common/libcurl_http_fetcher.cc

//
// Copyright (C) 2009 The Android Open Source Project
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.
//

#include "update_engine/common/libcurl_http_fetcher.h"

#include <algorithm>
#include <string>

#include <base/bind.h>
#include <base/format_macros.h>
#include <base/location.h>
#include <base/logging.h>
#include <base/strings/string_util.h>
#include <base/strings/stringprintf.h>

#include "update_engine/common/certificate_checker.h"
#include "update_engine/common/hardware_interface.h"
#include "update_engine/common/platform_constants.h"

using base::TimeDelta;
using brillo::MessageLoop;
using std::max;
using std::string;

// This is a concrete implementation of HttpFetcher that uses libcurl to do the
// http work.

namespace chromeos_update_engine {

namespace {
const int kNoNetworkRetrySeconds = 10;
}  // namespace

LibcurlHttpFetcher::~LibcurlHttpFetcher() {
  LOG_IF(ERROR, transfer_in_progress_)
      << "Destroying the fetcher while a transfer is in progress.";
  CleanUp();
}

bool LibcurlHttpFetcher::GetProxyType(const string& proxy,
                                      curl_proxytype* out_type) {
  if (base::StartsWithASCII(proxy, "socks5://", true) ||
      base::StartsWithASCII(proxy, "socks://", true)) {
    *out_type = CURLPROXY_SOCKS5_HOSTNAME;
    return true;
  }
  if (base::StartsWithASCII(proxy, "socks4://", true)) {
    *out_type = CURLPROXY_SOCKS4A;
    return true;
  }
  if (base::StartsWithASCII(proxy, "http://", true) ||
      base::StartsWithASCII(proxy, "https://", true)) {
    *out_type = CURLPROXY_HTTP;
    return true;
  }
  if (base::StartsWithASCII(proxy, kNoProxy, true)) {
    // known failure case. don't log.
    return false;
  }
  LOG(INFO) << "Unknown proxy type: " << proxy;
  return false;
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::ResumeTransfer(const string& url) {
  LOG(INFO) << "Starting/Resuming transfer";
  CHECK(!transfer_in_progress_);
  url_ = url;
  curl_multi_handle_ = curl_multi_init();
  CHECK(curl_multi_handle_);

  curl_handle_ = curl_easy_init();
  CHECK(curl_handle_);

  CHECK(HasProxy());
  bool is_direct = (GetCurrentProxy() == kNoProxy);
  LOG(INFO) << "Using proxy: " << (is_direct ? "no" : "yes");
  if (is_direct) {
    CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_,
                              CURLOPT_PROXY,
                              ""), CURLE_OK);
  } else {
    CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_,
                              CURLOPT_PROXY,
                              GetCurrentProxy().c_str()), CURLE_OK);
    // Curl seems to require us to set the protocol
    curl_proxytype type;
    if (GetProxyType(GetCurrentProxy(), &type)) {
      CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_,
                                CURLOPT_PROXYTYPE,
                                type), CURLE_OK);
    }
  }

  if (post_data_set_) {
    CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_POST, 1), CURLE_OK);
    CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,
                              post_data_.data()),
             CURLE_OK);
    CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE,
                              post_data_.size()),
             CURLE_OK);

    // Set the Content-Type HTTP header, if one was specifically set.
    CHECK(!curl_http_headers_);
    if (post_content_type_ != kHttpContentTypeUnspecified) {
      const string content_type_attr =
        base::StringPrintf("Content-Type: %s",
                           GetHttpContentTypeString(post_content_type_));
      curl_http_headers_ = curl_slist_append(nullptr,
                                             content_type_attr.c_str());
      CHECK(curl_http_headers_);
      CHECK_EQ(
          curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER,
                           curl_http_headers_),
          CURLE_OK);
    } else {
      LOG(WARNING) << "no content type set, using libcurl default";
    }
  }

  if (bytes_downloaded_ > 0 || download_length_) {
    // Resume from where we left off.
    resume_offset_ = bytes_downloaded_;
    CHECK_GE(resume_offset_, 0);

    // Compute end offset, if one is specified. As per HTTP specification, this
    // is an inclusive boundary. Make sure it doesn't overflow.
    size_t end_offset = 0;
    if (download_length_) {
      end_offset = static_cast<size_t>(resume_offset_) + download_length_ - 1;
      CHECK_LE((size_t) resume_offset_, end_offset);
    }

    // Create a string representation of the desired range.
    string range_str = base::StringPrintf(
        "%" PRIu64 "-", static_cast<uint64_t>(resume_offset_));
    if (end_offset)
      range_str += std::to_string(end_offset);
    CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_RANGE, range_str.c_str()),
             CURLE_OK);
  }

  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, this), CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION,
                            StaticLibcurlWrite), CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_URL, url_.c_str()),
           CURLE_OK);

  // If the connection drops under |low_speed_limit_bps_| (10
  // bytes/sec by default) for |low_speed_time_seconds_| (90 seconds,
  // 180 on non-official builds), reconnect.
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_LIMIT,
                            low_speed_limit_bps_),
           CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_LOW_SPEED_TIME,
                            low_speed_time_seconds_),
           CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT,
                            connect_timeout_seconds_),
           CURLE_OK);

  // By default, libcurl doesn't follow redirections. Allow up to
  // |kDownloadMaxRedirects| redirections.
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1), CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_MAXREDIRS,
                            kDownloadMaxRedirects),
           CURLE_OK);

  // Lock down the appropriate curl options for HTTP or HTTPS depending on
  // the url.
  if (GetSystemState()->hardware()->IsOfficialBuild()) {
    if (base::StartsWithASCII(url_, "http://", false))
      SetCurlOptionsForHttp();
    else
      SetCurlOptionsForHttps();
  } else {
    LOG(INFO) << "Not setting http(s) curl options because we are "
              << "running a dev/test image";
  }

  CHECK_EQ(curl_multi_add_handle(curl_multi_handle_, curl_handle_), CURLM_OK);
  transfer_in_progress_ = true;
}

// Lock down only the protocol in case of HTTP.
void LibcurlHttpFetcher::SetCurlOptionsForHttp() {
  LOG(INFO) << "Setting up curl options for HTTP";
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTP),
           CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS,
                            CURLPROTO_HTTP),
           CURLE_OK);
}

// Security lock-down in official builds: makes sure that peer certificate
// verification is enabled, restricts the set of trusted certificates,
// restricts protocols to HTTPS, restricts ciphers to HIGH.
void LibcurlHttpFetcher::SetCurlOptionsForHttps() {
  LOG(INFO) << "Setting up curl options for HTTPS";
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER, 1),
           CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_CAPATH,
                            constants::kCACertificatesPath),
           CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTPS),
           CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_REDIR_PROTOCOLS,
                            CURLPROTO_HTTPS),
           CURLE_OK);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_SSL_CIPHER_LIST, "HIGH:!ADH"),
           CURLE_OK);
  if (check_certificate_ != CertificateChecker::kNone) {
    CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_SSL_CTX_DATA,
                              &check_certificate_),
             CURLE_OK);
    CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_setopt(curl_handle_, CURLOPT_SSL_CTX_FUNCTION,
                              CertificateChecker::ProcessSSLContext),
             CURLE_OK);
  }
}


// Begins the transfer, which must not have already been started.
void LibcurlHttpFetcher::BeginTransfer(const string& url) {
  CHECK(!transfer_in_progress_);
  url_ = url;
  auto closure = base::Bind(&LibcurlHttpFetcher::ProxiesResolved,
                            base::Unretained(this));
  if (!ResolveProxiesForUrl(url_, closure)) {
    LOG(ERROR) << "Couldn't resolve proxies";
    if (delegate_)
      delegate_->TransferComplete(this, false);
  }
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::ProxiesResolved() {
  transfer_size_ = -1;
  resume_offset_ = 0;
  retry_count_ = 0;
  no_network_retry_count_ = 0;
  http_response_code_ = 0;
  terminate_requested_ = false;
  sent_byte_ = false;
  ResumeTransfer(url_);
  CurlPerformOnce();
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::ForceTransferTermination() {
  CleanUp();
  if (delegate_) {
    // Note that after the callback returns this object may be destroyed.
    delegate_->TransferTerminated(this);
  }
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::TerminateTransfer() {
  if (in_write_callback_) {
    terminate_requested_ = true;
  } else {
    ForceTransferTermination();
  }
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::CurlPerformOnce() {
  CHECK(transfer_in_progress_);
  int running_handles = 0;
  CURLMcode retcode = CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM;

  // libcurl may request that we immediately call curl_multi_perform after it
  // returns, so we do. libcurl promises that curl_multi_perform will not block.
  while (CURLM_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM == retcode) {
    retcode = curl_multi_perform(curl_multi_handle_, &running_handles);
    if (terminate_requested_) {
      ForceTransferTermination();
      return;
    }
  }
  if (0 == running_handles) {
    GetHttpResponseCode();
    if (http_response_code_) {
      LOG(INFO) << "HTTP response code: " << http_response_code_;
      no_network_retry_count_ = 0;
    } else {
      LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to get http response code.";
    }

    // we're done!
    CleanUp();

    // TODO(petkov): This temporary code tries to deal with the case where the
    // update engine performs an update check while the network is not ready
    // (e.g., right after resume). Longer term, we should check if the network
    // is online/offline and return an appropriate error code.
    if (!sent_byte_ &&
        http_response_code_ == 0 &&
        no_network_retry_count_ < no_network_max_retries_) {
      no_network_retry_count_++;
      MessageLoop::current()->PostDelayedTask(
          FROM_HERE,
          base::Bind(&LibcurlHttpFetcher::RetryTimeoutCallback,
                     base::Unretained(this)),
          TimeDelta::FromSeconds(kNoNetworkRetrySeconds));
      LOG(INFO) << "No HTTP response, retry " << no_network_retry_count_;
      return;
    }

    if ((!sent_byte_ && !IsHttpResponseSuccess()) || IsHttpResponseError()) {
      // The transfer completed w/ error and we didn't get any bytes.
      // If we have another proxy to try, try that.
      //
      // TODO(garnold) in fact there are two separate cases here: one case is an
      // other-than-success return code (including no return code) and no
      // received bytes, which is necessary due to the way callbacks are
      // currently processing error conditions;  the second is an explicit HTTP
      // error code, where some data may have been received (as in the case of a
      // semi-successful multi-chunk fetch).  This is a confusing behavior and
      // should be unified into a complete, coherent interface.
      LOG(INFO) << "Transfer resulted in an error (" << http_response_code_
                << "), " << bytes_downloaded_ << " bytes downloaded";

      PopProxy();  // Delete the proxy we just gave up on.

      if (HasProxy()) {
        // We have another proxy. Retry immediately.
        LOG(INFO) << "Retrying with next proxy setting";
        MessageLoop::current()->PostTask(
            FROM_HERE,
            base::Bind(&LibcurlHttpFetcher::RetryTimeoutCallback,
                       base::Unretained(this)));
      } else {
        // Out of proxies. Give up.
        LOG(INFO) << "No further proxies, indicating transfer complete";
        if (delegate_)
          delegate_->TransferComplete(this, false);  // signal fail
      }
    } else if ((transfer_size_ >= 0) && (bytes_downloaded_ < transfer_size_)) {
      retry_count_++;
      LOG(INFO) << "Transfer interrupted after downloading "
                << bytes_downloaded_ << " of " << transfer_size_ << " bytes. "
                << transfer_size_ - bytes_downloaded_ << " bytes remaining "
                << "after " << retry_count_ << " attempt(s)";

      if (retry_count_ > max_retry_count_) {
        LOG(INFO) << "Reached max attempts (" << retry_count_ << ")";
        if (delegate_)
          delegate_->TransferComplete(this, false);  // signal fail
      } else {
        // Need to restart transfer
        LOG(INFO) << "Restarting transfer to download the remaining bytes";
        MessageLoop::current()->PostDelayedTask(
            FROM_HERE,
            base::Bind(&LibcurlHttpFetcher::RetryTimeoutCallback,
                       base::Unretained(this)),
            TimeDelta::FromSeconds(retry_seconds_));
      }
    } else {
      LOG(INFO) << "Transfer completed (" << http_response_code_
                << "), " << bytes_downloaded_ << " bytes downloaded";
      if (delegate_) {
        bool success = IsHttpResponseSuccess();
        delegate_->TransferComplete(this, success);
      }
    }
  } else {
    // set up callback
    SetupMessageLoopSources();
  }
}

size_t LibcurlHttpFetcher::LibcurlWrite(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb) {
  // Update HTTP response first.
  GetHttpResponseCode();
  const size_t payload_size = size * nmemb;

  // Do nothing if no payload or HTTP response is an error.
  if (payload_size == 0 || !IsHttpResponseSuccess()) {
    LOG(INFO) << "HTTP response unsuccessful (" << http_response_code_
              << ") or no payload (" << payload_size << "), nothing to do";
    return 0;
  }

  sent_byte_ = true;
  {
    double transfer_size_double;
    CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_getinfo(curl_handle_,
                               CURLINFO_CONTENT_LENGTH_DOWNLOAD,
                               &transfer_size_double), CURLE_OK);
    off_t new_transfer_size = static_cast<off_t>(transfer_size_double);
    if (new_transfer_size > 0) {
      transfer_size_ = resume_offset_ + new_transfer_size;
    }
  }
  bytes_downloaded_ += payload_size;
  in_write_callback_ = true;
  if (delegate_)
    delegate_->ReceivedBytes(this, ptr, payload_size);
  in_write_callback_ = false;
  return payload_size;
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::Pause() {
  CHECK(curl_handle_);
  CHECK(transfer_in_progress_);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_pause(curl_handle_, CURLPAUSE_ALL), CURLE_OK);
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::Unpause() {
  CHECK(curl_handle_);
  CHECK(transfer_in_progress_);
  CHECK_EQ(curl_easy_pause(curl_handle_, CURLPAUSE_CONT), CURLE_OK);
}

// This method sets up callbacks with the MessageLoop.
void LibcurlHttpFetcher::SetupMessageLoopSources() {
  fd_set fd_read;
  fd_set fd_write;
  fd_set fd_exc;

  FD_ZERO(&fd_read);
  FD_ZERO(&fd_write);
  FD_ZERO(&fd_exc);

  int fd_max = 0;

  // Ask libcurl for the set of file descriptors we should track on its
  // behalf.
  CHECK_EQ(curl_multi_fdset(curl_multi_handle_, &fd_read, &fd_write,
                            &fd_exc, &fd_max), CURLM_OK);

  // We should iterate through all file descriptors up to libcurl's fd_max or
  // the highest one we're tracking, whichever is larger.
  for (size_t t = 0; t < arraysize(fd_task_maps_); ++t) {
    if (!fd_task_maps_[t].empty())
      fd_max = max(fd_max, fd_task_maps_[t].rbegin()->first);
  }

  // For each fd, if we're not tracking it, track it. If we are tracking it, but
  // libcurl doesn't care about it anymore, stop tracking it. After this loop,
  // there should be exactly as many tasks scheduled in fd_task_maps_[0|1] as
  // there are read/write fds that we're tracking.
  for (int fd = 0; fd <= fd_max; ++fd) {
    // Note that fd_exc is unused in the current version of libcurl so is_exc
    // should always be false.
    bool is_exc = FD_ISSET(fd, &fd_exc) != 0;
    bool must_track[2] = {
      is_exc || (FD_ISSET(fd, &fd_read) != 0),  // track 0 -- read
      is_exc || (FD_ISSET(fd, &fd_write) != 0)  // track 1 -- write
    };
    MessageLoop::WatchMode watch_modes[2] = {
      MessageLoop::WatchMode::kWatchRead,
      MessageLoop::WatchMode::kWatchWrite,
    };

    for (size_t t = 0; t < arraysize(fd_task_maps_); ++t) {
      auto fd_task_it = fd_task_maps_[t].find(fd);
      bool tracked = fd_task_it != fd_task_maps_[t].end();

      if (!must_track[t]) {
        // If we have an outstanding io_channel, remove it.
        if (tracked) {
          MessageLoop::current()->CancelTask(fd_task_it->second);
          fd_task_maps_[t].erase(fd_task_it);
        }
        continue;
      }

      // If we are already tracking this fd, continue -- nothing to do.
      if (tracked)
        continue;

      // Track a new fd.
      fd_task_maps_[t][fd] = MessageLoop::current()->WatchFileDescriptor(
          FROM_HERE,
          fd,
          watch_modes[t],
          true,  // persistent
          base::Bind(&LibcurlHttpFetcher::CurlPerformOnce,
                     base::Unretained(this)));

      static int io_counter = 0;
      io_counter++;
      if (io_counter % 50 == 0) {
        LOG(INFO) << "io_counter = " << io_counter;
      }
    }
  }

  // Set up a timeout callback for libcurl.
  if (timeout_id_ == MessageLoop::kTaskIdNull) {
    LOG(INFO) << "Setting up timeout source: " << idle_seconds_ << " seconds.";
    timeout_id_ = MessageLoop::current()->PostDelayedTask(
        FROM_HERE,
        base::Bind(&LibcurlHttpFetcher::TimeoutCallback,
                   base::Unretained(this)),
        TimeDelta::FromSeconds(idle_seconds_));
  }
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::RetryTimeoutCallback() {
  ResumeTransfer(url_);
  CurlPerformOnce();
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::TimeoutCallback() {
  // We always re-schedule the callback, even if we don't want to be called
  // anymore. We will remove the event source separately if we don't want to
  // be called back.
  timeout_id_ = MessageLoop::current()->PostDelayedTask(
      FROM_HERE,
      base::Bind(&LibcurlHttpFetcher::TimeoutCallback, base::Unretained(this)),
      TimeDelta::FromSeconds(idle_seconds_));

  // CurlPerformOnce() may call CleanUp(), so we need to schedule our callback
  // first, since it could be canceled by this call.
  if (transfer_in_progress_)
    CurlPerformOnce();
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::CleanUp() {
  MessageLoop::current()->CancelTask(timeout_id_);
  timeout_id_ = MessageLoop::kTaskIdNull;

  for (size_t t = 0; t < arraysize(fd_task_maps_); ++t) {
    for (const auto& fd_taks_pair : fd_task_maps_[t]) {
      if (!MessageLoop::current()->CancelTask(fd_taks_pair.second)) {
        LOG(WARNING) << "Error canceling the watch task "
                     << fd_taks_pair.second << " for "
                     << (t ? "writing" : "reading") << " the fd "
                     << fd_taks_pair.first;
      }
    }
    fd_task_maps_[t].clear();
  }

  if (curl_http_headers_) {
    curl_slist_free_all(curl_http_headers_);
    curl_http_headers_ = nullptr;
  }
  if (curl_handle_) {
    if (curl_multi_handle_) {
      CHECK_EQ(curl_multi_remove_handle(curl_multi_handle_, curl_handle_),
               CURLM_OK);
    }
    curl_easy_cleanup(curl_handle_);
    curl_handle_ = nullptr;
  }
  if (curl_multi_handle_) {
    CHECK_EQ(curl_multi_cleanup(curl_multi_handle_), CURLM_OK);
    curl_multi_handle_ = nullptr;
  }
  transfer_in_progress_ = false;
}

void LibcurlHttpFetcher::GetHttpResponseCode() {
  long http_response_code = 0;  // NOLINT(runtime/int) - curl needs long.
  if (curl_easy_getinfo(curl_handle_,
                        CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE,
                        &http_response_code) == CURLE_OK) {
    http_response_code_ = static_cast<int>(http_response_code);
  }
}

}  // namespace chromeos_update_engine