| /* |
| * Copyright 1994-2006 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved. |
| * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. |
| * |
| * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it |
| * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as |
| * published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this |
| * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided |
| * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. |
| * |
| * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT |
| * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or |
| * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License |
| * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that |
| * accompanied this code). |
| * |
| * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version |
| * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, |
| * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. |
| * |
| * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, |
| * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or |
| * have any questions. |
| */ |
| |
| package java.lang; |
| import java.io.*; |
| |
| /** |
| * The <code>Throwable</code> class is the superclass of all errors and |
| * exceptions in the Java language. Only objects that are instances of this |
| * class (or one of its subclasses) are thrown by the Java Virtual Machine or |
| * can be thrown by the Java <code>throw</code> statement. Similarly, only |
| * this class or one of its subclasses can be the argument type in a |
| * <code>catch</code> clause. |
| * |
| * <p>Instances of two subclasses, {@link java.lang.Error} and |
| * {@link java.lang.Exception}, are conventionally used to indicate |
| * that exceptional situations have occurred. Typically, these instances |
| * are freshly created in the context of the exceptional situation so |
| * as to include relevant information (such as stack trace data). |
| * |
| * <p>A throwable contains a snapshot of the execution stack of its thread at |
| * the time it was created. It can also contain a message string that gives |
| * more information about the error. Finally, it can contain a <i>cause</i>: |
| * another throwable that caused this throwable to get thrown. The cause |
| * facility is new in release 1.4. It is also known as the <i>chained |
| * exception</i> facility, as the cause can, itself, have a cause, and so on, |
| * leading to a "chain" of exceptions, each caused by another. |
| * |
| * <p>One reason that a throwable may have a cause is that the class that |
| * throws it is built atop a lower layered abstraction, and an operation on |
| * the upper layer fails due to a failure in the lower layer. It would be bad |
| * design to let the throwable thrown by the lower layer propagate outward, as |
| * it is generally unrelated to the abstraction provided by the upper layer. |
| * Further, doing so would tie the API of the upper layer to the details of |
| * its implementation, assuming the lower layer's exception was a checked |
| * exception. Throwing a "wrapped exception" (i.e., an exception containing a |
| * cause) allows the upper layer to communicate the details of the failure to |
| * its caller without incurring either of these shortcomings. It preserves |
| * the flexibility to change the implementation of the upper layer without |
| * changing its API (in particular, the set of exceptions thrown by its |
| * methods). |
| * |
| * <p>A second reason that a throwable may have a cause is that the method |
| * that throws it must conform to a general-purpose interface that does not |
| * permit the method to throw the cause directly. For example, suppose |
| * a persistent collection conforms to the {@link java.util.Collection |
| * Collection} interface, and that its persistence is implemented atop |
| * <tt>java.io</tt>. Suppose the internals of the <tt>add</tt> method |
| * can throw an {@link java.io.IOException IOException}. The implementation |
| * can communicate the details of the <tt>IOException</tt> to its caller |
| * while conforming to the <tt>Collection</tt> interface by wrapping the |
| * <tt>IOException</tt> in an appropriate unchecked exception. (The |
| * specification for the persistent collection should indicate that it is |
| * capable of throwing such exceptions.) |
| * |
| * <p>A cause can be associated with a throwable in two ways: via a |
| * constructor that takes the cause as an argument, or via the |
| * {@link #initCause(Throwable)} method. New throwable classes that |
| * wish to allow causes to be associated with them should provide constructors |
| * that take a cause and delegate (perhaps indirectly) to one of the |
| * <tt>Throwable</tt> constructors that takes a cause. For example: |
| * <pre> |
| * try { |
| * lowLevelOp(); |
| * } catch (LowLevelException le) { |
| * throw new HighLevelException(le); // Chaining-aware constructor |
| * } |
| * </pre> |
| * Because the <tt>initCause</tt> method is public, it allows a cause to be |
| * associated with any throwable, even a "legacy throwable" whose |
| * implementation predates the addition of the exception chaining mechanism to |
| * <tt>Throwable</tt>. For example: |
| * <pre> |
| * try { |
| * lowLevelOp(); |
| * } catch (LowLevelException le) { |
| * throw (HighLevelException) |
| new HighLevelException().initCause(le); // Legacy constructor |
| * } |
| * </pre> |
| * |
| * <p>Prior to release 1.4, there were many throwables that had their own |
| * non-standard exception chaining mechanisms ( |
| * {@link ExceptionInInitializerError}, {@link ClassNotFoundException}, |
| * {@link java.lang.reflect.UndeclaredThrowableException}, |
| * {@link java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}, |
| * {@link java.io.WriteAbortedException}, |
| * {@link java.security.PrivilegedActionException}, |
| * {@link java.awt.print.PrinterIOException}, |
| * {@link java.rmi.RemoteException} and |
| * {@link javax.naming.NamingException}). |
| * All of these throwables have been retrofitted to |
| * use the standard exception chaining mechanism, while continuing to |
| * implement their "legacy" chaining mechanisms for compatibility. |
| * |
| * <p>Further, as of release 1.4, many general purpose <tt>Throwable</tt> |
| * classes (for example {@link Exception}, {@link RuntimeException}, |
| * {@link Error}) have been retrofitted with constructors that take |
| * a cause. This was not strictly necessary, due to the existence of the |
| * <tt>initCause</tt> method, but it is more convenient and expressive to |
| * delegate to a constructor that takes a cause. |
| * |
| * <p>By convention, class <code>Throwable</code> and its subclasses have two |
| * constructors, one that takes no arguments and one that takes a |
| * <code>String</code> argument that can be used to produce a detail message. |
| * Further, those subclasses that might likely have a cause associated with |
| * them should have two more constructors, one that takes a |
| * <code>Throwable</code> (the cause), and one that takes a |
| * <code>String</code> (the detail message) and a <code>Throwable</code> (the |
| * cause). |
| * |
| * <p>Also introduced in release 1.4 is the {@link #getStackTrace()} method, |
| * which allows programmatic access to the stack trace information that was |
| * previously available only in text form, via the various forms of the |
| * {@link #printStackTrace()} method. This information has been added to the |
| * <i>serialized representation</i> of this class so <tt>getStackTrace</tt> |
| * and <tt>printStackTrace</tt> will operate properly on a throwable that |
| * was obtained by deserialization. |
| * |
| * @author unascribed |
| * @author Josh Bloch (Added exception chaining and programmatic access to |
| * stack trace in 1.4.) |
| * @since JDK1.0 |
| */ |
| public class Throwable implements Serializable { |
| /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.0.2 for interoperability */ |
| private static final long serialVersionUID = -3042686055658047285L; |
| |
| /** |
| * Native code saves some indication of the stack backtrace in this slot. |
| */ |
| private transient Object backtrace; |
| |
| /** |
| * Specific details about the Throwable. For example, for |
| * <tt>FileNotFoundException</tt>, this contains the name of |
| * the file that could not be found. |
| * |
| * @serial |
| */ |
| private String detailMessage; |
| |
| /** |
| * The throwable that caused this throwable to get thrown, or null if this |
| * throwable was not caused by another throwable, or if the causative |
| * throwable is unknown. If this field is equal to this throwable itself, |
| * it indicates that the cause of this throwable has not yet been |
| * initialized. |
| * |
| * @serial |
| * @since 1.4 |
| */ |
| private Throwable cause = this; |
| |
| /** |
| * The stack trace, as returned by {@link #getStackTrace()}. |
| * |
| * @serial |
| * @since 1.4 |
| */ |
| private StackTraceElement[] stackTrace; |
| /* |
| * This field is lazily initialized on first use or serialization and |
| * nulled out when fillInStackTrace is called. |
| */ |
| |
| /** |
| * Constructs a new throwable with <code>null</code> as its detail message. |
| * The cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by a |
| * call to {@link #initCause}. |
| * |
| * <p>The {@link #fillInStackTrace()} method is called to initialize |
| * the stack trace data in the newly created throwable. |
| */ |
| public Throwable() { |
| fillInStackTrace(); |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Constructs a new throwable with the specified detail message. The |
| * cause is not initialized, and may subsequently be initialized by |
| * a call to {@link #initCause}. |
| * |
| * <p>The {@link #fillInStackTrace()} method is called to initialize |
| * the stack trace data in the newly created throwable. |
| * |
| * @param message the detail message. The detail message is saved for |
| * later retrieval by the {@link #getMessage()} method. |
| */ |
| public Throwable(String message) { |
| fillInStackTrace(); |
| detailMessage = message; |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Constructs a new throwable with the specified detail message and |
| * cause. <p>Note that the detail message associated with |
| * <code>cause</code> is <i>not</i> automatically incorporated in |
| * this throwable's detail message. |
| * |
| * <p>The {@link #fillInStackTrace()} method is called to initialize |
| * the stack trace data in the newly created throwable. |
| * |
| * @param message the detail message (which is saved for later retrieval |
| * by the {@link #getMessage()} method). |
| * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the |
| * {@link #getCause()} method). (A <tt>null</tt> value is |
| * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or |
| * unknown.) |
| * @since 1.4 |
| */ |
| public Throwable(String message, Throwable cause) { |
| fillInStackTrace(); |
| detailMessage = message; |
| this.cause = cause; |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Constructs a new throwable with the specified cause and a detail |
| * message of <tt>(cause==null ? null : cause.toString())</tt> (which |
| * typically contains the class and detail message of <tt>cause</tt>). |
| * This constructor is useful for throwables that are little more than |
| * wrappers for other throwables (for example, {@link |
| * java.security.PrivilegedActionException}). |
| * |
| * <p>The {@link #fillInStackTrace()} method is called to initialize |
| * the stack trace data in the newly created throwable. |
| * |
| * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the |
| * {@link #getCause()} method). (A <tt>null</tt> value is |
| * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or |
| * unknown.) |
| * @since 1.4 |
| */ |
| public Throwable(Throwable cause) { |
| fillInStackTrace(); |
| detailMessage = (cause==null ? null : cause.toString()); |
| this.cause = cause; |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Returns the detail message string of this throwable. |
| * |
| * @return the detail message string of this <tt>Throwable</tt> instance |
| * (which may be <tt>null</tt>). |
| */ |
| public String getMessage() { |
| return detailMessage; |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Creates a localized description of this throwable. |
| * Subclasses may override this method in order to produce a |
| * locale-specific message. For subclasses that do not override this |
| * method, the default implementation returns the same result as |
| * <code>getMessage()</code>. |
| * |
| * @return The localized description of this throwable. |
| * @since JDK1.1 |
| */ |
| public String getLocalizedMessage() { |
| return getMessage(); |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Returns the cause of this throwable or <code>null</code> if the |
| * cause is nonexistent or unknown. (The cause is the throwable that |
| * caused this throwable to get thrown.) |
| * |
| * <p>This implementation returns the cause that was supplied via one of |
| * the constructors requiring a <tt>Throwable</tt>, or that was set after |
| * creation with the {@link #initCause(Throwable)} method. While it is |
| * typically unnecessary to override this method, a subclass can override |
| * it to return a cause set by some other means. This is appropriate for |
| * a "legacy chained throwable" that predates the addition of chained |
| * exceptions to <tt>Throwable</tt>. Note that it is <i>not</i> |
| * necessary to override any of the <tt>PrintStackTrace</tt> methods, |
| * all of which invoke the <tt>getCause</tt> method to determine the |
| * cause of a throwable. |
| * |
| * @return the cause of this throwable or <code>null</code> if the |
| * cause is nonexistent or unknown. |
| * @since 1.4 |
| */ |
| public Throwable getCause() { |
| return (cause==this ? null : cause); |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Initializes the <i>cause</i> of this throwable to the specified value. |
| * (The cause is the throwable that caused this throwable to get thrown.) |
| * |
| * <p>This method can be called at most once. It is generally called from |
| * within the constructor, or immediately after creating the |
| * throwable. If this throwable was created |
| * with {@link #Throwable(Throwable)} or |
| * {@link #Throwable(String,Throwable)}, this method cannot be called |
| * even once. |
| * |
| * @param cause the cause (which is saved for later retrieval by the |
| * {@link #getCause()} method). (A <tt>null</tt> value is |
| * permitted, and indicates that the cause is nonexistent or |
| * unknown.) |
| * @return a reference to this <code>Throwable</code> instance. |
| * @throws IllegalArgumentException if <code>cause</code> is this |
| * throwable. (A throwable cannot be its own cause.) |
| * @throws IllegalStateException if this throwable was |
| * created with {@link #Throwable(Throwable)} or |
| * {@link #Throwable(String,Throwable)}, or this method has already |
| * been called on this throwable. |
| * @since 1.4 |
| */ |
| public synchronized Throwable initCause(Throwable cause) { |
| if (this.cause != this) |
| throw new IllegalStateException("Can't overwrite cause"); |
| if (cause == this) |
| throw new IllegalArgumentException("Self-causation not permitted"); |
| this.cause = cause; |
| return this; |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Returns a short description of this throwable. |
| * The result is the concatenation of: |
| * <ul> |
| * <li> the {@linkplain Class#getName() name} of the class of this object |
| * <li> ": " (a colon and a space) |
| * <li> the result of invoking this object's {@link #getLocalizedMessage} |
| * method |
| * </ul> |
| * If <tt>getLocalizedMessage</tt> returns <tt>null</tt>, then just |
| * the class name is returned. |
| * |
| * @return a string representation of this throwable. |
| */ |
| public String toString() { |
| String s = getClass().getName(); |
| String message = getLocalizedMessage(); |
| return (message != null) ? (s + ": " + message) : s; |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Prints this throwable and its backtrace to the |
| * standard error stream. This method prints a stack trace for this |
| * <code>Throwable</code> object on the error output stream that is |
| * the value of the field <code>System.err</code>. The first line of |
| * output contains the result of the {@link #toString()} method for |
| * this object. Remaining lines represent data previously recorded by |
| * the method {@link #fillInStackTrace()}. The format of this |
| * information depends on the implementation, but the following |
| * example may be regarded as typical: |
| * <blockquote><pre> |
| * java.lang.NullPointerException |
| * at MyClass.mash(MyClass.java:9) |
| * at MyClass.crunch(MyClass.java:6) |
| * at MyClass.main(MyClass.java:3) |
| * </pre></blockquote> |
| * This example was produced by running the program: |
| * <pre> |
| * class MyClass { |
| * public static void main(String[] args) { |
| * crunch(null); |
| * } |
| * static void crunch(int[] a) { |
| * mash(a); |
| * } |
| * static void mash(int[] b) { |
| * System.out.println(b[0]); |
| * } |
| * } |
| * </pre> |
| * The backtrace for a throwable with an initialized, non-null cause |
| * should generally include the backtrace for the cause. The format |
| * of this information depends on the implementation, but the following |
| * example may be regarded as typical: |
| * <pre> |
| * HighLevelException: MidLevelException: LowLevelException |
| * at Junk.a(Junk.java:13) |
| * at Junk.main(Junk.java:4) |
| * Caused by: MidLevelException: LowLevelException |
| * at Junk.c(Junk.java:23) |
| * at Junk.b(Junk.java:17) |
| * at Junk.a(Junk.java:11) |
| * ... 1 more |
| * Caused by: LowLevelException |
| * at Junk.e(Junk.java:30) |
| * at Junk.d(Junk.java:27) |
| * at Junk.c(Junk.java:21) |
| * ... 3 more |
| * </pre> |
| * Note the presence of lines containing the characters <tt>"..."</tt>. |
| * These lines indicate that the remainder of the stack trace for this |
| * exception matches the indicated number of frames from the bottom of the |
| * stack trace of the exception that was caused by this exception (the |
| * "enclosing" exception). This shorthand can greatly reduce the length |
| * of the output in the common case where a wrapped exception is thrown |
| * from same method as the "causative exception" is caught. The above |
| * example was produced by running the program: |
| * <pre> |
| * public class Junk { |
| * public static void main(String args[]) { |
| * try { |
| * a(); |
| * } catch(HighLevelException e) { |
| * e.printStackTrace(); |
| * } |
| * } |
| * static void a() throws HighLevelException { |
| * try { |
| * b(); |
| * } catch(MidLevelException e) { |
| * throw new HighLevelException(e); |
| * } |
| * } |
| * static void b() throws MidLevelException { |
| * c(); |
| * } |
| * static void c() throws MidLevelException { |
| * try { |
| * d(); |
| * } catch(LowLevelException e) { |
| * throw new MidLevelException(e); |
| * } |
| * } |
| * static void d() throws LowLevelException { |
| * e(); |
| * } |
| * static void e() throws LowLevelException { |
| * throw new LowLevelException(); |
| * } |
| * } |
| * |
| * class HighLevelException extends Exception { |
| * HighLevelException(Throwable cause) { super(cause); } |
| * } |
| * |
| * class MidLevelException extends Exception { |
| * MidLevelException(Throwable cause) { super(cause); } |
| * } |
| * |
| * class LowLevelException extends Exception { |
| * } |
| * </pre> |
| */ |
| public void printStackTrace() { |
| printStackTrace(System.err); |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Prints this throwable and its backtrace to the specified print stream. |
| * |
| * @param s <code>PrintStream</code> to use for output |
| */ |
| public void printStackTrace(PrintStream s) { |
| synchronized (s) { |
| s.println(this); |
| StackTraceElement[] trace = getOurStackTrace(); |
| for (int i=0; i < trace.length; i++) |
| s.println("\tat " + trace[i]); |
| |
| Throwable ourCause = getCause(); |
| if (ourCause != null) |
| ourCause.printStackTraceAsCause(s, trace); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Print our stack trace as a cause for the specified stack trace. |
| */ |
| private void printStackTraceAsCause(PrintStream s, |
| StackTraceElement[] causedTrace) |
| { |
| // assert Thread.holdsLock(s); |
| |
| // Compute number of frames in common between this and caused |
| StackTraceElement[] trace = getOurStackTrace(); |
| int m = trace.length-1, n = causedTrace.length-1; |
| while (m >= 0 && n >=0 && trace[m].equals(causedTrace[n])) { |
| m--; n--; |
| } |
| int framesInCommon = trace.length - 1 - m; |
| |
| s.println("Caused by: " + this); |
| for (int i=0; i <= m; i++) |
| s.println("\tat " + trace[i]); |
| if (framesInCommon != 0) |
| s.println("\t... " + framesInCommon + " more"); |
| |
| // Recurse if we have a cause |
| Throwable ourCause = getCause(); |
| if (ourCause != null) |
| ourCause.printStackTraceAsCause(s, trace); |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Prints this throwable and its backtrace to the specified |
| * print writer. |
| * |
| * @param s <code>PrintWriter</code> to use for output |
| * @since JDK1.1 |
| */ |
| public void printStackTrace(PrintWriter s) { |
| synchronized (s) { |
| s.println(this); |
| StackTraceElement[] trace = getOurStackTrace(); |
| for (int i=0; i < trace.length; i++) |
| s.println("\tat " + trace[i]); |
| |
| Throwable ourCause = getCause(); |
| if (ourCause != null) |
| ourCause.printStackTraceAsCause(s, trace); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Print our stack trace as a cause for the specified stack trace. |
| */ |
| private void printStackTraceAsCause(PrintWriter s, |
| StackTraceElement[] causedTrace) |
| { |
| // assert Thread.holdsLock(s); |
| |
| // Compute number of frames in common between this and caused |
| StackTraceElement[] trace = getOurStackTrace(); |
| int m = trace.length-1, n = causedTrace.length-1; |
| while (m >= 0 && n >=0 && trace[m].equals(causedTrace[n])) { |
| m--; n--; |
| } |
| int framesInCommon = trace.length - 1 - m; |
| |
| s.println("Caused by: " + this); |
| for (int i=0; i <= m; i++) |
| s.println("\tat " + trace[i]); |
| if (framesInCommon != 0) |
| s.println("\t... " + framesInCommon + " more"); |
| |
| // Recurse if we have a cause |
| Throwable ourCause = getCause(); |
| if (ourCause != null) |
| ourCause.printStackTraceAsCause(s, trace); |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Fills in the execution stack trace. This method records within this |
| * <code>Throwable</code> object information about the current state of |
| * the stack frames for the current thread. |
| * |
| * @return a reference to this <code>Throwable</code> instance. |
| * @see java.lang.Throwable#printStackTrace() |
| */ |
| public synchronized native Throwable fillInStackTrace(); |
| |
| /** |
| * Provides programmatic access to the stack trace information printed by |
| * {@link #printStackTrace()}. Returns an array of stack trace elements, |
| * each representing one stack frame. The zeroth element of the array |
| * (assuming the array's length is non-zero) represents the top of the |
| * stack, which is the last method invocation in the sequence. Typically, |
| * this is the point at which this throwable was created and thrown. |
| * The last element of the array (assuming the array's length is non-zero) |
| * represents the bottom of the stack, which is the first method invocation |
| * in the sequence. |
| * |
| * <p>Some virtual machines may, under some circumstances, omit one |
| * or more stack frames from the stack trace. In the extreme case, |
| * a virtual machine that has no stack trace information concerning |
| * this throwable is permitted to return a zero-length array from this |
| * method. Generally speaking, the array returned by this method will |
| * contain one element for every frame that would be printed by |
| * <tt>printStackTrace</tt>. |
| * |
| * @return an array of stack trace elements representing the stack trace |
| * pertaining to this throwable. |
| * @since 1.4 |
| */ |
| public StackTraceElement[] getStackTrace() { |
| return getOurStackTrace().clone(); |
| } |
| |
| private synchronized StackTraceElement[] getOurStackTrace() { |
| // Initialize stack trace if this is the first call to this method |
| if (stackTrace == null) { |
| int depth = getStackTraceDepth(); |
| stackTrace = new StackTraceElement[depth]; |
| for (int i=0; i < depth; i++) |
| stackTrace[i] = getStackTraceElement(i); |
| } |
| return stackTrace; |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Sets the stack trace elements that will be returned by |
| * {@link #getStackTrace()} and printed by {@link #printStackTrace()} |
| * and related methods. |
| * |
| * This method, which is designed for use by RPC frameworks and other |
| * advanced systems, allows the client to override the default |
| * stack trace that is either generated by {@link #fillInStackTrace()} |
| * when a throwable is constructed or deserialized when a throwable is |
| * read from a serialization stream. |
| * |
| * @param stackTrace the stack trace elements to be associated with |
| * this <code>Throwable</code>. The specified array is copied by this |
| * call; changes in the specified array after the method invocation |
| * returns will have no affect on this <code>Throwable</code>'s stack |
| * trace. |
| * |
| * @throws NullPointerException if <code>stackTrace</code> is |
| * <code>null</code>, or if any of the elements of |
| * <code>stackTrace</code> are <code>null</code> |
| * |
| * @since 1.4 |
| */ |
| public void setStackTrace(StackTraceElement[] stackTrace) { |
| StackTraceElement[] defensiveCopy = stackTrace.clone(); |
| for (int i = 0; i < defensiveCopy.length; i++) |
| if (defensiveCopy[i] == null) |
| throw new NullPointerException("stackTrace[" + i + "]"); |
| |
| this.stackTrace = defensiveCopy; |
| } |
| |
| /** |
| * Returns the number of elements in the stack trace (or 0 if the stack |
| * trace is unavailable). |
| */ |
| private native int getStackTraceDepth(); |
| |
| /** |
| * Returns the specified element of the stack trace. |
| * |
| * @param index index of the element to return. |
| * @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if <tt>index < 0 || |
| * index >= getStackTraceDepth() </tt> |
| */ |
| private native StackTraceElement getStackTraceElement(int index); |
| |
| private synchronized void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s) |
| throws IOException |
| { |
| getOurStackTrace(); // Ensure that stackTrace field is initialized. |
| s.defaultWriteObject(); |
| } |
| } |