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Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -05001"""Pseudo terminal utilities."""
2
3# Bugs: No signal handling. Doesn't set slave termios and window size.
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +00004# Only tested on Linux, FreeBSD, and macOS.
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -05005# See: W. Richard Stevens. 1992. Advanced Programming in the
6# UNIX Environment. Chapter 19.
7# Author: Steen Lumholt -- with additions by Guido.
8
9from select import select
10import os
11import sys
12import tty
13
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +000014# names imported directly for test mocking purposes
15from os import close, waitpid
16from tty import setraw, tcgetattr, tcsetattr
17
18__all__ = ["openpty", "fork", "spawn"]
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -050019
20STDIN_FILENO = 0
21STDOUT_FILENO = 1
22STDERR_FILENO = 2
23
24CHILD = 0
25
26def openpty():
27 """openpty() -> (master_fd, slave_fd)
28 Open a pty master/slave pair, using os.openpty() if possible."""
29
30 try:
31 return os.openpty()
32 except (AttributeError, OSError):
33 pass
34 master_fd, slave_name = _open_terminal()
35 slave_fd = slave_open(slave_name)
36 return master_fd, slave_fd
37
38def master_open():
39 """master_open() -> (master_fd, slave_name)
40 Open a pty master and return the fd, and the filename of the slave end.
41 Deprecated, use openpty() instead."""
42
43 try:
44 master_fd, slave_fd = os.openpty()
45 except (AttributeError, OSError):
46 pass
47 else:
48 slave_name = os.ttyname(slave_fd)
49 os.close(slave_fd)
50 return master_fd, slave_name
51
52 return _open_terminal()
53
54def _open_terminal():
55 """Open pty master and return (master_fd, tty_name)."""
56 for x in 'pqrstuvwxyzPQRST':
57 for y in '0123456789abcdef':
58 pty_name = '/dev/pty' + x + y
59 try:
60 fd = os.open(pty_name, os.O_RDWR)
61 except OSError:
62 continue
63 return (fd, '/dev/tty' + x + y)
64 raise OSError('out of pty devices')
65
66def slave_open(tty_name):
67 """slave_open(tty_name) -> slave_fd
68 Open the pty slave and acquire the controlling terminal, returning
69 opened filedescriptor.
70 Deprecated, use openpty() instead."""
71
72 result = os.open(tty_name, os.O_RDWR)
73 try:
74 from fcntl import ioctl, I_PUSH
75 except ImportError:
76 return result
77 try:
78 ioctl(result, I_PUSH, "ptem")
79 ioctl(result, I_PUSH, "ldterm")
80 except OSError:
81 pass
82 return result
83
84def fork():
85 """fork() -> (pid, master_fd)
86 Fork and make the child a session leader with a controlling terminal."""
87
88 try:
89 pid, fd = os.forkpty()
90 except (AttributeError, OSError):
91 pass
92 else:
93 if pid == CHILD:
94 try:
95 os.setsid()
96 except OSError:
97 # os.forkpty() already set us session leader
98 pass
99 return pid, fd
100
101 master_fd, slave_fd = openpty()
102 pid = os.fork()
103 if pid == CHILD:
104 # Establish a new session.
105 os.setsid()
106 os.close(master_fd)
107
108 # Slave becomes stdin/stdout/stderr of child.
109 os.dup2(slave_fd, STDIN_FILENO)
110 os.dup2(slave_fd, STDOUT_FILENO)
111 os.dup2(slave_fd, STDERR_FILENO)
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000112 if slave_fd > STDERR_FILENO:
113 os.close(slave_fd)
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500114
115 # Explicitly open the tty to make it become a controlling tty.
116 tmp_fd = os.open(os.ttyname(STDOUT_FILENO), os.O_RDWR)
117 os.close(tmp_fd)
118 else:
119 os.close(slave_fd)
120
121 # Parent and child process.
122 return pid, master_fd
123
124def _writen(fd, data):
125 """Write all the data to a descriptor."""
126 while data:
127 n = os.write(fd, data)
128 data = data[n:]
129
130def _read(fd):
131 """Default read function."""
132 return os.read(fd, 1024)
133
134def _copy(master_fd, master_read=_read, stdin_read=_read):
135 """Parent copy loop.
136 Copies
137 pty master -> standard output (master_read)
138 standard input -> pty master (stdin_read)"""
139 fds = [master_fd, STDIN_FILENO]
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000140 while fds:
141 rfds, _wfds, _xfds = select(fds, [], [])
142
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500143 if master_fd in rfds:
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000144 # Some OSes signal EOF by returning an empty byte string,
145 # some throw OSErrors.
146 try:
147 data = master_read(master_fd)
148 except OSError:
149 data = b""
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500150 if not data: # Reached EOF.
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000151 return # Assume the child process has exited and is
152 # unreachable, so we clean up.
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500153 else:
154 os.write(STDOUT_FILENO, data)
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000155
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500156 if STDIN_FILENO in rfds:
157 data = stdin_read(STDIN_FILENO)
158 if not data:
159 fds.remove(STDIN_FILENO)
160 else:
161 _writen(master_fd, data)
162
163def spawn(argv, master_read=_read, stdin_read=_read):
164 """Create a spawned process."""
165 if type(argv) == type(''):
166 argv = (argv,)
167 sys.audit('pty.spawn', argv)
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000168
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500169 pid, master_fd = fork()
170 if pid == CHILD:
171 os.execlp(argv[0], *argv)
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000172
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500173 try:
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000174 mode = tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO)
175 setraw(STDIN_FILENO)
176 restore = True
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500177 except tty.error: # This is the same as termios.error
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000178 restore = False
179
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500180 try:
181 _copy(master_fd, master_read, stdin_read)
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000182 finally:
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500183 if restore:
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000184 tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, tty.TCSAFLUSH, mode)
Jingwen Chen475b3cc2021-01-05 21:45:16 -0500185
Dan Willemsenc9fa0012022-03-25 22:58:53 +0000186 close(master_fd)
187 return waitpid(pid, 0)[1]