| // Copyright (c) 2012 The Chromium OS Authors. All rights reserved. |
| // Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be |
| // found in the LICENSE file. |
| |
| #include "crash-reporter/kernel_collector.h" |
| |
| #include "base/file_util.h" |
| #include "base/logging.h" |
| #include "base/string_util.h" |
| #include "base/stringprintf.h" |
| |
| static const char kDefaultKernelStackSignature[] = |
| "kernel-UnspecifiedStackSignature"; |
| static const char kDumpPath[] = "/dev/pstore"; |
| static const char kDumpFormat[] = "dmesg-ramoops-%d"; |
| static const char kKernelExecName[] = "kernel"; |
| // Maximum number of records to examine in the kDumpPath. |
| static const size_t kMaxDumpRecords = 100; |
| const pid_t kKernelPid = 0; |
| static const char kKernelSignatureKey[] = "sig"; |
| // Byte length of maximum human readable portion of a kernel crash signature. |
| static const int kMaxHumanStringLength = 40; |
| const uid_t kRootUid = 0; |
| // Time in seconds from the final kernel log message for a call stack |
| // to count towards the signature of the kcrash. |
| static const int kSignatureTimestampWindow = 2; |
| // Kernel log timestamp regular expression. |
| static const std::string kTimestampRegex("^<.*>\\[\\s*(\\d+\\.\\d+)\\]"); |
| |
| /* |
| * These regular expressions enable to us capture the PC in a backtrace. |
| * The backtrace is obtained through dmesg or the kernel's preserved/kcrashmem |
| * feature. |
| * |
| * For ARM we see: |
| * "<5>[ 39.458982] PC is at write_breakme+0xd0/0x1b4" |
| * For x86: |
| * "<0>[ 37.474699] EIP: [<790ed488>] write_breakme+0x80/0x108 \ |
| * SS:ESP 0068:e9dd3efc |
| */ |
| static const char *s_pc_regex[] = { |
| 0, |
| " PC is at ([^\\+ ]+).*", |
| " EIP: \\[<.*>\\] ([^\\+ ]+).*", // X86 uses EIP for the program counter |
| " RIP \\[<.*>\\] ([^\\+ ]+).*", // X86_64 uses RIP for the program counter |
| }; |
| |
| COMPILE_ASSERT(arraysize(s_pc_regex) == KernelCollector::archCount, |
| missing_arch_pc_regexp); |
| |
| KernelCollector::KernelCollector() |
| : is_enabled_(false), |
| ramoops_dump_path_(kDumpPath), |
| records_(0) { |
| // We expect crash dumps in the format of the architecture we are built for. |
| arch_ = GetCompilerArch(); |
| } |
| |
| KernelCollector::~KernelCollector() { |
| } |
| |
| void KernelCollector::OverridePreservedDumpPath(const FilePath &file_path) { |
| ramoops_dump_path_ = file_path; |
| } |
| |
| bool KernelCollector::ReadRecordToString(std::string *contents, |
| size_t current_record, |
| bool *record_found) { |
| // A record is a ramoops dump. It has an associated size of "record_size". |
| std::string record; |
| std::string captured; |
| |
| // Ramoops appends a header to a crash which contains ==== followed by a |
| // timestamp. Ignore the header. |
| pcrecpp::RE record_re("====\\d+\\.\\d+\n(.*)", |
| pcrecpp::RE_Options().set_multiline(true).set_dotall(true)); |
| |
| FilePath ramoops_record; |
| GetRamoopsRecordPath(&ramoops_record, current_record); |
| if (!file_util::ReadFileToString(ramoops_record, &record)) { |
| LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to open " << ramoops_record.value(); |
| return false; |
| } |
| |
| if (record_re.FullMatch(record, &captured)){ |
| // Found a match, append it to the content, and remove from pstore. |
| contents->append(captured); |
| file_util::Delete(ramoops_record, false); |
| *record_found = true; |
| } else { |
| *record_found = false; |
| } |
| |
| return true; |
| } |
| |
| void KernelCollector::GetRamoopsRecordPath(FilePath *path, |
| size_t record) { |
| *path = ramoops_dump_path_.Append(StringPrintf(kDumpFormat, record)); |
| } |
| |
| bool KernelCollector::LoadParameters() { |
| // Discover how many ramoops records are being exported by the driver. |
| size_t count; |
| |
| for (count = 0; count < kMaxDumpRecords; ++count) { |
| FilePath ramoops_record; |
| GetRamoopsRecordPath(&ramoops_record, count); |
| |
| if (!file_util::PathExists(ramoops_record)) |
| break; |
| } |
| |
| records_ = count; |
| return (records_ > 0); |
| } |
| |
| bool KernelCollector::LoadPreservedDump(std::string *contents) { |
| // Load dumps from the preserved memory and save them in contents. |
| // Since the system is set to restart on oops we won't actually ever have |
| // multiple records (only 0 or 1), but check in case we don't restart on |
| // oops in the future. |
| bool any_records_found = false; |
| bool record_found = false; |
| // clear contents since ReadFileToString actually appends to the string. |
| contents->clear(); |
| |
| for (size_t i = 0; i < records_; ++i) { |
| if (!ReadRecordToString(contents, i, &record_found)) { |
| break; |
| } |
| if (record_found) { |
| any_records_found = true; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| if (!any_records_found) { |
| LOG(ERROR) << "No valid records found in " << ramoops_dump_path_.value(); |
| return false; |
| } |
| |
| return true; |
| } |
| |
| void KernelCollector::StripSensitiveData(std::string *kernel_dump) { |
| // Strip any data that the user might not want sent up to the crash servers. |
| // We'll read in from kernel_dump and also place our output there. |
| // |
| // At the moment, the only sensitive data we strip is MAC addresses. |
| |
| // Get rid of things that look like MAC addresses, since they could possibly |
| // give information about where someone has been. This is strings that look |
| // like this: 11:22:33:44:55:66 |
| // Complications: |
| // - Within a given kernel_dump, want to be able to tell when the same MAC |
| // was used more than once. Thus, we'll consistently replace the first |
| // MAC found with 00:00:00:00:00:01, the second with ...:02, etc. |
| // - ACPI commands look like MAC addresses. We'll specifically avoid getting |
| // rid of those. |
| std::ostringstream result; |
| std::string pre_mac_str; |
| std::string mac_str; |
| std::map<std::string, std::string> mac_map; |
| pcrecpp::StringPiece input(*kernel_dump); |
| |
| // This RE will find the next MAC address and can return us the data preceding |
| // the MAC and the MAC itself. |
| pcrecpp::RE mac_re("(.*?)(" |
| "[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]:" |
| "[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]:" |
| "[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]:" |
| "[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]:" |
| "[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F]:" |
| "[0-9a-fA-F][0-9a-fA-F])", |
| pcrecpp::RE_Options() |
| .set_multiline(true) |
| .set_dotall(true)); |
| |
| // This RE will identify when the 'pre_mac_str' shows that the MAC address |
| // was really an ACPI cmd. The full string looks like this: |
| // ata1.00: ACPI cmd ef/10:03:00:00:00:a0 (SET FEATURES) filtered out |
| pcrecpp::RE acpi_re("ACPI cmd ef/$", |
| pcrecpp::RE_Options() |
| .set_multiline(true) |
| .set_dotall(true)); |
| |
| // Keep consuming, building up a result string as we go. |
| while (mac_re.Consume(&input, &pre_mac_str, &mac_str)) { |
| if (acpi_re.PartialMatch(pre_mac_str)) { |
| // We really saw an ACPI command; add to result w/ no stripping. |
| result << pre_mac_str << mac_str; |
| } else { |
| // Found a MAC address; look up in our hash for the mapping. |
| std::string replacement_mac = mac_map[mac_str]; |
| if (replacement_mac == "") { |
| // It wasn't present, so build up a replacement string. |
| int mac_id = mac_map.size(); |
| |
| // Handle up to 2^32 unique MAC address; overkill, but doesn't hurt. |
| replacement_mac = StringPrintf("00:00:%02x:%02x:%02x:%02x", |
| (mac_id & 0xff000000) >> 24, |
| (mac_id & 0x00ff0000) >> 16, |
| (mac_id & 0x0000ff00) >> 8, |
| (mac_id & 0x000000ff)); |
| mac_map[mac_str] = replacement_mac; |
| } |
| |
| // Dump the string before the MAC and the fake MAC address into result. |
| result << pre_mac_str << replacement_mac; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // One last bit of data might still be in the input. |
| result << input; |
| |
| // We'll just assign right back to kernel_dump. |
| *kernel_dump = result.str(); |
| } |
| |
| bool KernelCollector::Enable() { |
| if (arch_ == archUnknown || arch_ >= archCount || |
| s_pc_regex[arch_] == NULL) { |
| LOG(WARNING) << "KernelCollector does not understand this architecture"; |
| return false; |
| } |
| else { |
| FilePath ramoops_record; |
| GetRamoopsRecordPath(&ramoops_record, 0); |
| if (!file_util::PathExists(ramoops_record)) { |
| LOG(WARNING) << "Kernel does not support crash dumping"; |
| return false; |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // To enable crashes, we will eventually need to set |
| // the chnv bit in BIOS, but it does not yet work. |
| LOG(INFO) << "Enabling kernel crash handling"; |
| is_enabled_ = true; |
| return true; |
| } |
| |
| // Hash a string to a number. We define our own hash function to not |
| // be dependent on a C++ library that might change. This function |
| // uses basically the same approach as tr1/functional_hash.h but with |
| // a larger prime number (16127 vs 131). |
| static unsigned HashString(const std::string &input) { |
| unsigned hash = 0; |
| for (size_t i = 0; i < input.length(); ++i) |
| hash = hash * 16127 + input[i]; |
| return hash; |
| } |
| |
| void KernelCollector::ProcessStackTrace( |
| pcrecpp::StringPiece kernel_dump, |
| bool print_diagnostics, |
| unsigned *hash, |
| float *last_stack_timestamp, |
| bool *is_watchdog_crash) { |
| pcrecpp::RE line_re("(.+)", pcrecpp::MULTILINE()); |
| pcrecpp::RE stack_trace_start_re(kTimestampRegex + |
| " (Call Trace|Backtrace):$"); |
| |
| // Match lines such as the following and grab out "function_name". |
| // The ? may or may not be present. |
| // |
| // For ARM: |
| // <4>[ 3498.731164] [<c0057220>] ? (function_name+0x20/0x2c) from |
| // [<c018062c>] (foo_bar+0xdc/0x1bc) |
| // |
| // For X86: |
| // <4>[ 6066.849504] [<7937bcee>] ? function_name+0x66/0x6c |
| // |
| pcrecpp::RE stack_entry_re(kTimestampRegex + |
| "\\s+\\[<[[:xdigit:]]+>\\]" // Matches " [<7937bcee>]" |
| "([\\s\\?(]+)" // Matches " ? (" (ARM) or " ? " (X86) |
| "([^\\+ )]+)"); // Matches until delimiter reached |
| std::string line; |
| std::string hashable; |
| std::string previous_hashable; |
| bool is_watchdog = false; |
| |
| *hash = 0; |
| *last_stack_timestamp = 0; |
| |
| // Find the last and second-to-last stack traces. The latter is used when |
| // the panic is from a watchdog timeout. |
| while (line_re.FindAndConsume(&kernel_dump, &line)) { |
| std::string certainty; |
| std::string function_name; |
| if (stack_trace_start_re.PartialMatch(line, last_stack_timestamp)) { |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("Stack trace starting.%s\n", |
| hashable.empty() ? "" : " Saving prior trace."); |
| } |
| previous_hashable = hashable; |
| hashable.clear(); |
| is_watchdog = false; |
| } else if (stack_entry_re.PartialMatch(line, |
| last_stack_timestamp, |
| &certainty, |
| &function_name)) { |
| bool is_certain = certainty.find('?') == std::string::npos; |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("@%f: stack entry for %s (%s)\n", |
| *last_stack_timestamp, |
| function_name.c_str(), |
| is_certain ? "certain" : "uncertain"); |
| } |
| // Do not include any uncertain (prefixed by '?') frames in our hash. |
| if (!is_certain) |
| continue; |
| if (!hashable.empty()) |
| hashable.append("|"); |
| if (function_name == "watchdog_timer_fn" || |
| function_name == "watchdog") { |
| is_watchdog = true; |
| } |
| hashable.append(function_name); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| // If the last stack trace contains a watchdog function we assume the panic |
| // is from the watchdog timer, and we hash the previous stack trace rather |
| // than the last one, assuming that the previous stack is that of the hung |
| // thread. |
| // |
| // In addition, if the hashable is empty (meaning all frames are uncertain, |
| // for whatever reason) also use the previous frame, as it cannot be any |
| // worse. |
| if (is_watchdog || hashable.empty()) { |
| hashable = previous_hashable; |
| } |
| |
| *hash = HashString(hashable); |
| *is_watchdog_crash = is_watchdog; |
| |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("Hash based on stack trace: \"%s\" at %f.\n", |
| hashable.c_str(), *last_stack_timestamp); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| enum KernelCollector::ArchKind KernelCollector::GetCompilerArch(void) |
| { |
| #if defined(COMPILER_GCC) && defined(ARCH_CPU_ARM_FAMILY) |
| return archArm; |
| #elif defined(COMPILER_GCC) && defined(ARCH_CPU_X86_64) |
| return archX86_64; |
| #elif defined(COMPILER_GCC) && defined(ARCH_CPU_X86_FAMILY) |
| return archX86; |
| #else |
| return archUnknown; |
| #endif |
| } |
| |
| void KernelCollector::SetArch(enum ArchKind arch) |
| { |
| arch_ = arch; |
| } |
| |
| bool KernelCollector::FindCrashingFunction( |
| pcrecpp::StringPiece kernel_dump, |
| bool print_diagnostics, |
| float stack_trace_timestamp, |
| std::string *crashing_function) { |
| float timestamp = 0; |
| |
| // Use the correct regex for this architecture. |
| pcrecpp::RE eip_re(kTimestampRegex + s_pc_regex[arch_], |
| pcrecpp::MULTILINE()); |
| |
| while (eip_re.FindAndConsume(&kernel_dump, ×tamp, crashing_function)) { |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("@%f: found crashing function %s\n", |
| timestamp, |
| crashing_function->c_str()); |
| } |
| } |
| if (timestamp == 0) { |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("Found no crashing function.\n"); |
| } |
| return false; |
| } |
| if (stack_trace_timestamp != 0 && |
| abs(stack_trace_timestamp - timestamp) > kSignatureTimestampWindow) { |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("Found crashing function but not within window.\n"); |
| } |
| return false; |
| } |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("Found crashing function %s\n", crashing_function->c_str()); |
| } |
| return true; |
| } |
| |
| bool KernelCollector::FindPanicMessage(pcrecpp::StringPiece kernel_dump, |
| bool print_diagnostics, |
| std::string *panic_message) { |
| // Match lines such as the following and grab out "Fatal exception" |
| // <0>[ 342.841135] Kernel panic - not syncing: Fatal exception |
| pcrecpp::RE kernel_panic_re(kTimestampRegex + |
| " Kernel panic[^\\:]*\\:\\s*(.*)", |
| pcrecpp::MULTILINE()); |
| float timestamp = 0; |
| while (kernel_panic_re.FindAndConsume(&kernel_dump, |
| ×tamp, |
| panic_message)) { |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("@%f: panic message %s\n", |
| timestamp, |
| panic_message->c_str()); |
| } |
| } |
| if (timestamp == 0) { |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("Found no panic message.\n"); |
| } |
| return false; |
| } |
| return true; |
| } |
| |
| bool KernelCollector::ComputeKernelStackSignature( |
| const std::string &kernel_dump, |
| std::string *kernel_signature, |
| bool print_diagnostics) { |
| unsigned stack_hash = 0; |
| float last_stack_timestamp = 0; |
| std::string human_string; |
| bool is_watchdog_crash; |
| |
| ProcessStackTrace(kernel_dump, |
| print_diagnostics, |
| &stack_hash, |
| &last_stack_timestamp, |
| &is_watchdog_crash); |
| |
| if (!FindCrashingFunction(kernel_dump, |
| print_diagnostics, |
| last_stack_timestamp, |
| &human_string)) { |
| if (!FindPanicMessage(kernel_dump, print_diagnostics, &human_string)) { |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("Found no human readable string, using empty string.\n"); |
| } |
| human_string.clear(); |
| } |
| } |
| |
| if (human_string.empty() && stack_hash == 0) { |
| if (print_diagnostics) { |
| printf("Found neither a stack nor a human readable string, failing.\n"); |
| } |
| return false; |
| } |
| |
| human_string = human_string.substr(0, kMaxHumanStringLength); |
| *kernel_signature = StringPrintf("%s-%s%s-%08X", |
| kKernelExecName, |
| (is_watchdog_crash ? "(HANG)-" : ""), |
| human_string.c_str(), |
| stack_hash); |
| return true; |
| } |
| |
| bool KernelCollector::Collect() { |
| std::string kernel_dump; |
| FilePath root_crash_directory; |
| |
| if (!LoadParameters()) { |
| return false; |
| } |
| if (!LoadPreservedDump(&kernel_dump)) { |
| return false; |
| } |
| StripSensitiveData(&kernel_dump); |
| if (kernel_dump.empty()) { |
| return false; |
| } |
| std::string signature; |
| if (!ComputeKernelStackSignature(kernel_dump, &signature, false)) { |
| signature = kDefaultKernelStackSignature; |
| } |
| |
| std::string reason = "handling"; |
| bool feedback = true; |
| if (IsDeveloperImage()) { |
| reason = "developer build - always dumping"; |
| feedback = true; |
| } else if (!is_feedback_allowed_function_()) { |
| reason = "ignoring - no consent"; |
| feedback = false; |
| } |
| |
| LOG(INFO) << "Received prior crash notification from " |
| << "kernel (signature " << signature << ") (" << reason << ")"; |
| |
| if (feedback) { |
| count_crash_function_(); |
| |
| if (!GetCreatedCrashDirectoryByEuid(kRootUid, |
| &root_crash_directory, |
| NULL)) { |
| return true; |
| } |
| |
| std::string dump_basename = |
| FormatDumpBasename(kKernelExecName, |
| time(NULL), |
| kKernelPid); |
| FilePath kernel_crash_path = root_crash_directory.Append( |
| StringPrintf("%s.kcrash", dump_basename.c_str())); |
| |
| // We must use WriteNewFile instead of file_util::WriteFile as we |
| // do not want to write with root access to a symlink that an attacker |
| // might have created. |
| if (WriteNewFile(kernel_crash_path, |
| kernel_dump.data(), |
| kernel_dump.length()) != |
| static_cast<int>(kernel_dump.length())) { |
| LOG(INFO) << "Failed to write kernel dump to " |
| << kernel_crash_path.value().c_str(); |
| return true; |
| } |
| |
| AddCrashMetaData(kKernelSignatureKey, signature); |
| WriteCrashMetaData( |
| root_crash_directory.Append( |
| StringPrintf("%s.meta", dump_basename.c_str())), |
| kKernelExecName, |
| kernel_crash_path.value()); |
| |
| LOG(INFO) << "Stored kcrash to " << kernel_crash_path.value(); |
| } |
| |
| return true; |
| } |