coregrind/m_libcbase.c - platform/external/valgrind - Gitiles


 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /*--- Entirely standalone libc stuff.                 m_libcbase.c ---*/
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

 /*
    This file is part of Valgrind, a dynamic binary instrumentation
    framework.

    Copyright (C) 2000-2008 Julian Seward
       jseward@acm.org

    This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
    modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
    published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
    License, or (at your option) any later version.

    This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
    WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
    MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
    General Public License for more details.

    You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
    along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
    Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
    02111-1307, USA.

    The GNU General Public License is contained in the file COPYING.
 */

 #include "pub_core_basics.h"
 #include "pub_core_libcbase.h"

 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Char functions.
    ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

 Bool VG_(isspace) ( Char c )
 {
    return (c == ' '  || c == '\n' || c == '\t' ||
            c == '\f' || c == '\v' || c == '\r');
 }

 Bool VG_(isdigit) ( Char c )
 {
    return (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
 }

 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Converting strings to numbers
    ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

 static Bool is_oct_digit(Char c, Long* digit)
 {
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') { *digit = (Long)(c - '0'); return True; }
    return False;
 }

 static Bool is_dec_digit(Char c, Long* digit)
 {
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { *digit = (Long)(c - '0'); return True; }
    return False;
 }

 static Bool is_hex_digit(Char c, Long* digit)
 {
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { *digit = (Long)(c - '0');        return True; }
    if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') { *digit = (Long)((c - 'A') + 10); return True; }
    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') { *digit = (Long)((c - 'a') + 10); return True; }
    return False;
 }

 static Bool is_base36_digit(Char c, Long* digit)
 {
    if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { *digit = (Long)(c - '0');        return True; }
    if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') { *digit = (Long)((c - 'A') + 10); return True; }
    if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') { *digit = (Long)((c - 'a') + 10); return True; }
    return False;
 }

 Long VG_(strtoll8) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
 {
    Bool neg = False;
    Long n = 0, digit = 0;

    // Skip leading whitespace.
    while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

    // Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
    if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
    else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

    while (is_oct_digit(*str, &digit)) {
       n = 8*n + digit;
       str++;
    }

    if (neg) n = -n;
    if (endptr) *endptr = str;    // Record first failing character.
    return n;
 }

 Long VG_(strtoll10) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
 {
    Bool neg = False;
    Long n = 0, digit = 0;

    // Skip leading whitespace.
    while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

    // Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
    if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
    else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

    while (is_dec_digit(*str, &digit)) {
       n = 10*n + digit;
       str++;
    }

    if (neg) n = -n;
    if (endptr) *endptr = str;    // Record first failing character.
    return n;
 }

 Long VG_(strtoll16) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
 {
    Bool neg = False;
    Long n = 0, digit = 0;

    // Skip leading whitespace.
    while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

    // Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
    if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
    else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

    // Allow leading "0x", but only if there's a hex digit
    // following it.
    if (*str == '0'
     && (*(str+1) == 'x' || *(str+1) == 'X')
     && is_hex_digit( *(str+2), &digit )) {
       str += 2;
    }

    while (is_hex_digit(*str, &digit)) {
       n = 16*n + digit;
       str++;
    }

    if (neg) n = -n;
    if (endptr) *endptr = str;    // Record first failing character.
    return n;
 }

 Long VG_(strtoll36) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
 {
    Bool neg = False;
    Long n = 0, digit = 0;

    // Skip leading whitespace.
    while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

    // Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
    if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
    else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

    while (is_base36_digit(*str, &digit)) {
       n = 36*n + digit;
       str++;
    }

    if (neg) n = -n;
    if (endptr) *endptr = str;    // Record first failing character.
    return n;
 }

 double VG_(strtod) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
 {
    Bool neg = False;
    Long digit;
    double n = 0, frac = 0, x = 0.1;

    // Skip leading whitespace.
    while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

    // Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
    if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
    else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

    while (is_dec_digit(*str, &digit)) {
       n = 10*n + digit;
       str++;
    }

    if (*str == '.') {
       str++;
       while (is_dec_digit(*str, &digit)) {
          frac += x*digit;
          x /= 10;
          str++;
       }
    }

    n += frac;
    if (neg) n = -n;
    if (endptr) *endptr = str;    // Record first failing character.
    return n;
 }

 Long VG_(atoll) ( Char* str )
 {
    return VG_(strtoll10)(str, NULL);
 }

 Long VG_(atoll16) ( Char* str )
 {
    return VG_(strtoll16)(str, NULL);
 }

 Long VG_(atoll36) ( Char* str )
 {
    return VG_(strtoll36)(str, NULL);
 }

 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    String functions
    ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

 SizeT VG_(strlen) ( const Char* str )
 {
    SizeT i = 0;
    while (str[i] != 0) i++;
    return i;
 }

 Char* VG_(strcat) ( Char* dest, const Char* src )
 {
    Char* dest_orig = dest;
    while (*dest) dest++;
    while (*src) *dest++ = *src++;
    *dest = 0;
    return dest_orig;
 }

 Char* VG_(strncat) ( Char* dest, const Char* src, SizeT n )
 {
    Char* dest_orig = dest;
    while (*dest) dest++;
    while (*src && n > 0) { *dest++ = *src++; n--; }
    *dest = 0;
    return dest_orig;
 }

 Char* VG_(strpbrk) ( const Char* s, const Char* accept )
 {
    const Char* a;
    while (*s) {
       a = accept;
       while (*a)
          if (*a++ == *s)
             return (Char *) s;
       s++;
    }
    return NULL;
 }

 Char* VG_(strcpy) ( Char* dest, const Char* src )
 {
    Char* dest_orig = dest;
    while (*src) *dest++ = *src++;
    *dest = 0;
    return dest_orig;
 }

 /* Copy bytes, not overrunning the end of dest and always ensuring
    zero termination. */
 void VG_(strncpy_safely) ( Char* dest, const Char* src, SizeT ndest )
 {
    SizeT i = 0;
    while (True) {
       dest[i] = 0;
       if (src[i] == 0) return;
       if (i >= ndest-1) return;
       dest[i] = src[i];
       i++;
    }
 }

 Char* VG_(strncpy) ( Char* dest, const Char* src, SizeT ndest )
 {
    SizeT i = 0;
    while (True) {
       if (i >= ndest) return dest;     /* reached limit */
       dest[i] = src[i];
       if (src[i++] == 0) {
          /* reached NUL;  pad rest with zeroes as required */
          while (i < ndest) dest[i++] = 0;
          return dest;
       }
    }
 }

 Int VG_(strcmp) ( const Char* s1, const Char* s2 )
 {
    while (True) {
       if (*s1 == 0 && *s2 == 0) return 0;
       if (*s1 == 0) return -1;
       if (*s2 == 0) return 1;

       if (*(UChar*)s1 < *(UChar*)s2) return -1;
       if (*(UChar*)s1 > *(UChar*)s2) return 1;

       s1++; s2++;
    }
 }

 static Bool isterm ( Char c )
 {
    return ( VG_(isspace)(c) || 0 == c );
 }

 Int VG_(strcmp_ws) ( const Char* s1, const Char* s2 )
 {
    while (True) {
       if (isterm(*s1) && isterm(*s2)) return 0;
       if (isterm(*s1)) return -1;
       if (isterm(*s2)) return 1;

       if (*(UChar*)s1 < *(UChar*)s2) return -1;
       if (*(UChar*)s1 > *(UChar*)s2) return 1;

       s1++; s2++;
    }
 }

 Int VG_(strncmp) ( const Char* s1, const Char* s2, SizeT nmax )
 {
    SizeT n = 0;
    while (True) {
       if (n >= nmax) return 0;
       if (*s1 == 0 && *s2 == 0) return 0;
       if (*s1 == 0) return -1;
       if (*s2 == 0) return 1;

       if (*(UChar*)s1 < *(UChar*)s2) return -1;
       if (*(UChar*)s1 > *(UChar*)s2) return 1;

       s1++; s2++; n++;
    }
 }

 Int VG_(strncmp_ws) ( const Char* s1, const Char* s2, SizeT nmax )
 {
    Int n = 0;
    while (True) {
       if (n >= nmax) return 0;
       if (isterm(*s1) && isterm(*s2)) return 0;
       if (isterm(*s1)) return -1;
       if (isterm(*s2)) return 1;

       if (*(UChar*)s1 < *(UChar*)s2) return -1;
       if (*(UChar*)s1 > *(UChar*)s2) return 1;

       s1++; s2++; n++;
    }
 }

 Char* VG_(strstr) ( const Char* haystack, Char* needle )
 {
    SizeT n;
    if (haystack == NULL)
       return NULL;
    n = VG_(strlen)(needle);
    while (True) {
       if (haystack[0] == 0)
          return NULL;
       if (VG_(strncmp)(haystack, needle, n) == 0)
          return (Char*)haystack;
       haystack++;
    }
 }

 Char* VG_(strchr) ( const Char* s, Char c )
 {
    while (True) {
       if (*s == c) return (Char*)s;
       if (*s == 0) return NULL;
       s++;
    }
 }

 Char* VG_(strrchr) ( const Char* s, Char c )
 {
    Int n = VG_(strlen)(s);
    while (--n > 0) {
       if (s[n] == c) return (Char*)s + n;
    }
    return NULL;
 }

 SizeT VG_(strspn) ( const Char* s, const Char* accept )
 {
    const Char *p, *a;
    SizeT count = 0;
    for (p = s; *p != '\0'; ++p) {
       for (a = accept; *a != '\0'; ++a)
          if (*p == *a)
             break;
       if (*a == '\0')
          return count;
       else
          ++count;
    }
    return count;
 }

 SizeT VG_(strcspn) ( const Char* s, const char* reject )
 {
    SizeT count = 0;
    while (*s != '\0') {
       if (VG_(strchr) (reject, *s++) == NULL)
          ++count;
       else
          return count;
    }
    return count;
 }


 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    A simple string matching routine, purloined from Hugs98.
       '*'    matches any sequence of zero or more characters
       '?'    matches any single character exactly
       '\c'   matches the character c only (ignoring special chars)
       c      matches the character c only
    ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

 /* Keep track of recursion depth. */
 static Int recDepth;

 // Nb: vg_assert disabled because we can't use it from this module...
 static Bool string_match_wrk ( const Char* pat, const Char* str )
 {
    //vg_assert(recDepth >= 0 && recDepth < 500);
    recDepth++;
    for (;;) {
       switch (*pat) {
       case '\0':recDepth--;
                 return (*str=='\0');
       case '*': do {
                    if (string_match_wrk(pat+1,str)) {
                       recDepth--;
                       return True;
                    }
                 } while (*str++);
                 recDepth--;
                 return False;
       case '?': if (*str++=='\0') {
                    recDepth--;
                    return False;
                 }
                 pat++;
                 break;
       case '\\':if (*++pat == '\0') {
                    recDepth--;
                    return False; /* spurious trailing \ in pattern */
                 }
                 /* falls through to ... */
       default : if (*pat++ != *str++) {
                    recDepth--;
                    return False;
                 }
                 break;
       }
    }
 }

 Bool VG_(string_match) ( const Char* pat, const Char* str )
 {
    Bool b;
    recDepth = 0;
    b = string_match_wrk ( pat, str );
    //vg_assert(recDepth == 0);
    /*
    VG_(printf)("%s   %s   %s\n",
 	       b?"TRUE ":"FALSE", pat, str);
    */
    return b;
 }


 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    mem* functions
    ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

 void* VG_(memcpy) ( void *dest, const void *src, SizeT sz )
 {
    const UChar* s  = (const UChar*)src;
          UChar* d  =       (UChar*)dest;
    const UInt*  sI = (const UInt*)src;
          UInt*  dI =       (UInt*)dest;

    if (VG_IS_4_ALIGNED(dI) && VG_IS_4_ALIGNED(sI)) {
       while (sz >= 16) {
          dI[0] = sI[0];
          dI[1] = sI[1];
          dI[2] = sI[2];
          dI[3] = sI[3];
          sz -= 16;
          dI += 4;
          sI += 4;
       }
       if (sz == 0)
          return dest;
       while (sz >= 4) {
          dI[0] = sI[0];
          sz -= 4;
          dI += 1;
          sI += 1;
       }
       if (sz == 0)
          return dest;
       s = (const UChar*)sI;
       d = (UChar*)dI;
    }

    while (sz--)
       *d++ = *s++;

    return dest;
 }

 void* VG_(memmove)(void *dest, const void *src, SizeT sz)
 {
    SizeT i;
    if (sz == 0)
       return dest;
    if (dest < src) {
       for (i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
          ((UChar*)dest)[i] = ((UChar*)src)[i];
       }
    }
    else if (dest > src) {
       for (i = sz - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
          ((UChar*)dest)[i] = ((UChar*)src)[i];
       }
    }
    return dest;
 }

 void* VG_(memset) ( void *destV, Int c, SizeT sz )
 {
    Int   c4;
    Char* d = (Char*)destV;
    while ((!VG_IS_4_ALIGNED(d)) && sz >= 1) {
       d[0] = c;
       d++;
       sz--;
    }
    if (sz == 0)
       return destV;
    c4 = c & 0xFF;
    c4 |= (c4 << 8);
    c4 |= (c4 << 16);
    while (sz >= 16) {
       ((Int*)d)[0] = c4;
       ((Int*)d)[1] = c4;
       ((Int*)d)[2] = c4;
       ((Int*)d)[3] = c4;
       d += 16;
       sz -= 16;
    }
    while (sz >= 4) {
       ((Int*)d)[0] = c4;
       d += 4;
       sz -= 4;
    }
    while (sz >= 1) {
       d[0] = c;
       d++;
       sz--;
    }
    return destV;
 }

 Int VG_(memcmp) ( const void* s1, const void* s2, SizeT n )
 {
    Int res;
    const UChar *p1 = s1;
    const UChar *p2 = s2;
    UChar a0;
    UChar b0;

    while (n != 0) {
       a0 = p1[0];
       b0 = p2[0];
       p1 += 1;
       p2 += 1;
       res = a0 - b0;
       if (res != 0)
          return res;
       n -= 1;
    }
    return 0;
 }

 /* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
    Misc useful functions
    ------------------------------------------------------------------ */

 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /// begin Bentley-McIlroy style quicksort
 /// See "Engineering a Sort Function".  Jon L Bentley, M. Douglas
 /// McIlroy.  Software Practice and Experience Vol 23(11), Nov 1993.

 #define BM_MIN(a, b)                                     \
    (a) < (b) ? a : b

 #define BM_SWAPINIT(a, es)                               \
    swaptype =   ((a-(Char*)0) | es) % sizeof(Word)  ? 2  \
               : es > (SizeT)sizeof(Word) ? 1             \
               : 0

 #define BM_EXCH(a, b, t)                                 \
    (t = a, a = b, b = t)

 #define BM_SWAP(a, b)                                    \
    swaptype != 0                                         \
       ? bm_swapfunc(a, b, es, swaptype)                  \
       : (void)BM_EXCH(*(Word*)(a), *(Word*)(b), t)

 #define BM_VECSWAP(a, b, n)                              \
    if (n > 0) bm_swapfunc(a, b, n, swaptype)

 #define BM_PVINIT(pv, pm)                                \
    if (swaptype != 0)                                    \
       pv = a, BM_SWAP(pv, pm);                           \
    else                                                  \
       pv = (Char*)&v, v = *(Word*)pm

 static Char* bm_med3 ( Char* a, Char* b, Char* c,
                        Int (*cmp)(void*,void*) ) {
    return cmp(a, b) < 0
           ? (cmp(b, c) < 0 ? b : cmp(a, c) < 0 ? c : a)
           : (cmp(b, c) > 0 ? b : cmp(a, c) > 0 ? c : a);
 }

 static void bm_swapfunc ( Char* a, Char* b, SizeT n, Int swaptype )
 {
    if (swaptype <= 1) {
       Word t;
       for ( ; n > 0; a += sizeof(Word), b += sizeof(Word),
                                         n -= sizeof(Word))
          BM_EXCH(*(Word*)a, *(Word*)b, t);
    } else {
       Char t;
       for ( ; n > 0; a += 1, b += 1, n -= 1)
          BM_EXCH(*a, *b, t);
    }
 }

 static void bm_qsort ( Char* a, SizeT n, SizeT es,
                        Int (*cmp)(void*,void*) )
 {
    Char  *pa, *pb, *pc, *pd, *pl, *pm, *pn, *pv;
    Int   r, swaptype;
    Word  t, v;
    SizeT s, s1, s2;
   tailcall:
    BM_SWAPINIT(a, es);
    if (n < 7) {
       for (pm = a + es; pm < a + n*es; pm += es)
          for (pl = pm; pl > a && cmp(pl-es, pl) > 0; pl -= es)
             BM_SWAP(pl, pl-es);
       return;
    }
    pm = a + (n/2)*es;
    if (n > 7) {
       pl = a;
       pn = a + (n-1)*es;
       if (n > 40) {
          s = (n/8)*es;
          pl = bm_med3(pl, pl+s, pl+2*s, cmp);
          pm = bm_med3(pm-s, pm, pm+s, cmp);
          pn = bm_med3(pn-2*s, pn-s, pn, cmp);
       }
       pm = bm_med3(pl, pm, pn, cmp);
    }
    BM_PVINIT(pv, pm);
    pa = pb = a;
    pc = pd = a + (n-1)*es;
    for (;;) {
       while (pb <= pc && (r = cmp(pb, pv)) <= 0) {
          if (r == 0) { BM_SWAP(pa, pb); pa += es; }
          pb += es;
       }
       while (pc >= pb && (r = cmp(pc, pv)) >= 0) {
          if (r == 0) { BM_SWAP(pc, pd); pd -= es; }
          pc -= es;
       }
       if (pb > pc) break;
       BM_SWAP(pb, pc);
       pb += es;
       pc -= es;
    }
    pn = a + n*es;
    s = BM_MIN(pa-a,  pb-pa   ); BM_VECSWAP(a,  pb-s, s);
    s = BM_MIN(pd-pc, pn-pd-es); BM_VECSWAP(pb, pn-s, s);
    /* Now recurse.  Do the smaller partition first with an explicit
       recursion, then do the larger partition using a tail call.
       Except we can't rely on gcc to implement a tail call in any sane
       way, so simply jump back to the start.  This guarantees stack
       growth can never exceed O(log N) even in the worst case. */
    s1 = pb-pa;
    s2 = pd-pc;
    if (s1 < s2) {
       if (s1 > es) {
          bm_qsort(a, s1/es, es, cmp);
       }
       if (s2 > es) {
          /* bm_qsort(pn-s2, s2/es, es, cmp); */
          a = pn-s2; n = s2/es; es = es; cmp = cmp;
          goto tailcall;
       }
    } else {
       if (s2 > es) {
          bm_qsort(pn-s2, s2/es, es, cmp);
       }
       if (s1 > es) {
          /* bm_qsort(a, s1/es, es, cmp); */
          a = a; n = s1/es; es = es; cmp = cmp;
          goto tailcall;
       }
    }
 }

 #undef BM_MIN
 #undef BM_SWAPINIT
 #undef BM_EXCH
 #undef BM_SWAP
 #undef BM_VECSWAP
 #undef BM_PVINIT

 /// end Bentley-McIlroy style quicksort
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
 /////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

 /* Returns the base-2 logarithm of x.  Returns -1 if x is not a power
    of two. */
 Int VG_(log2) ( UInt x )
 {
    Int i;
    /* Any more than 32 and we overflow anyway... */
    for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
       if ((1U << i) == x) return i;
    }
    return -1;
 }


 // Generic quick sort.
 void VG_(ssort)( void* base, SizeT nmemb, SizeT size,
                  Int (*compar)(void*, void*) )
 {
    bm_qsort(base,nmemb,size,compar);
 }


 // This random number generator is based on the one suggested in Kernighan
 // and Ritchie's "The C Programming Language".

 // A pseudo-random number generator returning a random UInt.  If pSeed
 // is NULL, it uses its own seed, which starts at zero.  If pSeed is
 // non-NULL, it uses and updates whatever pSeed points at.

 static UInt seed = 0;

 UInt VG_(random)( /*MOD*/UInt* pSeed )
 {
    if (pSeed == NULL)
       pSeed = &seed;

    *pSeed = (1103515245 * *pSeed + 12345);
    return *pSeed;
 }

 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/
 /*--- end                                                          ---*/
 /*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/

	/--------------------------------------------------------------------/
	/--- Entirely standalone libc stuff. m_libcbase.c ---/
	/--------------------------------------------------------------------/

	/*
	This file is part of Valgrind, a dynamic binary instrumentation
	framework.

	Copyright (C) 2000-2008 Julian Seward
	jseward@acm.org

	This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
	modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as
	published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
	License, or (at your option) any later version.

	This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
	WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
	MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
	General Public License for more details.

	You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
	along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
	Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA
	02111-1307, USA.

	The GNU General Public License is contained in the file COPYING.
	*/

	#include "pub_core_basics.h"
	#include "pub_core_libcbase.h"

	/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	Char functions.
	------------------------------------------------------------------ */

	Bool VG_(isspace) ( Char c )
	{
	return (c == ' ' \|\| c == '\n' \|\| c == '\t' \|\|
	c == '\f' \|\| c == '\v' \|\| c == '\r');
	}

	Bool VG_(isdigit) ( Char c )
	{
	return (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
	}

	/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	Converting strings to numbers
	------------------------------------------------------------------ */

	static Bool is_oct_digit(Char c, Long* digit)
	{
	if (c >= '0' && c <= '7') { *digit = (Long)(c - '0'); return True; }
	return False;
	}

	static Bool is_dec_digit(Char c, Long* digit)
	{
	if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { *digit = (Long)(c - '0'); return True; }
	return False;
	}

	static Bool is_hex_digit(Char c, Long* digit)
	{
	if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { *digit = (Long)(c - '0'); return True; }
	if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') { *digit = (Long)((c - 'A') + 10); return True; }
	if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') { *digit = (Long)((c - 'a') + 10); return True; }
	return False;
	}

	static Bool is_base36_digit(Char c, Long* digit)
	{
	if (c >= '0' && c <= '9') { *digit = (Long)(c - '0'); return True; }
	if (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') { *digit = (Long)((c - 'A') + 10); return True; }
	if (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') { *digit = (Long)((c - 'a') + 10); return True; }
	return False;
	}

	Long VG_(strtoll8) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
	{
	Bool neg = False;
	Long n = 0, digit = 0;

	// Skip leading whitespace.
	while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

	// Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
	if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
	else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

	while (is_oct_digit(*str, &digit)) {
	n = 8*n + digit;
	str++;
	}

	if (neg) n = -n;
	if (endptr) *endptr = str; // Record first failing character.
	return n;
	}

	Long VG_(strtoll10) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
	{
	Bool neg = False;
	Long n = 0, digit = 0;

	// Skip leading whitespace.
	while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

	// Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
	if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
	else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

	while (is_dec_digit(*str, &digit)) {
	n = 10*n + digit;
	str++;
	}

	if (neg) n = -n;
	if (endptr) *endptr = str; // Record first failing character.
	return n;
	}

	Long VG_(strtoll16) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
	{
	Bool neg = False;
	Long n = 0, digit = 0;

	// Skip leading whitespace.
	while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

	// Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
	if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
	else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

	// Allow leading "0x", but only if there's a hex digit
	// following it.
	if (*str == '0'
	&& ((str+1) == 'x' \|\| (str+1) == 'X')
	&& is_hex_digit( *(str+2), &digit )) {
	str += 2;
	}

	while (is_hex_digit(*str, &digit)) {
	n = 16*n + digit;
	str++;
	}

	if (neg) n = -n;
	if (endptr) *endptr = str; // Record first failing character.
	return n;
	}

	Long VG_(strtoll36) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
	{
	Bool neg = False;
	Long n = 0, digit = 0;

	// Skip leading whitespace.
	while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

	// Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
	if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
	else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

	while (is_base36_digit(*str, &digit)) {
	n = 36*n + digit;
	str++;
	}

	if (neg) n = -n;
	if (endptr) *endptr = str; // Record first failing character.
	return n;
	}

	double VG_(strtod) ( Char* str, Char** endptr )
	{
	Bool neg = False;
	Long digit;
	double n = 0, frac = 0, x = 0.1;

	// Skip leading whitespace.
	while (VG_(isspace)(*str)) str++;

	// Allow a leading '-' or '+'.
	if (*str == '-') { str++; neg = True; }
	else if (*str == '+') { str++; }

	while (is_dec_digit(*str, &digit)) {
	n = 10*n + digit;
	str++;
	}

	if (*str == '.') {
	str++;
	while (is_dec_digit(*str, &digit)) {
	frac += x*digit;
	x /= 10;
	str++;
	}
	}

	n += frac;
	if (neg) n = -n;
	if (endptr) *endptr = str; // Record first failing character.
	return n;
	}

	Long VG_(atoll) ( Char* str )
	{
	return VG_(strtoll10)(str, NULL);
	}

	Long VG_(atoll16) ( Char* str )
	{
	return VG_(strtoll16)(str, NULL);
	}

	Long VG_(atoll36) ( Char* str )
	{
	return VG_(strtoll36)(str, NULL);
	}

	/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	String functions
	------------------------------------------------------------------ */

	SizeT VG_(strlen) ( const Char* str )
	{
	SizeT i = 0;
	while (str[i] != 0) i++;
	return i;
	}

	Char* VG_(strcat) ( Char* dest, const Char* src )
	{
	Char* dest_orig = dest;
	while (*dest) dest++;
	while (src) dest++ = *src++;
	*dest = 0;
	return dest_orig;
	}

	Char* VG_(strncat) ( Char* dest, const Char* src, SizeT n )
	{
	Char* dest_orig = dest;
	while (*dest) dest++;
	while (src && n > 0) { dest++ = *src++; n--; }
	*dest = 0;
	return dest_orig;
	}

	Char* VG_(strpbrk) ( const Char* s, const Char* accept )
	{
	const Char* a;
	while (*s) {
	a = accept;
	while (*a)
	if (a++ == s)
	return (Char *) s;
	s++;
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	Char* VG_(strcpy) ( Char* dest, const Char* src )
	{
	Char* dest_orig = dest;
	while (src) dest++ = *src++;
	*dest = 0;
	return dest_orig;
	}

	/* Copy bytes, not overrunning the end of dest and always ensuring
	zero termination. */
	void VG_(strncpy_safely) ( Char* dest, const Char* src, SizeT ndest )
	{
	SizeT i = 0;
	while (True) {
	dest[i] = 0;
	if (src[i] == 0) return;
	if (i >= ndest-1) return;
	dest[i] = src[i];
	i++;
	}
	}

	Char* VG_(strncpy) ( Char* dest, const Char* src, SizeT ndest )
	{
	SizeT i = 0;
	while (True) {
	if (i >= ndest) return dest; /* reached limit */
	dest[i] = src[i];
	if (src[i++] == 0) {
	/* reached NUL; pad rest with zeroes as required */
	while (i < ndest) dest[i++] = 0;
	return dest;
	}
	}
	}

	Int VG_(strcmp) ( const Char* s1, const Char* s2 )
	{
	while (True) {
	if (s1 == 0 && s2 == 0) return 0;
	if (*s1 == 0) return -1;
	if (*s2 == 0) return 1;

	if ((UChar)s1 < (UChar)s2) return -1;
	if ((UChar)s1 > (UChar)s2) return 1;

	s1++; s2++;
	}
	}

	static Bool isterm ( Char c )
	{
	return ( VG_(isspace)(c) \|\| 0 == c );
	}

	Int VG_(strcmp_ws) ( const Char* s1, const Char* s2 )
	{
	while (True) {
	if (isterm(s1) && isterm(s2)) return 0;
	if (isterm(*s1)) return -1;
	if (isterm(*s2)) return 1;

	if ((UChar)s1 < (UChar)s2) return -1;
	if ((UChar)s1 > (UChar)s2) return 1;

	s1++; s2++;
	}
	}

	Int VG_(strncmp) ( const Char* s1, const Char* s2, SizeT nmax )
	{
	SizeT n = 0;
	while (True) {
	if (n >= nmax) return 0;
	if (s1 == 0 && s2 == 0) return 0;
	if (*s1 == 0) return -1;
	if (*s2 == 0) return 1;

	if ((UChar)s1 < (UChar)s2) return -1;
	if ((UChar)s1 > (UChar)s2) return 1;

	s1++; s2++; n++;
	}
	}

	Int VG_(strncmp_ws) ( const Char* s1, const Char* s2, SizeT nmax )
	{
	Int n = 0;
	while (True) {
	if (n >= nmax) return 0;
	if (isterm(s1) && isterm(s2)) return 0;
	if (isterm(*s1)) return -1;
	if (isterm(*s2)) return 1;

	if ((UChar)s1 < (UChar)s2) return -1;
	if ((UChar)s1 > (UChar)s2) return 1;

	s1++; s2++; n++;
	}
	}

	Char* VG_(strstr) ( const Char* haystack, Char* needle )
	{
	SizeT n;
	if (haystack == NULL)
	return NULL;
	n = VG_(strlen)(needle);
	while (True) {
	if (haystack[0] == 0)
	return NULL;
	if (VG_(strncmp)(haystack, needle, n) == 0)
	return (Char*)haystack;
	haystack++;
	}
	}

	Char* VG_(strchr) ( const Char* s, Char c )
	{
	while (True) {
	if (s == c) return (Char)s;
	if (*s == 0) return NULL;
	s++;
	}
	}

	Char* VG_(strrchr) ( const Char* s, Char c )
	{
	Int n = VG_(strlen)(s);
	while (--n > 0) {
	if (s[n] == c) return (Char*)s + n;
	}
	return NULL;
	}

	SizeT VG_(strspn) ( const Char* s, const Char* accept )
	{
	const Char p, a;
	SizeT count = 0;
	for (p = s; *p != '\0'; ++p) {
	for (a = accept; *a != '\0'; ++a)
	if (p == a)
	break;
	if (*a == '\0')
	return count;
	else
	++count;
	}
	return count;
	}

	SizeT VG_(strcspn) ( const Char* s, const char* reject )
	{
	SizeT count = 0;
	while (*s != '\0') {
	if (VG_(strchr) (reject, *s++) == NULL)
	++count;
	else
	return count;
	}
	return count;
	}


	/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	A simple string matching routine, purloined from Hugs98.
	'*' matches any sequence of zero or more characters
	'?' matches any single character exactly
	'\c' matches the character c only (ignoring special chars)
	c matches the character c only
	------------------------------------------------------------------ */

	/* Keep track of recursion depth. */
	static Int recDepth;

	// Nb: vg_assert disabled because we can't use it from this module...
	static Bool string_match_wrk ( const Char* pat, const Char* str )
	{
	//vg_assert(recDepth >= 0 && recDepth < 500);
	recDepth++;
	for (;;) {
	switch (*pat) {
	case '\0':recDepth--;
	return (*str=='\0');
	case '*': do {
	if (string_match_wrk(pat+1,str)) {
	recDepth--;
	return True;
	}
	} while (*str++);
	recDepth--;
	return False;
	case '?': if (*str++=='\0') {
	recDepth--;
	return False;
	}
	pat++;
	break;
	case '\\':if (*++pat == '\0') {
	recDepth--;
	return False; /* spurious trailing \ in pattern */
	}
	/* falls through to ... */
	default : if (pat++ != str++) {
	recDepth--;
	return False;
	}
	break;
	}
	}
	}

	Bool VG_(string_match) ( const Char* pat, const Char* str )
	{
	Bool b;
	recDepth = 0;
	b = string_match_wrk ( pat, str );
	//vg_assert(recDepth == 0);
	/*
	VG_(printf)("%s %s %s\n",
	b?"TRUE ":"FALSE", pat, str);
	*/
	return b;
	}


	/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	mem* functions
	------------------------------------------------------------------ */

	void* VG_(memcpy) ( void dest, const void src, SizeT sz )
	{
	const UChar* s = (const UChar*)src;
	UChar* d = (UChar*)dest;
	const UInt* sI = (const UInt*)src;
	UInt* dI = (UInt*)dest;

	if (VG_IS_4_ALIGNED(dI) && VG_IS_4_ALIGNED(sI)) {
	while (sz >= 16) {
	dI[0] = sI[0];
	dI[1] = sI[1];
	dI[2] = sI[2];
	dI[3] = sI[3];
	sz -= 16;
	dI += 4;
	sI += 4;
	}
	if (sz == 0)
	return dest;
	while (sz >= 4) {
	dI[0] = sI[0];
	sz -= 4;
	dI += 1;
	sI += 1;
	}
	if (sz == 0)
	return dest;
	s = (const UChar*)sI;
	d = (UChar*)dI;
	}

	while (sz--)
	d++ = s++;

	return dest;
	}

	void* VG_(memmove)(void dest, const void src, SizeT sz)
	{
	SizeT i;
	if (sz == 0)
	return dest;
	if (dest < src) {
	for (i = 0; i < sz; i++) {
	((UChar)dest)[i] = ((UChar)src)[i];
	}
	}
	else if (dest > src) {
	for (i = sz - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
	((UChar)dest)[i] = ((UChar)src)[i];
	}
	}
	return dest;
	}

	void* VG_(memset) ( void *destV, Int c, SizeT sz )
	{
	Int c4;
	Char* d = (Char*)destV;
	while ((!VG_IS_4_ALIGNED(d)) && sz >= 1) {
	d[0] = c;
	d++;
	sz--;
	}
	if (sz == 0)
	return destV;
	c4 = c & 0xFF;
	c4 \|= (c4 << 8);
	c4 \|= (c4 << 16);
	while (sz >= 16) {
	((Int*)d)[0] = c4;
	((Int*)d)[1] = c4;
	((Int*)d)[2] = c4;
	((Int*)d)[3] = c4;
	d += 16;
	sz -= 16;
	}
	while (sz >= 4) {
	((Int*)d)[0] = c4;
	d += 4;
	sz -= 4;
	}
	while (sz >= 1) {
	d[0] = c;
	d++;
	sz--;
	}
	return destV;
	}

	Int VG_(memcmp) ( const void* s1, const void* s2, SizeT n )
	{
	Int res;
	const UChar *p1 = s1;
	const UChar *p2 = s2;
	UChar a0;
	UChar b0;

	while (n != 0) {
	a0 = p1[0];
	b0 = p2[0];
	p1 += 1;
	p2 += 1;
	res = a0 - b0;
	if (res != 0)
	return res;
	n -= 1;
	}
	return 0;
	}

	/* ---------------------------------------------------------------------
	Misc useful functions
	------------------------------------------------------------------ */

	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	/// begin Bentley-McIlroy style quicksort
	/// See "Engineering a Sort Function". Jon L Bentley, M. Douglas
	/// McIlroy. Software Practice and Experience Vol 23(11), Nov 1993.

	#define BM_MIN(a, b) \
	(a) < (b) ? a : b

	#define BM_SWAPINIT(a, es) \
	swaptype = ((a-(Char*)0) \| es) % sizeof(Word) ? 2 \
	: es > (SizeT)sizeof(Word) ? 1 \
	: 0

	#define BM_EXCH(a, b, t) \
	(t = a, a = b, b = t)

	#define BM_SWAP(a, b) \
	swaptype != 0 \
	? bm_swapfunc(a, b, es, swaptype) \
	: (void)BM_EXCH((Word)(a), (Word)(b), t)

	#define BM_VECSWAP(a, b, n) \
	if (n > 0) bm_swapfunc(a, b, n, swaptype)

	#define BM_PVINIT(pv, pm) \
	if (swaptype != 0) \
	pv = a, BM_SWAP(pv, pm); \
	else \
	pv = (Char)&v, v = (Word*)pm

	static Char* bm_med3 ( Char* a, Char* b, Char* c,
	Int (cmp)(void,void*) ) {
	return cmp(a, b) < 0
	? (cmp(b, c) < 0 ? b : cmp(a, c) < 0 ? c : a)
	: (cmp(b, c) > 0 ? b : cmp(a, c) > 0 ? c : a);
	}

	static void bm_swapfunc ( Char* a, Char* b, SizeT n, Int swaptype )
	{
	if (swaptype <= 1) {
	Word t;
	for ( ; n > 0; a += sizeof(Word), b += sizeof(Word),
	n -= sizeof(Word))
	BM_EXCH((Word)a, (Word)b, t);
	} else {
	Char t;
	for ( ; n > 0; a += 1, b += 1, n -= 1)
	BM_EXCH(a, b, t);
	}
	}

	static void bm_qsort ( Char* a, SizeT n, SizeT es,
	Int (cmp)(void,void*) )
	{
	Char pa, pb, pc, pd, pl, pm, pn, pv;
	Int r, swaptype;
	Word t, v;
	SizeT s, s1, s2;
	tailcall:
	BM_SWAPINIT(a, es);
	if (n < 7) {
	for (pm = a + es; pm < a + n*es; pm += es)
	for (pl = pm; pl > a && cmp(pl-es, pl) > 0; pl -= es)
	BM_SWAP(pl, pl-es);
	return;
	}
	pm = a + (n/2)*es;
	if (n > 7) {
	pl = a;
	pn = a + (n-1)*es;
	if (n > 40) {
	s = (n/8)*es;
	pl = bm_med3(pl, pl+s, pl+2*s, cmp);
	pm = bm_med3(pm-s, pm, pm+s, cmp);
	pn = bm_med3(pn-2*s, pn-s, pn, cmp);
	}
	pm = bm_med3(pl, pm, pn, cmp);
	}
	BM_PVINIT(pv, pm);
	pa = pb = a;
	pc = pd = a + (n-1)*es;
	for (;;) {
	while (pb <= pc && (r = cmp(pb, pv)) <= 0) {
	if (r == 0) { BM_SWAP(pa, pb); pa += es; }
	pb += es;
	}
	while (pc >= pb && (r = cmp(pc, pv)) >= 0) {
	if (r == 0) { BM_SWAP(pc, pd); pd -= es; }
	pc -= es;
	}
	if (pb > pc) break;
	BM_SWAP(pb, pc);
	pb += es;
	pc -= es;
	}
	pn = a + n*es;
	s = BM_MIN(pa-a, pb-pa ); BM_VECSWAP(a, pb-s, s);
	s = BM_MIN(pd-pc, pn-pd-es); BM_VECSWAP(pb, pn-s, s);
	/* Now recurse. Do the smaller partition first with an explicit
	recursion, then do the larger partition using a tail call.
	Except we can't rely on gcc to implement a tail call in any sane
	way, so simply jump back to the start. This guarantees stack
	growth can never exceed O(log N) even in the worst case. */
	s1 = pb-pa;
	s2 = pd-pc;
	if (s1 < s2) {
	if (s1 > es) {
	bm_qsort(a, s1/es, es, cmp);
	}
	if (s2 > es) {
	/* bm_qsort(pn-s2, s2/es, es, cmp); */
	a = pn-s2; n = s2/es; es = es; cmp = cmp;
	goto tailcall;
	}
	} else {
	if (s2 > es) {
	bm_qsort(pn-s2, s2/es, es, cmp);
	}
	if (s1 > es) {
	/* bm_qsort(a, s1/es, es, cmp); */
	a = a; n = s1/es; es = es; cmp = cmp;
	goto tailcall;
	}
	}
	}

	#undef BM_MIN
	#undef BM_SWAPINIT
	#undef BM_EXCH
	#undef BM_SWAP
	#undef BM_VECSWAP
	#undef BM_PVINIT

	/// end Bentley-McIlroy style quicksort
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
	/////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

	/* Returns the base-2 logarithm of x. Returns -1 if x is not a power
	of two. */
	Int VG_(log2) ( UInt x )
	{
	Int i;
	/* Any more than 32 and we overflow anyway... */
	for (i = 0; i < 32; i++) {
	if ((1U << i) == x) return i;
	}
	return -1;
	}


	// Generic quick sort.
	void VG_(ssort)( void* base, SizeT nmemb, SizeT size,
	Int (compar)(void, void*) )
	{
	bm_qsort(base,nmemb,size,compar);
	}


	// This random number generator is based on the one suggested in Kernighan
	// and Ritchie's "The C Programming Language".

	// A pseudo-random number generator returning a random UInt. If pSeed
	// is NULL, it uses its own seed, which starts at zero. If pSeed is
	// non-NULL, it uses and updates whatever pSeed points at.

	static UInt seed = 0;

	UInt VG_(random)( /MOD/UInt* pSeed )
	{
	if (pSeed == NULL)
	pSeed = &seed;

	pSeed = (1103515245 *pSeed + 12345);
	return *pSeed;
	}

	/--------------------------------------------------------------------/
	/--- end ---/
	/--------------------------------------------------------------------/