Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 1 | **************************** |
| 2 | What's New In Python 3.3 |
| 3 | **************************** |
| 4 | |
| 5 | :Author: Raymond Hettinger |
| 6 | :Release: |release| |
| 7 | :Date: |today| |
| 8 | |
Éric Araujo | b07b97f | 2011-10-05 01:03:34 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 9 | .. Rules for maintenance: |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 10 | |
| 11 | * Anyone can add text to this document. Do not spend very much time |
| 12 | on the wording of your changes, because your text will probably |
| 13 | get rewritten to some degree. |
| 14 | |
| 15 | * The maintainer will go through Misc/NEWS periodically and add |
| 16 | changes; it's therefore more important to add your changes to |
| 17 | Misc/NEWS than to this file. |
| 18 | |
| 19 | * This is not a complete list of every single change; completeness |
| 20 | is the purpose of Misc/NEWS. Some changes I consider too small |
| 21 | or esoteric to include. If such a change is added to the text, |
| 22 | I'll just remove it. (This is another reason you shouldn't spend |
| 23 | too much time on writing your addition.) |
| 24 | |
| 25 | * If you want to draw your new text to the attention of the |
| 26 | maintainer, add 'XXX' to the beginning of the paragraph or |
| 27 | section. |
| 28 | |
| 29 | * It's OK to just add a fragmentary note about a change. For |
| 30 | example: "XXX Describe the transmogrify() function added to the |
| 31 | socket module." The maintainer will research the change and |
| 32 | write the necessary text. |
| 33 | |
| 34 | * You can comment out your additions if you like, but it's not |
| 35 | necessary (especially when a final release is some months away). |
| 36 | |
| 37 | * Credit the author of a patch or bugfix. Just the name is |
| 38 | sufficient; the e-mail address isn't necessary. |
| 39 | |
| 40 | * It's helpful to add the bug/patch number as a comment: |
| 41 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 42 | XXX Describe the transmogrify() function added to the socket |
| 43 | module. |
Éric Araujo | b07b97f | 2011-10-05 01:03:34 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 44 | (Contributed by P.Y. Developer in :issue:`12345`.) |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 45 | |
Éric Araujo | b07b97f | 2011-10-05 01:03:34 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 46 | This saves the maintainer the effort of going through the Mercurial log |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 47 | when researching a change. |
| 48 | |
| 49 | This article explains the new features in Python 3.3, compared to 3.2. |
| 50 | |
| 51 | |
Ezio Melotti | 48a2f8f | 2011-09-29 00:18:19 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 52 | PEP 393: Flexible String Representation |
| 53 | ======================================= |
| 54 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame^] | 55 | The Unicode string type is changed to support multiple internal |
| 56 | representations, depending on the character with the largest Unicode ordinal |
| 57 | (1, 2, or 4 bytes) in the represented string. This allows a space-efficient |
| 58 | representation in common cases, but gives access to full UCS-4 on all |
| 59 | systems. For compatibility with existing APIs, several representations may |
| 60 | exist in parallel; over time, this compatibility should be phased out. |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 61 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame^] | 62 | On the Python side, there should be no downside to this change. |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 63 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame^] | 64 | On the C API side, PEP 393 is fully backward compatible. The legacy API |
| 65 | should remain available at least five years. Applications using the legacy |
| 66 | API will not fully benefit of the memory reduction, or - worse - may use |
| 67 | a bit more memory, because Python may have to maintain two versions of each |
| 68 | string (in the legacy format and in the new efficient storage). |
| 69 | |
| 70 | Changes introduced by :pep:`393` are the following: |
Ezio Melotti | 48a2f8f | 2011-09-29 00:18:19 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 71 | |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 72 | * Python now always supports the full range of Unicode codepoints, including |
| 73 | non-BMP ones (i.e. from ``U+0000`` to ``U+10FFFF``). The distinction between |
| 74 | narrow and wide builds no longer exists and Python now behaves like a wide |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame^] | 75 | build, even under Windows. |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 76 | |
| 77 | * The storage of Unicode strings now depends on the highest codepoint in the string: |
| 78 | |
| 79 | * pure ASCII and Latin1 strings (``U+0000-U+00FF``) use 1 byte per codepoint; |
| 80 | |
| 81 | * BMP strings (``U+0000-U+FFFF``) use 2 bytes per codepoint; |
| 82 | |
| 83 | * non-BMP strings (``U+10000-U+10FFFF``) use 4 bytes per codepoint. |
| 84 | |
| 85 | .. The memory usage of Python 3.3 is two to three times smaller than Python 3.2, |
| 86 | and a little bit better than Python 2.7, on a `Django benchmark |
| 87 | <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/python-dev/2011-September/113714.html>`_. |
| 88 | XXX The result should be moved in the PEP and a small summary about |
| 89 | performances and a link to the PEP should be added here. |
| 90 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame^] | 91 | * With the death of narrow builds, the problems specific to narrow builds have |
| 92 | also been fixed, for example: |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 93 | |
| 94 | * :func:`len` now always returns 1 for non-BMP characters, |
| 95 | so ``len('\U0010FFFF') == 1``; |
| 96 | |
| 97 | * surrogate pairs are not recombined in string literals, |
| 98 | so ``'\uDBFF\uDFFF' != '\U0010FFFF'``; |
| 99 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame^] | 100 | * indexing or slicing non-BMP characters returns the expected value, |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 101 | so ``'\U0010FFFF'[0]`` now returns ``'\U0010FFFF'`` and not ``'\uDBFF'``; |
| 102 | |
Antoine Pitrou | fd9b416 | 2011-10-24 00:14:43 +0200 | [diff] [blame^] | 103 | * several other functions in the standard library now handle correctly |
| 104 | non-BMP codepoints. |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 105 | |
Ezio Melotti | 48a2f8f | 2011-09-29 00:18:19 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 106 | * The value of :data:`sys.maxunicode` is now always ``1114111`` (``0x10FFFF`` |
| 107 | in hexadecimal). The :c:func:`PyUnicode_GetMax` function still returns |
| 108 | either ``0xFFFF`` or ``0x10FFFF`` for backward compatibility, and it should |
| 109 | not be used with the new Unicode API (see :issue:`13054`). |
| 110 | |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 111 | * The :file:`./configure` flag ``--with-wide-unicode`` has been removed. |
Victor Stinner | 7d637ab | 2011-09-29 02:56:16 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 112 | |
Ezio Melotti | 397546a | 2011-09-29 08:34:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 113 | XXX mention new and deprecated functions and macros |
Ezio Melotti | 48a2f8f | 2011-09-29 00:18:19 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 114 | |
Éric Araujo | b07b97f | 2011-10-05 01:03:34 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 115 | |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 116 | PEP 3151: Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchy |
| 117 | ===================================================== |
| 118 | |
| 119 | :pep:`3151` - Reworking the OS and IO exception hierarchy |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 120 | PEP written and implemented by Antoine Pitrou. |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 121 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 122 | The hierarchy of exceptions raised by operating system errors is now both |
| 123 | simplified and finer-grained. |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 124 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 125 | You don't have to worry anymore about choosing the appropriate exception |
| 126 | type between :exc:`OSError`, :exc:`IOError`, :exc:`EnvironmentError`, |
| 127 | :exc:`WindowsError`, :exc:`mmap.error`, :exc:`socket.error` or |
| 128 | :exc:`select.error`. All these exception types are now only one: |
| 129 | :exc:`OSError`. The other names are kept as aliases for compatibility |
| 130 | reasons. |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 131 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 132 | Also, it is now easier to catch a specific error condition. Instead of |
| 133 | inspecting the ``errno`` attribute (or ``args[0]``) for a particular |
| 134 | constant from the :mod:`errno` module, you can catch the adequate |
| 135 | :exc:`OSError` subclass. The available subclasses are the following: |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 136 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 137 | * :exc:`BlockingIOError` |
| 138 | * :exc:`ChildProcessError` |
| 139 | * :exc:`ConnectionError` |
| 140 | * :exc:`FileExistsError` |
| 141 | * :exc:`FileNotFoundError` |
| 142 | * :exc:`InterruptedError` |
| 143 | * :exc:`IsADirectoryError` |
| 144 | * :exc:`NotADirectoryError` |
| 145 | * :exc:`PermissionError` |
| 146 | * :exc:`ProcessLookupError` |
| 147 | * :exc:`TimeoutError` |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 148 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 149 | And the :exc:`ConnectionError` itself has finer-grained subclasses: |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 150 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 151 | * :exc:`BrokenPipeError` |
| 152 | * :exc:`ConnectionAbortedError` |
| 153 | * :exc:`ConnectionRefusedError` |
| 154 | * :exc:`ConnectionResetError` |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 155 | |
| 156 | Thanks to the new exceptions, common usages of the :mod:`errno` can now be |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 157 | avoided. For example, the following code written for Python 3.2:: |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 158 | |
| 159 | from errno import ENOENT, EACCES, EPERM |
| 160 | |
| 161 | try: |
| 162 | with open("document.txt") as f: |
| 163 | content = f.read() |
| 164 | except IOError as err: |
| 165 | if err.errno == ENOENT: |
| 166 | print("document.txt file is missing") |
| 167 | elif err.errno in (EACCES, EPERM): |
| 168 | print("You are not allowed to read document.txt") |
| 169 | else: |
| 170 | raise |
| 171 | |
Antoine Pitrou | 01fd26c | 2011-10-24 00:07:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 172 | can now be written without the :mod:`errno` import and without manual |
| 173 | inspection of exception attributes:: |
Victor Stinner | a1bf298 | 2011-10-12 20:35:02 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 174 | |
| 175 | try: |
| 176 | with open("document.txt") as f: |
| 177 | content = f.read() |
| 178 | except FileNotFoundError: |
| 179 | print("document.txt file is missing") |
| 180 | except PermissionError: |
| 181 | print("You are not allowed to read document.txt") |
| 182 | |
| 183 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 184 | Other Language Changes |
| 185 | ====================== |
| 186 | |
| 187 | Some smaller changes made to the core Python language are: |
| 188 | |
| 189 | * Stub |
| 190 | |
Ezio Melotti | 931b8aa | 2011-10-21 21:57:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 191 | Added support for Unicode name aliases and named sequences. |
Ezio Melotti | 2d99dac | 2011-10-24 00:44:03 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 192 | Both :func:`unicodedata.lookup()` and ``'\N{...}'`` now resolve name aliases, |
Ezio Melotti | 931b8aa | 2011-10-21 21:57:36 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 193 | and :func:`unicodedata.lookup()` resolves named sequences too. |
| 194 | |
| 195 | (Contributed by Ezio Melotti in :issue:`12753`) |
| 196 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 197 | |
Mark Dickinson | 3664568 | 2011-10-23 19:53:01 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 198 | Equality comparisons on :func:`range` objects now return a result reflecting |
| 199 | the equality of the underlying sequences generated by those range objects. |
| 200 | |
| 201 | (:issue:`13021`) |
| 202 | |
| 203 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 204 | New, Improved, and Deprecated Modules |
| 205 | ===================================== |
| 206 | |
| 207 | * Stub |
| 208 | |
Meador Inge | c5dbb3d | 2011-09-20 21:48:16 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 209 | array |
| 210 | ----- |
| 211 | |
| 212 | The :mod:`array` module supports the :c:type:`long long` type using ``q`` and |
| 213 | ``Q`` type codes. |
| 214 | |
| 215 | (Contributed by Oren Tirosh and Hirokazu Yamamoto in :issue:`1172711`) |
| 216 | |
| 217 | |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 218 | codecs |
| 219 | ------ |
| 220 | |
Victor Stinner | 3a50e70 | 2011-10-18 21:21:00 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 221 | The :mod:`~encodings.mbcs` codec has be rewritten to handle correclty |
| 222 | ``replace`` and ``ignore`` error handlers on all Windows versions. The |
| 223 | :mod:`~encodings.mbcs` codec is now supporting all error handlers, instead of |
| 224 | only ``replace`` to encode and ``ignore`` to decode. |
| 225 | |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 226 | Multibyte CJK decoders now resynchronize faster. They only ignore the first |
Georg Brandl | 6c0929b | 2011-07-09 11:43:33 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 227 | byte of an invalid byte sequence. For example, ``b'\xff\n'.decode('gb2312', |
| 228 | 'replace')`` now returns a ``\n`` after the replacement character. |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 229 | |
Georg Brandl | 6c0929b | 2011-07-09 11:43:33 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 230 | (:issue:`12016`) |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 231 | |
| 232 | Don't reset incremental encoders of CJK codecs at each call to their encode() |
Georg Brandl | 6c0929b | 2011-07-09 11:43:33 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 233 | method anymore. For example:: |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 234 | |
| 235 | $ ./python -q |
| 236 | >>> import codecs |
| 237 | >>> encoder = codecs.getincrementalencoder('hz')('strict') |
| 238 | >>> b''.join(encoder.encode(x) for x in '\u52ff\u65bd\u65bc\u4eba\u3002 Bye.') |
| 239 | b'~{NpJ)l6HK!#~} Bye.' |
| 240 | |
Georg Brandl | 6c0929b | 2011-07-09 11:43:33 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 241 | This example gives ``b'~{Np~}~{J)~}~{l6~}~{HK~}~{!#~} Bye.'`` with older Python |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 242 | versions. |
| 243 | |
Georg Brandl | 6c0929b | 2011-07-09 11:43:33 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 244 | (:issue:`12100`) |
Victor Stinner | 2cded9c | 2011-07-08 01:45:13 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 245 | |
Éric Araujo | 84b8ed8 | 2011-08-29 21:42:47 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 246 | crypt |
| 247 | ----- |
| 248 | |
Victor Stinner | c78fb33 | 2011-09-21 03:35:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 249 | Addition of salt and modular crypt format and the :func:`~crypt.mksalt` |
| 250 | function to the :mod:`crypt` module. |
Éric Araujo | 84b8ed8 | 2011-08-29 21:42:47 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 251 | |
| 252 | (:issue:`10924`) |
| 253 | |
Victor Stinner | a7878b7 | 2011-07-14 23:07:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 254 | curses |
| 255 | ------ |
| 256 | |
Victor Stinner | c78fb33 | 2011-09-21 03:35:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 257 | * The :class:`curses.window` class has a new :meth:`~curses.window.get_wch` |
| 258 | method to get a wide character |
| 259 | * The :mod:`curses` module has a new :meth:`~curses.unget_wch` function to |
| 260 | push a wide character so the next :meth:`~curses.window.get_wch` will return |
| 261 | it |
Victor Stinner | a7878b7 | 2011-07-14 23:07:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 262 | |
Victor Stinner | c78fb33 | 2011-09-21 03:35:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 263 | (Contributed by Iñigo Serna in :issue:`6755`) |
Victor Stinner | a7878b7 | 2011-07-14 23:07:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 264 | |
Victor Stinner | 024e37a | 2011-03-31 01:31:06 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 265 | faulthandler |
| 266 | ------------ |
| 267 | |
| 268 | New module: :mod:`faulthandler`. |
| 269 | |
| 270 | * :envvar:`PYTHONFAULTHANDLER` |
| 271 | * :option:`-X` ``faulthandler`` |
| 272 | |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 273 | |
Victor Stinner | 811db3b | 2011-09-21 03:20:03 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 274 | ftplib |
| 275 | ------ |
| 276 | |
| 277 | The :class:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS` class now provides a new |
| 278 | :func:`~ftplib.FTP_TLS.ccc` function to revert control channel back to |
Florent Xicluna | 6d57d21 | 2011-10-23 22:23:57 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 279 | plaintext. This can be useful to take advantage of firewalls that know how to |
Victor Stinner | 811db3b | 2011-09-21 03:20:03 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 280 | handle NAT with non-secure FTP without opening fixed ports. |
| 281 | |
| 282 | (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`12139`) |
| 283 | |
| 284 | |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 285 | math |
| 286 | ---- |
| 287 | |
| 288 | The :mod:`math` module has a new function: |
| 289 | |
| 290 | * :func:`~math.log2`: return the base-2 logarithm of *x* |
| 291 | (Written by Mark Dickinson in :issue:`11888`). |
| 292 | |
| 293 | |
| 294 | nntplib |
| 295 | ------- |
| 296 | |
| 297 | The :class:`nntplib.NNTP` class now supports the context manager protocol to |
| 298 | unconditionally consume :exc:`socket.error` exceptions and to close the NNTP |
| 299 | connection when done:: |
| 300 | |
| 301 | >>> from nntplib import NNTP |
Ezio Melotti | 3c14b4e | 2011-07-13 11:44:44 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 302 | >>> with NNTP('news.gmane.org') as n: |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 303 | ... n.group('gmane.comp.python.committers') |
| 304 | ... |
Ezio Melotti | 04f648c | 2011-07-26 09:37:46 +0300 | [diff] [blame] | 305 | ('211 1755 1 1755 gmane.comp.python.committers', 1755, 1, 1755, 'gmane.comp.python.committers') |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 306 | >>> |
| 307 | |
| 308 | (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`9795`) |
| 309 | |
| 310 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | c9c2c8b | 2011-02-25 14:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 311 | os |
| 312 | -- |
| 313 | |
Charles-François Natali | a003af1 | 2011-06-01 20:30:52 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 314 | * The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.pipe2` function that makes it |
| 315 | possible to create a pipe with :data:`~os.O_CLOEXEC` or |
| 316 | :data:`~os.O_NONBLOCK` flags set atomically. This is especially useful to |
| 317 | avoid race conditions in multi-threaded programs. |
| 318 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 18e8bcb | 2011-02-25 20:57:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 319 | * The :mod:`os` module has a new :func:`~os.sendfile` function which provides |
| 320 | an efficent "zero-copy" way for copying data from one file (or socket) |
| 321 | descriptor to another. The phrase "zero-copy" refers to the fact that all of |
| 322 | the copying of data between the two descriptors is done entirely by the |
| 323 | kernel, with no copying of data into userspace buffers. :func:`~os.sendfile` |
| 324 | can be used to efficiently copy data from a file on disk to a network socket, |
| 325 | e.g. for downloading a file. |
Giampaolo Rodolà | c9c2c8b | 2011-02-25 14:39:16 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 326 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 18e8bcb | 2011-02-25 20:57:54 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 327 | (Patch submitted by Ross Lagerwall and Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`10882`.) |
| 328 | |
| 329 | * The :mod:`os` module has two new functions: :func:`~os.getpriority` and |
| 330 | :func:`~os.setpriority`. They can be used to get or set process |
| 331 | niceness/priority in a fashion similar to :func:`os.nice` but extended to all |
| 332 | processes instead of just the current one. |
| 333 | |
| 334 | (Patch submitted by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`10784`.) |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 335 | |
Victor Stinner | e506437 | 2011-10-14 00:08:29 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 336 | * "at" functions (:issue:`4761`): |
| 337 | |
| 338 | * :func:`~os.faccessat` |
| 339 | * :func:`~os.fchmodat` |
| 340 | * :func:`~os.fchownat` |
| 341 | * :func:`~os.fstatat` |
| 342 | * :func:`~os.futimesat` |
| 343 | * :func:`~os.futimesat` |
| 344 | * :func:`~os.linkat` |
| 345 | * :func:`~os.mkdirat` |
| 346 | * :func:`~os.mkfifoat` |
| 347 | * :func:`~os.mknodat` |
| 348 | * :func:`~os.openat` |
| 349 | * :func:`~os.readlinkat` |
| 350 | * :func:`~os.renameat` |
| 351 | * :func:`~os.symlinkat` |
| 352 | * :func:`~os.unlinkat` |
| 353 | * :func:`~os.utimensat` |
| 354 | * :func:`~os.utimensat` |
| 355 | |
| 356 | * extended attributes (:issue:`12720`): |
| 357 | |
| 358 | * :func:`~os.fgetxattr` |
| 359 | * :func:`~os.flistxattr` |
| 360 | * :func:`~os.fremovexattr` |
| 361 | * :func:`~os.fsetxattr` |
| 362 | * :func:`~os.getxattr` |
| 363 | * :func:`~os.lgetxattr` |
| 364 | * :func:`~os.listxattr` |
| 365 | * :func:`~os.llistxattr` |
| 366 | * :func:`~os.lremovexattr` |
| 367 | * :func:`~os.lsetxattr` |
| 368 | * :func:`~os.removexattr` |
| 369 | * :func:`~os.setxattr` |
| 370 | |
| 371 | * Scheduler functions (:issue:`12655`): |
| 372 | |
| 373 | * :func:`~os.sched_get_priority_max` |
| 374 | * :func:`~os.sched_get_priority_min` |
| 375 | * :func:`~os.sched_getaffinity` |
| 376 | * :func:`~os.sched_getparam` |
| 377 | * :func:`~os.sched_getscheduler` |
| 378 | * :func:`~os.sched_rr_get_interval` |
| 379 | * :func:`~os.sched_setaffinity` |
| 380 | * :func:`~os.sched_setparam` |
| 381 | * :func:`~os.sched_setscheduler` |
| 382 | * :func:`~os.sched_yield` |
| 383 | |
| 384 | * Add some extra posix functions to the os module (:issue:`10812`): |
| 385 | |
| 386 | * :func:`~os.fexecve` |
| 387 | * :func:`~os.futimens` |
| 388 | * :func:`~os.futimens` |
| 389 | * :func:`~os.futimes` |
| 390 | * :func:`~os.futimes` |
| 391 | * :func:`~os.lockf` |
| 392 | * :func:`~os.lutimes` |
| 393 | * :func:`~os.lutimes` |
| 394 | * :func:`~os.posix_fadvise` |
| 395 | * :func:`~os.posix_fallocate` |
| 396 | * :func:`~os.pread` |
| 397 | * :func:`~os.pwrite` |
| 398 | * :func:`~os.readv` |
| 399 | * :func:`~os.sync` |
| 400 | * :func:`~os.truncate` |
| 401 | * :func:`~os.waitid` |
| 402 | * :func:`~os.writev` |
| 403 | |
| 404 | * Other new functions: |
| 405 | |
| 406 | * :func:`~os.fdlistdir` (:issue:`10755`) |
| 407 | * :func:`~os.getgrouplist` (:issue:`9344`) |
| 408 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 424298a | 2011-03-03 18:34:06 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 409 | |
Éric Araujo | 765e94f | 2011-06-03 17:26:59 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 410 | packaging |
| 411 | --------- |
| 412 | |
| 413 | :mod:`distutils` has undergone additions and refactoring under a new name, |
| 414 | :mod:`packaging`, to allow developers to break backward compatibility. |
| 415 | :mod:`distutils` is still provided in the standard library, but users are |
| 416 | encouraged to transition to :mod:`packaging`. For older versions of Python, a |
| 417 | backport compatible with 2.4+ and 3.1+ will be made available on PyPI under the |
| 418 | name :mod:`distutils2`. |
| 419 | |
| 420 | .. TODO add examples and howto to the packaging docs and link to them |
| 421 | |
| 422 | |
Victor Stinner | 383c3fc | 2011-05-25 01:35:05 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 423 | pydoc |
| 424 | ----- |
| 425 | |
Victor Stinner | 6daa33c | 2011-05-25 01:41:22 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 426 | The Tk GUI and the :func:`~pydoc.serve` function have been removed from the |
| 427 | :mod:`pydoc` module: ``pydoc -g`` and :func:`~pydoc.serve` have been deprecated |
| 428 | in Python 3.2. |
Victor Stinner | 383c3fc | 2011-05-25 01:35:05 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 429 | |
| 430 | |
Victor Stinner | d5c355c | 2011-04-30 14:53:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 431 | sys |
| 432 | --- |
Victor Stinner | 754851f | 2011-04-19 23:58:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 433 | |
Éric Araujo | 84b8ed8 | 2011-08-29 21:42:47 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 434 | * The :mod:`sys` module has a new :data:`~sys.thread_info` :term:`struct |
Victor Stinner | d5c355c | 2011-04-30 14:53:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 435 | sequence` holding informations about the thread implementation. |
Victor Stinner | 754851f | 2011-04-19 23:58:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 436 | |
Georg Brandl | 00db582 | 2011-04-30 15:30:03 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 437 | (:issue:`11223`) |
Victor Stinner | a929335 | 2011-04-30 15:21:58 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 438 | |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 439 | |
Victor Stinner | a929335 | 2011-04-30 15:21:58 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 440 | signal |
| 441 | ------ |
| 442 | |
Victor Stinner | fa0e3d5 | 2011-05-09 01:01:09 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 443 | * The :mod:`signal` module has new functions: |
Victor Stinner | a929335 | 2011-04-30 15:21:58 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 444 | |
Victor Stinner | b3e7219 | 2011-05-08 01:46:11 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 445 | * :func:`~signal.pthread_sigmask`: fetch and/or change the signal mask of the |
| 446 | calling thread (Contributed by Jean-Paul Calderone in :issue:`8407`) ; |
| 447 | * :func:`~signal.pthread_kill`: send a signal to a thread ; |
| 448 | * :func:`~signal.sigpending`: examine pending functions ; |
| 449 | * :func:`~signal.sigwait`: wait a signal. |
Ross Lagerwall | bc80822 | 2011-06-25 12:13:40 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 450 | * :func:`~signal.sigwaitinfo`: wait for a signal, returning detailed |
| 451 | information about it. |
| 452 | * :func:`~signal.sigtimedwait`: like :func:`~signal.sigwaitinfo` but with a |
| 453 | timeout. |
Victor Stinner | a929335 | 2011-04-30 15:21:58 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 454 | |
Victor Stinner | d49b1f1 | 2011-05-08 02:03:15 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 455 | * The signal handler writes the signal number as a single byte instead of |
| 456 | a nul byte into the wakeup file descriptor. So it is possible to wait more |
| 457 | than one signal and know which signals were raised. |
| 458 | |
Victor Stinner | 388196e | 2011-05-10 17:13:00 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 459 | * :func:`signal.signal` and :func:`signal.siginterrupt` raise an OSError, |
| 460 | instead of a RuntimeError: OSError has an errno attribute. |
| 461 | |
Nick Coghlan | 96fe56a | 2011-08-22 11:55:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 462 | socket |
| 463 | ------ |
| 464 | |
Charles-François Natali | 47413c1 | 2011-10-06 19:47:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 465 | * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now exposes additional methods to process |
| 466 | ancillary data when supported by the underlying platform: |
Nick Coghlan | 96fe56a | 2011-08-22 11:55:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 467 | |
Charles-François Natali | 47413c1 | 2011-10-06 19:47:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 468 | * :func:`~socket.socket.sendmsg` |
| 469 | * :func:`~socket.socket.recvmsg` |
| 470 | * :func:`~socket.socket.recvmsg_into` |
Nick Coghlan | 96fe56a | 2011-08-22 11:55:57 +1000 | [diff] [blame] | 471 | |
Charles-François Natali | 47413c1 | 2011-10-06 19:47:44 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 472 | (Contributed by David Watson in :issue:`6560`, based on an earlier patch by |
| 473 | Heiko Wundram) |
| 474 | |
| 475 | * The :class:`~socket.socket` class now supports the PF_CAN protocol family |
| 476 | (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Socketcan), on Linux |
| 477 | (http://lwn.net/Articles/253425). |
| 478 | |
| 479 | (Contributed by Matthias Fuchs, updated by Tiago Gonçalves in :issue:`10141`) |
| 480 | |
Victor Stinner | 754851f | 2011-04-19 23:58:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 481 | |
Victor Stinner | 99c8b16 | 2011-05-24 12:05:19 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 482 | ssl |
| 483 | --- |
| 484 | |
| 485 | The :mod:`ssl` module has new functions: |
| 486 | |
| 487 | * :func:`~ssl.RAND_bytes`: generate cryptographically strong |
| 488 | pseudo-random bytes. |
| 489 | * :func:`~ssl.RAND_pseudo_bytes`: generate pseudo-random bytes. |
| 490 | |
| 491 | |
Giampaolo Rodola' | 210e7ca | 2011-07-01 13:55:36 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 492 | shutil |
| 493 | ------ |
| 494 | |
Sandro Tosi | aec2f21 | 2011-08-23 00:58:21 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 495 | * The :mod:`shutil` module has these new fuctions: |
Giampaolo Rodola' | 210e7ca | 2011-07-01 13:55:36 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 496 | |
Sandro Tosi | aec2f21 | 2011-08-23 00:58:21 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 497 | * :func:`~shutil.disk_usage`: provides total, used and free disk space |
| 498 | statistics. (Contributed by Giampaolo Rodolà in :issue:`12442`) |
| 499 | * :func:`~shutil.chown`: allows one to change user and/or group of the given |
| 500 | path also specifying the user/group names and not only their numeric |
| 501 | ids. (Contributed by Sandro Tosi in :issue:`12191`) |
Giampaolo Rodola' | 096dcb1 | 2011-06-27 11:17:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 502 | |
Senthil Kumaran | de49d64 | 2011-10-16 23:54:44 +0800 | [diff] [blame] | 503 | urllib |
| 504 | ------ |
| 505 | |
| 506 | The :class:`~urllib.request.Request` class, now accepts a *method* argument |
| 507 | used by :meth:`~urllib.request.Request.get_method` to determine what HTTP method |
Senthil Kumaran | a41c942 | 2011-10-20 02:37:08 +0800 | [diff] [blame] | 508 | should be used. For example, this will send a ``'HEAD'`` request:: |
Senthil Kumaran | de49d64 | 2011-10-16 23:54:44 +0800 | [diff] [blame] | 509 | |
| 510 | >>> urlopen(Request('http://www.python.org', method='HEAD')) |
| 511 | |
| 512 | (:issue:`1673007`) |
Giampaolo Rodola' | 096dcb1 | 2011-06-27 11:17:51 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 513 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 514 | Optimizations |
| 515 | ============= |
| 516 | |
| 517 | Major performance enhancements have been added: |
| 518 | |
| 519 | * Stub |
| 520 | |
| 521 | |
| 522 | Build and C API Changes |
| 523 | ======================= |
| 524 | |
| 525 | Changes to Python's build process and to the C API include: |
| 526 | |
| 527 | * Stub |
| 528 | |
| 529 | |
Georg Brandl | 0cd25c9 | 2011-04-29 13:45:54 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 530 | Unsupported Operating Systems |
Victor Stinner | b90db4c | 2011-04-26 22:48:24 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 531 | ============================= |
| 532 | |
Brian Curtin | 49a40cd | 2011-05-02 22:30:06 -0500 | [diff] [blame] | 533 | OS/2 and VMS are no longer supported due to the lack of a maintainer. |
| 534 | |
| 535 | Windows 2000 and Windows platforms which set ``COMSPEC`` to ``command.com`` |
| 536 | are no longer supported due to maintenance burden. |
Victor Stinner | b90db4c | 2011-04-26 22:48:24 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 537 | |
| 538 | |
Giampaolo Rodolà | 3108f98 | 2011-02-24 20:59:48 +0000 | [diff] [blame] | 539 | Porting to Python 3.3 |
| 540 | ===================== |
| 541 | |
| 542 | This section lists previously described changes and other bugfixes |
| 543 | that may require changes to your code: |
| 544 | |
Victor Stinner | ff3d939 | 2011-08-20 23:39:26 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 545 | * Issue #12326: On Linux, sys.platform doesn't contain the major version |
| 546 | anymore. It is now always 'linux', instead of 'linux2' or 'linux3' depending |
| 547 | on the Linux version used to build Python. Replace sys.platform == 'linux2' |
| 548 | with sys.platform.startswith('linux'), or directly sys.platform == 'linux' if |
| 549 | you don't need to support older Python versions. |
Éric Araujo | c09fca6 | 2011-03-23 02:06:24 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 550 | |
| 551 | .. Issue #11591: When :program:`python` was started with :option:`-S`, |
| 552 | ``import site`` will not add site-specific paths to the module search |
| 553 | paths. In previous versions, it did. See changeset for doc changes in |
| 554 | various files. Contributed by Carl Meyer with editions by Éric Araujo. |
Éric Araujo | be3bd57 | 2011-03-26 01:55:15 +0100 | [diff] [blame] | 555 | |
| 556 | .. Issue #10998: -Q command-line flags are related artifacts have been |
| 557 | removed. Code checking sys.flags.division_warning will need updating. |
| 558 | Contributed by Éric Araujo. |
Victor Stinner | 7d637ab | 2011-09-29 02:56:16 +0200 | [diff] [blame] | 559 | |
| 560 | * :pep:`393`: The :c:type:`Py_UNICODE` type and all functions using this type |
| 561 | are deprecated. To fully benefit of the memory footprint reduction provided |
| 562 | by the PEP 393, you have to convert your code to the new Unicode API. Read |
| 563 | the porting guide: XXX. |
| 564 | |