packages/SettingsProvider/src/com/android/providers/settings/SettingsBackupAgent.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2008 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.android.providers.settings;

import android.app.backup.BackupAgentHelper;
import android.app.backup.BackupDataInput;
import android.app.backup.BackupDataOutput;
import android.app.backup.FullBackupDataOutput;
import android.content.ContentResolver;
import android.content.ContentValues;
import android.content.Context;
import android.database.Cursor;
import android.net.NetworkPolicy;
import android.net.NetworkPolicyManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration;
import android.net.wifi.WifiConfiguration.KeyMgmt;
import android.net.wifi.WifiManager;
import android.os.FileUtils;
import android.os.Handler;
import android.os.ParcelFileDescriptor;
import android.os.Process;
import android.os.UserHandle;
import android.provider.Settings;
import android.util.BackupUtils;
import android.util.Log;

import com.android.internal.widget.LockPatternUtils;

import libcore.io.IoUtils;

import java.io.BufferedOutputStream;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.CharArrayReader;
import java.io.DataInputStream;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
import java.io.EOFException;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.FileReader;
import java.io.FileWriter;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.Writer;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.BitSet;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.zip.CRC32;

/**
 * Performs backup and restore of the System and Secure settings.
 * List of settings that are backed up are stored in the Settings.java file
 */
public class SettingsBackupAgent extends BackupAgentHelper {
    private static final boolean DEBUG = false;
    private static final boolean DEBUG_BACKUP = DEBUG || false;

    private static final String KEY_SYSTEM = "system";
    private static final String KEY_SECURE = "secure";
    private static final String KEY_GLOBAL = "global";
    private static final String KEY_LOCALE = "locale";
    private static final String KEY_LOCK_SETTINGS = "lock_settings";
    private static final String KEY_SOFTAP_CONFIG = "softap_config";
    private static final String KEY_NETWORK_POLICIES = "network_policies";

    // Versioning of the state file.  Increment this version
    // number any time the set of state items is altered.
    private static final int STATE_VERSION = 6;

    // Versioning of the Network Policies backup payload.
    private static final int NETWORK_POLICIES_BACKUP_VERSION = 1;


    // Slots in the checksum array.  Never insert new items in the middle
    // of this array; new slots must be appended.
    private static final int STATE_SYSTEM           = 0;
    private static final int STATE_SECURE           = 1;
    private static final int STATE_LOCALE           = 2;
    private static final int STATE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT  = 3;
    private static final int STATE_WIFI_CONFIG      = 4;
    private static final int STATE_GLOBAL           = 5;
    private static final int STATE_LOCK_SETTINGS    = 6;
    private static final int STATE_SOFTAP_CONFIG    = 7;
    private static final int STATE_NETWORK_POLICIES = 8;

    private static final int STATE_SIZE             = 9; // The current number of state items

    // Number of entries in the checksum array at various version numbers
    private static final int STATE_SIZES[] = {
            0,
            4,              // version 1
            5,              // version 2 added STATE_WIFI_CONFIG
            6,              // version 3 added STATE_GLOBAL
            7,              // version 4 added STATE_LOCK_SETTINGS
            8,              // version 5 added STATE_SOFTAP_CONFIG
            STATE_SIZE      // version 6 added STATE_NETWORK_POLICIES
    };

    // Versioning of the 'full backup' format
    // Increment this version any time a new item is added
    private static final int FULL_BACKUP_VERSION = 5;
    private static final int FULL_BACKUP_ADDED_GLOBAL = 2;  // added the "global" entry
    private static final int FULL_BACKUP_ADDED_LOCK_SETTINGS = 3; // added the "lock_settings" entry
    private static final int FULL_BACKUP_ADDED_SOFTAP_CONF = 4; //added the "softap_config" entry
    private static final int FULL_BACKUP_ADDED_NETWORK_POLICIES = 5; //added "network_policies"

    private static final int INTEGER_BYTE_COUNT = Integer.SIZE / Byte.SIZE;

    private static final byte[] EMPTY_DATA = new byte[0];

    private static final String TAG = "SettingsBackupAgent";

    private static final String[] PROJECTION = {
            Settings.NameValueTable.NAME,
            Settings.NameValueTable.VALUE
    };

    private static final String FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT = "/data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf";
    private static final String FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT_TEMPLATE =
            "/system/etc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf";

    // the key to store the WIFI data under, should be sorted as last, so restore happens last.
    // use very late unicode character to quasi-guarantee last sort position.
    private static final String KEY_WIFI_SUPPLICANT = "\uffedWIFI";
    private static final String KEY_WIFI_CONFIG = "\uffedCONFIG_WIFI";

    // Keys within the lock settings section
    private static final String KEY_LOCK_SETTINGS_OWNER_INFO_ENABLED = "owner_info_enabled";
    private static final String KEY_LOCK_SETTINGS_OWNER_INFO = "owner_info";

    // Name of the temporary file we use during full backup/restore.  This is
    // stored in the full-backup tarfile as well, so should not be changed.
    private static final String STAGE_FILE = "flattened-data";

    // Delay in milliseconds between the restore operation and when we will bounce
    // wifi in order to rewrite the supplicant config etc.
    private static final long WIFI_BOUNCE_DELAY_MILLIS = 60 * 1000; // one minute

    private SettingsHelper mSettingsHelper;
    private WifiManager mWfm;
    private String mWifiConfigFile;

    // Chain of asynchronous operations used when rewriting the wifi supplicant config file
    WifiDisableRunnable mWifiDisable = null;
    WifiRestoreRunnable mWifiRestore = null;
    int mRetainedWifiState; // used only during config file rewrite

    // Class for capturing a network definition from the wifi supplicant config file
    static class Network {
        String ssid = "";  // equals() and hashCode() need these to be non-null
        String key_mgmt = "";
        boolean certUsed = false;
        boolean hasWepKey = false;
        boolean isEap = false;
        final ArrayList<String> rawLines = new ArrayList<String>();

        public static Network readFromStream(BufferedReader in) {
            final Network n = new Network();
            String line;
            try {
                while (in.ready()) {
                    line = in.readLine();
                    if (line == null || line.startsWith("}")) {
                        break;
                    }
                    n.rememberLine(line);
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                return null;
            }
            return n;
        }

        void rememberLine(String line) {
            // can't rely on particular whitespace patterns so strip leading/trailing
            line = line.trim();
            if (line.isEmpty()) return; // only whitespace; drop the line
            rawLines.add(line);

            // remember the ssid and key_mgmt lines for duplicate culling
            if (line.startsWith("ssid=")) {
                ssid = line;
            } else if (line.startsWith("key_mgmt=")) {
                key_mgmt = line;
                if (line.contains("EAP")) {
                    isEap = true;
                }
            } else if (line.startsWith("client_cert=")) {
                certUsed = true;
            } else if (line.startsWith("ca_cert=")) {
                certUsed = true;
            } else if (line.startsWith("ca_path=")) {
                certUsed = true;
            } else if (line.startsWith("wep_")) {
                hasWepKey = true;
            } else if (line.startsWith("eap=")) {
                isEap = true;
            }
        }

        public void write(Writer w) throws IOException {
            w.write("\nnetwork={\n");
            for (String line : rawLines) {
                w.write("\t" + line + "\n");
            }
            w.write("}\n");
        }

        public void dump() {
            Log.v(TAG, "network={");
            for (String line : rawLines) {
                Log.v(TAG, "   " + line);
            }
            Log.v(TAG, "}");
        }

        // Calculate the equivalent of WifiConfiguration's configKey()
        public String configKey() {
            if (ssid == null) {
                // No SSID => malformed network definition
                return null;
            }

            final String bareSsid = ssid.substring(ssid.indexOf('=') + 1);

            final BitSet types = new BitSet();
            if (key_mgmt == null) {
                // no key_mgmt specified; this is defined as equivalent to "WPA-PSK WPA-EAP"
                types.set(KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK);
                types.set(KeyMgmt.WPA_EAP);
            } else {
                // Need to parse the key_mgmt line
                final String bareKeyMgmt = key_mgmt.substring(key_mgmt.indexOf('=') + 1);
                String[] typeStrings = bareKeyMgmt.split("\\s+");

                // Parse out all the key management regimes permitted for this network.  The literal
                // strings here are the standard values permitted in wpa_supplicant.conf.
                for (int i = 0; i < typeStrings.length; i++) {
                    final String ktype = typeStrings[i];
                    if (ktype.equals("WPA-PSK")) {
                        Log.v(TAG, "  + setting WPA_PSK bit");
                        types.set(KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK);
                    } else if (ktype.equals("WPA-EAP")) {
                        Log.v(TAG, "  + setting WPA_EAP bit");
                        types.set(KeyMgmt.WPA_EAP);
                    } else if (ktype.equals("IEEE8021X")) {
                        Log.v(TAG, "  + setting IEEE8021X bit");
                        types.set(KeyMgmt.IEEE8021X);
                    }
                }
            }

            // Now build the canonical config key paralleling the WifiConfiguration semantics
            final String key;
            if (types.get(KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK)) {
                key = bareSsid + KeyMgmt.strings[KeyMgmt.WPA_PSK];
            } else if (types.get(KeyMgmt.WPA_EAP) || types.get(KeyMgmt.IEEE8021X)) {
                key = bareSsid + KeyMgmt.strings[KeyMgmt.WPA_EAP];
            } else if (hasWepKey) {
                key = bareSsid + "WEP";  // hardcoded this way in WifiConfiguration
            } else {
                key = bareSsid + KeyMgmt.strings[KeyMgmt.NONE];
            }
            return key;
        }

        // Same approach as Pair.equals() and Pair.hashCode()
        @Override
        public boolean equals(Object o) {
            if (o == this) return true;
            if (!(o instanceof Network)) return false;
            final Network other;
            try {
                other = (Network) o;
            } catch (ClassCastException e) {
                return false;
            }
            return ssid.equals(other.ssid) && key_mgmt.equals(other.key_mgmt);
        }

        @Override
        public int hashCode() {
            int result = 17;
            result = 31 * result + ssid.hashCode();
            result = 31 * result + key_mgmt.hashCode();
            return result;
        }
    }

    boolean networkInWhitelist(Network net, List<WifiConfiguration> whitelist) {
        final String netConfigKey = net.configKey();
        final int N = whitelist.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            if (Objects.equals(netConfigKey, whitelist.get(i).configKey(true))) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    // Ingest multiple wifi config file fragments, looking for network={} blocks
    // and eliminating duplicates
    class WifiNetworkSettings {
        // One for fast lookup, one for maintaining ordering
        final HashSet<Network> mKnownNetworks = new HashSet<Network>();
        final ArrayList<Network> mNetworks = new ArrayList<Network>(8);

        public void readNetworks(BufferedReader in, List<WifiConfiguration> whitelist,
                boolean acceptEapNetworks) {
            try {
                String line;
                while (in.ready()) {
                    line = in.readLine();
                    if (line != null) {
                        // Parse out 'network=' decls so we can ignore duplicates
                        if (line.startsWith("network")) {
                            Network net = Network.readFromStream(in);
                            if (whitelist != null) {
                                if (!networkInWhitelist(net, whitelist)) {
                                    if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                                        Log.v(TAG, "Network not in whitelist, skipping: "
                                                + net.ssid + " / " + net.key_mgmt);
                                    }
                                    continue;
                                }
                            }
                            // Don't propagate EAP network definitions
                            if (net.isEap && !acceptEapNetworks) {
                                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                                    Log.v(TAG, "Skipping EAP network " + net.ssid + " / " + net.key_mgmt);
                                }
                                continue;
                            }
                            if (!mKnownNetworks.contains(net)) {
                                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                                    Log.v(TAG, "Adding " + net.ssid + " / " + net.key_mgmt);
                                }
                                mKnownNetworks.add(net);
                                mNetworks.add(net);
                            } else {
                                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                                    Log.v(TAG, "Dupe; skipped " + net.ssid + " / " + net.key_mgmt);
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // whatever happened, we're done now
            }
        }

        public void write(Writer w) throws IOException {
            for (Network net : mNetworks) {
                if (net.certUsed) {
                    // Networks that use certificates for authentication can't be restored
                    // because the certificates they need don't get restored (because they
                    // are stored in keystore, and can't be restored)
                    continue;
                }

                if (net.isEap) {
                    // Similarly, omit EAP network definitions to avoid propagating
                    // controlled enterprise network definitions.
                    continue;
                }

                net.write(w);
            }
        }

        public void dump() {
            for (Network net : mNetworks) {
                net.dump();
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onCreate() {
        if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, "onCreate() invoked");

        mSettingsHelper = new SettingsHelper(this);
        super.onCreate();

        WifiManager mWfm = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
        if (mWfm != null) mWifiConfigFile = mWfm.getConfigFile();
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackup(ParcelFileDescriptor oldState, BackupDataOutput data,
            ParcelFileDescriptor newState) throws IOException {

        byte[] systemSettingsData = getSystemSettings();
        byte[] secureSettingsData = getSecureSettings();
        byte[] globalSettingsData = getGlobalSettings();
        byte[] lockSettingsData   = getLockSettings();
        byte[] locale = mSettingsHelper.getLocaleData();
        byte[] wifiSupplicantData = getWifiSupplicant(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT);
        byte[] wifiConfigData = getFileData(mWifiConfigFile);
        byte[] softApConfigData = getSoftAPConfiguration();
        byte[] netPoliciesData = getNetworkPolicies();

        long[] stateChecksums = readOldChecksums(oldState);

        stateChecksums[STATE_SYSTEM] =
                writeIfChanged(stateChecksums[STATE_SYSTEM], KEY_SYSTEM, systemSettingsData, data);
        stateChecksums[STATE_SECURE] =
                writeIfChanged(stateChecksums[STATE_SECURE], KEY_SECURE, secureSettingsData, data);
        stateChecksums[STATE_GLOBAL] =
                writeIfChanged(stateChecksums[STATE_GLOBAL], KEY_GLOBAL, globalSettingsData, data);
        stateChecksums[STATE_LOCALE] =
                writeIfChanged(stateChecksums[STATE_LOCALE], KEY_LOCALE, locale, data);
        stateChecksums[STATE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT] =
                writeIfChanged(stateChecksums[STATE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT], KEY_WIFI_SUPPLICANT,
                        wifiSupplicantData, data);
        stateChecksums[STATE_WIFI_CONFIG] =
                writeIfChanged(stateChecksums[STATE_WIFI_CONFIG], KEY_WIFI_CONFIG, wifiConfigData,
                        data);
        stateChecksums[STATE_LOCK_SETTINGS] =
                writeIfChanged(stateChecksums[STATE_LOCK_SETTINGS], KEY_LOCK_SETTINGS,
                        lockSettingsData, data);
        stateChecksums[STATE_SOFTAP_CONFIG] =
                writeIfChanged(stateChecksums[STATE_SOFTAP_CONFIG], KEY_SOFTAP_CONFIG,
                        softApConfigData, data);
        stateChecksums[STATE_NETWORK_POLICIES] =
                writeIfChanged(stateChecksums[STATE_NETWORK_POLICIES], KEY_NETWORK_POLICIES,
                        netPoliciesData, data);

        writeNewChecksums(stateChecksums, newState);
    }

    class WifiDisableRunnable implements Runnable {
        final WifiRestoreRunnable mNextPhase;

        public WifiDisableRunnable(WifiRestoreRunnable next) {
            mNextPhase = next;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                Log.v(TAG, "Disabling wifi during restore");
            }
            final ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();
            final int scanAlways = Settings.Global.getInt(cr,
                    Settings.Global.WIFI_SCAN_ALWAYS_AVAILABLE, 0);
            final int retainedWifiState = enableWifi(false);
            if (scanAlways != 0) {
                Settings.Global.putInt(cr,
                        Settings.Global.WIFI_SCAN_ALWAYS_AVAILABLE, 0);
            }

            // Tell the final stage how to clean up after itself
            mNextPhase.setPriorState(retainedWifiState, scanAlways);

            // And run it after a modest pause to give broadcasts and content
            // observers time an opportunity to run on this looper thread, so
            // that the wifi stack actually goes all the way down.
            new Handler(getMainLooper()).postDelayed(mNextPhase, 2500);
        }
    }

    class WifiRestoreRunnable implements Runnable {
        private byte[] restoredSupplicantData;
        private byte[] restoredWifiConfigFile;
        private int retainedWifiState;  // provided by disable stage
        private int scanAlways; // provided by disable stage

        void setPriorState(int retainedState, int always) {
            retainedWifiState = retainedState;
            scanAlways = always;
        }

        void incorporateWifiSupplicant(BackupDataInput data) {
            restoredSupplicantData = new byte[data.getDataSize()];
            if (restoredSupplicantData.length <= 0) return;
            try {
                data.readEntityData(restoredSupplicantData, 0, data.getDataSize());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Unable to read supplicant data");
                restoredSupplicantData = null;
            }
        }

        void incorporateWifiConfigFile(BackupDataInput data) {
            restoredWifiConfigFile = new byte[data.getDataSize()];
            if (restoredWifiConfigFile.length <= 0) return;
            try {
                data.readEntityData(restoredWifiConfigFile, 0, data.getDataSize());
            } catch (IOException e) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Unable to read config file");
                restoredWifiConfigFile = null;
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            if (restoredSupplicantData != null || restoredWifiConfigFile != null) {
                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                    Log.v(TAG, "Applying restored wifi data");
                }
                if (restoredSupplicantData != null) {
                    restoreWifiSupplicant(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT,
                            restoredSupplicantData, restoredSupplicantData.length);
                    FileUtils.setPermissions(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT,
                            FileUtils.S_IRUSR | FileUtils.S_IWUSR
                            | FileUtils.S_IRGRP | FileUtils.S_IWGRP,
                            Process.myUid(), Process.WIFI_UID);
                }
                if (restoredWifiConfigFile != null) {
                    restoreFileData(mWifiConfigFile,
                            restoredWifiConfigFile, restoredWifiConfigFile.length);
                }
                // restore the previous WIFI state.
                if (scanAlways != 0) {
                    Settings.Global.putInt(getContentResolver(),
                            Settings.Global.WIFI_SCAN_ALWAYS_AVAILABLE, scanAlways);
                }
                enableWifi(retainedWifiState == WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLED
                        || retainedWifiState == WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLING);
            }
        }
    }

    // Instantiate the wifi-config restore runnable, scheduling it for execution
    // a minute hence
    void initWifiRestoreIfNecessary() {
        if (mWifiRestore == null) {
            mWifiRestore = new WifiRestoreRunnable();
            mWifiDisable = new WifiDisableRunnable(mWifiRestore);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRestore(BackupDataInput data, int appVersionCode,
            ParcelFileDescriptor newState) throws IOException {

        HashSet<String> movedToGlobal = new HashSet<String>();
        Settings.System.getMovedToGlobalSettings(movedToGlobal);
        Settings.Secure.getMovedToGlobalSettings(movedToGlobal);

        while (data.readNextHeader()) {
            final String key = data.getKey();
            final int size = data.getDataSize();
            switch (key) {
                case KEY_SYSTEM :
                    restoreSettings(data, Settings.System.CONTENT_URI, movedToGlobal);
                    mSettingsHelper.applyAudioSettings();
                    break;

                case KEY_SECURE :
                    restoreSettings(data, Settings.Secure.CONTENT_URI, movedToGlobal);
                    break;

                case KEY_GLOBAL :
                    restoreSettings(data, Settings.Global.CONTENT_URI, null);
                    break;

                case KEY_WIFI_SUPPLICANT :
                    initWifiRestoreIfNecessary();
                    mWifiRestore.incorporateWifiSupplicant(data);
                    break;

                case KEY_LOCALE :
                    byte[] localeData = new byte[size];
                    data.readEntityData(localeData, 0, size);
                    mSettingsHelper.setLocaleData(localeData, size);
                    break;

                case KEY_WIFI_CONFIG :
                    initWifiRestoreIfNecessary();
                    mWifiRestore.incorporateWifiConfigFile(data);
                    break;

                case KEY_LOCK_SETTINGS :
                    restoreLockSettings(data);
                    break;

                case KEY_SOFTAP_CONFIG :
                    byte[] softapData = new byte[size];
                    data.readEntityData(softapData, 0, size);
                    restoreSoftApConfiguration(softapData);
                    break;

                case KEY_NETWORK_POLICIES:
                    byte[] netPoliciesData = new byte[size];
                    data.readEntityData(netPoliciesData, 0, size);
                    restoreNetworkPolicies(netPoliciesData);
                    break;

                default :
                    data.skipEntityData();

            }
        }

        // If we have wifi data to restore, post a runnable to perform the
        // bounce-and-update operation a little ways in the future.  The
        // 'disable' runnable brings down the stack and remembers its state,
        // and in turn schedules the 'restore' runnable to do the rewrite
        // and cleanup operations.
        if (mWifiRestore != null) {
            long wifiBounceDelayMillis = Settings.Global.getLong(
                    getContentResolver(),
                    Settings.Global.WIFI_BOUNCE_DELAY_OVERRIDE_MS,
                    WIFI_BOUNCE_DELAY_MILLIS);
            new Handler(getMainLooper()).postDelayed(mWifiDisable, wifiBounceDelayMillis);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onFullBackup(FullBackupDataOutput data)  throws IOException {
        byte[] systemSettingsData = getSystemSettings();
        byte[] secureSettingsData = getSecureSettings();
        byte[] globalSettingsData = getGlobalSettings();
        byte[] lockSettingsData   = getLockSettings();
        byte[] locale = mSettingsHelper.getLocaleData();
        byte[] wifiSupplicantData = getWifiSupplicant(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT);
        byte[] wifiConfigData = getFileData(mWifiConfigFile);
        byte[] softApConfigData = getSoftAPConfiguration();
        byte[] netPoliciesData = getNetworkPolicies();

        // Write the data to the staging file, then emit that as our tarfile
        // representation of the backed-up settings.
        String root = getFilesDir().getAbsolutePath();
        File stage = new File(root, STAGE_FILE);
        try {
            FileOutputStream filestream = new FileOutputStream(stage);
            BufferedOutputStream bufstream = new BufferedOutputStream(filestream);
            DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(bufstream);

            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, "Writing flattened data version " + FULL_BACKUP_VERSION);
            out.writeInt(FULL_BACKUP_VERSION);

            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, systemSettingsData.length + " bytes of settings data");
            out.writeInt(systemSettingsData.length);
            out.write(systemSettingsData);
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                Log.d(TAG, secureSettingsData.length + " bytes of secure settings data");
            }
            out.writeInt(secureSettingsData.length);
            out.write(secureSettingsData);
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                Log.d(TAG, globalSettingsData.length + " bytes of global settings data");
            }
            out.writeInt(globalSettingsData.length);
            out.write(globalSettingsData);
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, locale.length + " bytes of locale data");
            out.writeInt(locale.length);
            out.write(locale);
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                Log.d(TAG, wifiSupplicantData.length + " bytes of wifi supplicant data");
            }
            out.writeInt(wifiSupplicantData.length);
            out.write(wifiSupplicantData);
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, wifiConfigData.length + " bytes of wifi config data");
            out.writeInt(wifiConfigData.length);
            out.write(wifiConfigData);
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, lockSettingsData.length + " bytes of lock settings data");
            out.writeInt(lockSettingsData.length);
            out.write(lockSettingsData);
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, softApConfigData.length + " bytes of softap config data");
            out.writeInt(softApConfigData.length);
            out.write(softApConfigData);
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, netPoliciesData.length + " bytes of net policies data");
            out.writeInt(netPoliciesData.length);
            out.write(netPoliciesData);

            out.flush();    // also flushes downstream

            // now we're set to emit the tar stream
            fullBackupFile(stage, data);
        } finally {
            stage.delete();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onRestoreFile(ParcelFileDescriptor data, long size,
            int type, String domain, String relpath, long mode, long mtime)
            throws IOException {
        if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, "onRestoreFile() invoked");
        // Our data is actually a blob of flattened settings data identical to that
        // produced during incremental backups.  Just unpack and apply it all in
        // turn.
        FileInputStream instream = new FileInputStream(data.getFileDescriptor());
        DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(instream);

        int version = in.readInt();
        if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, "Flattened data version " + version);
        if (version <= FULL_BACKUP_VERSION) {
            // Generate the moved-to-global lookup table
            HashSet<String> movedToGlobal = new HashSet<String>();
            Settings.System.getMovedToGlobalSettings(movedToGlobal);
            Settings.Secure.getMovedToGlobalSettings(movedToGlobal);

            // system settings data first
            int nBytes = in.readInt();
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, nBytes + " bytes of settings data");
            byte[] buffer = new byte[nBytes];
            in.readFully(buffer, 0, nBytes);
            restoreSettings(buffer, nBytes, Settings.System.CONTENT_URI, movedToGlobal);

            // secure settings
            nBytes = in.readInt();
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, nBytes + " bytes of secure settings data");
            if (nBytes > buffer.length) buffer = new byte[nBytes];
            in.readFully(buffer, 0, nBytes);
            restoreSettings(buffer, nBytes, Settings.Secure.CONTENT_URI, movedToGlobal);

            // Global only if sufficiently new
            if (version >= FULL_BACKUP_ADDED_GLOBAL) {
                nBytes = in.readInt();
                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, nBytes + " bytes of global settings data");
                if (nBytes > buffer.length) buffer = new byte[nBytes];
                in.readFully(buffer, 0, nBytes);
                movedToGlobal.clear();  // no redirection; this *is* the global namespace
                restoreSettings(buffer, nBytes, Settings.Global.CONTENT_URI, movedToGlobal);
            }

            // locale
            nBytes = in.readInt();
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, nBytes + " bytes of locale data");
            if (nBytes > buffer.length) buffer = new byte[nBytes];
            in.readFully(buffer, 0, nBytes);
            mSettingsHelper.setLocaleData(buffer, nBytes);

            // wifi supplicant
            nBytes = in.readInt();
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, nBytes + " bytes of wifi supplicant data");
            if (nBytes > buffer.length) buffer = new byte[nBytes];
            in.readFully(buffer, 0, nBytes);
            int retainedWifiState = enableWifi(false);
            restoreWifiSupplicant(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT, buffer, nBytes);
            FileUtils.setPermissions(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT,
                    FileUtils.S_IRUSR | FileUtils.S_IWUSR
                    | FileUtils.S_IRGRP | FileUtils.S_IWGRP,
                    Process.myUid(), Process.WIFI_UID);
            // retain the previous WIFI state.
            enableWifi(retainedWifiState == WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLED
                    || retainedWifiState == WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_ENABLING);

            // wifi config
            nBytes = in.readInt();
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, nBytes + " bytes of wifi config data");
            if (nBytes > buffer.length) buffer = new byte[nBytes];
            in.readFully(buffer, 0, nBytes);
            restoreFileData(mWifiConfigFile, buffer, nBytes);

            if (version >= FULL_BACKUP_ADDED_LOCK_SETTINGS) {
                nBytes = in.readInt();
                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, nBytes + " bytes of lock settings data");
                if (nBytes > buffer.length) buffer = new byte[nBytes];
                if (nBytes > 0) {
                    in.readFully(buffer, 0, nBytes);
                    restoreLockSettings(buffer, nBytes);
                }
            }
            // softap config
            if (version >= FULL_BACKUP_ADDED_SOFTAP_CONF) {
                nBytes = in.readInt();
                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, nBytes + " bytes of softap config data");
                if (nBytes > buffer.length) buffer = new byte[nBytes];
                if (nBytes > 0) {
                    in.readFully(buffer, 0, nBytes);
                    restoreSoftApConfiguration(buffer);
                }
            }
            // network policies
            if (version >= FULL_BACKUP_ADDED_NETWORK_POLICIES) {
                nBytes = in.readInt();
                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, nBytes + " bytes of network policies data");
                if (nBytes > buffer.length) buffer = new byte[nBytes];
                if (nBytes > 0) {
                    in.readFully(buffer, 0, nBytes);
                    restoreNetworkPolicies(buffer);
                }
            }
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) Log.d(TAG, "Full restore complete.");
        } else {
            data.close();
            throw new IOException("Invalid file schema");
        }
    }

    private long[] readOldChecksums(ParcelFileDescriptor oldState) throws IOException {
        long[] stateChecksums = new long[STATE_SIZE];

        DataInputStream dataInput = new DataInputStream(
                new FileInputStream(oldState.getFileDescriptor()));

        try {
            int stateVersion = dataInput.readInt();
            if (stateVersion > STATE_VERSION) {
                // Constrain the maximum state version this backup agent
                // can handle in case a newer or corrupt backup set existed
                stateVersion = STATE_VERSION;
            }
            for (int i = 0; i < STATE_SIZES[stateVersion]; i++) {
                stateChecksums[i] = dataInput.readLong();
            }
        } catch (EOFException eof) {
            // With the default 0 checksum we'll wind up forcing a backup of
            // any unhandled data sets, which is appropriate.
        }
        dataInput.close();
        return stateChecksums;
    }

    private void writeNewChecksums(long[] checksums, ParcelFileDescriptor newState)
            throws IOException {
        DataOutputStream dataOutput = new DataOutputStream(
                new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(newState.getFileDescriptor())));

        dataOutput.writeInt(STATE_VERSION);
        for (int i = 0; i < STATE_SIZE; i++) {
            dataOutput.writeLong(checksums[i]);
        }
        dataOutput.close();
    }

    private long writeIfChanged(long oldChecksum, String key, byte[] data,
            BackupDataOutput output) {
        CRC32 checkSummer = new CRC32();
        checkSummer.update(data);
        long newChecksum = checkSummer.getValue();
        if (oldChecksum == newChecksum) {
            return oldChecksum;
        }
        try {
            if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                Log.v(TAG, "Writing entity " + key + " of size " + data.length);
            }
            output.writeEntityHeader(key, data.length);
            output.writeEntityData(data, data.length);
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            // Bail
        }
        return newChecksum;
    }

    private byte[] getSystemSettings() {
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(Settings.System.CONTENT_URI, PROJECTION, null,
                null, null);
        try {
            return extractRelevantValues(cursor, Settings.System.SETTINGS_TO_BACKUP);
        } finally {
            cursor.close();
        }
    }

    private byte[] getSecureSettings() {
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(Settings.Secure.CONTENT_URI, PROJECTION, null,
                null, null);
        try {
            return extractRelevantValues(cursor, Settings.Secure.SETTINGS_TO_BACKUP);
        } finally {
            cursor.close();
        }
    }

    private byte[] getGlobalSettings() {
        Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(Settings.Global.CONTENT_URI, PROJECTION, null,
                null, null);
        try {
            return extractRelevantValues(cursor, Settings.Global.SETTINGS_TO_BACKUP);
        } finally {
            cursor.close();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Serialize the owner info settings
     */
    private byte[] getLockSettings() {
        final LockPatternUtils lockPatternUtils = new LockPatternUtils(this);
        final boolean ownerInfoEnabled = lockPatternUtils.isOwnerInfoEnabled(UserHandle.myUserId());
        final String ownerInfo = lockPatternUtils.getOwnerInfo(UserHandle.myUserId());

        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(baos);
        try {
            out.writeUTF(KEY_LOCK_SETTINGS_OWNER_INFO_ENABLED);
            out.writeUTF(ownerInfoEnabled ? "1" : "0");
            if (ownerInfo != null) {
                out.writeUTF(KEY_LOCK_SETTINGS_OWNER_INFO);
                out.writeUTF(ownerInfo != null ? ownerInfo : "");
            }
            // End marker
            out.writeUTF("");
            out.flush();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
        }
        return baos.toByteArray();
    }

    private void restoreSettings(BackupDataInput data, Uri contentUri,
            HashSet<String> movedToGlobal) {
        byte[] settings = new byte[data.getDataSize()];
        try {
            data.readEntityData(settings, 0, settings.length);
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't read entity data");
            return;
        }
        restoreSettings(settings, settings.length, contentUri, movedToGlobal);
    }

    private void restoreSettings(byte[] settings, int bytes, Uri contentUri,
            HashSet<String> movedToGlobal) {
        if (DEBUG) {
            Log.i(TAG, "restoreSettings: " + contentUri);
        }

        // Figure out the white list and redirects to the global table.
        final String[] whitelist;
        if (contentUri.equals(Settings.Secure.CONTENT_URI)) {
            whitelist = Settings.Secure.SETTINGS_TO_BACKUP;
        } else if (contentUri.equals(Settings.System.CONTENT_URI)) {
            whitelist = Settings.System.SETTINGS_TO_BACKUP;
        } else if (contentUri.equals(Settings.Global.CONTENT_URI)) {
            whitelist = Settings.Global.SETTINGS_TO_BACKUP;
        } else {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI: " + contentUri);
        }

        // Restore only the white list data.
        int pos = 0;
        Map<String, String> cachedEntries = new HashMap<String, String>();
        ContentValues contentValues = new ContentValues(2);
        SettingsHelper settingsHelper = mSettingsHelper;
        ContentResolver cr = getContentResolver();

        final int whiteListSize = whitelist.length;
        for (int i = 0; i < whiteListSize; i++) {
            String key = whitelist[i];
            String value = cachedEntries.remove(key);

            // If the value not cached, let us look it up.
            if (value == null) {
                while (pos < bytes) {
                    int length = readInt(settings, pos);
                    pos += INTEGER_BYTE_COUNT;
                    String dataKey = length > 0 ? new String(settings, pos, length) : null;
                    pos += length;
                    length = readInt(settings, pos);
                    pos += INTEGER_BYTE_COUNT;
                    String dataValue = length > 0 ? new String(settings, pos, length) : null;
                    pos += length;
                    if (key.equals(dataKey)) {
                        value = dataValue;
                        break;
                    }
                    cachedEntries.put(dataKey, dataValue);
                }
            }

            if (value == null) {
                continue;
            }

            final Uri destination = (movedToGlobal != null && movedToGlobal.contains(key))
                    ? Settings.Global.CONTENT_URI
                    : contentUri;
            settingsHelper.restoreValue(this, cr, contentValues, destination, key, value);

            if (DEBUG) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Restored setting: " + destination + " : " + key + "=" + value);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Restores the owner info enabled and owner info settings in LockSettings.
     *
     * @param buffer
     * @param nBytes
     */
    private void restoreLockSettings(byte[] buffer, int nBytes) {
        final LockPatternUtils lockPatternUtils = new LockPatternUtils(this);

        ByteArrayInputStream bais = new ByteArrayInputStream(buffer, 0, nBytes);
        DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(bais);
        try {
            String key;
            // Read until empty string marker
            while ((key = in.readUTF()).length() > 0) {
                final String value = in.readUTF();
                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                    Log.v(TAG, "Restoring lock_settings " + key + " = " + value);
                }
                switch (key) {
                    case KEY_LOCK_SETTINGS_OWNER_INFO_ENABLED:
                        lockPatternUtils.setOwnerInfoEnabled("1".equals(value),
                                UserHandle.myUserId());
                        break;
                    case KEY_LOCK_SETTINGS_OWNER_INFO:
                        lockPatternUtils.setOwnerInfo(value, UserHandle.myUserId());
                        break;
                }
            }
            in.close();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
        }
    }

    private void restoreLockSettings(BackupDataInput data) {
        final byte[] settings = new byte[data.getDataSize()];
        try {
            data.readEntityData(settings, 0, settings.length);
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't read entity data");
            return;
        }
        restoreLockSettings(settings, settings.length);
    }

    /**
     * Given a cursor and a set of keys, extract the required keys and
     * values and write them to a byte array.
     *
     * @param cursor A cursor with settings data.
     * @param settings The settings to extract.
     * @return The byte array of extracted values.
     */
    private byte[] extractRelevantValues(Cursor cursor, String[] settings) {
        final int settingsCount = settings.length;
        byte[][] values = new byte[settingsCount * 2][]; // keys and values
        if (!cursor.moveToFirst()) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Couldn't read from the cursor");
            return new byte[0];
        }

        // Obtain the relevant data in a temporary array.
        int totalSize = 0;
        int backedUpSettingIndex = 0;
        Map<String, String> cachedEntries = new HashMap<String, String>();
        for (int i = 0; i < settingsCount; i++) {
            String key = settings[i];
            String value = cachedEntries.remove(key);

            final int nameColumnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(Settings.NameValueTable.NAME);
            final int valueColumnIndex = cursor.getColumnIndex(Settings.NameValueTable.VALUE);

            // If the value not cached, let us look it up.
            if (value == null) {
                while (!cursor.isAfterLast()) {
                    String cursorKey = cursor.getString(nameColumnIndex);
                    String cursorValue = cursor.getString(valueColumnIndex);
                    cursor.moveToNext();
                    if (key.equals(cursorKey)) {
                        value = cursorValue;
                        break;
                    }
                    cachedEntries.put(cursorKey, cursorValue);
                }
            }

            // Intercept the keys and see if they need special handling
            value = mSettingsHelper.onBackupValue(key, value);

            if (value == null) {
                continue;
            }
            // Write the key and value in the intermediary array.
            byte[] keyBytes = key.getBytes();
            totalSize += INTEGER_BYTE_COUNT + keyBytes.length;
            values[backedUpSettingIndex * 2] = keyBytes;

            byte[] valueBytes = value.getBytes();
            totalSize += INTEGER_BYTE_COUNT + valueBytes.length;
            values[backedUpSettingIndex * 2 + 1] = valueBytes;

            backedUpSettingIndex++;

            if (DEBUG) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Backed up setting: " + key + "=" + value);
            }
        }

        // Aggregate the result.
        byte[] result = new byte[totalSize];
        int pos = 0;
        final int keyValuePairCount = backedUpSettingIndex * 2;
        for (int i = 0; i < keyValuePairCount; i++) {
            pos = writeInt(result, pos, values[i].length);
            pos = writeBytes(result, pos, values[i]);
        }
        return result;
    }

    private byte[] getFileData(String filename) {
        InputStream is = null;
        try {
            File file = new File(filename);
            is = new FileInputStream(file);

            //Will truncate read on a very long file,
            //should not happen for a config file
            byte[] bytes = new byte[(int) file.length()];

            int offset = 0;
            int numRead = 0;
            while (offset < bytes.length
                    && (numRead = is.read(bytes, offset, bytes.length - offset)) >= 0) {
                offset += numRead;
            }

            //read failure
            if (offset < bytes.length) {
                Log.w(TAG, "Couldn't backup " + filename);
                return EMPTY_DATA;
            }
            return bytes;
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Couldn't backup " + filename);
            return EMPTY_DATA;
        } finally {
            if (is != null) {
                try {
                    is.close();
                } catch (IOException e) {
                }
            }
        }
    }

    private void restoreFileData(String filename, byte[] bytes, int size) {
        try {
            File file = new File(filename);
            if (file.exists()) file.delete();

            OutputStream os = new BufferedOutputStream(new FileOutputStream(filename, true));
            os.write(bytes, 0, size);
            os.close();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Couldn't restore " + filename);
        }
    }


    private byte[] getWifiSupplicant(String filename) {
        BufferedReader br = null;
        try {
            File file = new File(filename);
            if (!file.exists()) {
                return EMPTY_DATA;
            }

            WifiManager wifi = (WifiManager) getSystemService(WIFI_SERVICE);
            List<WifiConfiguration> configs = wifi.getConfiguredNetworks();

            WifiNetworkSettings fromFile = new WifiNetworkSettings();
            br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));
            fromFile.readNetworks(br, configs, false);

            // Write the parsed networks into a packed byte array
            if (fromFile.mKnownNetworks.size() > 0) {
                ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
                OutputStreamWriter out = new OutputStreamWriter(bos);
                fromFile.write(out);
                out.flush();
                return bos.toByteArray();
            } else {
                return EMPTY_DATA;
            }
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Couldn't backup " + filename);
            return EMPTY_DATA;
        } finally {
            IoUtils.closeQuietly(br);
        }
    }

    private void restoreWifiSupplicant(String filename, byte[] bytes, int size) {
        try {
            WifiNetworkSettings supplicantImage = new WifiNetworkSettings();

            File supplicantFile = new File(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT);
            if (supplicantFile.exists()) {
                // Retain the existing APs; we'll append the restored ones to them
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT));
                supplicantImage.readNetworks(in, null, true);
                in.close();

                supplicantFile.delete();
            }

            // Incorporate the restore AP information
            if (size > 0) {
                char[] restoredAsBytes = new char[size];
                for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) restoredAsBytes[i] = (char) bytes[i];
                BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new CharArrayReader(restoredAsBytes));
                supplicantImage.readNetworks(in, null, false);

                if (DEBUG_BACKUP) {
                    Log.v(TAG, "Final AP list:");
                    supplicantImage.dump();
                }
            }

            // Install the correct default template
            BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(new FileWriter(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT));
            copyWifiSupplicantTemplate(bw);

            // Write the restored supplicant config and we're done
            supplicantImage.write(bw);
            bw.close();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Couldn't restore " + filename);
        }
    }

    private void copyWifiSupplicantTemplate(BufferedWriter bw) {
        try {
            BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(FILE_WIFI_SUPPLICANT_TEMPLATE));
            char[] temp = new char[1024];
            int size;
            while ((size = br.read(temp)) > 0) {
                bw.write(temp, 0, size);
            }
            br.close();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Log.w(TAG, "Couldn't copy wpa_supplicant file");
        }
    }

    private byte[] getSoftAPConfiguration() {
        WifiManager wifiManager = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
        try {
            return wifiManager.getWifiApConfiguration().getBytesForBackup();
        } catch (IOException ioe) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to marshal SoftAPConfiguration" + ioe.getMessage());
            return new byte[0];
        }
    }

    private void restoreSoftApConfiguration(byte[] data) {
        WifiManager wifiManager = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
        try {
            WifiConfiguration config = WifiConfiguration
                    .getWifiConfigFromBackup(new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data)));
            if (DEBUG) Log.d(TAG, "Successfully unMarshaled WifiConfiguration ");
            wifiManager.setWifiApConfiguration(config);
        } catch (IOException | BackupUtils.BadVersionException e) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to unMarshal SoftAPConfiguration " + e.getMessage());
        }
    }

    private byte[] getNetworkPolicies() {
        NetworkPolicyManager networkPolicyManager =
                (NetworkPolicyManager) getSystemService(NETWORK_POLICY_SERVICE);
        NetworkPolicy[] policies = networkPolicyManager.getNetworkPolicies();
        ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
        if (policies != null && policies.length != 0) {
            DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(baos);
            try {
                out.writeInt(NETWORK_POLICIES_BACKUP_VERSION);
                out.writeInt(policies.length);
                for (NetworkPolicy policy : policies) {
                    if (policy != null) {
                        byte[] marshaledPolicy = policy.getBytesForBackup();
                        out.writeByte(BackupUtils.NOT_NULL);
                        out.writeInt(marshaledPolicy.length);
                        out.write(marshaledPolicy);
                    } else {
                        out.writeByte(BackupUtils.NULL);
                    }
                }
            } catch (IOException ioe) {
                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to convert NetworkPolicies to byte array " + ioe.getMessage());
                baos.reset();
            }
        }
        return baos.toByteArray();
    }

    private void restoreNetworkPolicies(byte[] data) {
        NetworkPolicyManager networkPolicyManager =
                (NetworkPolicyManager) getSystemService(NETWORK_POLICY_SERVICE);
        if (data != null && data.length != 0) {
            DataInputStream in = new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(data));
            try {
                int version = in.readInt();
                if (version < 1 || version > NETWORK_POLICIES_BACKUP_VERSION) {
                    throw new BackupUtils.BadVersionException(
                            "Unknown Backup Serialization Version");
                }
                int length = in.readInt();
                NetworkPolicy[] policies = new NetworkPolicy[length];
                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                    byte isNull = in.readByte();
                    if (isNull == BackupUtils.NULL) continue;
                    int byteLength = in.readInt();
                    byte[] policyData = new byte[byteLength];
                    in.read(policyData, 0, byteLength);
                    policies[i] = NetworkPolicy.getNetworkPolicyFromBackup(
                            new DataInputStream(new ByteArrayInputStream(policyData)));
                }
                // Only set the policies if there was no error in the restore operation
                networkPolicyManager.setNetworkPolicies(policies);
            } catch (NullPointerException | IOException | BackupUtils.BadVersionException e) {
                // NPE can be thrown when trying to instantiate a NetworkPolicy
                Log.e(TAG, "Failed to convert byte array to NetworkPolicies " + e.getMessage());
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Write an int in BigEndian into the byte array.
     * @param out byte array
     * @param pos current pos in array
     * @param value integer to write
     * @return the index after adding the size of an int (4) in bytes.
     */
    private int writeInt(byte[] out, int pos, int value) {
        out[pos + 0] = (byte) ((value >> 24) & 0xFF);
        out[pos + 1] = (byte) ((value >> 16) & 0xFF);
        out[pos + 2] = (byte) ((value >>  8) & 0xFF);
        out[pos + 3] = (byte) ((value >>  0) & 0xFF);
        return pos + INTEGER_BYTE_COUNT;
    }

    private int writeBytes(byte[] out, int pos, byte[] value) {
        System.arraycopy(value, 0, out, pos, value.length);
        return pos + value.length;
    }

    private int readInt(byte[] in, int pos) {
        int result = ((in[pos] & 0xFF) << 24)
                | ((in[pos + 1] & 0xFF) << 16)
                | ((in[pos + 2] & 0xFF) <<  8)
                | ((in[pos + 3] & 0xFF) <<  0);
        return result;
    }

    private int enableWifi(boolean enable) {
        if (mWfm == null) {
            mWfm = (WifiManager) getSystemService(Context.WIFI_SERVICE);
        }
        if (mWfm != null) {
            int state = mWfm.getWifiState();
            mWfm.setWifiEnabled(enable);
            return state;
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "Failed to fetch WifiManager instance");
        }
        return WifiManager.WIFI_STATE_UNKNOWN;
    }
}