core/java/android/database/sqlite/SQLiteQueryBuilder.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2006 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.database.sqlite;

import android.database.Cursor;
import android.database.DatabaseUtils;
import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase;
import android.provider.BaseColumns;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Config;
import android.util.Log;

import java.util.Iterator;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.Map.Entry;

/**
 * This is a convience class that helps build SQL queries to be sent to
 * {@link SQLiteDatabase} objects.
 */
public class SQLiteQueryBuilder
{
    private static final String TAG = "SQLiteQueryBuilder";

    private Map<String, String> mProjectionMap = null;
    private String mTables = "";
    private StringBuilder mWhereClause = new StringBuilder(64);
    private boolean mDistinct;
    private SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory mFactory;

    public SQLiteQueryBuilder() {
        mDistinct = false;
        mFactory = null;
    }

    /**
     * Mark the query as DISTINCT.
     *
     * @param distinct if true the query is DISTINCT, otherwise it isn't
     */
    public void setDistinct(boolean distinct) {
        mDistinct = distinct;
    }

    /**
     * Returns the list of tables being queried
     *
     * @return the list of tables being queried
     */
    public String getTables() {
        return mTables;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the list of tables to query. Multiple tables can be specified to perform a join.
     * For example:
     *   setTables("foo, bar")
     *   setTables("foo LEFT OUTER JOIN bar ON (foo.id = bar.foo_id)")
     *
     * @param inTables the list of tables to query on
     */
    public void setTables(String inTables) {
        mTables = inTables;
    }

    /**
     * Append a chunk to the WHERE clause of the query. All chunks appended are surrounded
     * by parenthesis and ANDed with the selection passed to {@link #query}. The final
     * WHERE clause looks like:
     *
     * WHERE (&lt;append chunk 1>&lt;append chunk2>) AND (&lt;query() selection parameter>)
     *
     * @param inWhere the chunk of text to append to the WHERE clause.
     */
    public void appendWhere(CharSequence inWhere) {
        if (mWhereClause.length() == 0) {
            mWhereClause.append('(');
        }
        mWhereClause.append(inWhere);
    }

    /**
     * Append a chunk to the WHERE clause of the query. All chunks appended are surrounded
     * by parenthesis and ANDed with the selection passed to {@link #query}. The final
     * WHERE clause looks like:
     *
     * WHERE (&lt;append chunk 1>&lt;append chunk2>) AND (&lt;query() selection parameter>)
     *
     * @param inWhere the chunk of text to append to the WHERE clause. it will be escaped
     * to avoid SQL injection attacks
     */
    public void appendWhereEscapeString(String inWhere) {
        if (mWhereClause.length() == 0) {
            mWhereClause.append('(');
        }
        DatabaseUtils.appendEscapedSQLString(mWhereClause, inWhere);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the projection map for the query.  The projection map maps
     * from column names that the caller passes into query to database
     * column names. This is useful for renaming columns as well as
     * disambiguating column names when doing joins. For example you
     * could map "name" to "people.name".  If a projection map is set
     * it must contain all column names the user may request, even if
     * the key and value are the same.
     *
     * @param columnMap maps from the user column names to the database column names
     */
    public void setProjectionMap(Map<String, String> columnMap) {
        mProjectionMap = columnMap;
    }

    /**
     * Sets the cursor factory to be used for the query.  You can use
     * one factory for all queries on a database but it is normally
     * easier to specify the factory when doing this query.  @param
     * factory the factor to use
     */
    public void setCursorFactory(SQLiteDatabase.CursorFactory factory) {
        mFactory = factory;
    }

    /**
     * Build an SQL query string from the given clauses.
     *
     * @param distinct true if you want each row to be unique, false otherwise.
     * @param tables The table names to compile the query against.
     * @param columns A list of which columns to return. Passing null will
     *            return all columns, which is discouraged to prevent reading
     *            data from storage that isn't going to be used.
     * @param where A filter declaring which rows to return, formatted as an SQL
     *            WHERE clause (excluding the WHERE itself). Passing null will
     *            return all rows for the given URL.
     * @param groupBy A filter declaring how to group rows, formatted as an SQL
     *            GROUP BY clause (excluding the GROUP BY itself). Passing null
     *            will cause the rows to not be grouped.
     * @param having A filter declare which row groups to include in the cursor,
     *            if row grouping is being used, formatted as an SQL HAVING
     *            clause (excluding the HAVING itself). Passing null will cause
     *            all row groups to be included, and is required when row
     *            grouping is not being used.
     * @param orderBy How to order the rows, formatted as an SQL ORDER BY clause
     *            (excluding the ORDER BY itself). Passing null will use the
     *            default sort order, which may be unordered.
     * @param limit Limits the number of rows returned by the query,
     *            formatted as LIMIT clause. Passing null denotes no LIMIT clause.
     * @return the SQL query string
     */
    public static String buildQueryString(
            boolean distinct, String tables, String[] columns, String where,
            String groupBy, String having, String orderBy, String limit) {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(groupBy) && !TextUtils.isEmpty(having)) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                    "HAVING clauses are only permitted when using a groupBy clause");
        }

        StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder(120);

        query.append("SELECT ");
        if (distinct) {
            query.append("DISTINCT ");
        }
        if (columns != null && columns.length != 0) {
            appendColumns(query, columns);
        } else {
            query.append("* ");
        }
        query.append("FROM ");
        query.append(tables);
        appendClause(query, " WHERE ", where);
        appendClause(query, " GROUP BY ", groupBy);
        appendClause(query, " HAVING ", having);
        appendClause(query, " ORDER BY ", orderBy);
        appendClauseEscapeClause(query, " LIMIT ", limit);

        return query.toString();
    }

    private static void appendClause(StringBuilder s, String name, String clause) {
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(clause)) {
            s.append(name);
            s.append(clause);
        }
    }

    private static void appendClauseEscapeClause(StringBuilder s, String name, String clause) {
        if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(clause)) {
            s.append(name);
            DatabaseUtils.appendEscapedSQLString(s, clause);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Add the names that are non-null in columns to s, separating
     * them with commas.
     */
    public static void appendColumns(StringBuilder s, String[] columns) {
        int n = columns.length;

        for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
            String column = columns[i];

            if (column != null) {
                if (i > 0) {
                    s.append(", ");
                }
                s.append(column);
            }
        }
        s.append(' ');
    }

    /**
     * Perform a query by combining all current settings and the
     * information passed into this method.
     *
     * @param db the database to query on
     * @param projectionIn A list of which columns to return. Passing
     *   null will return all columns, which is discouraged to prevent
     *   reading data from storage that isn't going to be used.
     * @param selection A filter declaring which rows to return,
     *   formatted as an SQL WHERE clause (excluding the WHERE
     *   itself). Passing null will return all rows for the given URL.
     * @param selectionArgs You may include ?s in selection, which
     *   will be replaced by the values from selectionArgs, in order
     *   that they appear in the selection. The values will be bound
     *   as Strings.
     * @param groupBy A filter declaring how to group rows, formatted
     *   as an SQL GROUP BY clause (excluding the GROUP BY
     *   itself). Passing null will cause the rows to not be grouped.
     * @param having A filter declare which row groups to include in
     *   the cursor, if row grouping is being used, formatted as an
     *   SQL HAVING clause (excluding the HAVING itself).  Passing
     *   null will cause all row groups to be included, and is
     *   required when row grouping is not being used.
     * @param sortOrder How to order the rows, formatted as an SQL
     *   ORDER BY clause (excluding the ORDER BY itself). Passing null
     *   will use the default sort order, which may be unordered.
     * @return a cursor over the result set
     * @see android.content.ContentResolver#query(android.net.Uri, String[],
     *      String, String[], String)
     */
    public Cursor query(SQLiteDatabase db, String[] projectionIn,
            String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String groupBy,
            String having, String sortOrder) {
        return query(db, projectionIn, selection, selectionArgs, groupBy, having, sortOrder,
                null /* limit */);
    }

    /**
     * Perform a query by combining all current settings and the
     * information passed into this method.
     *
     * @param db the database to query on
     * @param projectionIn A list of which columns to return. Passing
     *   null will return all columns, which is discouraged to prevent
     *   reading data from storage that isn't going to be used.
     * @param selection A filter declaring which rows to return,
     *   formatted as an SQL WHERE clause (excluding the WHERE
     *   itself). Passing null will return all rows for the given URL.
     * @param selectionArgs You may include ?s in selection, which
     *   will be replaced by the values from selectionArgs, in order
     *   that they appear in the selection. The values will be bound
     *   as Strings.
     * @param groupBy A filter declaring how to group rows, formatted
     *   as an SQL GROUP BY clause (excluding the GROUP BY
     *   itself). Passing null will cause the rows to not be grouped.
     * @param having A filter declare which row groups to include in
     *   the cursor, if row grouping is being used, formatted as an
     *   SQL HAVING clause (excluding the HAVING itself).  Passing
     *   null will cause all row groups to be included, and is
     *   required when row grouping is not being used.
     * @param sortOrder How to order the rows, formatted as an SQL
     *   ORDER BY clause (excluding the ORDER BY itself). Passing null
     *   will use the default sort order, which may be unordered.
     * @param limit Limits the number of rows returned by the query,
     *   formatted as LIMIT clause. Passing null denotes no LIMIT clause.
     * @return a cursor over the result set
     * @see android.content.ContentResolver#query(android.net.Uri, String[],
     *      String, String[], String)
     */
    public Cursor query(SQLiteDatabase db, String[] projectionIn,
            String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String groupBy,
            String having, String sortOrder, String limit) {
        if (mTables == null) {
            return null;
        }

        String sql = buildQuery(
                projectionIn, selection, selectionArgs, groupBy, having,
                sortOrder, limit);

        if (Log.isLoggable(TAG, Log.DEBUG)) {
            Log.d(TAG, "Performing query: " + sql);
        }
        return db.rawQueryWithFactory(
                mFactory, sql, selectionArgs,
                SQLiteDatabase.findEditTable(mTables));
    }

    /**
     * Construct a SELECT statement suitable for use in a group of
     * SELECT statements that will be joined through UNION operators
     * in buildUnionQuery.
     *
     * @param projectionIn A list of which columns to return. Passing
     *    null will return all columns, which is discouraged to
     *    prevent reading data from storage that isn't going to be
     *    used.
     * @param selection A filter declaring which rows to return,
     *   formatted as an SQL WHERE clause (excluding the WHERE
     *   itself).  Passing null will return all rows for the given
     *   URL.
     * @param selectionArgs You may include ?s in selection, which
     *   will be replaced by the values from selectionArgs, in order
     *   that they appear in the selection.  The values will be bound
     *   as Strings.
     * @param groupBy A filter declaring how to group rows, formatted
     *   as an SQL GROUP BY clause (excluding the GROUP BY itself).
     *   Passing null will cause the rows to not be grouped.
     * @param having A filter declare which row groups to include in
     *   the cursor, if row grouping is being used, formatted as an
     *   SQL HAVING clause (excluding the HAVING itself).  Passing
     *   null will cause all row groups to be included, and is
     *   required when row grouping is not being used.
     * @param sortOrder How to order the rows, formatted as an SQL
     *   ORDER BY clause (excluding the ORDER BY itself). Passing null
     *   will use the default sort order, which may be unordered.
     * @param limit Limits the number of rows returned by the query,
     *   formatted as LIMIT clause. Passing null denotes no LIMIT clause.
     * @return the resulting SQL SELECT statement
     */
    public String buildQuery(
            String[] projectionIn, String selection, String[] selectionArgs,
            String groupBy, String having, String sortOrder, String limit) {
        String[] projection = computeProjection(projectionIn);

        StringBuilder where = new StringBuilder();

        if (mWhereClause.length() > 0) {
            where.append(mWhereClause.toString());
            where.append(')');
        }

        // Tack on the user's selection, if present.
        if (selection != null && selection.length() > 0) {
            if (mWhereClause.length() > 0) {
                where.append(" AND ");
            }

            where.append('(');
            where.append(selection);
            where.append(')');
        }

        return buildQueryString(
                mDistinct, mTables, projection, where.toString(),
                groupBy, having, sortOrder, limit);
    }

    /**
     * Construct a SELECT statement suitable for use in a group of
     * SELECT statements that will be joined through UNION operators
     * in buildUnionQuery.
     *
     * @param typeDiscriminatorColumn the name of the result column
     *   whose cells will contain the name of the table from which
     *   each row was drawn.
     * @param unionColumns the names of the columns to appear in the
     *   result.  This may include columns that do not appear in the
     *   table this SELECT is querying (i.e. mTables), but that do
     *   appear in one of the other tables in the UNION query that we
     *   are constructing.
     * @param columnsPresentInTable a Set of the names of the columns
     *   that appear in this table (i.e. in the table whose name is
     *   mTables).  Since columns in unionColumns include columns that
     *   appear only in other tables, we use this array to distinguish
     *   which ones actually are present.  Other columns will have
     *   NULL values for results from this subquery.
     * @param computedColumnsOffset all columns in unionColumns before
     *   this index are included under the assumption that they're
     *   computed and therefore won't appear in columnsPresentInTable,
     *   e.g. "date * 1000 as normalized_date"
     * @param typeDiscriminatorValue the value used for the
     *   type-discriminator column in this subquery
     * @param selection A filter declaring which rows to return,
     *   formatted as an SQL WHERE clause (excluding the WHERE
     *   itself).  Passing null will return all rows for the given
     *   URL.
     * @param selectionArgs You may include ?s in selection, which
     *   will be replaced by the values from selectionArgs, in order
     *   that they appear in the selection.  The values will be bound
     *   as Strings.
     * @param groupBy A filter declaring how to group rows, formatted
     *   as an SQL GROUP BY clause (excluding the GROUP BY itself).
     *   Passing null will cause the rows to not be grouped.
     * @param having A filter declare which row groups to include in
     *   the cursor, if row grouping is being used, formatted as an
     *   SQL HAVING clause (excluding the HAVING itself).  Passing
     *   null will cause all row groups to be included, and is
     *   required when row grouping is not being used.
     * @return the resulting SQL SELECT statement
     */
    public String buildUnionSubQuery(
            String typeDiscriminatorColumn,
            String[] unionColumns,
            Set<String> columnsPresentInTable,
            int computedColumnsOffset,
            String typeDiscriminatorValue,
            String selection,
            String[] selectionArgs,
            String groupBy,
            String having) {
        int unionColumnsCount = unionColumns.length;
        String[] projectionIn = new String[unionColumnsCount];

        for (int i = 0; i < unionColumnsCount; i++) {
            String unionColumn = unionColumns[i];

            if (unionColumn.equals(typeDiscriminatorColumn)) {
                projectionIn[i] = "'" + typeDiscriminatorValue + "' AS "
                        + typeDiscriminatorColumn;
            } else if (i <= computedColumnsOffset
                       || columnsPresentInTable.contains(unionColumn)) {
                projectionIn[i] = unionColumn;
            } else {
                projectionIn[i] = "NULL AS " + unionColumn;
            }
        }
        return buildQuery(
                projectionIn, selection, selectionArgs, groupBy, having,
                null /* sortOrder */,
                null /* limit */);
    }

    /**
     * Given a set of subqueries, all of which are SELECT statements,
     * construct a query that returns the union of what those
     * subqueries return.
     * @param subQueries an array of SQL SELECT statements, all of
     *   which must have the same columns as the same positions in
     *   their results
     * @param sortOrder How to order the rows, formatted as an SQL
     *   ORDER BY clause (excluding the ORDER BY itself).  Passing
     *   null will use the default sort order, which may be unordered.
     * @param limit The limit clause, which applies to the entire union result set
     *
     * @return the resulting SQL SELECT statement
     */
    public String buildUnionQuery(String[] subQueries, String sortOrder, String limit) {
        StringBuilder query = new StringBuilder(128);
        int subQueryCount = subQueries.length;
        String unionOperator = mDistinct ? " UNION " : " UNION ALL ";

        for (int i = 0; i < subQueryCount; i++) {
            if (i > 0) {
                query.append(unionOperator);
            }
            query.append(subQueries[i]);
        }
        appendClause(query, " ORDER BY ", sortOrder);
        appendClause(query, " LIMIT ", limit);
        return query.toString();
    }

    private String[] computeProjection(String[] projectionIn) {
        if (projectionIn != null && projectionIn.length > 0) {
            if (mProjectionMap != null) {
                String[] projection = new String[projectionIn.length];
                int length = projectionIn.length;

                for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
                    String userColumn = projectionIn[i];
                    String column = mProjectionMap.get(userColumn);

                    if (column == null) {
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
                                    "Invalid column " + projectionIn[i]);
                    } else {
                        projection[i] = column;
                    }
                }
                return projection;
            } else {
                return projectionIn;
            }
        } else if (mProjectionMap != null) {
            // Return all columns in projection map.
            Set<Entry<String, String>> entrySet = mProjectionMap.entrySet();
            String[] projection = new String[entrySet.size()];
            Iterator<Entry<String, String>> entryIter = entrySet.iterator();
            int i = 0;

            while (entryIter.hasNext()) {
                Entry<String, String> entry = entryIter.next();

                // Don't include the _count column when people ask for no projection.
                if (entry.getKey().equals(BaseColumns._COUNT)) {
                    continue;
                }
                projection[i++] = entry.getValue();
            }
            return projection;
        }
        return null;
    }
}