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/*
* Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
*
* Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
* You may obtain a copy of the License at
*
* http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
* See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
* limitations under the License.
*/
package com.android.server.locksettings.recoverablekeystore;
import android.app.KeyguardManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.security.keystore.AndroidKeyStoreSecretKey;
import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties;
import android.security.keystore.KeyProtection;
import android.util.Log;
import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.util.Locale;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.security.auth.DestroyFailedException;
/**
* Manages creating and checking the validity of the platform key.
*
* <p>The platform key is used to wrap the material of recoverable keys before persisting them to
* disk. It is also used to decrypt the same keys on a screen unlock, before re-wrapping them with
* a recovery key and syncing them with remote storage.
*
* <p>Each platform key has two entries in AndroidKeyStore:
*
* <ul>
* <li>Encrypt entry - this entry enables the root user to at any time encrypt.
* <li>Decrypt entry - this entry enables the root user to decrypt only after recent user
* authentication, i.e., within 15 seconds after a screen unlock.
* </ul>
*
* <p>Both entries are enabled only for AES/GCM/NoPadding Cipher algorithm.
*
* @hide
*/
public class PlatformKeyManager {
private static final String TAG = "PlatformKeyManager";
private static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "AES";
private static final int KEY_SIZE_BITS = 256;
private static final String SHARED_PREFS_KEY_GENERATION_ID = "generationId";
private static final String SHARED_PREFS_PATH = "/system/recoverablekeystore/platform_keys.xml";
private static final String KEY_ALIAS_PREFIX =
"com.android.server.locksettings.recoverablekeystore/platform/";
private static final String ENCRYPT_KEY_ALIAS_SUFFIX = "encrypt";
private static final String DECRYPT_KEY_ALIAS_SUFFIX = "decrypt";
private static final int USER_AUTHENTICATION_VALIDITY_DURATION_SECONDS = 15;
private final Context mContext;
private final KeyStoreProxy mKeyStore;
private final SharedPreferences mSharedPreferences;
private final int mUserId;
private static final String ANDROID_KEY_STORE_PROVIDER = "AndroidKeyStore";
/**
* A new instance operating on behalf of {@code userId}, storing its prefs in the location
* defined by {@code context}.
*
* @param context This should be the context of the RecoverableKeyStoreLoader service.
* @param userId The ID of the user to whose lock screen the platform key must be bound.
* @throws KeyStoreException if failed to initialize AndroidKeyStore.
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if AES is unavailable - should never happen.
* @throws InsecureUserException if the user does not have a lock screen set.
* @throws SecurityException if the caller does not have permission to write to /data/system.
*
* @hide
*/
public static PlatformKeyManager getInstance(Context context, int userId)
throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InsecureUserException {
context = context.getApplicationContext();
File sharedPreferencesFile = new File(
Environment.getDataDirectory().getAbsoluteFile(), SHARED_PREFS_PATH);
sharedPreferencesFile.mkdirs();
PlatformKeyManager keyManager = new PlatformKeyManager(
userId,
context,
new KeyStoreProxyImpl(getAndLoadAndroidKeyStore()),
context.getSharedPreferences(sharedPreferencesFile, Context.MODE_PRIVATE));
keyManager.init();
return keyManager;
}
@VisibleForTesting
PlatformKeyManager(
int userId,
Context context,
KeyStoreProxy keyStore,
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences) {
mUserId = userId;
mKeyStore = keyStore;
mContext = context;
mSharedPreferences = sharedPreferences;
}
/**
* Returns the current generation ID of the platform key. This increments whenever a platform
* key has to be replaced. (e.g., because the user has removed and then re-added their lock
* screen).
*
* @hide
*/
public int getGenerationId() {
return mSharedPreferences.getInt(getGenerationIdKey(), 1);
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if the platform key is available. A platform key won't be available if
* the user has not set up a lock screen.
*
* @hide
*/
public boolean isAvailable() {
return mContext.getSystemService(KeyguardManager.class).isDeviceSecure(mUserId);
}
/**
* Generates a new key and increments the generation ID. Should be invoked if the platform key
* is corrupted and needs to be rotated.
*
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if AES is unavailable - should never happen.
* @throws KeyStoreException if there is an error in AndroidKeyStore.
*
* @hide
*/
public void regenerate() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException {
int generationId = getGenerationId();
generateAndLoadKey(generationId + 1);
setGenerationId(generationId + 1);
}
/**
* Returns the platform key used for encryption.
*
* @throws KeyStoreException if there was an AndroidKeyStore error.
* @throws UnrecoverableKeyException if the key could not be recovered.
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if AES is unavailable - should never occur.
*
* @hide
*/
public PlatformEncryptionKey getEncryptKey()
throws KeyStoreException, UnrecoverableKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
int generationId = getGenerationId();
AndroidKeyStoreSecretKey key = (AndroidKeyStoreSecretKey) mKeyStore.getKey(
getEncryptAlias(generationId), /*password=*/ null);
return new PlatformEncryptionKey(generationId, key);
}
/**
* Returns the platform key used for decryption. Only works after a recent screen unlock.
*
* @throws KeyStoreException if there was an AndroidKeyStore error.
* @throws UnrecoverableKeyException if the key could not be recovered.
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if AES is unavailable - should never occur.
*
* @hide
*/
public PlatformDecryptionKey getDecryptKey()
throws KeyStoreException, UnrecoverableKeyException, NoSuchAlgorithmException {
int generationId = getGenerationId();
AndroidKeyStoreSecretKey key = (AndroidKeyStoreSecretKey) mKeyStore.getKey(
getDecryptAlias(generationId), /*password=*/ null);
return new PlatformDecryptionKey(generationId, key);
}
/**
* Initializes the class. If there is no current platform key, and the user has a lock screen
* set, will create the platform key and set the generation ID.
*
* @throws KeyStoreException if there was an error in AndroidKeyStore.
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if AES is unavailable - should never happen.
*
* @hide
*/
public void init() throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, InsecureUserException {
if (!isAvailable()) {
throw new InsecureUserException(String.format(
Locale.US, "%d does not have a lock screen set.", mUserId));
}
int generationId = getGenerationId();
if (isKeyLoaded(generationId)) {
Log.i(TAG, String.format(
Locale.US, "Platform key generation %d exists already.", generationId));
return;
}
if (generationId == 1) {
Log.i(TAG, "Generating initial platform ID.");
} else {
Log.w(TAG, String.format(Locale.US, "Platform generation ID was %d but no "
+ "entry was present in AndroidKeyStore. Generating fresh key.", generationId));
}
generateAndLoadKey(generationId);
}
/**
* Returns the alias of the encryption key with the specific {@code generationId} in the
* AndroidKeyStore.
*
* <p>These IDs look as follows:
* {@code com.security.recoverablekeystore/platform/<user id>/<generation id>/encrypt}
*
* @param generationId The generation ID.
* @return The alias.
*/
private String getEncryptAlias(int generationId) {
return KEY_ALIAS_PREFIX + mUserId + "/" + generationId + "/" + ENCRYPT_KEY_ALIAS_SUFFIX;
}
/**
* Returns the alias of the decryption key with the specific {@code generationId} in the
* AndroidKeyStore.
*
* <p>These IDs look as follows:
* {@code com.security.recoverablekeystore/platform/<user id>/<generation id>/decrypt}
*
* @param generationId The generation ID.
* @return The alias.
*/
private String getDecryptAlias(int generationId) {
return KEY_ALIAS_PREFIX + mUserId + "/" + generationId + "/" + DECRYPT_KEY_ALIAS_SUFFIX;
}
/**
* Sets the current generation ID to {@code generationId}.
*/
private void setGenerationId(int generationId) {
mSharedPreferences.edit().putInt(getGenerationIdKey(), generationId).commit();
}
/**
* Returns the current user's generation ID key in the shared preferences.
*/
private String getGenerationIdKey() {
return SHARED_PREFS_KEY_GENERATION_ID + "/" + mUserId;
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if a key has been loaded with the given {@code generationId} into
* AndroidKeyStore.
*
* @throws KeyStoreException if there was an error checking AndroidKeyStore.
*/
private boolean isKeyLoaded(int generationId) throws KeyStoreException {
return mKeyStore.containsAlias(getEncryptAlias(generationId))
&& mKeyStore.containsAlias(getDecryptAlias(generationId));
}
/**
* Generates a new 256-bit AES key, and loads it into AndroidKeyStore with the given
* {@code generationId} determining its aliases.
*
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if AES is unavailable. This should never happen, as it is
* available since API version 1.
* @throws KeyStoreException if there was an issue loading the keys into AndroidKeyStore.
*/
private void generateAndLoadKey(int generationId)
throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyStoreException {
String encryptAlias = getEncryptAlias(generationId);
String decryptAlias = getDecryptAlias(generationId);
SecretKey secretKey = generateAesKey();
mKeyStore.setEntry(
encryptAlias,
new KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry(secretKey),
new KeyProtection.Builder(KeyProperties.PURPOSE_ENCRYPT)
.setBlockModes(KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_GCM)
.setEncryptionPaddings(KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_NONE)
.build());
mKeyStore.setEntry(
decryptAlias,
new KeyStore.SecretKeyEntry(secretKey),
new KeyProtection.Builder(KeyProperties.PURPOSE_DECRYPT)
.setUserAuthenticationRequired(true)
.setUserAuthenticationValidityDurationSeconds(
USER_AUTHENTICATION_VALIDITY_DURATION_SECONDS)
.setBlockModes(KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_GCM)
.setEncryptionPaddings(KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_NONE)
.setBoundToSpecificSecureUserId(mUserId)
.build());
try {
secretKey.destroy();
} catch (DestroyFailedException e) {
Log.w(TAG, "Failed to destroy in-memory platform key.", e);
}
}
/**
* Generates a new 256-bit AES key, in software.
*
* @return The software-generated AES key.
* @throws NoSuchAlgorithmException if AES key generation is not available. This should never
* happen, as AES has been supported since API level 1.
*/
private static SecretKey generateAesKey() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException {
KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM);
keyGenerator.init(KEY_SIZE_BITS);
return keyGenerator.generateKey();
}
/**
* Returns AndroidKeyStore-provided {@link KeyStore}, having already invoked
* {@link KeyStore#load(KeyStore.LoadStoreParameter)}.
*
* @throws KeyStoreException if there was a problem getting or initializing the key store.
*/
private static KeyStore getAndLoadAndroidKeyStore() throws KeyStoreException {
KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance(ANDROID_KEY_STORE_PROVIDER);
try {
keyStore.load(/*param=*/ null);
} catch (CertificateException | IOException | NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
// Should never happen.
throw new KeyStoreException("Unable to load keystore.", e);
}
return keyStore;
}
}