apex/jobscheduler/service/java/com/android/server/usage/AppIdleHistory.java

/**
 * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may not
 * use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy
 * of the License at
 *
 * http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
 * WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
 * License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
 * under the License.
 */

package com.android.server.usage;

import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.REASON_MAIN_DEFAULT;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.REASON_MAIN_FORCED_BY_USER;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.REASON_MAIN_MASK;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.REASON_MAIN_PREDICTED;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.REASON_MAIN_USAGE;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.REASON_SUB_MASK;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.REASON_SUB_USAGE_USER_INTERACTION;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.STANDBY_BUCKET_ACTIVE;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.STANDBY_BUCKET_NEVER;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.STANDBY_BUCKET_RARE;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.STANDBY_BUCKET_RESTRICTED;
import static android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager.STANDBY_BUCKET_WORKING_SET;

import static com.android.server.usage.AppStandbyController.isUserUsage;

import android.app.usage.AppStandbyInfo;
import android.app.usage.UsageStatsManager;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.util.ArrayMap;
import android.util.AtomicFile;
import android.util.Slog;
import android.util.SparseArray;
import android.util.TimeUtils;
import android.util.Xml;

import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.android.internal.util.CollectionUtils;
import com.android.internal.util.FastXmlSerializer;
import com.android.internal.util.FrameworkStatsLog;
import com.android.internal.util.IndentingPrintWriter;

import libcore.io.IoUtils;

import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParserException;

import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Keeps track of recent active state changes in apps.
 * Access should be guarded by a lock by the caller.
 */
public class AppIdleHistory {

    private static final String TAG = "AppIdleHistory";

    private static final boolean DEBUG = AppStandbyController.DEBUG;

    // History for all users and all packages
    private SparseArray<ArrayMap<String,AppUsageHistory>> mIdleHistory = new SparseArray<>();
    private static final long ONE_MINUTE = 60 * 1000;

    private static final int STANDBY_BUCKET_UNKNOWN = -1;

    /**
     * The bucket beyond which apps are considered idle. Any apps in this bucket or lower are
     * considered idle while those in higher buckets are not considered idle.
     */
    static final int IDLE_BUCKET_CUTOFF = STANDBY_BUCKET_RARE;

    @VisibleForTesting
    static final String APP_IDLE_FILENAME = "app_idle_stats.xml";
    private static final String TAG_PACKAGES = "packages";
    private static final String TAG_PACKAGE = "package";
    private static final String ATTR_NAME = "name";
    // Screen on timebase time when app was last used
    private static final String ATTR_SCREEN_IDLE = "screenIdleTime";
    // Elapsed timebase time when app was last used
    private static final String ATTR_ELAPSED_IDLE = "elapsedIdleTime";
    // Elapsed timebase time when app was last used by the user
    private static final String ATTR_LAST_USED_BY_USER_ELAPSED = "lastUsedByUserElapsedTime";
    // Elapsed timebase time when the app bucket was last predicted externally
    private static final String ATTR_LAST_PREDICTED_TIME = "lastPredictedTime";
    // The standby bucket for the app
    private static final String ATTR_CURRENT_BUCKET = "appLimitBucket";
    // The reason the app was put in the above bucket
    private static final String ATTR_BUCKETING_REASON = "bucketReason";
    // The last time a job was run for this app
    private static final String ATTR_LAST_RUN_JOB_TIME = "lastJobRunTime";
    // The time when the forced active state can be overridden.
    private static final String ATTR_BUCKET_ACTIVE_TIMEOUT_TIME = "activeTimeoutTime";
    // The time when the forced working_set state can be overridden.
    private static final String ATTR_BUCKET_WORKING_SET_TIMEOUT_TIME = "workingSetTimeoutTime";
    // Elapsed timebase time when the app was last marked for restriction.
    private static final String ATTR_LAST_RESTRICTION_ATTEMPT_ELAPSED =
            "lastRestrictionAttemptElapsedTime";
    // Reason why the app was last marked for restriction.
    private static final String ATTR_LAST_RESTRICTION_ATTEMPT_REASON =
            "lastRestrictionAttemptReason";

    // device on time = mElapsedDuration + (timeNow - mElapsedSnapshot)
    private long mElapsedSnapshot; // Elapsed time snapshot when last write of mDeviceOnDuration
    private long mElapsedDuration; // Total device on duration since device was "born"

    // screen on time = mScreenOnDuration + (timeNow - mScreenOnSnapshot)
    private long mScreenOnSnapshot; // Elapsed time snapshot when last write of mScreenOnDuration
    private long mScreenOnDuration; // Total screen on duration since device was "born"

    private final File mStorageDir;

    private boolean mScreenOn;

    static class AppUsageHistory {
        // Last used time (including system usage), using elapsed timebase
        long lastUsedElapsedTime;
        // Last time the user used the app, using elapsed timebase
        long lastUsedByUserElapsedTime;
        // Last used time using screen_on timebase
        long lastUsedScreenTime;
        // Last predicted time using elapsed timebase
        long lastPredictedTime;
        // Last predicted bucket
        @UsageStatsManager.StandbyBuckets
        int lastPredictedBucket = STANDBY_BUCKET_UNKNOWN;
        // Standby bucket
        @UsageStatsManager.StandbyBuckets
        int currentBucket;
        // Reason for setting the standby bucket. The value here is a combination of
        // one of UsageStatsManager.REASON_MAIN_* and one (or none) of
        // UsageStatsManager.REASON_SUB_*. Also see REASON_MAIN_MASK and REASON_SUB_MASK.
        int bucketingReason;
        // In-memory only, last bucket for which the listeners were informed
        int lastInformedBucket;
        // The last time a job was run for this app, using elapsed timebase
        long lastJobRunTime;
        // When should the bucket active state timeout, in elapsed timebase, if greater than
        // lastUsedElapsedTime.
        // This is used to keep the app in a high bucket regardless of other timeouts and
        // predictions.
        long bucketActiveTimeoutTime;
        // If there's a forced working_set state, this is when it times out. This can be sitting
        // under any active state timeout, so that it becomes applicable after the active state
        // timeout expires.
        long bucketWorkingSetTimeoutTime;
        // The last time an agent attempted to put the app into the RESTRICTED bucket.
        long lastRestrictAttemptElapsedTime;
        // The last reason the app was marked to be put into the RESTRICTED bucket.
        int lastRestrictReason;
    }

    AppIdleHistory(File storageDir, long elapsedRealtime) {
        mElapsedSnapshot = elapsedRealtime;
        mScreenOnSnapshot = elapsedRealtime;
        mStorageDir = storageDir;
        readScreenOnTime();
    }

    public void updateDisplay(boolean screenOn, long elapsedRealtime) {
        if (screenOn == mScreenOn) return;

        mScreenOn = screenOn;
        if (mScreenOn) {
            mScreenOnSnapshot = elapsedRealtime;
        } else {
            mScreenOnDuration += elapsedRealtime - mScreenOnSnapshot;
            mElapsedDuration += elapsedRealtime - mElapsedSnapshot;
            mElapsedSnapshot = elapsedRealtime;
        }
        if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "mScreenOnSnapshot=" + mScreenOnSnapshot
                + ", mScreenOnDuration=" + mScreenOnDuration
                + ", mScreenOn=" + mScreenOn);
    }

    public long getScreenOnTime(long elapsedRealtime) {
        long screenOnTime = mScreenOnDuration;
        if (mScreenOn) {
            screenOnTime += elapsedRealtime - mScreenOnSnapshot;
        }
        return screenOnTime;
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    File getScreenOnTimeFile() {
        return new File(mStorageDir, "screen_on_time");
    }

    private void readScreenOnTime() {
        File screenOnTimeFile = getScreenOnTimeFile();
        if (screenOnTimeFile.exists()) {
            try {
                BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(screenOnTimeFile));
                mScreenOnDuration = Long.parseLong(reader.readLine());
                mElapsedDuration = Long.parseLong(reader.readLine());
                reader.close();
            } catch (IOException | NumberFormatException e) {
            }
        } else {
            writeScreenOnTime();
        }
    }

    private void writeScreenOnTime() {
        AtomicFile screenOnTimeFile = new AtomicFile(getScreenOnTimeFile());
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        try {
            fos = screenOnTimeFile.startWrite();
            fos.write((Long.toString(mScreenOnDuration) + "\n"
                    + Long.toString(mElapsedDuration) + "\n").getBytes());
            screenOnTimeFile.finishWrite(fos);
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            screenOnTimeFile.failWrite(fos);
        }
    }

    /**
     * To be called periodically to keep track of elapsed time when app idle times are written
     */
    public void writeAppIdleDurations() {
        final long elapsedRealtime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
        // Only bump up and snapshot the elapsed time. Don't change screen on duration.
        mElapsedDuration += elapsedRealtime - mElapsedSnapshot;
        mElapsedSnapshot = elapsedRealtime;
        writeScreenOnTime();
    }

    /**
     * Mark the app as used and update the bucket if necessary. If there is a timeout specified
     * that's in the future, then the usage event is temporary and keeps the app in the specified
     * bucket at least until the timeout is reached. This can be used to keep the app in an
     * elevated bucket for a while until some important task gets to run.
     * @param appUsageHistory the usage record for the app being updated
     * @param packageName name of the app being updated, for logging purposes
     * @param newBucket the bucket to set the app to
     * @param usageReason the sub-reason for usage, one of REASON_SUB_USAGE_*
     * @param elapsedRealtime mark as used time if non-zero
     * @param timeout set the timeout of the specified bucket, if non-zero. Can only be used
     *                with bucket values of ACTIVE and WORKING_SET.
     * @return {@code appUsageHistory}
     */
    AppUsageHistory reportUsage(AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory, String packageName, int userId,
            int newBucket, int usageReason, long elapsedRealtime, long timeout) {
        int bucketingReason = REASON_MAIN_USAGE | usageReason;
        final boolean isUserUsage = isUserUsage(bucketingReason);

        if (appUsageHistory.currentBucket == STANDBY_BUCKET_RESTRICTED && !isUserUsage) {
            // Only user usage should bring an app out of the RESTRICTED bucket.
            newBucket = STANDBY_BUCKET_RESTRICTED;
            bucketingReason = appUsageHistory.bucketingReason;
        } else {
            // Set the timeout if applicable
            if (timeout > elapsedRealtime) {
                // Convert to elapsed timebase
                final long timeoutTime = mElapsedDuration + (timeout - mElapsedSnapshot);
                if (newBucket == STANDBY_BUCKET_ACTIVE) {
                    appUsageHistory.bucketActiveTimeoutTime = Math.max(timeoutTime,
                            appUsageHistory.bucketActiveTimeoutTime);
                } else if (newBucket == STANDBY_BUCKET_WORKING_SET) {
                    appUsageHistory.bucketWorkingSetTimeoutTime = Math.max(timeoutTime,
                            appUsageHistory.bucketWorkingSetTimeoutTime);
                } else {
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException("Cannot set a timeout on bucket="
                            + newBucket);
                }
            }
        }

        if (elapsedRealtime != 0) {
            appUsageHistory.lastUsedElapsedTime = mElapsedDuration
                    + (elapsedRealtime - mElapsedSnapshot);
            if (isUserUsage) {
                appUsageHistory.lastUsedByUserElapsedTime = appUsageHistory.lastUsedElapsedTime;
            }
            appUsageHistory.lastUsedScreenTime = getScreenOnTime(elapsedRealtime);
        }

        if (appUsageHistory.currentBucket > newBucket) {
            appUsageHistory.currentBucket = newBucket;
            logAppStandbyBucketChanged(packageName, userId, newBucket, bucketingReason);
        }
        appUsageHistory.bucketingReason = bucketingReason;

        return appUsageHistory;
    }

    /**
     * Mark the app as used and update the bucket if necessary. If there is a timeout specified
     * that's in the future, then the usage event is temporary and keeps the app in the specified
     * bucket at least until the timeout is reached. This can be used to keep the app in an
     * elevated bucket for a while until some important task gets to run.
     * @param packageName
     * @param userId
     * @param newBucket the bucket to set the app to
     * @param usageReason sub reason for usage
     * @param nowElapsed mark as used time if non-zero
     * @param timeout set the timeout of the specified bucket, if non-zero. Can only be used
     *                with bucket values of ACTIVE and WORKING_SET.
     * @return
     */
    public AppUsageHistory reportUsage(String packageName, int userId, int newBucket,
            int usageReason, long nowElapsed, long timeout) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory history = getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName, nowElapsed, true);
        return reportUsage(history, packageName, userId, newBucket, usageReason, nowElapsed,
                timeout);
    }

    private ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> getUserHistory(int userId) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = mIdleHistory.get(userId);
        if (userHistory == null) {
            userHistory = new ArrayMap<>();
            mIdleHistory.put(userId, userHistory);
            readAppIdleTimes(userId, userHistory);
        }
        return userHistory;
    }

    private AppUsageHistory getPackageHistory(ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory,
            String packageName, long elapsedRealtime, boolean create) {
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory = userHistory.get(packageName);
        if (appUsageHistory == null && create) {
            appUsageHistory = new AppUsageHistory();
            appUsageHistory.lastUsedElapsedTime = getElapsedTime(elapsedRealtime);
            appUsageHistory.lastUsedScreenTime = getScreenOnTime(elapsedRealtime);
            appUsageHistory.lastPredictedTime = getElapsedTime(0);
            appUsageHistory.currentBucket = STANDBY_BUCKET_NEVER;
            appUsageHistory.bucketingReason = REASON_MAIN_DEFAULT;
            appUsageHistory.lastInformedBucket = -1;
            appUsageHistory.lastJobRunTime = Long.MIN_VALUE; // long long time ago
            userHistory.put(packageName, appUsageHistory);
        }
        return appUsageHistory;
    }

    public void onUserRemoved(int userId) {
        mIdleHistory.remove(userId);
    }

    public boolean isIdle(String packageName, int userId, long elapsedRealtime) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory =
                getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName, elapsedRealtime, true);
        return appUsageHistory.currentBucket >= IDLE_BUCKET_CUTOFF;
    }

    public AppUsageHistory getAppUsageHistory(String packageName, int userId,
            long elapsedRealtime) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory =
                getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName, elapsedRealtime, true);
        return appUsageHistory;
    }

    public void setAppStandbyBucket(String packageName, int userId, long elapsedRealtime,
            int bucket, int reason) {
        setAppStandbyBucket(packageName, userId, elapsedRealtime, bucket, reason, false);
    }

    public void setAppStandbyBucket(String packageName, int userId, long elapsedRealtime,
            int bucket, int reason, boolean resetTimeout) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory =
                getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName, elapsedRealtime, true);
        final boolean changed = appUsageHistory.currentBucket != bucket;
        appUsageHistory.currentBucket = bucket;
        appUsageHistory.bucketingReason = reason;

        final long elapsed = getElapsedTime(elapsedRealtime);

        if ((reason & REASON_MAIN_MASK) == REASON_MAIN_PREDICTED) {
            appUsageHistory.lastPredictedTime = elapsed;
            appUsageHistory.lastPredictedBucket = bucket;
        }
        if (resetTimeout) {
            appUsageHistory.bucketActiveTimeoutTime = elapsed;
            appUsageHistory.bucketWorkingSetTimeoutTime = elapsed;
        }
        if (changed) {
            logAppStandbyBucketChanged(packageName, userId, bucket, reason);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Update the prediction for the app but don't change the actual bucket
     * @param app The app for which the prediction was made
     * @param elapsedTimeAdjusted The elapsed time in the elapsed duration timebase
     * @param bucket The predicted bucket
     */
    public void updateLastPrediction(AppUsageHistory app, long elapsedTimeAdjusted, int bucket) {
        app.lastPredictedTime = elapsedTimeAdjusted;
        app.lastPredictedBucket = bucket;
    }

    /**
     * Marks the last time a job was run, with the given elapsedRealtime. The time stored is
     * based on the elapsed timebase.
     * @param packageName
     * @param userId
     * @param elapsedRealtime
     */
    public void setLastJobRunTime(String packageName, int userId, long elapsedRealtime) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory =
                getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName, elapsedRealtime, true);
        appUsageHistory.lastJobRunTime = getElapsedTime(elapsedRealtime);
    }

    /**
     * Notes an attempt to put the app in the {@link UsageStatsManager#STANDBY_BUCKET_RESTRICTED}
     * bucket.
     *
     * @param packageName     The package name of the app that is being restricted
     * @param userId          The ID of the user in which the app is being restricted
     * @param elapsedRealtime The time the attempt was made, in the (unadjusted) elapsed realtime
     *                        timebase
     * @param reason          The reason for the restriction attempt
     */
    void noteRestrictionAttempt(String packageName, int userId, long elapsedRealtime, int reason) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory =
                getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName, elapsedRealtime, true);
        appUsageHistory.lastRestrictAttemptElapsedTime = getElapsedTime(elapsedRealtime);
        appUsageHistory.lastRestrictReason = reason;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the time since the last job was run for this app. This can be larger than the
     * current elapsedRealtime, in case it happened before boot or a really large value if no jobs
     * were ever run.
     * @param packageName
     * @param userId
     * @param elapsedRealtime
     * @return
     */
    public long getTimeSinceLastJobRun(String packageName, int userId, long elapsedRealtime) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory =
                getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName, elapsedRealtime, false);
        // Don't adjust the default, else it'll wrap around to a positive value
        if (appUsageHistory == null || appUsageHistory.lastJobRunTime == Long.MIN_VALUE) {
            return Long.MAX_VALUE;
        }
        return getElapsedTime(elapsedRealtime) - appUsageHistory.lastJobRunTime;
    }

    public int getAppStandbyBucket(String packageName, int userId, long elapsedRealtime) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory =
                getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName, elapsedRealtime, false);
        return appUsageHistory == null ? STANDBY_BUCKET_NEVER : appUsageHistory.currentBucket;
    }

    public ArrayList<AppStandbyInfo> getAppStandbyBuckets(int userId, boolean appIdleEnabled) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        int size = userHistory.size();
        ArrayList<AppStandbyInfo> buckets = new ArrayList<>(size);
        for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
            buckets.add(new AppStandbyInfo(userHistory.keyAt(i),
                    appIdleEnabled ? userHistory.valueAt(i).currentBucket : STANDBY_BUCKET_ACTIVE));
        }
        return buckets;
    }

    public int getAppStandbyReason(String packageName, int userId, long elapsedRealtime) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory =
                getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName, elapsedRealtime, false);
        return appUsageHistory != null ? appUsageHistory.bucketingReason : 0;
    }

    public long getElapsedTime(long elapsedRealtime) {
        return (elapsedRealtime - mElapsedSnapshot + mElapsedDuration);
    }

    /* Returns the new standby bucket the app is assigned to */
    public int setIdle(String packageName, int userId, boolean idle, long elapsedRealtime) {
        final int newBucket;
        final int reason;
        if (idle) {
            newBucket = IDLE_BUCKET_CUTOFF;
            reason = REASON_MAIN_FORCED_BY_USER;
        } else {
            newBucket = STANDBY_BUCKET_ACTIVE;
            // This is to pretend that the app was just used, don't freeze the state anymore.
            reason = REASON_MAIN_USAGE | REASON_SUB_USAGE_USER_INTERACTION;
        }
        setAppStandbyBucket(packageName, userId, elapsedRealtime, newBucket, reason, false);

        return newBucket;
    }

    public void clearUsage(String packageName, int userId) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        userHistory.remove(packageName);
    }

    boolean shouldInformListeners(String packageName, int userId,
            long elapsedRealtime, int bucket) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory = getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName,
                elapsedRealtime, true);
        if (appUsageHistory.lastInformedBucket != bucket) {
            appUsageHistory.lastInformedBucket = bucket;
            return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the index in the arrays of screenTimeThresholds and elapsedTimeThresholds
     * that corresponds to how long since the app was used.
     * @param packageName
     * @param userId
     * @param elapsedRealtime current time
     * @param screenTimeThresholds Array of screen times, in ascending order, first one is 0
     * @param elapsedTimeThresholds Array of elapsed time, in ascending order, first one is 0
     * @return The index whose values the app's used time exceeds (in both arrays)
     */
    int getThresholdIndex(String packageName, int userId, long elapsedRealtime,
            long[] screenTimeThresholds, long[] elapsedTimeThresholds) {
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory = getPackageHistory(userHistory, packageName,
                elapsedRealtime, false);
        // If we don't have any state for the app, assume never used
        if (appUsageHistory == null) return screenTimeThresholds.length - 1;

        long screenOnDelta = getScreenOnTime(elapsedRealtime) - appUsageHistory.lastUsedScreenTime;
        long elapsedDelta = getElapsedTime(elapsedRealtime) - appUsageHistory.lastUsedElapsedTime;

        if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, packageName
                + " lastUsedScreen=" + appUsageHistory.lastUsedScreenTime
                + " lastUsedElapsed=" + appUsageHistory.lastUsedElapsedTime);
        if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, packageName + " screenOn=" + screenOnDelta
                + ", elapsed=" + elapsedDelta);
        for (int i = screenTimeThresholds.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            if (screenOnDelta >= screenTimeThresholds[i]
                && elapsedDelta >= elapsedTimeThresholds[i]) {
                return i;
            }
        }
        return 0;
    }

    /**
     * Log a standby bucket change to statsd, and also logcat if debug logging is enabled.
     */
    private void logAppStandbyBucketChanged(String packageName, int userId, int bucket,
            int reason) {
        FrameworkStatsLog.write(
                FrameworkStatsLog.APP_STANDBY_BUCKET_CHANGED,
                packageName, userId, bucket,
                (reason & REASON_MAIN_MASK), (reason & REASON_SUB_MASK));
        if (DEBUG) {
            Slog.d(TAG, "Moved " + packageName + " to bucket=" + bucket
                    + ", reason=0x0" + Integer.toHexString(reason));
        }
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    File getUserFile(int userId) {
        return new File(new File(new File(mStorageDir, "users"),
                Integer.toString(userId)), APP_IDLE_FILENAME);
    }

    /**
     * Check if App Idle File exists on disk
     * @param userId
     * @return true if file exists
     */
    public boolean userFileExists(int userId) {
        return getUserFile(userId).exists();
    }

    private void readAppIdleTimes(int userId, ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory) {
        FileInputStream fis = null;
        try {
            AtomicFile appIdleFile = new AtomicFile(getUserFile(userId));
            fis = appIdleFile.openRead();
            XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
            parser.setInput(fis, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());

            int type;
            while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG
                    && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                // Skip
            }

            if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                Slog.e(TAG, "Unable to read app idle file for user " + userId);
                return;
            }
            if (!parser.getName().equals(TAG_PACKAGES)) {
                return;
            }
            while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
                if (type == XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
                    final String name = parser.getName();
                    if (name.equals(TAG_PACKAGE)) {
                        final String packageName = parser.getAttributeValue(null, ATTR_NAME);
                        AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory = new AppUsageHistory();
                        appUsageHistory.lastUsedElapsedTime =
                                Long.parseLong(parser.getAttributeValue(null, ATTR_ELAPSED_IDLE));
                        appUsageHistory.lastUsedByUserElapsedTime = getLongValue(parser,
                                ATTR_LAST_USED_BY_USER_ELAPSED,
                                appUsageHistory.lastUsedElapsedTime);
                        appUsageHistory.lastUsedScreenTime =
                                Long.parseLong(parser.getAttributeValue(null, ATTR_SCREEN_IDLE));
                        appUsageHistory.lastPredictedTime = getLongValue(parser,
                                ATTR_LAST_PREDICTED_TIME, 0L);
                        String currentBucketString = parser.getAttributeValue(null,
                                ATTR_CURRENT_BUCKET);
                        appUsageHistory.currentBucket = currentBucketString == null
                                ? STANDBY_BUCKET_ACTIVE
                                : Integer.parseInt(currentBucketString);
                        String bucketingReason =
                                parser.getAttributeValue(null, ATTR_BUCKETING_REASON);
                        appUsageHistory.lastJobRunTime = getLongValue(parser,
                                ATTR_LAST_RUN_JOB_TIME, Long.MIN_VALUE);
                        appUsageHistory.bucketActiveTimeoutTime = getLongValue(parser,
                                ATTR_BUCKET_ACTIVE_TIMEOUT_TIME, 0L);
                        appUsageHistory.bucketWorkingSetTimeoutTime = getLongValue(parser,
                                ATTR_BUCKET_WORKING_SET_TIMEOUT_TIME, 0L);
                        appUsageHistory.bucketingReason = REASON_MAIN_DEFAULT;
                        if (bucketingReason != null) {
                            try {
                                appUsageHistory.bucketingReason =
                                        Integer.parseInt(bucketingReason, 16);
                            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                                Slog.wtf(TAG, "Unable to read bucketing reason", nfe);
                            }
                        }
                        appUsageHistory.lastRestrictAttemptElapsedTime =
                                getLongValue(parser, ATTR_LAST_RESTRICTION_ATTEMPT_ELAPSED, 0);
                        String lastRestrictReason = parser.getAttributeValue(
                                null, ATTR_LAST_RESTRICTION_ATTEMPT_REASON);
                        if (lastRestrictReason != null) {
                            try {
                                appUsageHistory.lastRestrictReason =
                                        Integer.parseInt(lastRestrictReason, 16);
                            } catch (NumberFormatException nfe) {
                                Slog.wtf(TAG, "Unable to read last restrict reason", nfe);
                            }
                        }
                        appUsageHistory.lastInformedBucket = -1;
                        userHistory.put(packageName, appUsageHistory);
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException | XmlPullParserException e) {
            Slog.e(TAG, "Unable to read app idle file for user " + userId, e);
        } finally {
            IoUtils.closeQuietly(fis);
        }
    }

    private long getLongValue(XmlPullParser parser, String attrName, long defValue) {
        String value = parser.getAttributeValue(null, attrName);
        if (value == null) return defValue;
        return Long.parseLong(value);
    }

    public void writeAppIdleTimes(int userId) {
        FileOutputStream fos = null;
        AtomicFile appIdleFile = new AtomicFile(getUserFile(userId));
        try {
            fos = appIdleFile.startWrite();
            final BufferedOutputStream bos = new BufferedOutputStream(fos);

            FastXmlSerializer xml = new FastXmlSerializer();
            xml.setOutput(bos, StandardCharsets.UTF_8.name());
            xml.startDocument(null, true);
            xml.setFeature("http://xmlpull.org/v1/doc/features.html#indent-output", true);

            xml.startTag(null, TAG_PACKAGES);

            ArrayMap<String,AppUsageHistory> userHistory = getUserHistory(userId);
            final int N = userHistory.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
                String packageName = userHistory.keyAt(i);
                // Skip any unexpected null package names
                if (packageName == null) {
                    Slog.w(TAG, "Skipping App Idle write for unexpected null package");
                    continue;
                }
                AppUsageHistory history = userHistory.valueAt(i);
                xml.startTag(null, TAG_PACKAGE);
                xml.attribute(null, ATTR_NAME, packageName);
                xml.attribute(null, ATTR_ELAPSED_IDLE,
                        Long.toString(history.lastUsedElapsedTime));
                xml.attribute(null, ATTR_LAST_USED_BY_USER_ELAPSED,
                        Long.toString(history.lastUsedByUserElapsedTime));
                xml.attribute(null, ATTR_SCREEN_IDLE,
                        Long.toString(history.lastUsedScreenTime));
                xml.attribute(null, ATTR_LAST_PREDICTED_TIME,
                        Long.toString(history.lastPredictedTime));
                xml.attribute(null, ATTR_CURRENT_BUCKET,
                        Integer.toString(history.currentBucket));
                xml.attribute(null, ATTR_BUCKETING_REASON,
                        Integer.toHexString(history.bucketingReason));
                if (history.bucketActiveTimeoutTime > 0) {
                    xml.attribute(null, ATTR_BUCKET_ACTIVE_TIMEOUT_TIME, Long.toString(history
                            .bucketActiveTimeoutTime));
                }
                if (history.bucketWorkingSetTimeoutTime > 0) {
                    xml.attribute(null, ATTR_BUCKET_WORKING_SET_TIMEOUT_TIME, Long.toString(history
                            .bucketWorkingSetTimeoutTime));
                }
                if (history.lastJobRunTime != Long.MIN_VALUE) {
                    xml.attribute(null, ATTR_LAST_RUN_JOB_TIME, Long.toString(history
                            .lastJobRunTime));
                }
                if (history.lastRestrictAttemptElapsedTime > 0) {
                    xml.attribute(null, ATTR_LAST_RESTRICTION_ATTEMPT_ELAPSED,
                            Long.toString(history.lastRestrictAttemptElapsedTime));
                }
                xml.attribute(null, ATTR_LAST_RESTRICTION_ATTEMPT_REASON,
                        Integer.toHexString(history.lastRestrictReason));
                xml.endTag(null, TAG_PACKAGE);
            }

            xml.endTag(null, TAG_PACKAGES);
            xml.endDocument();
            appIdleFile.finishWrite(fos);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            appIdleFile.failWrite(fos);
            Slog.e(TAG, "Error writing app idle file for user " + userId, e);
        }
    }

    public void dump(IndentingPrintWriter idpw, int userId, List<String> pkgs) {
        idpw.println("App Standby States:");
        idpw.increaseIndent();
        ArrayMap<String, AppUsageHistory> userHistory = mIdleHistory.get(userId);
        final long elapsedRealtime = SystemClock.elapsedRealtime();
        final long totalElapsedTime = getElapsedTime(elapsedRealtime);
        final long screenOnTime = getScreenOnTime(elapsedRealtime);
        if (userHistory == null) return;
        final int P = userHistory.size();
        for (int p = 0; p < P; p++) {
            final String packageName = userHistory.keyAt(p);
            final AppUsageHistory appUsageHistory = userHistory.valueAt(p);
            if (!CollectionUtils.isEmpty(pkgs) && !pkgs.contains(packageName)) {
                continue;
            }
            idpw.print("package=" + packageName);
            idpw.print(" u=" + userId);
            idpw.print(" bucket=" + appUsageHistory.currentBucket
                    + " reason="
                    + UsageStatsManager.reasonToString(appUsageHistory.bucketingReason));
            idpw.print(" used=");
            TimeUtils.formatDuration(totalElapsedTime - appUsageHistory.lastUsedElapsedTime, idpw);
            idpw.print(" usedByUser=");
            TimeUtils.formatDuration(totalElapsedTime - appUsageHistory.lastUsedByUserElapsedTime,
                    idpw);
            idpw.print(" usedScr=");
            TimeUtils.formatDuration(screenOnTime - appUsageHistory.lastUsedScreenTime, idpw);
            idpw.print(" lastPred=");
            TimeUtils.formatDuration(totalElapsedTime - appUsageHistory.lastPredictedTime, idpw);
            idpw.print(" activeLeft=");
            TimeUtils.formatDuration(appUsageHistory.bucketActiveTimeoutTime - totalElapsedTime,
                    idpw);
            idpw.print(" wsLeft=");
            TimeUtils.formatDuration(appUsageHistory.bucketWorkingSetTimeoutTime - totalElapsedTime,
                    idpw);
            idpw.print(" lastJob=");
            TimeUtils.formatDuration(totalElapsedTime - appUsageHistory.lastJobRunTime, idpw);
            if (appUsageHistory.lastRestrictAttemptElapsedTime > 0) {
                idpw.print(" lastRestrictAttempt=");
                TimeUtils.formatDuration(
                        totalElapsedTime - appUsageHistory.lastRestrictAttemptElapsedTime, idpw);
                idpw.print(" lastRestrictReason="
                        + UsageStatsManager.reasonToString(appUsageHistory.lastRestrictReason));
            }
            idpw.print(" idle=" + (isIdle(packageName, userId, elapsedRealtime) ? "y" : "n"));
            idpw.println();
        }
        idpw.println();
        idpw.print("totalElapsedTime=");
        TimeUtils.formatDuration(getElapsedTime(elapsedRealtime), idpw);
        idpw.println();
        idpw.print("totalScreenOnTime=");
        TimeUtils.formatDuration(getScreenOnTime(elapsedRealtime), idpw);
        idpw.println();
        idpw.decreaseIndent();
    }
}