modules/video_coding/rtp_frame_reference_finder.cc

/*
 *  Copyright (c) 2016 The WebRTC project authors. All Rights Reserved.
 *
 *  Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license
 *  that can be found in the LICENSE file in the root of the source
 *  tree. An additional intellectual property rights grant can be found
 *  in the file PATENTS.  All contributing project authors may
 *  be found in the AUTHORS file in the root of the source tree.
 */

#include "modules/video_coding/rtp_frame_reference_finder.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <limits>

#include "modules/video_coding/frame_object.h"
#include "modules/video_coding/packet_buffer.h"
#include "rtc_base/checks.h"
#include "rtc_base/logging.h"
#include "rtc_base/system/fallthrough.h"

namespace webrtc {
namespace video_coding {

RtpFrameReferenceFinder::RtpFrameReferenceFinder(
    OnCompleteFrameCallback* frame_callback)
    : last_picture_id_(-1),
      last_unwrap_(-1),
      current_ss_idx_(0),
      cleared_to_seq_num_(-1),
      frame_callback_(frame_callback) {}

void RtpFrameReferenceFinder::ManageFrame(
    std::unique_ptr<RtpFrameObject> frame) {
  rtc::CritScope lock(&crit_);

  // If we have cleared past this frame, drop it.
  if (cleared_to_seq_num_ != -1 &&
      AheadOf<uint16_t>(cleared_to_seq_num_, frame->first_seq_num())) {
    return;
  }

  FrameDecision decision = ManageFrameInternal(frame.get());

  switch (decision) {
    case kStash:
      if (stashed_frames_.size() > kMaxStashedFrames)
        stashed_frames_.pop_back();
      stashed_frames_.push_front(std::move(frame));
      break;
    case kHandOff:
      frame_callback_->OnCompleteFrame(std::move(frame));
      RetryStashedFrames();
      break;
    case kDrop:
      break;
  }
}

void RtpFrameReferenceFinder::RetryStashedFrames() {
  bool complete_frame = false;
  do {
    complete_frame = false;
    for (auto frame_it = stashed_frames_.begin();
         frame_it != stashed_frames_.end();) {
      FrameDecision decision = ManageFrameInternal(frame_it->get());

      switch (decision) {
        case kStash:
          ++frame_it;
          break;
        case kHandOff:
          complete_frame = true;
          frame_callback_->OnCompleteFrame(std::move(*frame_it));
          RTC_FALLTHROUGH();
        case kDrop:
          frame_it = stashed_frames_.erase(frame_it);
      }
    }
  } while (complete_frame);
}

RtpFrameReferenceFinder::FrameDecision
RtpFrameReferenceFinder::ManageFrameInternal(RtpFrameObject* frame) {
  switch (frame->codec_type()) {
    case kVideoCodecVP8:
      return ManageFrameVp8(frame);
    case kVideoCodecVP9:
      return ManageFrameVp9(frame);
    // Since the EndToEndTests use kVicdeoCodecUnknow we treat it the same as
    // kVideoCodecGeneric.
    // TODO(philipel): Take a look at the EndToEndTests and see if maybe they
    //                 should be changed to use kVideoCodecGeneric instead.
    case kVideoCodecUnknown:
    case kVideoCodecH264:
    case kVideoCodecI420:
    case kVideoCodecMultiplex:
    case kVideoCodecGeneric:
      return ManageFrameGeneric(frame, kNoPictureId);
  }

  // If not all code paths return a value it makes the win compiler sad.
  RTC_NOTREACHED();
  return kDrop;
}

void RtpFrameReferenceFinder::PaddingReceived(uint16_t seq_num) {
  rtc::CritScope lock(&crit_);
  auto clean_padding_to =
      stashed_padding_.lower_bound(seq_num - kMaxPaddingAge);
  stashed_padding_.erase(stashed_padding_.begin(), clean_padding_to);
  stashed_padding_.insert(seq_num);
  UpdateLastPictureIdWithPadding(seq_num);
  RetryStashedFrames();
}

void RtpFrameReferenceFinder::ClearTo(uint16_t seq_num) {
  rtc::CritScope lock(&crit_);
  cleared_to_seq_num_ = seq_num;

  auto it = stashed_frames_.begin();
  while (it != stashed_frames_.end()) {
    if (AheadOf<uint16_t>(cleared_to_seq_num_, (*it)->first_seq_num())) {
      it = stashed_frames_.erase(it);
    } else {
      ++it;
    }
  }
}

void RtpFrameReferenceFinder::UpdateLastPictureIdWithPadding(uint16_t seq_num) {
  auto gop_seq_num_it = last_seq_num_gop_.upper_bound(seq_num);

  // If this padding packet "belongs" to a group of pictures that we don't track
  // anymore, do nothing.
  if (gop_seq_num_it == last_seq_num_gop_.begin())
    return;
  --gop_seq_num_it;

  // Calculate the next contiuous sequence number and search for it in
  // the padding packets we have stashed.
  uint16_t next_seq_num_with_padding = gop_seq_num_it->second.second + 1;
  auto padding_seq_num_it =
      stashed_padding_.lower_bound(next_seq_num_with_padding);

  // While there still are padding packets and those padding packets are
  // continuous, then advance the "last-picture-id-with-padding" and remove
  // the stashed padding packet.
  while (padding_seq_num_it != stashed_padding_.end() &&
         *padding_seq_num_it == next_seq_num_with_padding) {
    gop_seq_num_it->second.second = next_seq_num_with_padding;
    ++next_seq_num_with_padding;
    padding_seq_num_it = stashed_padding_.erase(padding_seq_num_it);
  }

  // In the case where the stream has been continuous without any new keyframes
  // for a while there is a risk that new frames will appear to be older than
  // the keyframe they belong to due to wrapping sequence number. In order
  // to prevent this we advance the picture id of the keyframe every so often.
  if (ForwardDiff(gop_seq_num_it->first, seq_num) > 10000) {
    RTC_DCHECK_EQ(1ul, last_seq_num_gop_.size());
    last_seq_num_gop_[seq_num] = gop_seq_num_it->second;
    last_seq_num_gop_.erase(gop_seq_num_it);
  }
}

RtpFrameReferenceFinder::FrameDecision
RtpFrameReferenceFinder::ManageFrameGeneric(RtpFrameObject* frame,
                                            int picture_id) {
  // If |picture_id| is specified then we use that to set the frame references,
  // otherwise we use sequence number.
  if (picture_id != kNoPictureId) {
    if (last_unwrap_ == -1)
      last_unwrap_ = picture_id;

    frame->id.picture_id = unwrapper_.Unwrap(picture_id);
    frame->num_references = frame->frame_type() == kVideoFrameKey ? 0 : 1;
    frame->references[0] = frame->id.picture_id - 1;
    return kHandOff;
  }

  if (frame->frame_type() == kVideoFrameKey) {
    last_seq_num_gop_.insert(std::make_pair(
        frame->last_seq_num(),
        std::make_pair(frame->last_seq_num(), frame->last_seq_num())));
  }

  // We have received a frame but not yet a keyframe, stash this frame.
  if (last_seq_num_gop_.empty())
    return kStash;

  // Clean up info for old keyframes but make sure to keep info
  // for the last keyframe.
  auto clean_to = last_seq_num_gop_.lower_bound(frame->last_seq_num() - 100);
  for (auto it = last_seq_num_gop_.begin();
       it != clean_to && last_seq_num_gop_.size() > 1;) {
    it = last_seq_num_gop_.erase(it);
  }

  // Find the last sequence number of the last frame for the keyframe
  // that this frame indirectly references.
  auto seq_num_it = last_seq_num_gop_.upper_bound(frame->last_seq_num());
  if (seq_num_it == last_seq_num_gop_.begin()) {
    RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING) << "Generic frame with packet range ["
                        << frame->first_seq_num() << ", "
                        << frame->last_seq_num()
                        << "] has no GoP, dropping frame.";
    return kDrop;
  }
  seq_num_it--;

  // Make sure the packet sequence numbers are continuous, otherwise stash
  // this frame.
  uint16_t last_picture_id_gop = seq_num_it->second.first;
  uint16_t last_picture_id_with_padding_gop = seq_num_it->second.second;
  if (frame->frame_type() == kVideoFrameDelta) {
    uint16_t prev_seq_num = frame->first_seq_num() - 1;

    if (prev_seq_num != last_picture_id_with_padding_gop)
      return kStash;
  }

  RTC_DCHECK(AheadOrAt(frame->last_seq_num(), seq_num_it->first));

  // Since keyframes can cause reordering we can't simply assign the
  // picture id according to some incrementing counter.
  frame->id.picture_id = frame->last_seq_num();
  frame->num_references = frame->frame_type() == kVideoFrameDelta;
  frame->references[0] = generic_unwrapper_.Unwrap(last_picture_id_gop);
  if (AheadOf<uint16_t>(frame->id.picture_id, last_picture_id_gop)) {
    seq_num_it->second.first = frame->id.picture_id;
    seq_num_it->second.second = frame->id.picture_id;
  }

  last_picture_id_ = frame->id.picture_id;
  UpdateLastPictureIdWithPadding(frame->id.picture_id);
  frame->id.picture_id = generic_unwrapper_.Unwrap(frame->id.picture_id);
  return kHandOff;
}

RtpFrameReferenceFinder::FrameDecision RtpFrameReferenceFinder::ManageFrameVp8(
    RtpFrameObject* frame) {
  absl::optional<RTPVideoTypeHeader> rtp_codec_header = frame->GetCodecHeader();
  if (!rtp_codec_header) {
    RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING)
        << "Failed to get codec header from frame, dropping frame.";
    return kDrop;
  }

  const RTPVideoHeaderVP8& codec_header = rtp_codec_header->VP8;

  if (codec_header.pictureId == kNoPictureId ||
      codec_header.temporalIdx == kNoTemporalIdx ||
      codec_header.tl0PicIdx == kNoTl0PicIdx) {
    return ManageFrameGeneric(std::move(frame), codec_header.pictureId);
  }

  frame->id.picture_id = codec_header.pictureId % kPicIdLength;

  if (last_unwrap_ == -1)
    last_unwrap_ = codec_header.pictureId;

  if (last_picture_id_ == -1)
    last_picture_id_ = frame->id.picture_id;

  // Find if there has been a gap in fully received frames and save the picture
  // id of those frames in |not_yet_received_frames_|.
  if (AheadOf<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(frame->id.picture_id, last_picture_id_)) {
    do {
      last_picture_id_ = Add<kPicIdLength>(last_picture_id_, 1);
      not_yet_received_frames_.insert(last_picture_id_);
    } while (last_picture_id_ != frame->id.picture_id);
  }

  // Clean up info for base layers that are too old.
  uint8_t old_tl0_pic_idx = codec_header.tl0PicIdx - kMaxLayerInfo;
  auto clean_layer_info_to = layer_info_.lower_bound(old_tl0_pic_idx);
  layer_info_.erase(layer_info_.begin(), clean_layer_info_to);

  // Clean up info about not yet received frames that are too old.
  uint16_t old_picture_id =
      Subtract<kPicIdLength>(frame->id.picture_id, kMaxNotYetReceivedFrames);
  auto clean_frames_to = not_yet_received_frames_.lower_bound(old_picture_id);
  not_yet_received_frames_.erase(not_yet_received_frames_.begin(),
                                 clean_frames_to);

  if (frame->frame_type() == kVideoFrameKey) {
    frame->num_references = 0;
    layer_info_[codec_header.tl0PicIdx].fill(-1);
    UpdateLayerInfoVp8(frame, codec_header);
    return kHandOff;
  }

  auto layer_info_it = layer_info_.find(codec_header.temporalIdx == 0
                                            ? codec_header.tl0PicIdx - 1
                                            : codec_header.tl0PicIdx);

  // If we don't have the base layer frame yet, stash this frame.
  if (layer_info_it == layer_info_.end())
    return kStash;

  // A non keyframe base layer frame has been received, copy the layer info
  // from the previous base layer frame and set a reference to the previous
  // base layer frame.
  if (codec_header.temporalIdx == 0) {
    layer_info_it =
        layer_info_.emplace(codec_header.tl0PicIdx, layer_info_it->second)
            .first;
    frame->num_references = 1;
    frame->references[0] = layer_info_it->second[0];
    UpdateLayerInfoVp8(frame, codec_header);
    return kHandOff;
  }

  // Layer sync frame, this frame only references its base layer frame.
  if (codec_header.layerSync) {
    frame->num_references = 1;
    frame->references[0] = layer_info_it->second[0];

    UpdateLayerInfoVp8(frame, codec_header);
    return kHandOff;
  }

  // Find all references for this frame.
  frame->num_references = 0;
  for (uint8_t layer = 0; layer <= codec_header.temporalIdx; ++layer) {
    // If we have not yet received a previous frame on this temporal layer,
    // stash this frame.
    if (layer_info_it->second[layer] == -1)
      return kStash;

    // If the last frame on this layer is ahead of this frame it means that
    // a layer sync frame has been received after this frame for the same
    // base layer frame, drop this frame.
    if (AheadOf<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(layer_info_it->second[layer],
                                        frame->id.picture_id)) {
      return kDrop;
    }

    // If we have not yet received a frame between this frame and the referenced
    // frame then we have to wait for that frame to be completed first.
    auto not_received_frame_it =
        not_yet_received_frames_.upper_bound(layer_info_it->second[layer]);
    if (not_received_frame_it != not_yet_received_frames_.end() &&
        AheadOf<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(frame->id.picture_id,
                                        *not_received_frame_it)) {
      return kStash;
    }

    if (!(AheadOf<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(frame->id.picture_id,
                                          layer_info_it->second[layer]))) {
      RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING) << "Frame with picture id " << frame->id.picture_id
                          << " and packet range [" << frame->first_seq_num()
                          << ", " << frame->last_seq_num()
                          << "] already received, "
                          << " dropping frame.";
      return kDrop;
    }

    ++frame->num_references;
    frame->references[layer] = layer_info_it->second[layer];
  }

  UpdateLayerInfoVp8(frame, codec_header);
  return kHandOff;
}

void RtpFrameReferenceFinder::UpdateLayerInfoVp8(
    RtpFrameObject* frame,
    const RTPVideoHeaderVP8& codec_header) {
  uint8_t tl0_pic_idx = codec_header.tl0PicIdx;
  uint8_t temporal_index = codec_header.temporalIdx;
  auto layer_info_it = layer_info_.find(tl0_pic_idx);

  // Update this layer info and newer.
  while (layer_info_it != layer_info_.end()) {
    if (layer_info_it->second[temporal_index] != -1 &&
        AheadOf<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(layer_info_it->second[temporal_index],
                                        frame->id.picture_id)) {
      // The frame was not newer, then no subsequent layer info have to be
      // update.
      break;
    }

    layer_info_it->second[codec_header.temporalIdx] = frame->id.picture_id;
    ++tl0_pic_idx;
    layer_info_it = layer_info_.find(tl0_pic_idx);
  }
  not_yet_received_frames_.erase(frame->id.picture_id);

  UnwrapPictureIds(frame);
}

RtpFrameReferenceFinder::FrameDecision RtpFrameReferenceFinder::ManageFrameVp9(
    RtpFrameObject* frame) {
  absl::optional<RTPVideoTypeHeader> rtp_codec_header = frame->GetCodecHeader();
  if (!rtp_codec_header) {
    RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING)
        << "Failed to get codec header from frame, dropping frame.";
    return kDrop;
  }

  const RTPVideoHeaderVP9& codec_header = rtp_codec_header->VP9;

  if (codec_header.picture_id == kNoPictureId ||
      codec_header.temporal_idx == kNoTemporalIdx) {
    return ManageFrameGeneric(std::move(frame), codec_header.picture_id);
  }

  frame->id.spatial_layer = codec_header.spatial_idx;
  frame->inter_layer_predicted = codec_header.inter_layer_predicted;
  frame->id.picture_id = codec_header.picture_id % kPicIdLength;

  if (last_unwrap_ == -1)
    last_unwrap_ = codec_header.picture_id;

  if (last_picture_id_ == -1)
    last_picture_id_ = frame->id.picture_id;

  if (codec_header.flexible_mode) {
    frame->num_references = codec_header.num_ref_pics;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < frame->num_references; ++i) {
      frame->references[i] = Subtract<kPicIdLength>(frame->id.picture_id,
                                                    codec_header.pid_diff[i]);
    }

    UnwrapPictureIds(frame);
    return kHandOff;
  }

  GofInfo* info;
  if (codec_header.ss_data_available) {
    if (codec_header.temporal_idx != 0) {
      RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING) << "Received scalability structure on a non base "
                             "layer frame. Scalability structure ignored.";
    } else {
      current_ss_idx_ = Add<kMaxGofSaved>(current_ss_idx_, 1);
      if (codec_header.gof.num_frames_in_gof == 0 ||
          codec_header.gof.num_frames_in_gof > kMaxVp9FramesInGof) {
        return kDrop;
      }

      scalability_structures_[current_ss_idx_] = codec_header.gof;
      scalability_structures_[current_ss_idx_].pid_start = frame->id.picture_id;
      gof_info_.emplace(codec_header.tl0_pic_idx,
                        GofInfo(&scalability_structures_[current_ss_idx_],
                                frame->id.picture_id));
    }

    const auto gof_info_it = gof_info_.find(codec_header.tl0_pic_idx);
    if (gof_info_it == gof_info_.end())
      return kStash;

    info = &gof_info_it->second;

    if (frame->frame_type() == kVideoFrameKey) {
      frame->num_references = 0;
      FrameReceivedVp9(frame->id.picture_id, info);
      UnwrapPictureIds(frame);
      return kHandOff;
    }
  } else {
    if (frame->frame_type() == kVideoFrameKey) {
      RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING) << "Received keyframe without scalability structure";
      return kDrop;
    }

    auto gof_info_it = gof_info_.find((codec_header.temporal_idx == 0)
                                          ? codec_header.tl0_pic_idx - 1
                                          : codec_header.tl0_pic_idx);

    // Gof info for this frame is not available yet, stash this frame.
    if (gof_info_it == gof_info_.end())
      return kStash;

    if (codec_header.temporal_idx == 0) {
      gof_info_it =
          gof_info_
              .emplace(codec_header.tl0_pic_idx,
                       GofInfo(gof_info_it->second.gof, frame->id.picture_id))
              .first;
    }

    info = &gof_info_it->second;
  }

  // Clean up info for base layers that are too old.
  uint8_t old_tl0_pic_idx = codec_header.tl0_pic_idx - kMaxGofSaved;
  auto clean_gof_info_to = gof_info_.lower_bound(old_tl0_pic_idx);
  gof_info_.erase(gof_info_.begin(), clean_gof_info_to);

  FrameReceivedVp9(frame->id.picture_id, info);

  // Make sure we don't miss any frame that could potentially have the
  // up switch flag set.
  if (MissingRequiredFrameVp9(frame->id.picture_id, *info))
    return kStash;

  if (codec_header.temporal_up_switch)
    up_switch_.emplace(frame->id.picture_id, codec_header.temporal_idx);

  // Clean out old info about up switch frames.
  uint16_t old_picture_id = Subtract<kPicIdLength>(frame->id.picture_id, 50);
  auto up_switch_erase_to = up_switch_.lower_bound(old_picture_id);
  up_switch_.erase(up_switch_.begin(), up_switch_erase_to);

  size_t diff = ForwardDiff<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(info->gof->pid_start,
                                                    frame->id.picture_id);
  size_t gof_idx = diff % info->gof->num_frames_in_gof;

  // Populate references according to the scalability structure.
  frame->num_references = info->gof->num_ref_pics[gof_idx];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < frame->num_references; ++i) {
    frame->references[i] = Subtract<kPicIdLength>(
        frame->id.picture_id, info->gof->pid_diff[gof_idx][i]);

    // If this is a reference to a frame earlier than the last up switch point,
    // then ignore this reference.
    if (UpSwitchInIntervalVp9(frame->id.picture_id, codec_header.temporal_idx,
                              frame->references[i])) {
      --frame->num_references;
    }
  }

  UnwrapPictureIds(frame);
  return kHandOff;
}

bool RtpFrameReferenceFinder::MissingRequiredFrameVp9(uint16_t picture_id,
                                                      const GofInfo& info) {
  size_t diff =
      ForwardDiff<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(info.gof->pid_start, picture_id);
  size_t gof_idx = diff % info.gof->num_frames_in_gof;
  size_t temporal_idx = info.gof->temporal_idx[gof_idx];

  if (temporal_idx >= kMaxTemporalLayers) {
    RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING) << "At most " << kMaxTemporalLayers << " temporal "
                        << "layers are supported.";
    return true;
  }

  // For every reference this frame has, check if there is a frame missing in
  // the interval (|ref_pid|, |picture_id|) in any of the lower temporal
  // layers. If so, we are missing a required frame.
  uint8_t num_references = info.gof->num_ref_pics[gof_idx];
  for (size_t i = 0; i < num_references; ++i) {
    uint16_t ref_pid =
        Subtract<kPicIdLength>(picture_id, info.gof->pid_diff[gof_idx][i]);
    for (size_t l = 0; l < temporal_idx; ++l) {
      auto missing_frame_it = missing_frames_for_layer_[l].lower_bound(ref_pid);
      if (missing_frame_it != missing_frames_for_layer_[l].end() &&
          AheadOf<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(picture_id, *missing_frame_it)) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

void RtpFrameReferenceFinder::FrameReceivedVp9(uint16_t picture_id,
                                               GofInfo* info) {
  int last_picture_id = info->last_picture_id;
  size_t gof_size = std::min(info->gof->num_frames_in_gof, kMaxVp9FramesInGof);

  // If there is a gap, find which temporal layer the missing frames
  // belong to and add the frame as missing for that temporal layer.
  // Otherwise, remove this frame from the set of missing frames.
  if (AheadOf<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(picture_id, last_picture_id)) {
    size_t diff = ForwardDiff<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(info->gof->pid_start,
                                                      last_picture_id);
    size_t gof_idx = diff % gof_size;

    last_picture_id = Add<kPicIdLength>(last_picture_id, 1);
    while (last_picture_id != picture_id) {
      gof_idx = (gof_idx  + 1) % gof_size;
      RTC_CHECK(gof_idx < kMaxVp9FramesInGof);

      size_t temporal_idx = info->gof->temporal_idx[gof_idx];
      if (temporal_idx >= kMaxTemporalLayers) {
        RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING) << "At most " << kMaxTemporalLayers << " temporal "
                            << "layers are supported.";
        return;
      }

      missing_frames_for_layer_[temporal_idx].insert(last_picture_id);
      last_picture_id = Add<kPicIdLength>(last_picture_id, 1);
    }

    info->last_picture_id = last_picture_id;
  } else {
    size_t diff =
        ForwardDiff<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(info->gof->pid_start, picture_id);
    size_t gof_idx = diff % gof_size;
    RTC_CHECK(gof_idx < kMaxVp9FramesInGof);

    size_t temporal_idx = info->gof->temporal_idx[gof_idx];
    if (temporal_idx >= kMaxTemporalLayers) {
      RTC_LOG(LS_WARNING) << "At most " << kMaxTemporalLayers << " temporal "
                          << "layers are supported.";
      return;
    }

    missing_frames_for_layer_[temporal_idx].erase(picture_id);
  }
}

bool RtpFrameReferenceFinder::UpSwitchInIntervalVp9(uint16_t picture_id,
                                                    uint8_t temporal_idx,
                                                    uint16_t pid_ref) {
  for (auto up_switch_it = up_switch_.upper_bound(pid_ref);
       up_switch_it != up_switch_.end() &&
       AheadOf<uint16_t, kPicIdLength>(picture_id, up_switch_it->first);
       ++up_switch_it) {
    if (up_switch_it->second < temporal_idx)
      return true;
  }

  return false;
}

void RtpFrameReferenceFinder::UnwrapPictureIds(RtpFrameObject* frame) {
  for (size_t i = 0; i < frame->num_references; ++i)
    frame->references[i] = unwrapper_.Unwrap(frame->references[i]);
  frame->id.picture_id = unwrapper_.Unwrap(frame->id.picture_id);
}

}  // namespace video_coding
}  // namespace webrtc