core/java/android/app/FragmentManager.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2010 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package android.app;

import android.animation.Animator;
import android.animation.AnimatorInflater;
import android.animation.AnimatorListenerAdapter;
import android.animation.AnimatorSet;
import android.animation.PropertyValuesHolder;
import android.animation.ValueAnimator;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.res.Configuration;
import android.content.res.Resources.NotFoundException;
import android.content.res.TypedArray;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Debug;
import android.os.Looper;
import android.os.Parcel;
import android.os.Parcelable;
import android.transition.Transition;
import android.util.AttributeSet;
import android.util.DebugUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.LogWriter;
import android.util.SparseArray;
import android.util.SuperNotCalledException;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuInflater;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import com.android.internal.util.FastPrintWriter;

import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * Interface for interacting with {@link Fragment} objects inside of an
 * {@link Activity}
 *
 * <div class="special reference">
 * <h3>Developer Guides</h3>
 * <p>For more information about using fragments, read the
 * <a href="{@docRoot}guide/components/fragments.html">Fragments</a> developer guide.</p>
 * </div>
 *
 * While the FragmentManager API was introduced in
 * {@link android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES#HONEYCOMB}, a version of the API
 * at is also available for use on older platforms through
 * {@link android.support.v4.app.FragmentActivity}.  See the blog post
 * <a href="http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2011/03/fragments-for-all.html">
 * Fragments For All</a> for more details.
 */
public abstract class FragmentManager {
    /**
     * Representation of an entry on the fragment back stack, as created
     * with {@link FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack(String)
     * FragmentTransaction.addToBackStack()}.  Entries can later be
     * retrieved with {@link FragmentManager#getBackStackEntryAt(int)
     * FragmentManager.getBackStackEntryAt()}.
     *
     * <p>Note that you should never hold on to a BackStackEntry object;
     * the identifier as returned by {@link #getId} is the only thing that
     * will be persisted across activity instances.
     */
    public interface BackStackEntry {
        /**
         * Return the unique identifier for the entry.  This is the only
         * representation of the entry that will persist across activity
         * instances.
         */
        public int getId();

        /**
         * Get the name that was supplied to
         * {@link FragmentTransaction#addToBackStack(String)
         * FragmentTransaction.addToBackStack(String)} when creating this entry.
         */
        public String getName();

        /**
         * Return the full bread crumb title resource identifier for the entry,
         * or 0 if it does not have one.
         */
        public int getBreadCrumbTitleRes();

        /**
         * Return the short bread crumb title resource identifier for the entry,
         * or 0 if it does not have one.
         */
        public int getBreadCrumbShortTitleRes();

        /**
         * Return the full bread crumb title for the entry, or null if it
         * does not have one.
         */
        public CharSequence getBreadCrumbTitle();

        /**
         * Return the short bread crumb title for the entry, or null if it
         * does not have one.
         */
        public CharSequence getBreadCrumbShortTitle();
    }

    /**
     * Interface to watch for changes to the back stack.
     */
    public interface OnBackStackChangedListener {
        /**
         * Called whenever the contents of the back stack change.
         */
        public void onBackStackChanged();
    }

    /**
     * Start a series of edit operations on the Fragments associated with
     * this FragmentManager.
     * 
     * <p>Note: A fragment transaction can only be created/committed prior
     * to an activity saving its state.  If you try to commit a transaction
     * after {@link Activity#onSaveInstanceState Activity.onSaveInstanceState()}
     * (and prior to a following {@link Activity#onStart Activity.onStart}
     * or {@link Activity#onResume Activity.onResume()}, you will get an error.
     * This is because the framework takes care of saving your current fragments
     * in the state, and if changes are made after the state is saved then they
     * will be lost.</p>
     */
    public abstract FragmentTransaction beginTransaction();

    /** @hide -- remove once prebuilts are in. */
    @Deprecated
    public FragmentTransaction openTransaction() {
        return beginTransaction();
    }
    
    /**
     * After a {@link FragmentTransaction} is committed with
     * {@link FragmentTransaction#commit FragmentTransaction.commit()}, it
     * is scheduled to be executed asynchronously on the process's main thread.
     * If you want to immediately executing any such pending operations, you
     * can call this function (only from the main thread) to do so.  Note that
     * all callbacks and other related behavior will be done from within this
     * call, so be careful about where this is called from.
     *
     * @return Returns true if there were any pending transactions to be
     * executed.
     */
    public abstract boolean executePendingTransactions();

    /**
     * Finds a fragment that was identified by the given id either when inflated
     * from XML or as the container ID when added in a transaction.  This first
     * searches through fragments that are currently added to the manager's
     * activity; if no such fragment is found, then all fragments currently
     * on the back stack associated with this ID are searched.
     * @return The fragment if found or null otherwise.
     */
    public abstract Fragment findFragmentById(int id);

    /**
     * Finds a fragment that was identified by the given tag either when inflated
     * from XML or as supplied when added in a transaction.  This first
     * searches through fragments that are currently added to the manager's
     * activity; if no such fragment is found, then all fragments currently
     * on the back stack are searched.
     * @return The fragment if found or null otherwise.
     */
    public abstract Fragment findFragmentByTag(String tag);

    /**
     * Flag for {@link #popBackStack(String, int)}
     * and {@link #popBackStack(int, int)}: If set, and the name or ID of
     * a back stack entry has been supplied, then all matching entries will
     * be consumed until one that doesn't match is found or the bottom of
     * the stack is reached.  Otherwise, all entries up to but not including that entry
     * will be removed.
     */
    public static final int POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE = 1<<0;

    /**
     * Pop the top state off the back stack.  This function is asynchronous -- it
     * enqueues the request to pop, but the action will not be performed until the
     * application returns to its event loop.
     */
    public abstract void popBackStack();

    /**
     * Like {@link #popBackStack()}, but performs the operation immediately
     * inside of the call.  This is like calling {@link #executePendingTransactions()}
     * afterwards.
     * @return Returns true if there was something popped, else false.
     */
    public abstract boolean popBackStackImmediate();

    /**
     * Pop the last fragment transition from the manager's fragment
     * back stack.  If there is nothing to pop, false is returned.
     * This function is asynchronous -- it enqueues the
     * request to pop, but the action will not be performed until the application
     * returns to its event loop.
     * 
     * @param name If non-null, this is the name of a previous back state
     * to look for; if found, all states up to that state will be popped.  The
     * {@link #POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE} flag can be used to control whether
     * the named state itself is popped. If null, only the top state is popped.
     * @param flags Either 0 or {@link #POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE}.
     */
    public abstract void popBackStack(String name, int flags);

    /**
     * Like {@link #popBackStack(String, int)}, but performs the operation immediately
     * inside of the call.  This is like calling {@link #executePendingTransactions()}
     * afterwards.
     * @return Returns true if there was something popped, else false.
     */
    public abstract boolean popBackStackImmediate(String name, int flags);

    /**
     * Pop all back stack states up to the one with the given identifier.
     * This function is asynchronous -- it enqueues the
     * request to pop, but the action will not be performed until the application
     * returns to its event loop.
     * 
     * @param id Identifier of the stated to be popped. If no identifier exists,
     * false is returned.
     * The identifier is the number returned by
     * {@link FragmentTransaction#commit() FragmentTransaction.commit()}.  The
     * {@link #POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE} flag can be used to control whether
     * the named state itself is popped.
     * @param flags Either 0 or {@link #POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE}.
     */
    public abstract void popBackStack(int id, int flags);

    /**
     * Like {@link #popBackStack(int, int)}, but performs the operation immediately
     * inside of the call.  This is like calling {@link #executePendingTransactions()}
     * afterwards.
     * @return Returns true if there was something popped, else false.
     */
    public abstract boolean popBackStackImmediate(int id, int flags);

    /**
     * Return the number of entries currently in the back stack.
     */
    public abstract int getBackStackEntryCount();

    /**
     * Return the BackStackEntry at index <var>index</var> in the back stack;
     * where the item on the bottom of the stack has index 0.
     */
    public abstract BackStackEntry getBackStackEntryAt(int index);

    /**
     * Add a new listener for changes to the fragment back stack.
     */
    public abstract void addOnBackStackChangedListener(OnBackStackChangedListener listener);

    /**
     * Remove a listener that was previously added with
     * {@link #addOnBackStackChangedListener(OnBackStackChangedListener)}.
     */
    public abstract void removeOnBackStackChangedListener(OnBackStackChangedListener listener);

    /**
     * Put a reference to a fragment in a Bundle.  This Bundle can be
     * persisted as saved state, and when later restoring
     * {@link #getFragment(Bundle, String)} will return the current
     * instance of the same fragment.
     *
     * @param bundle The bundle in which to put the fragment reference.
     * @param key The name of the entry in the bundle.
     * @param fragment The Fragment whose reference is to be stored.
     */
    public abstract void putFragment(Bundle bundle, String key, Fragment fragment);

    /**
     * Retrieve the current Fragment instance for a reference previously
     * placed with {@link #putFragment(Bundle, String, Fragment)}.
     *
     * @param bundle The bundle from which to retrieve the fragment reference.
     * @param key The name of the entry in the bundle.
     * @return Returns the current Fragment instance that is associated with
     * the given reference.
     */
    public abstract Fragment getFragment(Bundle bundle, String key);

    /**
     * Save the current instance state of the given Fragment.  This can be
     * used later when creating a new instance of the Fragment and adding
     * it to the fragment manager, to have it create itself to match the
     * current state returned here.  Note that there are limits on how
     * this can be used:
     *
     * <ul>
     * <li>The Fragment must currently be attached to the FragmentManager.
     * <li>A new Fragment created using this saved state must be the same class
     * type as the Fragment it was created from.
     * <li>The saved state can not contain dependencies on other fragments --
     * that is it can't use {@link #putFragment(Bundle, String, Fragment)} to
     * store a fragment reference because that reference may not be valid when
     * this saved state is later used.  Likewise the Fragment's target and
     * result code are not included in this state.
     * </ul>
     *
     * @param f The Fragment whose state is to be saved.
     * @return The generated state.  This will be null if there was no
     * interesting state created by the fragment.
     */
    public abstract Fragment.SavedState saveFragmentInstanceState(Fragment f);

    /**
     * Returns true if the final {@link Activity#onDestroy() Activity.onDestroy()}
     * call has been made on the FragmentManager's Activity, so this instance is now dead.
     */
    public abstract boolean isDestroyed();

    /**
     * Print the FragmentManager's state into the given stream.
     *
     * @param prefix Text to print at the front of each line.
     * @param fd The raw file descriptor that the dump is being sent to.
     * @param writer A PrintWriter to which the dump is to be set.
     * @param args Additional arguments to the dump request.
     */
    public abstract void dump(String prefix, FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args);

    /**
     * Control whether the framework's internal fragment manager debugging
     * logs are turned on.  If enabled, you will see output in logcat as
     * the framework performs fragment operations.
     */
    public static void enableDebugLogging(boolean enabled) {
        FragmentManagerImpl.DEBUG = enabled;
    }

    /**
     * Invalidate the attached activity's options menu as necessary.
     * This may end up being deferred until we move to the resumed state.
     */
    public void invalidateOptionsMenu() { }
}

final class FragmentManagerState implements Parcelable {
    FragmentState[] mActive;
    int[] mAdded;
    BackStackState[] mBackStack;
    
    public FragmentManagerState() {
    }
    
    public FragmentManagerState(Parcel in) {
        mActive = in.createTypedArray(FragmentState.CREATOR);
        mAdded = in.createIntArray();
        mBackStack = in.createTypedArray(BackStackState.CREATOR);
    }
    
    public int describeContents() {
        return 0;
    }

    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {
        dest.writeTypedArray(mActive, flags);
        dest.writeIntArray(mAdded);
        dest.writeTypedArray(mBackStack, flags);
    }
    
    public static final Parcelable.Creator<FragmentManagerState> CREATOR
            = new Parcelable.Creator<FragmentManagerState>() {
        public FragmentManagerState createFromParcel(Parcel in) {
            return new FragmentManagerState(in);
        }
        
        public FragmentManagerState[] newArray(int size) {
            return new FragmentManagerState[size];
        }
    };
}

/**
 * Container for fragments associated with an activity.
 */
final class FragmentManagerImpl extends FragmentManager implements LayoutInflater.Factory2 {
    static boolean DEBUG = false;
    static final String TAG = "FragmentManager";
    
    static final String TARGET_REQUEST_CODE_STATE_TAG = "android:target_req_state";
    static final String TARGET_STATE_TAG = "android:target_state";
    static final String VIEW_STATE_TAG = "android:view_state";
    static final String USER_VISIBLE_HINT_TAG = "android:user_visible_hint";

    static class AnimateOnHWLayerIfNeededListener implements Animator.AnimatorListener {
        private boolean mShouldRunOnHWLayer = false;
        private View mView;
        public AnimateOnHWLayerIfNeededListener(final View v) {
            if (v == null) {
                return;
            }
            mView = v;
        }

        @Override
        public void onAnimationStart(Animator animation) {
            mShouldRunOnHWLayer = shouldRunOnHWLayer(mView, animation);
            if (mShouldRunOnHWLayer) {
                mView.setLayerType(View.LAYER_TYPE_HARDWARE, null);
            }
        }

        @Override
        public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
            if (mShouldRunOnHWLayer) {
                mView.setLayerType(View.LAYER_TYPE_NONE, null);
            }
            mView = null;
            animation.removeListener(this);
        }

        @Override
        public void onAnimationCancel(Animator animation) {

        }

        @Override
        public void onAnimationRepeat(Animator animation) {

        }
    }

    ArrayList<OpGenerator> mPendingActions;
    boolean mExecutingActions;
    
    ArrayList<Fragment> mActive;
    ArrayList<Fragment> mAdded;
    ArrayList<Integer> mAvailIndices;
    ArrayList<BackStackRecord> mBackStack;
    ArrayList<Fragment> mCreatedMenus;
    
    // Must be accessed while locked.
    ArrayList<BackStackRecord> mBackStackIndices;
    ArrayList<Integer> mAvailBackStackIndices;

    ArrayList<OnBackStackChangedListener> mBackStackChangeListeners;

    int mCurState = Fragment.INITIALIZING;
    FragmentHostCallback<?> mHost;
    FragmentContainer mContainer;
    Fragment mParent;
    
    boolean mNeedMenuInvalidate;
    boolean mStateSaved;
    boolean mDestroyed;
    String mNoTransactionsBecause;
    boolean mHavePendingDeferredStart;

    // Temporary vars for optimizing execution of BackStackRecords:
    ArrayList<BackStackRecord> mTmpRecords;
    ArrayList<Boolean> mTmpIsPop;
    SparseArray<BackStackRecord.FragmentContainerTransition> mTmpFragmentsContainerTransitions;
    ArrayList<Fragment> mTmpAddedFragments;

    // Temporary vars for state save and restore.
    Bundle mStateBundle = null;
    SparseArray<Parcelable> mStateArray = null;
    
    Runnable mExecCommit = new Runnable() {
        @Override
        public void run() {
            execPendingActions();
        }
    };

    private void throwException(RuntimeException ex) {
        Log.e(TAG, ex.getMessage());
        LogWriter logw = new LogWriter(Log.ERROR, TAG);
        PrintWriter pw = new FastPrintWriter(logw, false, 1024);
        if (mHost != null) {
            Log.e(TAG, "Activity state:");
            try {
                mHost.onDump("  ", null, pw, new String[] { });
            } catch (Exception e) {
                pw.flush();
                Log.e(TAG, "Failed dumping state", e);
            }
        } else {
            Log.e(TAG, "Fragment manager state:");
            try {
                dump("  ", null, pw, new String[] { });
            } catch (Exception e) {
                pw.flush();
                Log.e(TAG, "Failed dumping state", e);
            }
        }
        pw.flush();
        throw ex;
    }

    static boolean modifiesAlpha(Animator anim) {
        if (anim == null) {
            return false;
        }
        if (anim instanceof ValueAnimator) {
            ValueAnimator valueAnim = (ValueAnimator) anim;
            PropertyValuesHolder[] values = valueAnim.getValues();
            for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
                if (("alpha").equals(values[i].getPropertyName())) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        } else if (anim instanceof AnimatorSet) {
            List<Animator> animList = ((AnimatorSet) anim).getChildAnimations();
            for (int i = 0; i < animList.size(); i++) {
                if (modifiesAlpha(animList.get(i))) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    static boolean shouldRunOnHWLayer(View v, Animator anim) {
        if (v == null || anim == null) {
            return false;
        }
        return v.getLayerType() == View.LAYER_TYPE_NONE
                && v.hasOverlappingRendering()
                && modifiesAlpha(anim);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the to be animated view on hardware layer during the animation.
     */
    private void setHWLayerAnimListenerIfAlpha(final View v, Animator anim) {
        if (v == null || anim == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (shouldRunOnHWLayer(v, anim)) {
            anim.addListener(new AnimateOnHWLayerIfNeededListener(v));
        }
    }

    @Override
    public FragmentTransaction beginTransaction() {
        return new BackStackRecord(this);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean executePendingTransactions() {
        return execPendingActions();
    }

    @Override
    public void popBackStack() {
        enqueueAction(new PopBackStackState(null, -1, 0), false);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean popBackStackImmediate() {
        checkStateLoss();
        return popBackStackImmediate(null, -1, 0);
    }

    @Override
    public void popBackStack(String name, int flags) {
        enqueueAction(new PopBackStackState(name, -1, flags), false);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean popBackStackImmediate(String name, int flags) {
        checkStateLoss();
        return popBackStackImmediate(name, -1, flags);
    }

    @Override
    public void popBackStack(int id, int flags) {
        if (id < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad id: " + id);
        }
        enqueueAction(new PopBackStackState(null, id, flags), false);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean popBackStackImmediate(int id, int flags) {
        checkStateLoss();
        if (id < 0) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Bad id: " + id);
        }
        return popBackStackImmediate(null, id, flags);
    }

    /**
     * Used by all public popBackStackImmediate methods, this executes pending transactions and
     * returns true if the pop action did anything, regardless of what other pending
     * transactions did.
     *
     * @return true if the pop operation did anything or false otherwise.
     */
    private boolean popBackStackImmediate(String name, int id, int flags) {
        executePendingTransactions();
        ensureExecReady(true);

        boolean executePop = popBackStackState(mTmpRecords, mTmpIsPop, name, id, flags);
        if (executePop) {
            mExecutingActions = true;
            try {
                optimizeAndExecuteOps(mTmpRecords, mTmpIsPop);
            } finally {
                cleanupExec();
            }
        }

        doPendingDeferredStart();
        return executePop;
    }

    @Override
    public int getBackStackEntryCount() {
        return mBackStack != null ? mBackStack.size() : 0;
    }

    @Override
    public BackStackEntry getBackStackEntryAt(int index) {
        return mBackStack.get(index);
    }

    @Override
    public void addOnBackStackChangedListener(OnBackStackChangedListener listener) {
        if (mBackStackChangeListeners == null) {
            mBackStackChangeListeners = new ArrayList<OnBackStackChangedListener>();
        }
        mBackStackChangeListeners.add(listener);
    }

    @Override
    public void removeOnBackStackChangedListener(OnBackStackChangedListener listener) {
        if (mBackStackChangeListeners != null) {
            mBackStackChangeListeners.remove(listener);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void putFragment(Bundle bundle, String key, Fragment fragment) {
        if (fragment.mIndex < 0) {
            throwException(new IllegalStateException("Fragment " + fragment
                    + " is not currently in the FragmentManager"));
        }
        bundle.putInt(key, fragment.mIndex);
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment getFragment(Bundle bundle, String key) {
        int index = bundle.getInt(key, -1);
        if (index == -1) {
            return null;
        }
        if (index >= mActive.size()) {
            throwException(new IllegalStateException("Fragment no longer exists for key "
                    + key + ": index " + index));
        }
        Fragment f = mActive.get(index);
        if (f == null) {
            throwException(new IllegalStateException("Fragment no longer exists for key "
                    + key + ": index " + index));
        }
        return f;
    }

    @Override
    public Fragment.SavedState saveFragmentInstanceState(Fragment fragment) {
        if (fragment.mIndex < 0) {
            throwException(new IllegalStateException("Fragment " + fragment
                    + " is not currently in the FragmentManager"));
        }
        if (fragment.mState > Fragment.INITIALIZING) {
            Bundle result = saveFragmentBasicState(fragment);
            return result != null ? new Fragment.SavedState(result) : null;
        }
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isDestroyed() {
        return mDestroyed;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(128);
        sb.append("FragmentManager{");
        sb.append(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)));
        sb.append(" in ");
        if (mParent != null) {
            DebugUtils.buildShortClassTag(mParent, sb);
        } else {
            DebugUtils.buildShortClassTag(mHost, sb);
        }
        sb.append("}}");
        return sb.toString();
    }

    @Override
    public void dump(String prefix, FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) {
        String innerPrefix = prefix + "    ";

        int N;
        if (mActive != null) {
            N = mActive.size();
            if (N > 0) {
                writer.print(prefix); writer.print("Active Fragments in ");
                        writer.print(Integer.toHexString(System.identityHashCode(this)));
                        writer.println(":");
                for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                    Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
                    writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  #"); writer.print(i);
                            writer.print(": "); writer.println(f);
                    if (f != null) {
                        f.dump(innerPrefix, fd, writer, args);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if (mAdded != null) {
            N = mAdded.size();
            if (N > 0) {
                writer.print(prefix); writer.println("Added Fragments:");
                for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                    Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                    writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  #"); writer.print(i);
                            writer.print(": "); writer.println(f.toString());
                }
            }
        }

        if (mCreatedMenus != null) {
            N = mCreatedMenus.size();
            if (N > 0) {
                writer.print(prefix); writer.println("Fragments Created Menus:");
                for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                    Fragment f = mCreatedMenus.get(i);
                    writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  #"); writer.print(i);
                            writer.print(": "); writer.println(f.toString());
                }
            }
        }

        if (mBackStack != null) {
            N = mBackStack.size();
            if (N > 0) {
                writer.print(prefix); writer.println("Back Stack:");
                for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                    BackStackRecord bs = mBackStack.get(i);
                    writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  #"); writer.print(i);
                            writer.print(": "); writer.println(bs.toString());
                    bs.dump(innerPrefix, fd, writer, args);
                }
            }
        }

        synchronized (this) {
            if (mBackStackIndices != null) {
                N = mBackStackIndices.size();
                if (N > 0) {
                    writer.print(prefix); writer.println("Back Stack Indices:");
                    for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                        BackStackRecord bs = mBackStackIndices.get(i);
                        writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  #"); writer.print(i);
                                writer.print(": "); writer.println(bs);
                    }
                }
            }

            if (mAvailBackStackIndices != null && mAvailBackStackIndices.size() > 0) {
                writer.print(prefix); writer.print("mAvailBackStackIndices: ");
                        writer.println(Arrays.toString(mAvailBackStackIndices.toArray()));
            }
        }

        if (mPendingActions != null) {
            N = mPendingActions.size();
            if (N > 0) {
                writer.print(prefix); writer.println("Pending Actions:");
                for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                    OpGenerator r = mPendingActions.get(i);
                    writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  #"); writer.print(i);
                            writer.print(": "); writer.println(r);
                }
            }
        }

        writer.print(prefix); writer.println("FragmentManager misc state:");
        writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  mHost="); writer.println(mHost);
        writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  mContainer="); writer.println(mContainer);
        if (mParent != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  mParent="); writer.println(mParent);
        }
        writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  mCurState="); writer.print(mCurState);
                writer.print(" mStateSaved="); writer.print(mStateSaved);
                writer.print(" mDestroyed="); writer.println(mDestroyed);
        if (mNeedMenuInvalidate) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  mNeedMenuInvalidate=");
                    writer.println(mNeedMenuInvalidate);
        }
        if (mNoTransactionsBecause != null) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  mNoTransactionsBecause=");
                    writer.println(mNoTransactionsBecause);
        }
        if (mAvailIndices != null && mAvailIndices.size() > 0) {
            writer.print(prefix); writer.print("  mAvailIndices: ");
                    writer.println(Arrays.toString(mAvailIndices.toArray()));
        }
    }

    Animator loadAnimator(Fragment fragment, int transit, boolean enter,
            int transitionStyle) {
        Animator animObj = fragment.onCreateAnimator(transit, enter,
                fragment.mNextAnim);
        if (animObj != null) {
            return animObj;
        }
        
        if (fragment.mNextAnim != 0) {
            Animator anim = AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(mHost.getContext(), fragment.mNextAnim);
            if (anim != null) {
                return anim;
            }
        }
        
        if (transit == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        
        int styleIndex = transitToStyleIndex(transit, enter);
        if (styleIndex < 0) {
            return null;
        }
        
        if (transitionStyle == 0 && mHost.onHasWindowAnimations()) {
            transitionStyle = mHost.onGetWindowAnimations();
        }
        if (transitionStyle == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        
        TypedArray attrs = mHost.getContext().obtainStyledAttributes(transitionStyle,
                com.android.internal.R.styleable.FragmentAnimation);
        int anim = attrs.getResourceId(styleIndex, 0);
        attrs.recycle();
        
        if (anim == 0) {
            return null;
        }
        
        return AnimatorInflater.loadAnimator(mHost.getContext(), anim);
    }
    
    public void performPendingDeferredStart(Fragment f) {
        if (f.mDeferStart) {
            if (mExecutingActions) {
                // Wait until we're done executing our pending transactions
                mHavePendingDeferredStart = true;
                return;
            }
            f.mDeferStart = false;
            moveToState(f, mCurState, 0, 0, false);
        }
    }

    boolean isStateAtLeast(int state) {
        return mCurState >= state;
    }

    void moveToState(Fragment f, int newState, int transit, int transitionStyle,
            boolean keepActive) {
        if (DEBUG && false) Log.v(TAG, "moveToState: " + f
            + " oldState=" + f.mState + " newState=" + newState
            + " mRemoving=" + f.mRemoving + " Callers=" + Debug.getCallers(5));

        // Fragments that are not currently added will sit in the onCreate() state.
        if ((!f.mAdded || f.mDetached) && newState > Fragment.CREATED) {
            newState = Fragment.CREATED;
        }
        if (f.mRemoving && newState > f.mState) {
            // While removing a fragment, we can't change it to a higher state.
            newState = f.mState;
        }
        // Defer start if requested; don't allow it to move to STARTED or higher
        // if it's not already started.
        if (f.mDeferStart && f.mState < Fragment.STARTED && newState > Fragment.STOPPED) {
            newState = Fragment.STOPPED;
        }
        if (f.mState < newState) {
            // For fragments that are created from a layout, when restoring from
            // state we don't want to allow them to be created until they are
            // being reloaded from the layout.
            if (f.mFromLayout && !f.mInLayout) {
                return;
            }
            if (f.mAnimatingAway != null) {
                // The fragment is currently being animated...  but!  Now we
                // want to move our state back up.  Give up on waiting for the
                // animation, move to whatever the final state should be once
                // the animation is done, and then we can proceed from there.
                f.mAnimatingAway = null;
                moveToState(f, f.mStateAfterAnimating, 0, 0, true);
            }
            switch (f.mState) {
                case Fragment.INITIALIZING:
                    if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "moveto CREATED: " + f);
                    if (f.mSavedFragmentState != null) {
                        f.mSavedViewState = f.mSavedFragmentState.getSparseParcelableArray(
                                FragmentManagerImpl.VIEW_STATE_TAG);
                        f.mTarget = getFragment(f.mSavedFragmentState,
                                FragmentManagerImpl.TARGET_STATE_TAG);
                        if (f.mTarget != null) {
                            f.mTargetRequestCode = f.mSavedFragmentState.getInt(
                                    FragmentManagerImpl.TARGET_REQUEST_CODE_STATE_TAG, 0);
                        }
                        f.mUserVisibleHint = f.mSavedFragmentState.getBoolean(
                                FragmentManagerImpl.USER_VISIBLE_HINT_TAG, true);
                        if (!f.mUserVisibleHint) {
                            f.mDeferStart = true;
                            if (newState > Fragment.STOPPED) {
                                newState = Fragment.STOPPED;
                            }
                        }
                    }
                    f.mHost = mHost;
                    f.mParentFragment = mParent;
                    f.mFragmentManager = mParent != null
                            ? mParent.mChildFragmentManager : mHost.getFragmentManagerImpl();
                    f.mCalled = false;
                    f.onAttach(mHost.getContext());
                    if (!f.mCalled) {
                        throw new SuperNotCalledException("Fragment " + f
                                + " did not call through to super.onAttach()");
                    }
                    if (f.mParentFragment == null) {
                        mHost.onAttachFragment(f);
                    } else {
                        f.mParentFragment.onAttachFragment(f);
                    }

                    if (!f.mRetaining) {
                        f.performCreate(f.mSavedFragmentState);
                    } else {
                        f.restoreChildFragmentState(f.mSavedFragmentState, true);
                        f.mState = Fragment.CREATED;
                    }
                    f.mRetaining = false;
                    if (f.mFromLayout) {
                        // For fragments that are part of the content view
                        // layout, we need to instantiate the view immediately
                        // and the inflater will take care of adding it.
                        f.mView = f.performCreateView(f.getLayoutInflater(
                                f.mSavedFragmentState), null, f.mSavedFragmentState);
                        if (f.mView != null) {
                            f.mView.setSaveFromParentEnabled(false);
                            if (f.mHidden) f.mView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                            f.onViewCreated(f.mView, f.mSavedFragmentState);
                        }
                    }
                case Fragment.CREATED:
                    if (newState > Fragment.CREATED) {
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "moveto ACTIVITY_CREATED: " + f);
                        if (!f.mFromLayout) {
                            ViewGroup container = null;
                            if (f.mContainerId != 0) {
                                if (f.mContainerId == View.NO_ID) {
                                    throwException(new IllegalArgumentException(
                                            "Cannot create fragment "
                                                    + f
                                                    + " for a container view with no id"));
                                }
                                container = (ViewGroup) mContainer.onFindViewById(f.mContainerId);
                                if (container == null && !f.mRestored) {
                                    String resName;
                                    try {
                                        resName = f.getResources().getResourceName(f.mContainerId);
                                    } catch (NotFoundException e) {
                                        resName = "unknown";
                                    }
                                    throwException(new IllegalArgumentException(
                                            "No view found for id 0x"
                                            + Integer.toHexString(f.mContainerId) + " ("
                                            + resName
                                            + ") for fragment " + f));
                                }
                            }
                            f.mContainer = container;
                            f.mView = f.performCreateView(f.getLayoutInflater(
                                    f.mSavedFragmentState), container, f.mSavedFragmentState);
                            if (f.mView != null) {
                                f.mView.setSaveFromParentEnabled(false);
                                if (container != null) {
                                    Animator anim = loadAnimator(f, transit, true,
                                            transitionStyle);
                                    if (anim != null) {
                                        anim.setTarget(f.mView);
                                        setHWLayerAnimListenerIfAlpha(f.mView, anim);
                                        anim.start();
                                    }
                                    container.addView(f.mView);
                                }
                                if (f.mHidden) f.mView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                                f.onViewCreated(f.mView, f.mSavedFragmentState);
                            }
                        }

                        f.performActivityCreated(f.mSavedFragmentState);
                        if (f.mView != null) {
                            f.restoreViewState(f.mSavedFragmentState);
                        }
                        f.mSavedFragmentState = null;
                    }
                case Fragment.ACTIVITY_CREATED:
                    if (newState > Fragment.ACTIVITY_CREATED) {
                        f.mState = Fragment.STOPPED;
                    }
                case Fragment.STOPPED:
                    if (newState > Fragment.STOPPED) {
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "moveto STARTED: " + f);
                        f.performStart();
                    }
                case Fragment.STARTED:
                    if (newState > Fragment.STARTED) {
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "moveto RESUMED: " + f);
                        f.performResume();
                        // Get rid of this in case we saved it and never needed it.
                        f.mSavedFragmentState = null;
                        f.mSavedViewState = null;
                    }
            }
        } else if (f.mState > newState) {
            switch (f.mState) {
                case Fragment.RESUMED:
                    if (newState < Fragment.RESUMED) {
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "movefrom RESUMED: " + f);
                        f.performPause();
                    }
                case Fragment.STARTED:
                    if (newState < Fragment.STARTED) {
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "movefrom STARTED: " + f);
                        f.performStop();
                    }
                case Fragment.STOPPED:
                case Fragment.ACTIVITY_CREATED:
                    if (newState < Fragment.ACTIVITY_CREATED) {
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "movefrom ACTIVITY_CREATED: " + f);
                        if (f.mView != null) {
                            // Need to save the current view state if not
                            // done already.
                            if (mHost.onShouldSaveFragmentState(f) && f.mSavedViewState == null) {
                                saveFragmentViewState(f);
                            }
                        }
                        f.performDestroyView();
                        if (f.mView != null && f.mContainer != null) {
                            Animator anim = null;
                            if (mCurState > Fragment.INITIALIZING && !mDestroyed) {
                                anim = loadAnimator(f, transit, false,
                                        transitionStyle);
                            }
                            if (anim != null) {
                                final ViewGroup container = f.mContainer;
                                final View view = f.mView;
                                final Fragment fragment = f;
                                container.startViewTransition(view);
                                f.mAnimatingAway = anim;
                                f.mStateAfterAnimating = newState;
                                anim.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
                                    @Override
                                    public void onAnimationEnd(Animator anim) {
                                        container.endViewTransition(view);
                                        if (fragment.mAnimatingAway != null) {
                                            fragment.mAnimatingAway = null;
                                            moveToState(fragment, fragment.mStateAfterAnimating,
                                                    0, 0, false);
                                        }
                                    }
                                });
                                anim.setTarget(f.mView);
                                setHWLayerAnimListenerIfAlpha(f.mView, anim);
                                anim.start();

                            }
                            f.mContainer.removeView(f.mView);
                        }
                        f.mContainer = null;
                        f.mView = null;
                    }
                case Fragment.CREATED:
                    if (newState < Fragment.CREATED) {
                        if (mDestroyed) {
                            if (f.mAnimatingAway != null) {
                                // The fragment's containing activity is
                                // being destroyed, but this fragment is
                                // currently animating away.  Stop the
                                // animation right now -- it is not needed,
                                // and we can't wait any more on destroying
                                // the fragment.
                                Animator anim = f.mAnimatingAway;
                                f.mAnimatingAway = null;
                                anim.cancel();
                            }
                        }
                        if (f.mAnimatingAway != null) {
                            // We are waiting for the fragment's view to finish
                            // animating away.  Just make a note of the state
                            // the fragment now should move to once the animation
                            // is done.
                            f.mStateAfterAnimating = newState;
                            newState = Fragment.CREATED;
                        } else {
                            if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "movefrom CREATED: " + f);
                            if (!f.mRetaining) {
                                f.performDestroy();
                            } else {
                                f.mState = Fragment.INITIALIZING;
                            }

                            f.performDetach();
                            if (!keepActive) {
                                if (!f.mRetaining) {
                                    makeInactive(f);
                                } else {
                                    f.mHost = null;
                                    f.mParentFragment = null;
                                    f.mFragmentManager = null;
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
            }
        }
        
        if (f.mState != newState) {
            Log.w(TAG, "moveToState: Fragment state for " + f + " not updated inline; "
                    + "expected state " + newState + " found " + f.mState);
            f.mState = newState;
        }
    }
    
    void moveToState(Fragment f) {
        moveToState(f, mCurState, 0, 0, false);
    }

    /**
     * Fragments that have been shown or hidden don't have their visibility changed or
     * animations run during the {@link #showFragment(Fragment)} or {@link #hideFragment(Fragment)}
     * calls. After fragments are brought to their final state in
     * {@link #moveFragmentToExpectedState(Fragment)} the fragments that have been shown or
     * hidden must have their visibility changed and their animations started here.
     *
     * @param fragment The fragment with mHiddenChanged = true that should change its View's
     *                 visibility and start the show or hide animation.
     */
    void completeShowHideFragment(final Fragment fragment) {
        if (fragment.mView != null) {
            Animator anim = loadAnimator(fragment, fragment.mNextTransition, !fragment.mHidden,
                    fragment.mNextTransitionStyle);
            if (anim != null) {
                anim.setTarget(fragment.mView);
                if (fragment.mHidden) {
                    // Delay the actual hide operation until the animation finishes, otherwise
                    // the fragment will just immediately disappear
                    anim.addListener(new AnimatorListenerAdapter() {
                        @Override
                        public void onAnimationEnd(Animator animation) {
                            animation.removeListener(this);
                            if (fragment.mView != null) {
                                fragment.mView.setVisibility(View.GONE);
                            }
                        }
                    });
                }
                setHWLayerAnimListenerIfAlpha(fragment.mView, anim);
                anim.start();
            } else {
                final int visibility = fragment.mHidden ? View.GONE : View.VISIBLE;
                fragment.mView.setVisibility(visibility);
            }
        }
        if (fragment.mAdded && fragment.mHasMenu && fragment.mMenuVisible) {
            mNeedMenuInvalidate = true;
        }
        fragment.mHiddenChanged = false;
        fragment.onHiddenChanged(fragment.mHidden);
    }

    /**
     * Moves a fragment to its expected final state or the fragment manager's state, depending
     * on whether the fragment manager's state is raised properly.
     *
     * @param f The fragment to change.
     */
    void moveFragmentToExpectedState(Fragment f) {
        if (f == null) {
            return;
        }
        int nextState = mCurState;
        if (f.mRemoving) {
            if (f.isInBackStack()) {
                nextState = Fragment.CREATED;
            } else {
                nextState = Fragment.INITIALIZING;
            }
        }
        moveToState(f, nextState, f.mNextTransition, f.mNextTransitionStyle, false);

        if (f.mView != null) {
            Fragment underFragment = findFragmentUnder(f);
            if (underFragment != null) {
                final View underView = underFragment.mView;
                // make sure this fragment is in the right order.
                final ViewGroup container = f.mContainer;
                int underIndex = container.indexOfChild(underView);
                int viewIndex = container.indexOfChild(f.mView);
                if (viewIndex < underIndex) {
                    container.removeViewAt(viewIndex);
                    container.addView(f.mView, underIndex);
                }
            }
        }
        if (f.mHiddenChanged) {
            completeShowHideFragment(f);
        }
    }

    void moveToState(int newState) {
        if (mHost == null && newState != Fragment.INITIALIZING) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("No activity");
        }

        mCurState = newState;

        if (mActive != null) {
            boolean loadersRunning = false;

            // Must add them in the proper order. mActive fragments may be out of order
            final int numAdded = mAdded.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < numAdded; i++) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                moveFragmentToExpectedState(f);
                if (f.mLoaderManager != null) {
                    loadersRunning |= f.mLoaderManager.hasRunningLoaders();
                }
            }

            // Now iterate through all active fragments. These will include those that are removed
            // and detached.
            final int numActive = mActive.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < numActive; i++) {
                Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
                if (f != null && (f.mRemoving || f.mDetached)) {
                    moveFragmentToExpectedState(f);
                    if (f.mLoaderManager != null) {
                        loadersRunning |= f.mLoaderManager.hasRunningLoaders();
                    }
                }
            }

            if (!loadersRunning) {
                startPendingDeferredFragments();
            }

            if (mNeedMenuInvalidate && mHost != null && mCurState == Fragment.RESUMED) {
                mHost.onInvalidateOptionsMenu();
                mNeedMenuInvalidate = false;
            }
        }
    }
    
    void startPendingDeferredFragments() {
        if (mActive == null) return;

        for (int i=0; i<mActive.size(); i++) {
            Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
            if (f != null) {
                performPendingDeferredStart(f);
            }
        }
    }

    void makeActive(Fragment f) {
        if (f.mIndex >= 0) {
            return;
        }
        
        if (mAvailIndices == null || mAvailIndices.size() <= 0) {
            if (mActive == null) {
                mActive = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
            }
            f.setIndex(mActive.size(), mParent);
            mActive.add(f);
            
        } else {
            f.setIndex(mAvailIndices.remove(mAvailIndices.size()-1), mParent);
            mActive.set(f.mIndex, f);
        }
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Allocated fragment index " + f);
    }
    
    void makeInactive(Fragment f) {
        if (f.mIndex < 0) {
            return;
        }
        
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Freeing fragment index " + f);
        mActive.set(f.mIndex, null);
        if (mAvailIndices == null) {
            mAvailIndices = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        }
        mAvailIndices.add(f.mIndex);
        mHost.inactivateFragment(f.mWho);
        f.initState();
    }
    
    public void addFragment(Fragment fragment, boolean moveToStateNow) {
        if (mAdded == null) {
            mAdded = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
        }
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "add: " + fragment);
        makeActive(fragment);
        if (!fragment.mDetached) {
            if (mAdded.contains(fragment)) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment already added: " + fragment);
            }
            mAdded.add(fragment);
            fragment.mAdded = true;
            fragment.mRemoving = false;
            if (fragment.mView == null) {
                fragment.mHiddenChanged = false;
            }
            if (fragment.mHasMenu && fragment.mMenuVisible) {
                mNeedMenuInvalidate = true;
            }
            if (moveToStateNow) {
                moveToState(fragment);
            }
        }
    }

    public void removeFragment(Fragment fragment) {
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "remove: " + fragment + " nesting=" + fragment.mBackStackNesting);
        final boolean inactive = !fragment.isInBackStack();
        if (!fragment.mDetached || inactive) {
            if (false) {
                // Would be nice to catch a bad remove here, but we need
                // time to test this to make sure we aren't crashes cases
                // where it is not a problem.
                if (!mAdded.contains(fragment)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment not added: " + fragment);
                }
            }
            if (mAdded != null) {
                mAdded.remove(fragment);
            }
            if (fragment.mHasMenu && fragment.mMenuVisible) {
                mNeedMenuInvalidate = true;
            }
            fragment.mAdded = false;
            fragment.mRemoving = true;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Marks a fragment as hidden to be later animated in with
     * {@link #completeShowHideFragment(Fragment)}.
     *
     * @param fragment The fragment to be shown.
     */
    public void hideFragment(Fragment fragment) {
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "hide: " + fragment);
        if (!fragment.mHidden) {
            fragment.mHidden = true;
            // Toggle hidden changed so that if a fragment goes through show/hide/show
            // it doesn't go through the animation.
            fragment.mHiddenChanged = !fragment.mHiddenChanged;
        }
    }

    /**
     * Marks a fragment as shown to be later animated in with
     * {@link #completeShowHideFragment(Fragment)}.
     *
     * @param fragment The fragment to be shown.
     */
    public void showFragment(Fragment fragment) {
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "show: " + fragment);
        if (fragment.mHidden) {
            fragment.mHidden = false;
            // Toggle hidden changed so that if a fragment goes through show/hide/show
            // it doesn't go through the animation.
            fragment.mHiddenChanged = !fragment.mHiddenChanged;
        }
    }

    public void detachFragment(Fragment fragment) {
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "detach: " + fragment);
        if (!fragment.mDetached) {
            fragment.mDetached = true;
            if (fragment.mAdded) {
                // We are not already in back stack, so need to remove the fragment.
                if (mAdded != null) {
                    if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "remove from detach: " + fragment);
                    mAdded.remove(fragment);
                }
                if (fragment.mHasMenu && fragment.mMenuVisible) {
                    mNeedMenuInvalidate = true;
                }
                fragment.mAdded = false;
            }
        }
    }

    public void attachFragment(Fragment fragment) {
        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "attach: " + fragment);
        if (fragment.mDetached) {
            fragment.mDetached = false;
            if (!fragment.mAdded) {
                if (mAdded == null) {
                    mAdded = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
                }
                if (mAdded.contains(fragment)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment already added: " + fragment);
                }
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "add from attach: " + fragment);
                mAdded.add(fragment);
                fragment.mAdded = true;
                if (fragment.mHasMenu && fragment.mMenuVisible) {
                    mNeedMenuInvalidate = true;
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public Fragment findFragmentById(int id) {
        if (mAdded != null) {
            // First look through added fragments.
            for (int i=mAdded.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null && f.mFragmentId == id) {
                    return f;
                }
            }
        }
        if (mActive != null) {
            // Now for any known fragment.
            for (int i=mActive.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
                Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
                if (f != null && f.mFragmentId == id) {
                    return f;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    public Fragment findFragmentByTag(String tag) {
        if (mAdded != null && tag != null) {
            // First look through added fragments.
            for (int i=mAdded.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null && tag.equals(f.mTag)) {
                    return f;
                }
            }
        }
        if (mActive != null && tag != null) {
            // Now for any known fragment.
            for (int i=mActive.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
                Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
                if (f != null && tag.equals(f.mTag)) {
                    return f;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    public Fragment findFragmentByWho(String who) {
        if (mActive != null && who != null) {
            for (int i=mActive.size()-1; i>=0; i--) {
                Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
                if (f != null && (f=f.findFragmentByWho(who)) != null) {
                    return f;
                }
            }
        }
        return null;
    }
    
    private void checkStateLoss() {
        if (mStateSaved) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Can not perform this action after onSaveInstanceState");
        }
        if (mNoTransactionsBecause != null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException(
                    "Can not perform this action inside of " + mNoTransactionsBecause);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds an action to the queue of pending actions.
     *
     * @param action the action to add
     * @param allowStateLoss whether to allow loss of state information
     * @throws IllegalStateException if the activity has been destroyed
     */
    public void enqueueAction(OpGenerator action, boolean allowStateLoss) {
        if (!allowStateLoss) {
            checkStateLoss();
        }
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mDestroyed || mHost == null) {
                throw new IllegalStateException("Activity has been destroyed");
            }
            if (mPendingActions == null) {
                mPendingActions = new ArrayList<>();
            }
            mPendingActions.add(action);
            if (mPendingActions.size() == 1) {
                mHost.getHandler().removeCallbacks(mExecCommit);
                mHost.getHandler().post(mExecCommit);
            }
        }
    }
    
    public int allocBackStackIndex(BackStackRecord bse) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mAvailBackStackIndices == null || mAvailBackStackIndices.size() <= 0) {
                if (mBackStackIndices == null) {
                    mBackStackIndices = new ArrayList<BackStackRecord>();
                }
                int index = mBackStackIndices.size();
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Setting back stack index " + index + " to " + bse);
                mBackStackIndices.add(bse);
                return index;

            } else {
                int index = mAvailBackStackIndices.remove(mAvailBackStackIndices.size()-1);
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Adding back stack index " + index + " with " + bse);
                mBackStackIndices.set(index, bse);
                return index;
            }
        }
    }

    public void setBackStackIndex(int index, BackStackRecord bse) {
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mBackStackIndices == null) {
                mBackStackIndices = new ArrayList<BackStackRecord>();
            }
            int N = mBackStackIndices.size();
            if (index < N) {
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Setting back stack index " + index + " to " + bse);
                mBackStackIndices.set(index, bse);
            } else {
                while (N < index) {
                    mBackStackIndices.add(null);
                    if (mAvailBackStackIndices == null) {
                        mAvailBackStackIndices = new ArrayList<Integer>();
                    }
                    if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Adding available back stack index " + N);
                    mAvailBackStackIndices.add(N);
                    N++;
                }
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Adding back stack index " + index + " with " + bse);
                mBackStackIndices.add(bse);
            }
        }
    }

    public void freeBackStackIndex(int index) {
        synchronized (this) {
            mBackStackIndices.set(index, null);
            if (mAvailBackStackIndices == null) {
                mAvailBackStackIndices = new ArrayList<Integer>();
            }
            if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Freeing back stack index " + index);
            mAvailBackStackIndices.add(index);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Broken out from exec*, this prepares for gathering and executing operations.
     *
     * @param allowStateLoss true if state loss should be ignored or false if it should be
     *                       checked.
     */
    private void ensureExecReady(boolean allowStateLoss) {
        if (mExecutingActions) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("FragmentManager is already executing transactions");
        }

        if (Looper.myLooper() != mHost.getHandler().getLooper()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Must be called from main thread of fragment host");
        }

        if (!allowStateLoss) {
            checkStateLoss();
        }

        if (mTmpRecords == null) {
            mTmpRecords = new ArrayList<>();
            mTmpIsPop = new ArrayList<>();
        }
    }

    public void execSingleAction(OpGenerator action, boolean allowStateLoss) {
        ensureExecReady(allowStateLoss);
        if (action.generateOps(mTmpRecords, mTmpIsPop)) {
            mExecutingActions = true;
            try {
                optimizeAndExecuteOps(mTmpRecords, mTmpIsPop);
            } finally {
                cleanupExec();
            }
        }

        doPendingDeferredStart();
    }

    /**
     * Broken out of exec*, this cleans up the mExecutingActions and the temporary structures
     * used in executing operations.
     */
    private void cleanupExec() {
        mExecutingActions = false;
        mTmpIsPop.clear();
        mTmpRecords.clear();
    }

    /**
     * Only call from main thread!
     */
    public boolean execPendingActions() {
        ensureExecReady(true);

        boolean didSomething = false;
        while (generateOpsForPendingActions(mTmpRecords, mTmpIsPop)) {
            mExecutingActions = true;
            try {
                optimizeAndExecuteOps(mTmpRecords, mTmpIsPop);
            } finally {
                cleanupExec();
            }
            didSomething = true;
        }

        doPendingDeferredStart();

        return didSomething;
    }

    /**
     * Optimizes BackStackRecord operations. This method merges operations of proximate records
     * that allow optimization. See {@link FragmentTransaction#setAllowOptimization(boolean)}.
     * <p>
     * For example, a transaction that adds to the back stack and then another that pops that
     * back stack record will be optimized.
     * <p>
     * Likewise, two transactions committed that are executed at the same time will be optimized
     * as well as two pop operations executed together.
     *
     * @param records The records pending execution
     * @param isRecordPop The direction that these records are being run.
     */
    private void optimizeAndExecuteOps(ArrayList<BackStackRecord> records,
            ArrayList<Boolean> isRecordPop) {
        if (records == null || records.isEmpty()) {
            return;
        }

        if (isRecordPop == null || records.size() != isRecordPop.size()) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Internal error with the back stack records");
        }

        final int numRecords = records.size();
        int startIndex = 0;
        for (int recordNum = 0; recordNum < numRecords; recordNum++) {
            final boolean canOptimize = records.get(recordNum).mAllowOptimization;
            if (!canOptimize) {
                // execute all previous transactions
                if (startIndex != recordNum) {
                    executeOpsTogether(records, isRecordPop, startIndex, recordNum);
                }
                // execute all unoptimized together
                int optimizeEnd;
                for (optimizeEnd = recordNum + 1; optimizeEnd < numRecords; optimizeEnd++) {
                    if (records.get(optimizeEnd).mAllowOptimization) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
                executeOpsTogether(records, isRecordPop, recordNum, optimizeEnd);
                startIndex = optimizeEnd;
                recordNum = optimizeEnd - 1;
            }
        }
        if (startIndex != numRecords) {
            executeOpsTogether(records, isRecordPop, startIndex, numRecords);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Optimizes a subset of a list of BackStackRecords, all of which either allow optimization or
     * do not allow optimization.
     * @param records A list of BackStackRecords that are to be optimized
     * @param isRecordPop The direction that these records are being run.
     * @param startIndex The index of the first record in <code>records</code> to be optimized
     * @param endIndex One more than the final record index in <code>records</code> to optimize.
     */
    private void executeOpsTogether(ArrayList<BackStackRecord> records,
            ArrayList<Boolean> isRecordPop, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        final boolean allowOptimization = records.get(startIndex).mAllowOptimization;
        boolean addToBackStack = false;
        if (mTmpAddedFragments == null) {
            mTmpAddedFragments = new ArrayList<>();
            mTmpFragmentsContainerTransitions = new SparseArray<>();
        } else {
            mTmpAddedFragments.clear();
            mTmpFragmentsContainerTransitions.clear();
        }
        if (mAdded != null) {
            mTmpAddedFragments.addAll(mAdded);
        }
        for (int recordNum = startIndex; recordNum < endIndex; recordNum++) {
            final BackStackRecord record = records.get(recordNum);
            final boolean isPop = isRecordPop.get(recordNum);
            if (!isPop) {
                record.expandReplaceOps(mTmpAddedFragments);
            }
            final int bumpAmount = isPop ? -1 : 1;
            record.bumpBackStackNesting(bumpAmount);
            addToBackStack = addToBackStack || record.mAddToBackStack;

            if (mCurState >= Fragment.CREATED) {
                if (isPop) {
                    record.calculatePopFragments(mTmpFragmentsContainerTransitions);
                } else {
                    record.calculateFragments(mTmpFragmentsContainerTransitions);
                }
            }
        }
        mTmpAddedFragments.clear();

        if (!allowOptimization) {
            startTransitions(records, isRecordPop, startIndex, endIndex);
        }
        executeOps(records, isRecordPop, startIndex, endIndex);

        if (allowOptimization) {
            moveFragmentsToAtLeastCreated();
            startTransitions(records, isRecordPop, startIndex, endIndex);
            moveToState(mCurState);
        }

        for (int recordNum = startIndex; recordNum < endIndex; recordNum++) {
            final BackStackRecord record = records.get(recordNum);
            final boolean isPop = isRecordPop.get(recordNum);
            if (isPop && record.mIndex >= 0) {
                freeBackStackIndex(record.mIndex);
                record.mIndex = -1;
            }
        }
        if (addToBackStack) {
            reportBackStackChanged();
        }
    }

    /**
     * Find a fragment within the fragment's container whose View should be below the passed
     * fragment. {@code null} is returned when the fragment has no View or if there should be
     * no fragment with a View below the given fragment.
     *
     * As an example, if mAdded has two Fragments with Views sharing the same container:
     * FragmentA
     * FragmentB
     *
     * Then, when processing FragmentB, FragmentA will be returned. If, however, FragmentA
     * had no View, null would be returned.
     *
     * @param f The fragment that may be on top of another fragment.
     * @return The fragment with a View under f, if one exists or null if f has no View or
     * there are no fragments with Views in the same container.
     */
    private Fragment findFragmentUnder(Fragment f) {
        final ViewGroup container = f.mContainer;
        final View view = f.mView;

        if (container == null || view == null) {
            return null;
        }

        final int fragmentIndex = mAdded.indexOf(f);
        for (int i = fragmentIndex - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            Fragment underFragment = mAdded.get(i);
            if (underFragment.mContainer == container && underFragment.mView != null) {
                // Found the fragment under this one
                return underFragment;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Run the operations in the BackStackRecords, either to push or pop.
     *
     * @param records The list of records whose operations should be run.
     * @param isRecordPop The direction that these records are being run.
     * @param startIndex The index of the first entry in records to run.
     * @param endIndex One past the index of the final entry in records to run.
     */
    private static void executeOps(ArrayList<BackStackRecord> records,
            ArrayList<Boolean> isRecordPop, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        for (int i = startIndex; i < endIndex; i++) {
            final BackStackRecord record = records.get(i);
            final boolean isPop = isRecordPop.get(i);
            if (isPop) {
                record.executePopOps();
            } else {
                record.executeOps();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Prepares the fragments for Transitions and starts it. If the FragmentManager is not
     * at Fragment.CREATED, no transition will be run.
     *
     * This is explicitly for {@link Fragment#setEnterTransition(Transition)} and its siblings,
     * not for {@link FragmentTransaction#setTransition(int)}.
     *
     * @param records The entries to examine for transitions.
     * @param isRecordPop The direction that these records are being run.
     * @param startIndex The index of the first entry in records to run transitions for.
     * @param endIndex One past the index of the final entry in records to run transitions for.
     */
    private void startTransitions(ArrayList<BackStackRecord> records,
            ArrayList<Boolean> isRecordPop, int startIndex, int endIndex) {
        if (mCurState >= Fragment.CREATED) {
            if (mTmpFragmentsContainerTransitions.size() != 0) {
                BackStackRecord record = records.get(0);
                BackStackRecord.TransitionState state =
                        record.beginTransition(mTmpFragmentsContainerTransitions);
                if (state != null) {
                    for (int i = startIndex + 1; i < endIndex - 1; i++) {
                        final BackStackRecord nameRecord = records.get(i);
                        final boolean isPop = isRecordPop.get(i);
                        ArrayList<String> sourceNames = isPop
                                ? nameRecord.mSharedElementTargetNames
                                : record.mSharedElementSourceNames;
                        ArrayList<String> targetNames = isPop
                                ? nameRecord.mSharedElementSourceNames
                                : record.mSharedElementTargetNames;
                        BackStackRecord.setNameOverrides(state, sourceNames, targetNames);
                    }
                }
                mTmpFragmentsContainerTransitions.clear();
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Ensure that fragments that are added are at least at the CREATED state
     * so that they may load Transitions using TransitionInflater. When the transaction
     * cannot be optimized, this is executed in
     * {@link BackStackRecord#setLastIn(SparseArray, SparseArray, Fragment)} instead. Prior to
     * N, this wasn't supported, so no out-of-order creation can be done for compatibility.
     * <p>
     * This won't change the state of the fragment manager, nor will it change the fragment's
     * state if the fragment manager isn't at least at the CREATED state.
     */
    private void moveFragmentsToAtLeastCreated() {
        if (mCurState < Fragment.CREATED) {
            return;
        }
        final int numAdded = mAdded == null ? 0 : mAdded.size();
        for (int i = 0; i < numAdded; i++) {
            Fragment fragment = mAdded.get(i);
            if (fragment.mState < Fragment.CREATED) {
                moveToState(fragment, Fragment.CREATED, 0, 0, false);
            }
        }
    }

    /**
     * Adds all records in the pending actions to records and whether they are add or pop
     * operations to isPop. After executing, the pending actions will be empty.
     *
     * @param records All pending actions will generate BackStackRecords added to this.
     *                This contains the transactions, in order, to execute.
     * @param isPop All pending actions will generate booleans to add to this. This contains
     *              an entry for each entry in records to indicate whether or not it is a
     *              pop action.
     */
    private boolean generateOpsForPendingActions(ArrayList<BackStackRecord> records,
            ArrayList<Boolean> isPop) {
        int numActions;
        synchronized (this) {
            if (mPendingActions == null || mPendingActions.size() == 0) {
                return false;
            }

            numActions = mPendingActions.size();
            for (int i = 0; i < numActions; i++) {
                mPendingActions.get(i).generateOps(records, isPop);
            }
            mPendingActions.clear();
            mHost.getHandler().removeCallbacks(mExecCommit);
        }
        return numActions > 0;
    }

    void doPendingDeferredStart() {
        if (mHavePendingDeferredStart) {
            boolean loadersRunning = false;
            for (int i=0; i<mActive.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
                if (f != null && f.mLoaderManager != null) {
                    loadersRunning |= f.mLoaderManager.hasRunningLoaders();
                }
            }
            if (!loadersRunning) {
                mHavePendingDeferredStart = false;
                startPendingDeferredFragments();
            }
        }
    }

    void reportBackStackChanged() {
        if (mBackStackChangeListeners != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mBackStackChangeListeners.size(); i++) {
                mBackStackChangeListeners.get(i).onBackStackChanged();
            }
        }
    }

    void addBackStackState(BackStackRecord state) {
        if (mBackStack == null) {
            mBackStack = new ArrayList<BackStackRecord>();
        }
        mBackStack.add(state);
        reportBackStackChanged();
    }

    boolean popBackStackState(ArrayList<BackStackRecord> records, ArrayList<Boolean> isRecordPop,
            String name, int id, int flags) {
        if (mBackStack == null) {
            return false;
        }
        if (name == null && id < 0 && (flags & POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE) == 0) {
            int last = mBackStack.size() - 1;
            if (last < 0) {
                return false;
            }
            records.add(mBackStack.remove(last));
            isRecordPop.add(true);
        } else {
            int index = -1;
            if (name != null || id >= 0) {
                // If a name or ID is specified, look for that place in
                // the stack.
                index = mBackStack.size()-1;
                while (index >= 0) {
                    BackStackRecord bss = mBackStack.get(index);
                    if (name != null && name.equals(bss.getName())) {
                        break;
                    }
                    if (id >= 0 && id == bss.mIndex) {
                        break;
                    }
                    index--;
                }
                if (index < 0) {
                    return false;
                }
                if ((flags&POP_BACK_STACK_INCLUSIVE) != 0) {
                    index--;
                    // Consume all following entries that match.
                    while (index >= 0) {
                        BackStackRecord bss = mBackStack.get(index);
                        if ((name != null && name.equals(bss.getName()))
                                || (id >= 0 && id == bss.mIndex)) {
                            index--;
                            continue;
                        }
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
            if (index == mBackStack.size()-1) {
                return false;
            }
            for (int i = mBackStack.size() - 1; i > index; i--) {
                records.add(mBackStack.remove(i));
                isRecordPop.add(true);
            }
        }
        return true;
    }

    FragmentManagerNonConfig retainNonConfig() {
        ArrayList<Fragment> fragments = null;
        ArrayList<FragmentManagerNonConfig> childFragments = null;
        if (mActive != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mActive.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
                if (f != null) {
                    if (f.mRetainInstance) {
                        if (fragments == null) {
                            fragments = new ArrayList<>();
                        }
                        fragments.add(f);
                        f.mRetaining = true;
                        f.mTargetIndex = f.mTarget != null ? f.mTarget.mIndex : -1;
                        if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "retainNonConfig: keeping retained " + f);
                    }
                    boolean addedChild = false;
                    if (f.mChildFragmentManager != null) {
                        FragmentManagerNonConfig child = f.mChildFragmentManager.retainNonConfig();
                        if (child != null) {
                            if (childFragments == null) {
                                childFragments = new ArrayList<>();
                                for (int j = 0; j < i; j++) {
                                    childFragments.add(null);
                                }
                            }
                            childFragments.add(child);
                            addedChild = true;
                        }
                    }
                    if (childFragments != null && !addedChild) {
                        childFragments.add(null);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        if (fragments == null && childFragments == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return new FragmentManagerNonConfig(fragments, childFragments);
    }
    
    void saveFragmentViewState(Fragment f) {
        if (f.mView == null) {
            return;
        }
        if (mStateArray == null) {
            mStateArray = new SparseArray<Parcelable>();
        } else {
            mStateArray.clear();
        }
        f.mView.saveHierarchyState(mStateArray);
        if (mStateArray.size() > 0) {
            f.mSavedViewState = mStateArray;
            mStateArray = null;
        }
    }
    
    Bundle saveFragmentBasicState(Fragment f) {
        Bundle result = null;

        if (mStateBundle == null) {
            mStateBundle = new Bundle();
        }
        f.performSaveInstanceState(mStateBundle);
        if (!mStateBundle.isEmpty()) {
            result = mStateBundle;
            mStateBundle = null;
        }

        if (f.mView != null) {
            saveFragmentViewState(f);
        }
        if (f.mSavedViewState != null) {
            if (result == null) {
                result = new Bundle();
            }
            result.putSparseParcelableArray(
                    FragmentManagerImpl.VIEW_STATE_TAG, f.mSavedViewState);
        }
        if (!f.mUserVisibleHint) {
            if (result == null) {
                result = new Bundle();
            }
            // Only add this if it's not the default value
            result.putBoolean(FragmentManagerImpl.USER_VISIBLE_HINT_TAG, f.mUserVisibleHint);
        }

        return result;
    }

    Parcelable saveAllState() {
        // Make sure all pending operations have now been executed to get
        // our state update-to-date.
        execPendingActions();

        mStateSaved = true;

        if (mActive == null || mActive.size() <= 0) {
            return null;
        }
        
        // First collect all active fragments.
        int N = mActive.size();
        FragmentState[] active = new FragmentState[N];
        boolean haveFragments = false;
        for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
            Fragment f = mActive.get(i);
            if (f != null) {
                if (f.mIndex < 0) {
                    throwException(new IllegalStateException(
                            "Failure saving state: active " + f
                            + " has cleared index: " + f.mIndex));
                }

                haveFragments = true;

                FragmentState fs = new FragmentState(f);
                active[i] = fs;
                
                if (f.mState > Fragment.INITIALIZING && fs.mSavedFragmentState == null) {
                    fs.mSavedFragmentState = saveFragmentBasicState(f);

                    if (f.mTarget != null) {
                        if (f.mTarget.mIndex < 0) {
                            throwException(new IllegalStateException(
                                    "Failure saving state: " + f
                                    + " has target not in fragment manager: " + f.mTarget));
                        }
                        if (fs.mSavedFragmentState == null) {
                            fs.mSavedFragmentState = new Bundle();
                        }
                        putFragment(fs.mSavedFragmentState,
                                FragmentManagerImpl.TARGET_STATE_TAG, f.mTarget);
                        if (f.mTargetRequestCode != 0) {
                            fs.mSavedFragmentState.putInt(
                                    FragmentManagerImpl.TARGET_REQUEST_CODE_STATE_TAG,
                                    f.mTargetRequestCode);
                        }
                    }

                } else {
                    fs.mSavedFragmentState = f.mSavedFragmentState;
                }
                
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "Saved state of " + f + ": "
                        + fs.mSavedFragmentState);
            }
        }
        
        if (!haveFragments) {
            if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "saveAllState: no fragments!");
            return null;
        }
        
        int[] added = null;
        BackStackState[] backStack = null;
        
        // Build list of currently added fragments.
        if (mAdded != null) {
            N = mAdded.size();
            if (N > 0) {
                added = new int[N];
                for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                    added[i] = mAdded.get(i).mIndex;
                    if (added[i] < 0) {
                        throwException(new IllegalStateException(
                                "Failure saving state: active " + mAdded.get(i)
                                + " has cleared index: " + added[i]));
                    }
                    if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "saveAllState: adding fragment #" + i
                            + ": " + mAdded.get(i));
                }
            }
        }
        
        // Now save back stack.
        if (mBackStack != null) {
            N = mBackStack.size();
            if (N > 0) {
                backStack = new BackStackState[N];
                for (int i=0; i<N; i++) {
                    backStack[i] = new BackStackState(this, mBackStack.get(i));
                    if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "saveAllState: adding back stack #" + i
                            + ": " + mBackStack.get(i));
                }
            }
        }
        
        FragmentManagerState fms = new FragmentManagerState();
        fms.mActive = active;
        fms.mAdded = added;
        fms.mBackStack = backStack;
        return fms;
    }
    
    void restoreAllState(Parcelable state, FragmentManagerNonConfig nonConfig) {
        // If there is no saved state at all, then there can not be
        // any nonConfig fragments either, so that is that.
        if (state == null) return;
        FragmentManagerState fms = (FragmentManagerState)state;
        if (fms.mActive == null) return;

        List<FragmentManagerNonConfig> childNonConfigs = null;

        // First re-attach any non-config instances we are retaining back
        // to their saved state, so we don't try to instantiate them again.
        if (nonConfig != null) {
            List<Fragment> nonConfigFragments = nonConfig.getFragments();
            childNonConfigs = nonConfig.getChildNonConfigs();
            final int count = nonConfigFragments != null ? nonConfigFragments.size() : 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                Fragment f = nonConfigFragments.get(i);
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: re-attaching retained " + f);
                FragmentState fs = fms.mActive[f.mIndex];
                fs.mInstance = f;
                f.mSavedViewState = null;
                f.mBackStackNesting = 0;
                f.mInLayout = false;
                f.mAdded = false;
                f.mTarget = null;
                if (fs.mSavedFragmentState != null) {
                    fs.mSavedFragmentState.setClassLoader(mHost.getContext().getClassLoader());
                    f.mSavedViewState = fs.mSavedFragmentState.getSparseParcelableArray(
                            FragmentManagerImpl.VIEW_STATE_TAG);
                    f.mSavedFragmentState = fs.mSavedFragmentState;
                }
            }
        }
        
        // Build the full list of active fragments, instantiating them from
        // their saved state.
        mActive = new ArrayList<>(fms.mActive.length);
        if (mAvailIndices != null) {
            mAvailIndices.clear();
        }
        for (int i=0; i<fms.mActive.length; i++) {
            FragmentState fs = fms.mActive[i];
            if (fs != null) {
                FragmentManagerNonConfig childNonConfig = null;
                if (childNonConfigs != null && i < childNonConfigs.size()) {
                    childNonConfig = childNonConfigs.get(i);
                }
                Fragment f = fs.instantiate(mHost, mParent, childNonConfig);
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: active #" + i + ": " + f);
                mActive.add(f);
                // Now that the fragment is instantiated (or came from being
                // retained above), clear mInstance in case we end up re-restoring
                // from this FragmentState again.
                fs.mInstance = null;
            } else {
                mActive.add(null);
                if (mAvailIndices == null) {
                    mAvailIndices = new ArrayList<>();
                }
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: avail #" + i);
                mAvailIndices.add(i);
            }
        }
        
        // Update the target of all retained fragments.
        if (nonConfig != null) {
            List<Fragment> nonConfigFragments = nonConfig.getFragments();
            final int count = nonConfigFragments != null ? nonConfigFragments.size() : 0;
            for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
                Fragment f = nonConfigFragments.get(i);
                if (f.mTargetIndex >= 0) {
                    if (f.mTargetIndex < mActive.size()) {
                        f.mTarget = mActive.get(f.mTargetIndex);
                    } else {
                        Log.w(TAG, "Re-attaching retained fragment " + f
                                + " target no longer exists: " + f.mTargetIndex);
                        f.mTarget = null;
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        // Build the list of currently added fragments.
        if (fms.mAdded != null) {
            mAdded = new ArrayList<Fragment>(fms.mAdded.length);
            for (int i=0; i<fms.mAdded.length; i++) {
                Fragment f = mActive.get(fms.mAdded[i]);
                if (f == null) {
                    throwException(new IllegalStateException(
                            "No instantiated fragment for index #" + fms.mAdded[i]));
                }
                f.mAdded = true;
                if (DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: added #" + i + ": " + f);
                if (mAdded.contains(f)) {
                    throw new IllegalStateException("Already added!");
                }
                mAdded.add(f);
            }
        } else {
            mAdded = null;
        }
        
        // Build the back stack.
        if (fms.mBackStack != null) {
            mBackStack = new ArrayList<BackStackRecord>(fms.mBackStack.length);
            for (int i=0; i<fms.mBackStack.length; i++) {
                BackStackRecord bse = fms.mBackStack[i].instantiate(this);
                if (DEBUG) {
                    Log.v(TAG, "restoreAllState: back stack #" + i
                        + " (index " + bse.mIndex + "): " + bse);
                    LogWriter logw = new LogWriter(Log.VERBOSE, TAG);
                    PrintWriter pw = new FastPrintWriter(logw, false, 1024);
                    bse.dump("  ", pw, false);
                    pw.flush();
                }
                mBackStack.add(bse);
                if (bse.mIndex >= 0) {
                    setBackStackIndex(bse.mIndex, bse);
                }
            }
        } else {
            mBackStack = null;
        }
    }
    
    public void attachController(FragmentHostCallback<?> host, FragmentContainer container,
            Fragment parent) {
        if (mHost != null) throw new IllegalStateException("Already attached");
        mHost = host;
        mContainer = container;
        mParent = parent;
    }
    
    public void noteStateNotSaved() {
        mStateSaved = false;
    }
    
    public void dispatchCreate() {
        mStateSaved = false;
        moveToState(Fragment.CREATED);
    }
    
    public void dispatchActivityCreated() {
        mStateSaved = false;
        moveToState(Fragment.ACTIVITY_CREATED);
    }
    
    public void dispatchStart() {
        mStateSaved = false;
        moveToState(Fragment.STARTED);
    }
    
    public void dispatchResume() {
        mStateSaved = false;
        moveToState(Fragment.RESUMED);
    }
    
    public void dispatchPause() {
        moveToState(Fragment.STARTED);
    }
    
    public void dispatchStop() {
        moveToState(Fragment.STOPPED);
    }
    
    public void dispatchDestroyView() {
        moveToState(Fragment.CREATED);
    }

    public void dispatchDestroy() {
        mDestroyed = true;
        execPendingActions();
        moveToState(Fragment.INITIALIZING);
        mHost = null;
        mContainer = null;
        mParent = null;
    }

    public void dispatchMultiWindowModeChanged(boolean isInMultiWindowMode) {
        if (mAdded == null) {
            return;
        }
        for (int i = mAdded.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            final Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
            if (f != null) {
                f.performMultiWindowModeChanged(isInMultiWindowMode);
            }
        }
    }

    public void dispatchPictureInPictureModeChanged(boolean isInPictureInPictureMode) {
        if (mAdded == null) {
            return;
        }
        for (int i = mAdded.size() - 1; i >= 0; --i) {
            final Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
            if (f != null) {
                f.performPictureInPictureModeChanged(isInPictureInPictureMode);
            }
        }
    }

    public void dispatchConfigurationChanged(Configuration newConfig) {
        if (mAdded != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mAdded.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null) {
                    f.performConfigurationChanged(newConfig);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void dispatchLowMemory() {
        if (mAdded != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mAdded.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null) {
                    f.performLowMemory();
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public void dispatchTrimMemory(int level) {
        if (mAdded != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mAdded.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null) {
                    f.performTrimMemory(level);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    public boolean dispatchCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu, MenuInflater inflater) {
        boolean show = false;
        ArrayList<Fragment> newMenus = null;
        if (mAdded != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mAdded.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null) {
                    if (f.performCreateOptionsMenu(menu, inflater)) {
                        show = true;
                        if (newMenus == null) {
                            newMenus = new ArrayList<Fragment>();
                        }
                        newMenus.add(f);
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        
        if (mCreatedMenus != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mCreatedMenus.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mCreatedMenus.get(i);
                if (newMenus == null || !newMenus.contains(f)) {
                    f.onDestroyOptionsMenu();
                }
            }
        }
        
        mCreatedMenus = newMenus;
        
        return show;
    }
    
    public boolean dispatchPrepareOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
        boolean show = false;
        if (mAdded != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mAdded.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null) {
                    if (f.performPrepareOptionsMenu(menu)) {
                        show = true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return show;
    }
    
    public boolean dispatchOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        if (mAdded != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mAdded.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null) {
                    if (f.performOptionsItemSelected(item)) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    public boolean dispatchContextItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
        if (mAdded != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mAdded.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null) {
                    if (f.performContextItemSelected(item)) {
                        return true;
                    }
                }
            }
        }
        return false;
    }
    
    public void dispatchOptionsMenuClosed(Menu menu) {
        if (mAdded != null) {
            for (int i=0; i<mAdded.size(); i++) {
                Fragment f = mAdded.get(i);
                if (f != null) {
                    f.performOptionsMenuClosed(menu);
                }
            }
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void invalidateOptionsMenu() {
        if (mHost != null && mCurState == Fragment.RESUMED) {
            mHost.onInvalidateOptionsMenu();
        } else {
            mNeedMenuInvalidate = true;
        }
    }

    public static int reverseTransit(int transit) {
        int rev = 0;
        switch (transit) {
            case FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN:
                rev = FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_CLOSE;
                break;
            case FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_CLOSE:
                rev = FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN;
                break;
            case FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE:
                rev = FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE;
                break;
        }
        return rev;
        
    }
    
    public static int transitToStyleIndex(int transit, boolean enter) {
        int animAttr = -1;
        switch (transit) {
            case FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_OPEN:
                animAttr = enter
                    ? com.android.internal.R.styleable.FragmentAnimation_fragmentOpenEnterAnimation
                    : com.android.internal.R.styleable.FragmentAnimation_fragmentOpenExitAnimation;
                break;
            case FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_CLOSE:
                animAttr = enter
                    ? com.android.internal.R.styleable.FragmentAnimation_fragmentCloseEnterAnimation
                    : com.android.internal.R.styleable.FragmentAnimation_fragmentCloseExitAnimation;
                break;
            case FragmentTransaction.TRANSIT_FRAGMENT_FADE:
                animAttr = enter
                    ? com.android.internal.R.styleable.FragmentAnimation_fragmentFadeEnterAnimation
                    : com.android.internal.R.styleable.FragmentAnimation_fragmentFadeExitAnimation;
                break;
        }
        return animAttr;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(View parent, String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        if (!"fragment".equals(name)) {
            return null;
        }

        String fname = attrs.getAttributeValue(null, "class");
        TypedArray a =
                context.obtainStyledAttributes(attrs, com.android.internal.R.styleable.Fragment);
        if (fname == null) {
            fname = a.getString(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Fragment_name);
        }
        int id = a.getResourceId(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Fragment_id, View.NO_ID);
        String tag = a.getString(com.android.internal.R.styleable.Fragment_tag);
        a.recycle();

        int containerId = parent != null ? parent.getId() : 0;
        if (containerId == View.NO_ID && id == View.NO_ID && tag == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Must specify unique android:id, android:tag, or have a parent with"
                    + " an id for " + fname);
        }

        // If we restored from a previous state, we may already have
        // instantiated this fragment from the state and should use
        // that instance instead of making a new one.
        Fragment fragment = id != View.NO_ID ? findFragmentById(id) : null;
        if (fragment == null && tag != null) {
            fragment = findFragmentByTag(tag);
        }
        if (fragment == null && containerId != View.NO_ID) {
            fragment = findFragmentById(containerId);
        }

        if (FragmentManagerImpl.DEBUG) Log.v(TAG, "onCreateView: id=0x"
                + Integer.toHexString(id) + " fname=" + fname
                + " existing=" + fragment);
        if (fragment == null) {
            fragment = Fragment.instantiate(context, fname);
            fragment.mFromLayout = true;
            fragment.mFragmentId = id != 0 ? id : containerId;
            fragment.mContainerId = containerId;
            fragment.mTag = tag;
            fragment.mInLayout = true;
            fragment.mFragmentManager = this;
            fragment.mHost = mHost;
            fragment.onInflate(mHost.getContext(), attrs, fragment.mSavedFragmentState);
            addFragment(fragment, true);
        } else if (fragment.mInLayout) {
            // A fragment already exists and it is not one we restored from
            // previous state.
            throw new IllegalArgumentException(attrs.getPositionDescription()
                    + ": Duplicate id 0x" + Integer.toHexString(id)
                    + ", tag " + tag + ", or parent id 0x" + Integer.toHexString(containerId)
                    + " with another fragment for " + fname);
        } else {
            // This fragment was retained from a previous instance; get it
            // going now.
            fragment.mInLayout = true;
            fragment.mHost = mHost;
            // If this fragment is newly instantiated (either right now, or
            // from last saved state), then give it the attributes to
            // initialize itself.
            if (!fragment.mRetaining) {
                fragment.onInflate(mHost.getContext(), attrs, fragment.mSavedFragmentState);
            }
        }

        // If we haven't finished entering the CREATED state ourselves yet,
        // push the inflated child fragment along.
        if (mCurState < Fragment.CREATED && fragment.mFromLayout) {
            moveToState(fragment, Fragment.CREATED, 0, 0, false);
        } else {
            moveToState(fragment);
        }

        if (fragment.mView == null) {
            throw new IllegalStateException("Fragment " + fname
                    + " did not create a view.");
        }
        if (id != 0) {
            fragment.mView.setId(id);
        }
        if (fragment.mView.getTag() == null) {
            fragment.mView.setTag(tag);
        }
        return fragment.mView;
    }

    @Override
    public View onCreateView(String name, Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
        return null;
    }

    LayoutInflater.Factory2 getLayoutInflaterFactory() {
        return this;
    }

    /**
     * An add or pop transaction to be scheduled for the UI thread.
     */
    interface OpGenerator {
        /**
         * Generate transactions to add to {@code records} and whether or not the transaction is
         * an add or pop to {@code isRecordPop}.
         *
         * records and isRecordPop must be added equally so that each transaction in records
         * matches the boolean for whether or not it is a pop in isRecordPop.
         *
         * @param records A list to add transactions to.
         * @param isRecordPop A list to add whether or not the transactions added to records is
         *                    a pop transaction.
         * @return true if something was added or false otherwise.
         */
        boolean generateOps(ArrayList<BackStackRecord> records, ArrayList<Boolean> isRecordPop);
    }

    /**
     * A pop operation OpGenerator. This will be run on the UI thread and will generate the
     * transactions that will be popped if anything can be popped.
     */
    private class PopBackStackState implements OpGenerator {
        final String mName;
        final int mId;
        final int mFlags;

        public PopBackStackState(String name, int id, int flags) {
            mName = name;
            mId = id;
            mFlags = flags;
        }

        @Override
        public boolean generateOps(ArrayList<BackStackRecord> records,
                ArrayList<Boolean> isRecordPop) {
            return popBackStackState(records, isRecordPop, mName, mId, mFlags);
        }
    }
}