partition_installer.cpp

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2019 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

#include "partition_installer.h"

#include <sys/statvfs.h>

#include <android-base/file.h>
#include <android-base/logging.h>
#include <android-base/unique_fd.h>
#include <ext4_utils/ext4_utils.h>
#include <fs_mgr.h>
#include <fs_mgr_dm_linear.h>
#include <libdm/dm.h>
#include <libgsi/libgsi.h>
#include <liblp/partition_opener.h>

#include "file_paths.h"
#include "gsi_service.h"
#include "libgsi_private.h"

namespace android {
namespace gsi {

using namespace std::literals;
using namespace android::dm;
using namespace android::fiemap;
using namespace android::fs_mgr;
using android::base::unique_fd;

PartitionInstaller::PartitionInstaller(GsiService* service, const std::string& install_dir,
                                       const std::string& name, const std::string& active_dsu,
                                       int64_t size, bool read_only)
    : service_(service),
      install_dir_(install_dir),
      name_(name),
      active_dsu_(active_dsu),
      size_(size),
      readOnly_(read_only) {
    images_ = ImageManager::Open(MetadataDir(active_dsu), install_dir_);
}

PartitionInstaller::~PartitionInstaller() {
    if (FinishInstall() != IGsiService::INSTALL_OK) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Installation failed: install_dir=" << install_dir_
                   << ", dsu_slot=" << active_dsu_ << ", partition_name=" << name_;
    }
    if (IsAshmemMapped()) {
        UnmapAshmem();
    }
}

int PartitionInstaller::FinishInstall() {
    if (finished_) {
        return finished_status_;
    }
    finished_ = true;
    finished_status_ = CheckInstallState();
    system_device_ = nullptr;
    if (finished_status_ != IGsiService::INSTALL_OK) {
        auto file = GetBackingFile(name_);
        LOG(ERROR) << "Installation failed, clean up: " << file;
        if (images_->IsImageMapped(file)) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "unmap " << file;
            images_->UnmapImageDevice(file);
        }
        images_->DeleteBackingImage(file);
    }
    return finished_status_;
}

int PartitionInstaller::StartInstall() {
    if (int status = PerformSanityChecks()) {
        return status;
    }
    if (int status = Preallocate()) {
        return status;
    }
    if (!readOnly_) {
        if (!Format()) {
            return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
        }
    } else {
        // Map ${name}_gsi so we can write to it.
        system_device_ = OpenPartition(GetBackingFile(name_));
        if (!system_device_) {
            return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
        }

        // Clear the progress indicator.
        service_->UpdateProgress(IGsiService::STATUS_NO_OPERATION, 0);
    }
    return IGsiService::INSTALL_OK;
}

int PartitionInstaller::PerformSanityChecks() {
    if (!images_) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "unable to create image manager";
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }
    if (size_ < 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "image size " << size_ << " is negative";
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }
    if (android::gsi::IsGsiRunning()) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "cannot install gsi inside a live gsi";
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }

    struct statvfs sb;
    if (statvfs(install_dir_.c_str(), &sb)) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "failed to read file system stats";
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }

    // This is the same as android::vold::GetFreebytes() but we also
    // need the total file system size so we open code it here.
    uint64_t free_space = static_cast<uint64_t>(sb.f_bavail) * sb.f_frsize;
    if (free_space <= (size_)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "not enough free space (only " << free_space << " bytes available)";
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_NO_SPACE;
    }

    const auto free_space_threshold = GetMinimumFreeSpaceThreshold(install_dir_);
    if (!free_space_threshold.has_value()) {
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }
    if (free_space < size_ + *free_space_threshold) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "post-installation free space (" << free_space << " - " << size_
                   << ") would be below the minimum threshold of " << *free_space_threshold;
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_FILE_SYSTEM_CLUTTERED;
    }
    return IGsiService::INSTALL_OK;
}

int PartitionInstaller::Preallocate() {
    std::string file = GetBackingFile(name_);
    if (!images_->UnmapImageIfExists(file)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "failed to UnmapImageIfExists " << file;
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }
    // always delete the old one when it presents in case there might a partition
    // with same name but different size.
    if (images_->BackingImageExists(file)) {
        if (!images_->DeleteBackingImage(file)) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "failed to DeleteBackingImage " << file;
            return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
        }
    }
    service_->StartAsyncOperation("create " + name_, size_);
    if (!CreateImage(file, size_)) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Could not create userdata image";
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }
    service_->UpdateProgress(IGsiService::STATUS_COMPLETE, 0);
    return IGsiService::INSTALL_OK;
}

bool PartitionInstaller::CreateImage(const std::string& name, uint64_t size) {
    auto progress = [this](uint64_t bytes, uint64_t /* total */) -> bool {
        service_->UpdateProgress(IGsiService::STATUS_WORKING, bytes);
        if (service_->should_abort()) return false;
        return true;
    };
    int flags = ImageManager::CREATE_IMAGE_DEFAULT;
    if (readOnly_) {
        flags |= ImageManager::CREATE_IMAGE_READONLY;
    }
    return images_->CreateBackingImage(name, size, flags, std::move(progress));
}

std::unique_ptr<MappedDevice> PartitionInstaller::OpenPartition(const std::string& name) {
    return MappedDevice::Open(images_.get(), 10s, name);
}

bool PartitionInstaller::CommitGsiChunk(int stream_fd, int64_t bytes) {
    service_->StartAsyncOperation("write " + name_, size_);

    if (bytes < 0) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "chunk size " << bytes << " is negative";
        return false;
    }

    static const size_t kBlockSize = 4096;
    auto buffer = std::make_unique<char[]>(kBlockSize);

    int progress = -1;
    uint64_t remaining = bytes;
    while (remaining) {
        size_t max_to_read = std::min(static_cast<uint64_t>(kBlockSize), remaining);
        ssize_t rv = TEMP_FAILURE_RETRY(read(stream_fd, buffer.get(), max_to_read));
        if (rv < 0) {
            PLOG(ERROR) << "read gsi chunk";
            return false;
        }
        if (rv == 0) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "no bytes left in stream";
            return false;
        }
        if (!CommitGsiChunk(buffer.get(), rv)) {
            return false;
        }
        CHECK(static_cast<uint64_t>(rv) <= remaining);
        remaining -= rv;

        // Only update the progress when the % (or permille, in this case)
        // significantly changes.
        int new_progress = ((size_ - remaining) * 1000) / size_;
        if (new_progress != progress) {
            service_->UpdateProgress(IGsiService::STATUS_WORKING, size_ - remaining);
        }
    }

    service_->UpdateProgress(IGsiService::STATUS_COMPLETE, size_);
    return true;
}

bool PartitionInstaller::IsFinishedWriting() {
    return gsi_bytes_written_ == size_;
}

bool PartitionInstaller::IsAshmemMapped() {
    return ashmem_data_ != MAP_FAILED;
}

bool PartitionInstaller::CommitGsiChunk(const void* data, size_t bytes) {
    if (static_cast<uint64_t>(bytes) > size_ - gsi_bytes_written_) {
        // We cannot write past the end of the image file.
        LOG(ERROR) << "chunk size " << bytes << " exceeds remaining image size (" << size_
                   << " expected, " << gsi_bytes_written_ << " written)";
        return false;
    }
    if (service_->should_abort()) {
        return false;
    }
    if (!android::base::WriteFully(system_device_->fd(), data, bytes)) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "write failed";
        return false;
    }
    gsi_bytes_written_ += bytes;
    return true;
}

int PartitionInstaller::GetPartitionFd() {
    return system_device_->fd();
}

bool PartitionInstaller::MapAshmem(int fd, size_t size) {
    ashmem_size_ = size;
    ashmem_data_ = mmap(NULL, size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fd, 0);
    return ashmem_data_ != MAP_FAILED;
}

void PartitionInstaller::UnmapAshmem() {
    if (munmap(ashmem_data_, ashmem_size_) != 0) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "cannot munmap";
        return;
    }
    ashmem_data_ = MAP_FAILED;
    ashmem_size_ = -1;
}

bool PartitionInstaller::CommitGsiChunk(size_t bytes) {
    if (!IsAshmemMapped()) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "ashmem is not mapped";
        return false;
    }
    bool success = CommitGsiChunk(ashmem_data_, bytes);
    if (success && IsFinishedWriting()) {
        UnmapAshmem();
    }
    return success;
}

const std::string PartitionInstaller::GetBackingFile(std::string name) {
    return name + "_gsi";
}

bool PartitionInstaller::Format() {
    auto file = GetBackingFile(name_);
    auto device = OpenPartition(file);
    if (!device) {
        return false;
    }

    // libcutils checks the first 4K, no matter the block size.
    std::string zeroes(4096, 0);
    if (!android::base::WriteFully(device->fd(), zeroes.data(), zeroes.size())) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "write " << file;
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

int PartitionInstaller::CheckInstallState() {
    if (readOnly_ && !IsFinishedWriting()) {
        // We cannot boot if the image is incomplete.
        LOG(ERROR) << "image incomplete; expected " << size_ << " bytes, waiting for "
                   << (size_ - gsi_bytes_written_) << " bytes";
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }
    if (system_device_ != nullptr && fsync(GetPartitionFd())) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "fsync failed for " << GetBackingFile(name_);
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }
    // If files moved (are no longer pinned), the metadata file will be invalid.
    // This check can be removed once b/133967059 is fixed.
    if (!images_->Validate()) {
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }
    return IGsiService::INSTALL_OK;
}

int PartitionInstaller::WipeWritable(const std::string& active_dsu, const std::string& install_dir,
                                     const std::string& name) {
    auto image = ImageManager::Open(MetadataDir(active_dsu), install_dir);
    // The device object has to be destroyed before the image object
    auto device = MappedDevice::Open(image.get(), 10s, name);
    if (!device) {
        return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
    }

    // Wipe the first 1MiB of the device, ensuring both the first block and
    // the superblock are destroyed.
    static constexpr uint64_t kEraseSize = 1024 * 1024;

    std::string zeroes(4096, 0);
    uint64_t erase_size = std::min(kEraseSize, get_block_device_size(device->fd()));
    for (uint64_t i = 0; i < erase_size; i += zeroes.size()) {
        if (!android::base::WriteFully(device->fd(), zeroes.data(), zeroes.size())) {
            PLOG(ERROR) << "write " << name;
            return IGsiService::INSTALL_ERROR_GENERIC;
        }
    }
    return IGsiService::INSTALL_OK;
}

std::optional<uint64_t> PartitionInstaller::GetMinimumFreeSpaceThreshold(
        const std::string& install_dir) {
    // No need to retain any space if we were not installing to the internal storage.
    if (!android::base::StartsWith(install_dir, "/data"s)) {
        return 0;
    }
    // Dynamic Partitions device must have a "super" block device.
    BlockDeviceInfo info;
    PartitionOpener opener;
    if (!opener.GetInfo(fs_mgr_get_super_partition_name(), &info)) {
        // We shouldn't reach here, but handle it just in case.
        LOG(ERROR) << "could not get block device info of super";
        return std::nullopt;
    }
    // Reserve |super partition| of storage space so we don't disable VAB.
    return info.size;
}

}  // namespace gsi
}  // namespace android