test/test_crypto.py

# Copyright (C) Jean-Paul Calderone 2008, All rights reserved

"""
Unit tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto}.
"""

from unittest import TestCase

from OpenSSL.crypto import TYPE_RSA, TYPE_DSA, Error, PKey, PKeyType
from OpenSSL.crypto import X509, X509Type, X509Name, X509NameType
from OpenSSL.crypto import X509Req, X509ReqType
from OpenSSL.crypto import X509Extension, X509ExtensionType
from OpenSSL.crypto import FILETYPE_PEM, load_certificate, load_privatekey
from OpenSSL.crypto import dump_privatekey


cleartextPrivateKeyPEM = (
    "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n"
    "MIICXAIBAAKBgQDaemNe1syksAbFFpF3aoOrZ18vB/IQNZrAjFqXPv9iieJm7+Tc\n"
    "g+lA/v0qmoEKrpT2xfwxXmvZwBNM4ZhyRC3DPIFEyJV7/3IA1p5iuMY/GJI1VIgn\n"
    "aikQCnrsyxtaRpsMBeZRniaVzcUJ+XnEdFGEjlo+k0xlwfVclDEMwgpXAQIDAQAB\n"
    "AoGBALi0a7pMQqqgnriVAdpBVJveQtxSDVWi2/gZMKVZfzNheuSnv4amhtaKPKJ+\n"
    "CMZtHkcazsE2IFvxRN/kgato9H3gJqq8nq2CkdpdLNVKBoxiCtkLfutdY4SQLtoY\n"
    "USN7exk131pchsAJXYlR6mCW+ZP+E523cNwpPgsyKxVbmXSBAkEA9470fy2W0jFM\n"
    "taZFslpntKSzbvn6JmdtjtvWrM1bBaeeqFiGBuQFYg46VaCUaeRWYw02jmYAsDYh\n"
    "ZQavmXThaQJBAOHtlAQ0IJJEiMZr6vtVPH32fmbthSv1AUSYPzKqdlQrUnOXPQXu\n"
    "z70cFoLG1TvPF5rBxbOkbQ/s8/ka5ZjPfdkCQCeC7YsO36+UpsWnUCBzRXITh4AC\n"
    "7eYLQ/U1KUJTVF/GrQ/5cQrQgftwgecAxi9Qfmk4xqhbp2h4e0QAmS5I9WECQH02\n"
    "0QwrX8nxFeTytr8pFGezj4a4KVCdb2B3CL+p3f70K7RIo9d/7b6frJI6ZL/LHQf2\n"
    "UP4pKRDkgKsVDx7MELECQGm072/Z7vmb03h/uE95IYJOgY4nfmYs0QKA9Is18wUz\n"
    "DpjfE33p0Ha6GO1VZRIQoqE24F8o5oimy3BEjryFuw4=\n"
    "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n")


cleartextCertificatePEM = (
    "-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n"
    "MIICfTCCAeYCAQEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEBQAwgYYxCzAJBgNVBAYTAlVTMRkwFwYD\n"
    "VQQDExBweW9wZW5zc2wuc2YubmV0MREwDwYDVQQHEwhOZXcgWW9yazESMBAGA1UE\n"
    "ChMJUHlPcGVuU1NMMREwDwYDVQQIEwhOZXcgWW9yazEQMA4GCSqGSIb3DQEJARYB\n"
    "IDEQMA4GA1UECxMHVGVzdGluZzAeFw0wODAzMjUxOTA0MTNaFw0wOTAzMjUxOTA0\n"
    "MTNaMIGGMQswCQYDVQQGEwJVUzEZMBcGA1UEAxMQcHlvcGVuc3NsLnNmLm5ldDER\n"
    "MA8GA1UEBxMITmV3IFlvcmsxEjAQBgNVBAoTCVB5T3BlblNTTDERMA8GA1UECBMI\n"
    "TmV3IFlvcmsxEDAOBgkqhkiG9w0BCQEWASAxEDAOBgNVBAsTB1Rlc3RpbmcwgZ8w\n"
    "DQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADgY0AMIGJAoGBANp6Y17WzKSwBsUWkXdqg6tnXy8H8hA1\n"
    "msCMWpc+/2KJ4mbv5NyD6UD+/SqagQqulPbF/DFea9nAE0zhmHJELcM8gUTIlXv/\n"
    "cgDWnmK4xj8YkjVUiCdqKRAKeuzLG1pGmwwF5lGeJpXNxQn5ecR0UYSOWj6TTGXB\n"
    "9VyUMQzCClcBAgMBAAEwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEEBQADgYEAmm0Vzvv1O91WLl2LnF2P\n"
    "q55LJdOnJbCCXIgxLdoVmvYAz1ZJq1eGKgKWI5QLgxiSzJLEU7KK//aVfiZzoCd5\n"
    "RipBiEEMEV4eAY317bHPwPP+4Bj9t0l8AsDLseC5vLRHgxrLEu3bn08DYx6imB5Q\n"
    "UBj849/xpszEM7BhwKE0GiQ=\n"
    "-----END CERTIFICATE-----\n")


encryptedPrivateKeyPEM = (
    "-----BEGIN RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n"
    "Proc-Type: 4,ENCRYPTED\n"
    "DEK-Info: BF-CBC,8306665233D056B1\n"
    "\n"
    "BwxghOcX1F+M108qRGBfpUBrfaeKOszDEV18OjEE55p0yGsiDxvdol3c4bwI5ITy\n"
    "ltP8w9O33CDUCjr+Ymj8xLpPP60TTfr/aHq+2fEuG4TfkeHb5fVYm0mgVnaOhJs3\n"
    "a2n5IL/KNCdP3zMZa0IaMJ0M+VK90SLpq5nzXOWkufLyZL1+n8srkk06gepmHS7L\n"
    "rH3rALNboG8yTH1qjE8PwcMrJAQfRMd4/4RTQv+4pUuKj7I2en+YwSQ/gomy7qN1\n"
    "3s/gMgV/2GUbEcTVch4thZ9l3WsX18V76rBQkiZ7yrJkxwNMv+Qc2GfHtBnsXAyA\n"
    "0nIE4Mm/OQqX8h7EJ4c2s1DMGVS0YZGU+75HN0A3iD01h8C5utqSScWzBA45j/Vy\n"
    "3aypQVqQeW7kBMQlpc6pHvJ1EsjiAJRCto7tZNLxRdjMKBV4w75JNLaAFSraqA+R\n"
    "/WPcdcXAQuhmCeh31fzmVOHJGRF7/5pAR/b7AnFTD4YbYVcglNis/jpdiI9k2AYP\n"
    "wZNwXOIh6Ibq5hMvyV4/pySyLbgDOrfrOGpi8N6lBbzewByYQKiXwUEZf+Y5499/\n"
    "CckajBhgYynPpe6mgsSeklWGc845iIwAtzavBNZIkn1hKP1P+TFjbl2O75u/9JLJ\n"
    "6i4IFYCyQmwiHX8nTR717SpCN2gyZ2HrX7z2mKP/KokkAX2yidwoKh9FMUV5lOGO\n"
    "JPc4MfPo4lPB7SP30AtOh7y7zlS3x8Uo0+0wCg5Z5Fn/73x3W+p5nyI0G9n7RGzL\n"
    "ZeCWLdG/Cm6ZyIpYZGbZ5m+U3Fr6/El9V6LSxrB1TB+8G1NTdLlbeA==\n"
    "-----END RSA PRIVATE KEY-----\n")
encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase = "foobar"


class _Python23TestCaseHelper:
    # Python 2.3 compatibility.
    def assertTrue(self, *a, **kw):
        return self.failUnless(*a, **kw)


    def assertFalse(self, *a, **kw):
        return self.failIf(*a, **kw)



class X509ExtTests(TestCase, _Python23TestCaseHelper):
    def test_construction(self):
        """
        L{X509Extension} accepts an extension type name, a critical flag,
        and an extension value and returns an L{X509ExtensionType} instance.
        """
        basic = X509Extension('basicConstraints', True, 'CA:true')
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(basic, X509ExtensionType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (
                basic, type(basic), X509ExtensionType))

        comment = X509Extension('nsComment', False, 'pyOpenSSL unit test')
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(comment, X509ExtensionType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (
                comment, type(comment), X509ExtensionType))


    def test_invalid_extension(self):
        """
        L{X509Extension} raises something if it is passed a bad extension
        name or value.
        """
        self.assertRaises(
            Error, X509Extension, 'thisIsMadeUp', False, 'hi')
        self.assertRaises(
            Error, X509Extension, 'basicConstraints', False, 'blah blah')

        # Exercise a weird one (an extension which uses the r2i method).  This
        # exercises the codepath that requires a non-NULL ctx to be passed to
        # X509V3_EXT_nconf.  It can't work now because we provide no
        # configuration database.  It might be made to work in the future.
        self.assertRaises(
            Error, X509Extension, 'proxyCertInfo', True,
            'language:id-ppl-anyLanguage,pathlen:1,policy:text:AB')


    def test_get_critical(self):
        """
        L{X509ExtensionType.get_critical} returns the value of the
        extension's critical flag.
        """
        ext = X509Extension('basicConstraints', True, 'CA:true')
        self.assertTrue(ext.get_critical())
        ext = X509Extension('basicConstraints', False, 'CA:true')
        self.assertFalse(ext.get_critical())



class PKeyTests(TestCase, _Python23TestCaseHelper):
    """
    Unit tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.PKey}.
    """
    def test_construction(self):
        """
        L{PKey} takes no arguments and returns a new L{PKeyType} instance.
        """
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, PKey, None)
        key = PKey()
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(key, PKeyType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (key, type(key), PKeyType))


    def test_pregeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.bits} and L{PKeyType.type} return C{0} before the key is
        generated.
        """
        key = PKey()
        self.assertEqual(key.type(), 0)
        self.assertEqual(key.bits(), 0)


    def test_failedGeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.generate_key} takes two arguments, the first giving the key
        type as one of L{TYPE_RSA} or L{TYPE_DSA} and the second giving the
        number of bits to generate.  If an invalid type is specified or
        generation fails, L{Error} is raised.  If an invalid number of bits is
        specified, L{ValueError} or L{Error} is raised.
        """
        key = PKey()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, key.generate_key)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, key.generate_key, 1, 2, 3)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, key.generate_key, "foo", "bar")
        self.assertRaises(Error, key.generate_key, -1, 0)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, key.generate_key, TYPE_RSA, -1)
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, key.generate_key, TYPE_RSA, 0)

        # XXX RSA generation for small values of bits is fairly buggy in a wide
        # range of OpenSSL versions.  I need to figure out what the safe lower
        # bound for a reasonable number of OpenSSL versions is and explicitly
        # check for that in the wrapper.  The failure behavior is typically an
        # infinite loop inside OpenSSL.

        # self.assertRaises(Error, key.generate_key, TYPE_RSA, 2)

        # XXX DSA generation seems happy with any number of bits.  The DSS
        # says bits must be between 512 and 1024 inclusive.  OpenSSL's DSA
        # generator doesn't seem to care about the upper limit at all.  For
        # the lower limit, it uses 512 if anything smaller is specified.
        # So, it doesn't seem possible to make generate_key fail for
        # TYPE_DSA with a bits argument which is at least an int.

        # self.assertRaises(Error, key.generate_key, TYPE_DSA, -7)


    def test_rsaGeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.generate_key} generates an RSA key when passed
        L{TYPE_RSA} as a type and a reasonable number of bits.
        """
        bits = 128
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, bits)
        self.assertEqual(key.type(), TYPE_RSA)
        self.assertEqual(key.bits(), bits)


    def test_dsaGeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.generate_key} generates a DSA key when passed
        L{TYPE_DSA} as a type and a reasonable number of bits.
        """
        # 512 is a magic number.  The DSS (Digital Signature Standard)
        # allows a minimum of 512 bits for DSA.  DSA_generate_parameters
        # will silently promote any value below 512 to 512.
        bits = 512
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_DSA, bits)
        self.assertEqual(key.type(), TYPE_DSA)
        self.assertEqual(key.bits(), bits)


    def test_regeneration(self):
        """
        L{PKeyType.generate_key} can be called multiple times on the same
        key to generate new keys.
        """
        key = PKey()
        for type, bits in [(TYPE_RSA, 512), (TYPE_DSA, 576)]:
             key.generate_key(type, bits)
             self.assertEqual(key.type(), type)
             self.assertEqual(key.bits(), bits)



class X509NameTests(TestCase, _Python23TestCaseHelper):
    """
    Unit tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.X509Name}.
    """
    def _x509name(self, **attrs):
        # XXX There's no other way to get a new X509Name yet.
        name = X509().get_subject()
        attrs = attrs.items()
        # Make the order stable - order matters!
        attrs.sort(lambda (k1, v1), (k2, v2): cmp(v1, v2))
        for k, v in attrs:
            setattr(name, k, v)
        return name


    def test_attributes(self):
        """
        L{X509NameType} instances have attributes for each standard (?)
        X509Name field.
        """
        name = self._x509name()
        name.commonName = "foo"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "foo")
        self.assertEqual(name.CN, "foo")
        name.CN = "baz"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "baz")
        self.assertEqual(name.CN, "baz")
        name.commonName = "bar"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "bar")
        self.assertEqual(name.CN, "bar")
        name.CN = "quux"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "quux")
        self.assertEqual(name.CN, "quux")


    def test_copy(self):
        """
        L{X509Name} creates a new L{X509NameType} instance with all the same
        attributes as an existing L{X509NameType} instance when called with
        one.
        """
        name = self._x509name(commonName="foo", emailAddress="bar@example.com")

        copy = X509Name(name)
        self.assertEqual(copy.commonName, "foo")
        self.assertEqual(copy.emailAddress, "bar@example.com")

        # Mutate the copy and ensure the original is unmodified.
        copy.commonName = "baz"
        self.assertEqual(name.commonName, "foo")

        # Mutate the original and ensure the copy is unmodified.
        name.emailAddress = "quux@example.com"
        self.assertEqual(copy.emailAddress, "bar@example.com")


    def test_repr(self):
        """
        L{repr} passed an L{X509NameType} instance should return a string
        containing a description of the type and the NIDs which have been set
        on it.
        """
        name = self._x509name(commonName="foo", emailAddress="bar")
        self.assertEqual(
            repr(name),
            "<X509Name object '/emailAddress=bar/CN=foo'>")


    def test_comparison(self):
        """
        L{X509NameType} instances should compare based on their NIDs.
        """
        def _equality(a, b, assertTrue, assertFalse):
            assertTrue(a == b, "(%r == %r) --> False" % (a, b))
            assertFalse(a != b)
            assertTrue(b == a)
            assertFalse(b != a)

        def assertEqual(a, b):
            _equality(a, b, self.assertTrue, self.assertFalse)

        # Instances compare equal to themselves.
        name = self._x509name()
        assertEqual(name, name)

        # Empty instances should compare equal to each other.
        assertEqual(self._x509name(), self._x509name())

        # Instances with equal NIDs should compare equal to each other.
        assertEqual(self._x509name(commonName="foo"),
                    self._x509name(commonName="foo"))

        # Instance with equal NIDs set using different aliases should compare
        # equal to each other.
        assertEqual(self._x509name(commonName="foo"),
                    self._x509name(CN="foo"))

        # Instances with more than one NID with the same values should compare
        # equal to each other.
        assertEqual(self._x509name(CN="foo", organizationalUnitName="bar"),
                    self._x509name(commonName="foo", OU="bar"))

        def assertNotEqual(a, b):
            _equality(a, b, self.assertFalse, self.assertTrue)

        # Instances with different values for the same NID should not compare
        # equal to each other.
        assertNotEqual(self._x509name(CN="foo"),
                       self._x509name(CN="bar"))

        # Instances with different NIDs should not compare equal to each other.
        assertNotEqual(self._x509name(CN="foo"),
                       self._x509name(OU="foo"))

        def _inequality(a, b, assertTrue, assertFalse):
            assertTrue(a < b)
            assertTrue(a <= b)
            assertTrue(b > a)
            assertTrue(b >= a)
            assertFalse(a > b)
            assertFalse(a >= b)
            assertFalse(b < a)
            assertFalse(b <= a)

        def assertLessThan(a, b):
            _inequality(a, b, self.assertTrue, self.assertFalse)

        # An X509Name with a NID with a value which sorts less than the value
        # of the same NID on another X509Name compares less than the other
        # X509Name.
        assertLessThan(self._x509name(CN="abc"),
                       self._x509name(CN="def"))

        def assertGreaterThan(a, b):
            _inequality(a, b, self.assertFalse, self.assertTrue)

        # An X509Name with a NID with a value which sorts greater than the
        # value of the same NID on another X509Name compares greater than the
        # other X509Name.
        assertGreaterThan(self._x509name(CN="def"),
                          self._x509name(CN="abc"))


    def test_hash(self):
        """
        L{X509Name.hash} returns an integer hash based on the value of the
        name.
        """
        a = self._x509name(CN="foo")
        b = self._x509name(CN="foo")
        self.assertEqual(a.hash(), b.hash())
        a.CN = "bar"
        self.assertNotEqual(a.hash(), b.hash())


    def test_der(self):
        """
        L{X509Name.der} returns the DER encoded form of the name.
        """
        a = self._x509name(CN="foo", C="US")
        self.assertEqual(
            a.der(),
            '0\x1b1\x0b0\t\x06\x03U\x04\x06\x13\x02US'
            '1\x0c0\n\x06\x03U\x04\x03\x13\x03foo')


    def test_get_components(self):
        """
        L{X509Name.get_components} returns a C{list} of two-tuples of C{str}
        giving the NIDs and associated values which make up the name.
        """
        a = self._x509name()
        self.assertEqual(a.get_components(), [])
        a.CN = "foo"
        self.assertEqual(a.get_components(), [("CN", "foo")])
        a.organizationalUnitName = "bar"
        self.assertEqual(
            a.get_components(),
            [("CN", "foo"), ("OU", "bar")])


class _PKeyInteractionTestsMixin:
    """
    Tests which involve another thing and a PKey.
    """
    def signable(self):
        """
        Return something with a C{set_pubkey}, C{set_pubkey}, and C{sign} method.
        """
        raise NotImplementedError()


    def test_signWithUngenerated(self):
        """
        L{X509Req.sign} raises L{ValueError} when pass a L{PKey} with no parts.
        """
        request = self.signable()
        key = PKey()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, request.sign, key, 'MD5')


    def test_signWithPublicKey(self):
        """
        L{X509Req.sign} raises L{ValueError} when pass a L{PKey} with no
        private part as the signing key.
        """
        request = self.signable()
        key = PKey()
        key.generate_key(TYPE_RSA, 512)
        request.set_pubkey(key)
        pub = request.get_pubkey()
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, request.sign, pub, 'MD5')



class X509ReqTests(TestCase, _PKeyInteractionTestsMixin, _Python23TestCaseHelper):
    """
    Tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.X509Req}.
    """
    def signable(self):
        """
        Create and return a new L{X509Req}.
        """
        return X509Req()


    def test_construction(self):
        """
        L{X509Req} takes no arguments and returns an L{X509ReqType} instance.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(request, X509ReqType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (request, type(request), X509ReqType))


    def test_version(self):
        """
        L{X509ReqType.set_version} sets the X.509 version of the certificate
        request.  L{X509ReqType.get_version} returns the X.509 version of
        the certificate request.  The initial value of the version is 0.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        self.assertEqual(request.get_version(), 0)
        request.set_version(1)
        self.assertEqual(request.get_version(), 1)
        request.set_version(3)
        self.assertEqual(request.get_version(), 3)


    def test_get_subject(self):
        """
        L{X509ReqType.get_subject} returns an L{X509Name} for the subject of
        the request and which is valid even after the request object is
        otherwise dead.
        """
        request = X509Req()
        subject = request.get_subject()
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(subject, X509NameType),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (subject, type(subject), X509NameType))
        subject.commonName = "foo"
        self.assertEqual(request.get_subject().commonName, "foo")
        del request
        subject.commonName = "bar"
        self.assertEqual(subject.commonName, "bar")



class X509Tests(TestCase, _PKeyInteractionTestsMixin, _Python23TestCaseHelper):
    """
    Tests for L{OpenSSL.crypto.X509}.
    """
    pemData = cleartextCertificatePEM + cleartextPrivateKeyPEM

    def signable(self):
        """
        Create and return a new L{X509}.
        """
        return X509()


    def test_construction(self):
        """
        L{X509} takes no arguments and returns an instance of L{X509Type}.
        """
        certificate = X509()
        self.assertTrue(
            isinstance(certificate, X509Type),
            "%r is of type %r, should be %r" % (certificate,
                                                type(certificate),
                                                X509Type))


    def test_serial_number(self):
        """
        The serial number of an L{X509Type} can be retrieved and modified with
        L{X509Type.get_serial_number} and L{X509Type.set_serial_number}.
        """
        certificate = X509()
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, certificate.set_serial_number)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, certificate.set_serial_number, 1, 2)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, certificate.set_serial_number, "1")
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, certificate.set_serial_number, 5.5)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 0)
        certificate.set_serial_number(1)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 1)
        certificate.set_serial_number(2 ** 32 + 1)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 2 ** 32 + 1)
        certificate.set_serial_number(2 ** 64 + 1)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 2 ** 64 + 1)
        certificate.set_serial_number(2 ** 128 + 1)
        self.assertEqual(certificate.get_serial_number(), 2 ** 128 + 1)


    def _setBoundTest(self, which):
        """
        L{X509Type.set_notBefore} takes a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME and sets the beginning of the certificate's validity
        period to it.
        """
        certificate = X509()
        set = getattr(certificate, 'set_not' + which)
        get = getattr(certificate, 'get_not' + which)

        # Starts with no value.
        self.assertEqual(get(), None)

        # GMT (Or is it UTC?) -exarkun
        when = "20040203040506Z"
        set(when)
        self.assertEqual(get(), when)

        # A plus two hours and thirty minutes offset
        when = "20040203040506+0530"
        set(when)
        self.assertEqual(get(), when)

        # A minus one hour fifteen minutes offset
        when = "20040203040506-0115"
        set(when)
        self.assertEqual(get(), when)

        # An invalid string results in a ValueError
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, set, "foo bar")


    def test_set_notBefore(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.set_notBefore} takes a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME and sets the beginning of the certificate's validity
        period to it.
        """
        self._setBoundTest("Before")


    def test_set_notAfter(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.set_notAfter} takes a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME and sets the end of the certificate's validity period
        to it.
        """
        self._setBoundTest("After")


    def test_get_notBefore(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.get_notBefore} returns a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME even for certificates which store it as UTCTIME
        internally.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        self.assertEqual(cert.get_notBefore(), "20080325190413Z")


    def test_get_notAfter(self):
        """
        L{X509Type.get_notAfter} returns a string in the format of an ASN1
        GENERALIZEDTIME even for certificates which store it as UTCTIME
        internally.
        """
        cert = load_certificate(FILETYPE_PEM, self.pemData)
        self.assertEqual(cert.get_notAfter(), "20090325190413Z")


    def test_digest(self):
        """
        L{X509.digest} returns a string giving ":"-separated hex-encoded words
        of the digest of the certificate.
        """
        cert = X509()
        self.assertEqual(
            cert.digest("md5"),
            "A8:EB:07:F8:53:25:0A:F2:56:05:C5:A5:C4:C4:C7:15")



class FunctionTests(TestCase, _Python23TestCaseHelper):
    """
    Tests for free-functions in the L{OpenSSL.crypto} module.
    """
    def test_load_privatekey_wrongPassphrase(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} raises L{OpenSSL.crypto.Error} when it is passed an
        encrypted PEM and an incorrect passphrase.
        """
        self.assertRaises(
            Error,
            load_privatekey, FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, "quack")


    def test_load_privatekey_passphrase(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} can create a L{PKey} object from an encrypted PEM
        string if given the passphrase.
        """
        key = load_privatekey(
            FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM,
            encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(key, PKeyType))


    def test_load_privatekey_wrongPassphraseCallback(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} raises L{OpenSSL.crypto.Error} when it is passed an
        encrypted PEM and a passphrase callback which returns an incorrect
        passphrase.
        """
        called = []
        def cb(*a):
            called.append(None)
            return "quack"
        self.assertRaises(
            Error,
            load_privatekey, FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, cb)
        self.assertTrue(called)

    def test_load_privatekey_passphraseCallback(self):
        """
        L{load_privatekey} can create a L{PKey} object from an encrypted PEM
        string if given a passphrase callback which returns the correct
        password.
        """
        called = []
        def cb(writing):
            called.append(writing)
            return encryptedPrivateKeyPEMPassphrase
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, encryptedPrivateKeyPEM, cb)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(key, PKeyType))
        self.assertEqual(called, [False])


    def test_dump_privatekey_passphrase(self):
        """
        L{dump_privatekey} writes an encrypted PEM when given a passphrase.
        """
        passphrase = "foo"
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, "blowfish", passphrase)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(pem, str))
        loadedKey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, pem, passphrase)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(loadedKey, PKeyType))
        self.assertEqual(loadedKey.type(), key.type())
        self.assertEqual(loadedKey.bits(), key.bits())


    def test_dump_privatekey_passphraseCallback(self):
        """
        L{dump_privatekey} writes an encrypted PEM when given a callback which
        returns the correct passphrase.
        """
        passphrase = "foo"
        called = []
        def cb(writing):
            called.append(writing)
            return passphrase
        key = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, cleartextPrivateKeyPEM)
        pem = dump_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, key, "blowfish", cb)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(pem, str))
        self.assertEqual(called, [True])
        loadedKey = load_privatekey(FILETYPE_PEM, pem, passphrase)
        self.assertTrue(isinstance(loadedKey, PKeyType))
        self.assertEqual(loadedKey.type(), key.type())
        self.assertEqual(loadedKey.bits(), key.bits())