src/IceELFSection.h

//===- subzero/src/IceELFSection.h - Model of ELF sections ------*- C++ -*-===//
//
//                        The Subzero Code Generator
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// Representation of ELF sections.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#ifndef SUBZERO_SRC_ICEELFSECTION_H
#define SUBZERO_SRC_ICEELFSECTION_H

#include "IceDefs.h"
#include "IceELFStreamer.h"
#include "IceFixups.h"
#include "IceOperand.h"

using namespace llvm::ELF;

namespace Ice {

class ELFStreamer;
class ELFStringTableSection;

// Base representation of an ELF section.
class ELFSection {
  ELFSection() = delete;
  ELFSection(const ELFSection &) = delete;
  ELFSection &operator=(const ELFSection &) = delete;

public:
  // Sentinel value for a section number/index for before the final
  // section index is actually known. The dummy NULL section will be assigned
  // number 0, and it is referenced by the dummy 0-th symbol in the symbol
  // table, so use max() instead of 0.
  enum { NoSectionNumber = std::numeric_limits<SizeT>::max() };

  // Constructs an ELF section, filling in fields that will be known
  // once the *type* of section is decided.  Other fields may be updated
  // incrementally or only after the program is completely defined.
  ELFSection(const IceString &Name, Elf64_Word ShType, Elf64_Xword ShFlags,
             Elf64_Xword ShAddralign, Elf64_Xword ShEntsize)
      : Name(Name), Header() {
    Header.sh_type = ShType;
    Header.sh_flags = ShFlags;
    Header.sh_addralign = ShAddralign;
    Header.sh_entsize = ShEntsize;
  }

  // Set the section number/index after it is finally known.
  void setNumber(SizeT N) {
    // Should only set the number once: from NoSectionNumber -> N.
    assert(Number == NoSectionNumber);
    Number = N;
  }
  SizeT getNumber() const {
    assert(Number != NoSectionNumber);
    return Number;
  }

  void setSize(Elf64_Xword sh_size) { Header.sh_size = sh_size; }
  SizeT getCurrentSize() const { return Header.sh_size; }

  void setNameStrIndex(Elf64_Word sh_name) { Header.sh_name = sh_name; }

  const IceString &getName() const { return Name; }

  void setLinkNum(Elf64_Word sh_link) { Header.sh_link = sh_link; }

  void setInfoNum(Elf64_Word sh_info) { Header.sh_info = sh_info; }

  void setFileOffset(Elf64_Off sh_offset) { Header.sh_offset = sh_offset; }

  Elf64_Xword getSectionAlign() const { return Header.sh_addralign; }

  // Write the section header out with the given streamer.
  template <bool IsELF64> void writeHeader(ELFStreamer &Str);

protected:
  ~ELFSection() = default;

  // Name of the section in convenient string form (instead of a index
  // into the Section Header String Table, which is not known till later).
  const IceString Name;

  // The fields of the header. May only be partially initialized, but should
  // be fully initialized before writing.
  Elf64_Shdr Header;

  // The number of the section after laying out sections.
  SizeT Number = NoSectionNumber;
};

// Models text/code sections. Code is written out incrementally and the
// size of the section is then updated incrementally.
class ELFTextSection : public ELFSection {
  ELFTextSection() = delete;
  ELFTextSection(const ELFTextSection &) = delete;
  ELFTextSection &operator=(const ELFTextSection &) = delete;

public:
  using ELFSection::ELFSection;

  void appendData(ELFStreamer &Str, const llvm::StringRef MoreData);
};

// Models data/rodata sections. Data is written out incrementally and the
// size of the section is then updated incrementally.
// Some rodata sections may have fixed entsize and duplicates may be mergeable.
class ELFDataSection : public ELFSection {
  ELFDataSection() = delete;
  ELFDataSection(const ELFDataSection &) = delete;
  ELFDataSection &operator=(const ELFDataSection &) = delete;

public:
  using ELFSection::ELFSection;

  void appendData(ELFStreamer &Str, const llvm::StringRef MoreData);

  void appendZeros(ELFStreamer &Str, SizeT NumBytes);

  void appendRelocationOffset(ELFStreamer &Str, bool IsRela,
                              RelocOffsetT RelocOffset);

  // Pad the next section offset for writing data elements to the requested
  // alignment. If the section is NOBITS then do not actually write out
  // the padding and only update the section size.
  void padToAlignment(ELFStreamer &Str, Elf64_Xword Align);
};

// Model of ELF symbol table entries. Besides keeping track of the fields
// required for an elf symbol table entry it also tracks the number that
// represents the symbol's final index in the symbol table.
struct ELFSym {
  Elf64_Sym Sym;
  ELFSection *Section;
  SizeT Number;

  // Sentinel value for symbols that haven't been assigned a number yet.
  // The dummy 0-th symbol will be assigned number 0, so don't use that.
  enum { UnknownNumber = std::numeric_limits<SizeT>::max() };

  void setNumber(SizeT N) {
    assert(Number == UnknownNumber);
    Number = N;
  }

  SizeT getNumber() const {
    assert(Number != UnknownNumber);
    return Number;
  }
};

// Models a symbol table. Symbols may be added up until updateIndices is
// called. At that point the indices of each symbol will be finalized.
class ELFSymbolTableSection : public ELFSection {
  ELFSymbolTableSection() = delete;
  ELFSymbolTableSection(const ELFSymbolTableSection &) = delete;
  ELFSymbolTableSection &operator=(const ELFSymbolTableSection &) = delete;

public:
  ELFSymbolTableSection(const IceString &Name, Elf64_Word ShType,
                        Elf64_Xword ShFlags, Elf64_Xword ShAddralign,
                        Elf64_Xword ShEntsize)
      : ELFSection(Name, ShType, ShFlags, ShAddralign, ShEntsize),
        NullSymbol(nullptr) {}

  // Create initial entry for a symbol when it is defined.
  // Each entry should only be defined once.
  // We might want to allow Name to be a dummy name initially, then
  // get updated to the real thing, since Data initializers are read
  // before the bitcode's symbol table is read.
  void createDefinedSym(const IceString &Name, uint8_t Type, uint8_t Binding,
                        ELFSection *Section, RelocOffsetT Offset, SizeT Size);

  // Note that a symbol table entry needs to be created for the given
  // symbol because it is undefined.
  void noteUndefinedSym(const IceString &Name, ELFSection *NullSection);

  const ELFSym *findSymbol(const IceString &Name) const;

  void createNullSymbol(ELFSection *NullSection);
  const ELFSym *getNullSymbol() const { return NullSymbol; }

  size_t getSectionDataSize() const {
    return (LocalSymbols.size() + GlobalSymbols.size()) * Header.sh_entsize;
  }

  size_t getNumLocals() const { return LocalSymbols.size(); }

  void updateIndices(const ELFStringTableSection *StrTab);

  void writeData(ELFStreamer &Str, bool IsELF64);

private:
  // Map from symbol name to its symbol information.
  // This assumes symbols are unique across all sections.
  typedef IceString SymtabKey;
  typedef std::map<SymtabKey, ELFSym> SymMap;

  template <bool IsELF64>
  void writeSymbolMap(ELFStreamer &Str, const SymMap &Map);

  const ELFSym *NullSymbol;
  // Keep Local and Global symbols separate, since the sh_info needs to
  // know the index of the last LOCAL.
  SymMap LocalSymbols;
  SymMap GlobalSymbols;
};

// Models a relocation section.
class ELFRelocationSection : public ELFSection {
  ELFRelocationSection() = delete;
  ELFRelocationSection(const ELFRelocationSection &) = delete;
  ELFRelocationSection &operator=(const ELFRelocationSection &) = delete;

public:
  ELFRelocationSection(const IceString &Name, Elf64_Word ShType,
                       Elf64_Xword ShFlags, Elf64_Xword ShAddralign,
                       Elf64_Xword ShEntsize)
      : ELFSection(Name, ShType, ShFlags, ShAddralign, ShEntsize),
        RelatedSection(nullptr) {}

  const ELFSection *getRelatedSection() const { return RelatedSection; }
  void setRelatedSection(const ELFSection *Section) {
    RelatedSection = Section;
  }

  // Track additional relocations which start out relative to offset 0,
  // but should be adjusted to be relative to BaseOff.
  void addRelocations(RelocOffsetT BaseOff, const FixupRefList &FixupRefs);

  // Track a single additional relocation.
  void addRelocation(const AssemblerFixup &Fixup) { Fixups.push_back(Fixup); }

  size_t getSectionDataSize() const;

  template <bool IsELF64>
  void writeData(const GlobalContext &Ctx, ELFStreamer &Str,
                 const ELFSymbolTableSection *SymTab);

  bool isRela() const { return Header.sh_type == SHT_RELA; }

private:
  const ELFSection *RelatedSection;
  FixupList Fixups;
};

// Models a string table.  The user will build the string table by
// adding strings incrementally.  At some point, all strings should be
// known and doLayout() should be called. After that, no other
// strings may be added.  However, the final offsets of the strings
// can be discovered and used to fill out section headers and symbol
// table entries.
class ELFStringTableSection : public ELFSection {
  ELFStringTableSection() = delete;
  ELFStringTableSection(const ELFStringTableSection &) = delete;
  ELFStringTableSection &operator=(const ELFStringTableSection &) = delete;

public:
  using ELFSection::ELFSection;

  // Add a string to the table, in preparation for final layout.
  void add(const IceString &Str);

  // Finalizes the layout of the string table and fills in the section Data.
  void doLayout();

  // The first byte of the string table should be \0, so it is an
  // invalid index.  Indices start out as unknown until layout is complete.
  enum { UnknownIndex = 0 };

  // Grabs the final index of a string after layout. Returns UnknownIndex
  // if the string's index is not found.
  size_t getIndex(const IceString &Str) const;

  llvm::StringRef getSectionData() const {
    assert(isLaidOut());
    return llvm::StringRef(reinterpret_cast<const char *>(StringData.data()),
                           StringData.size());
  }

  size_t getSectionDataSize() const { return getSectionData().size(); }

private:
  bool isLaidOut() const { return !StringData.empty(); }

  // Strings can share a string table entry if they share the same
  // suffix.  E.g., "pop" and "lollipop" can both use the characters
  // in "lollipop", but "pops" cannot, and "unpop" cannot either.
  // Though, "pop", "lollipop", and "unpop" share "pop" as the suffix,
  // "pop" can only share the characters with one of them.
  struct SuffixComparator {
    bool operator()(const IceString &StrA, const IceString &StrB) const;
  };

  typedef std::map<IceString, size_t, SuffixComparator> StringToIndexType;

  // Track strings to their index.  Index will be UnknownIndex if not
  // yet laid out.
  StringToIndexType StringToIndexMap;

  typedef std::vector<uint8_t> RawDataType;
  RawDataType StringData;
};

template <bool IsELF64> void ELFSection::writeHeader(ELFStreamer &Str) {
  Str.writeELFWord<IsELF64>(Header.sh_name);
  Str.writeELFWord<IsELF64>(Header.sh_type);
  Str.writeELFXword<IsELF64>(Header.sh_flags);
  Str.writeAddrOrOffset<IsELF64>(Header.sh_addr);
  Str.writeAddrOrOffset<IsELF64>(Header.sh_offset);
  Str.writeELFXword<IsELF64>(Header.sh_size);
  Str.writeELFWord<IsELF64>(Header.sh_link);
  Str.writeELFWord<IsELF64>(Header.sh_info);
  Str.writeELFXword<IsELF64>(Header.sh_addralign);
  Str.writeELFXword<IsELF64>(Header.sh_entsize);
}

template <bool IsELF64>
void ELFSymbolTableSection::writeSymbolMap(ELFStreamer &Str,
                                           const SymMap &Map) {
  // The order of the fields is different, so branch on IsELF64.
  if (IsELF64) {
    for (auto &KeyValue : Map) {
      const Elf64_Sym &SymInfo = KeyValue.second.Sym;
      Str.writeELFWord<IsELF64>(SymInfo.st_name);
      Str.write8(SymInfo.st_info);
      Str.write8(SymInfo.st_other);
      Str.writeLE16(SymInfo.st_shndx);
      Str.writeAddrOrOffset<IsELF64>(SymInfo.st_value);
      Str.writeELFXword<IsELF64>(SymInfo.st_size);
    }
  } else {
    for (auto &KeyValue : Map) {
      const Elf64_Sym &SymInfo = KeyValue.second.Sym;
      Str.writeELFWord<IsELF64>(SymInfo.st_name);
      Str.writeAddrOrOffset<IsELF64>(SymInfo.st_value);
      Str.writeELFWord<IsELF64>(SymInfo.st_size);
      Str.write8(SymInfo.st_info);
      Str.write8(SymInfo.st_other);
      Str.writeLE16(SymInfo.st_shndx);
    }
  }
}

template <bool IsELF64>
void ELFRelocationSection::writeData(const GlobalContext &Ctx, ELFStreamer &Str,
                                     const ELFSymbolTableSection *SymTab) {
  for (const AssemblerFixup &Fixup : Fixups) {
    const ELFSym *Symbol;
    if (Fixup.isNullSymbol())
      Symbol = SymTab->getNullSymbol();
    else
      Symbol = SymTab->findSymbol(Fixup.symbol(&Ctx));
    if (!Symbol)
      llvm::report_fatal_error("Missing symbol mentioned in reloc");

    if (IsELF64) {
      Elf64_Rela Rela;
      Rela.r_offset = Fixup.position();
      Rela.setSymbolAndType(Symbol->getNumber(), Fixup.kind());
      Rela.r_addend = Fixup.offset();
      Str.writeAddrOrOffset<IsELF64>(Rela.r_offset);
      Str.writeELFXword<IsELF64>(Rela.r_info);
      Str.writeELFXword<IsELF64>(Rela.r_addend);
    } else {
      Elf32_Rel Rel;
      Rel.r_offset = Fixup.position();
      Rel.setSymbolAndType(Symbol->getNumber(), Fixup.kind());
      Str.writeAddrOrOffset<IsELF64>(Rel.r_offset);
      Str.writeELFWord<IsELF64>(Rel.r_info);
    }
  }
}

} // end of namespace Ice

#endif // SUBZERO_SRC_ICEELFSECTION_H