llvm/lib/Transforms/IPO/FunctionAttrs.cpp

//===- FunctionAttrs.cpp - Pass which marks functions attributes ----------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements a simple interprocedural pass which walks the
// call-graph, looking for functions which do not access or only read
// non-local memory, and marking them readnone/readonly.  It does the
// same with function arguments independently, marking them readonly/
// readnone/nocapture.  Finally, well-known library call declarations
// are marked with all attributes that are consistent with the
// function's standard definition. This pass is implemented as a
// bottom-up traversal of the call-graph.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "llvm/Transforms/IPO.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SCCIterator.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SetVector.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallSet.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/Statistic.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringSwitch.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/AliasAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/AssumptionCache.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/BasicAliasAnalysis.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/CallGraph.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/CallGraphSCCPass.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/CaptureTracking.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/ValueTracking.h"
#include "llvm/IR/GlobalVariable.h"
#include "llvm/IR/InstIterator.h"
#include "llvm/IR/IntrinsicInst.h"
#include "llvm/IR/LLVMContext.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Debug.h"
#include "llvm/Support/raw_ostream.h"
#include "llvm/Analysis/TargetLibraryInfo.h"
using namespace llvm;

#define DEBUG_TYPE "functionattrs"

STATISTIC(NumReadNone, "Number of functions marked readnone");
STATISTIC(NumReadOnly, "Number of functions marked readonly");
STATISTIC(NumNoCapture, "Number of arguments marked nocapture");
STATISTIC(NumReadNoneArg, "Number of arguments marked readnone");
STATISTIC(NumReadOnlyArg, "Number of arguments marked readonly");
STATISTIC(NumNoAlias, "Number of function returns marked noalias");
STATISTIC(NumNonNullReturn, "Number of function returns marked nonnull");
STATISTIC(NumAnnotated, "Number of attributes added to library functions");
STATISTIC(NumNoRecurse, "Number of functions marked as norecurse");

static cl::list<std::string>
ForceAttributes("force-attribute", cl::Hidden,
                cl::desc("Add an attribute to a function. This should be a "
                         "pair of 'function-name:attribute-name', for "
                         "example -force-add-attribute=foo:noinline. This "
                         "option can be specified multiple times."));

namespace {
typedef SmallSetVector<Function *, 8> SCCNodeSet;
}

namespace {
struct FunctionAttrs : public CallGraphSCCPass {
  static char ID; // Pass identification, replacement for typeid
  FunctionAttrs() : CallGraphSCCPass(ID) {
    initializeFunctionAttrsPass(*PassRegistry::getPassRegistry());
  }

  bool runOnSCC(CallGraphSCC &SCC) override;
  bool doInitialization(CallGraph &CG) override {
    Revisit.clear();
    return false;
  }
  bool doFinalization(CallGraph &CG) override;
  
  void getAnalysisUsage(AnalysisUsage &AU) const override {
    AU.setPreservesCFG();
    AU.addRequired<AssumptionCacheTracker>();
    AU.addRequired<TargetLibraryInfoWrapperPass>();
    CallGraphSCCPass::getAnalysisUsage(AU);
  }

private:
  TargetLibraryInfo *TLI;
  SmallVector<WeakVH,16> Revisit;
};
}

char FunctionAttrs::ID = 0;
INITIALIZE_PASS_BEGIN(FunctionAttrs, "functionattrs",
                      "Deduce function attributes", false, false)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(AssumptionCacheTracker)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(CallGraphWrapperPass)
INITIALIZE_PASS_DEPENDENCY(TargetLibraryInfoWrapperPass)
INITIALIZE_PASS_END(FunctionAttrs, "functionattrs",
                    "Deduce function attributes", false, false)

Pass *llvm::createFunctionAttrsPass() { return new FunctionAttrs(); }

namespace {
/// The three kinds of memory access relevant to 'readonly' and
/// 'readnone' attributes.
enum MemoryAccessKind {
  MAK_ReadNone = 0,
  MAK_ReadOnly = 1,
  MAK_MayWrite = 2
};
}

static MemoryAccessKind checkFunctionMemoryAccess(Function &F, AAResults &AAR,
                                                  const SCCNodeSet &SCCNodes) {
  FunctionModRefBehavior MRB = AAR.getModRefBehavior(&F);
  if (MRB == FMRB_DoesNotAccessMemory)
    // Already perfect!
    return MAK_ReadNone;

  // Definitions with weak linkage may be overridden at linktime with
  // something that writes memory, so treat them like declarations.
  if (F.isDeclaration() || F.mayBeOverridden()) {
    if (AliasAnalysis::onlyReadsMemory(MRB))
      return MAK_ReadOnly;

    // Conservatively assume it writes to memory.
    return MAK_MayWrite;
  }

  // Scan the function body for instructions that may read or write memory.
  bool ReadsMemory = false;
  for (inst_iterator II = inst_begin(F), E = inst_end(F); II != E; ++II) {
    Instruction *I = &*II;

    // Some instructions can be ignored even if they read or write memory.
    // Detect these now, skipping to the next instruction if one is found.
    CallSite CS(cast<Value>(I));
    if (CS) {
      // Ignore calls to functions in the same SCC.
      if (CS.getCalledFunction() && SCCNodes.count(CS.getCalledFunction()))
        continue;
      FunctionModRefBehavior MRB = AAR.getModRefBehavior(CS);

      // If the call doesn't access memory, we're done.
      if (!(MRB & MRI_ModRef))
        continue;

      if (!AliasAnalysis::onlyAccessesArgPointees(MRB)) {
        // The call could access any memory. If that includes writes, give up.
        if (MRB & MRI_Mod)
          return MAK_MayWrite;
        // If it reads, note it.
        if (MRB & MRI_Ref)
          ReadsMemory = true;
        continue;
      }

      // Check whether all pointer arguments point to local memory, and
      // ignore calls that only access local memory.
      for (CallSite::arg_iterator CI = CS.arg_begin(), CE = CS.arg_end();
           CI != CE; ++CI) {
        Value *Arg = *CI;
        if (!Arg->getType()->isPtrOrPtrVectorTy())
          continue;

        AAMDNodes AAInfo;
        I->getAAMetadata(AAInfo);
        MemoryLocation Loc(Arg, MemoryLocation::UnknownSize, AAInfo);

        // Skip accesses to local or constant memory as they don't impact the
        // externally visible mod/ref behavior.
        if (AAR.pointsToConstantMemory(Loc, /*OrLocal=*/true))
          continue;

        if (MRB & MRI_Mod)
          // Writes non-local memory.  Give up.
          return MAK_MayWrite;
        if (MRB & MRI_Ref)
          // Ok, it reads non-local memory.
          ReadsMemory = true;
      }
      continue;
    } else if (LoadInst *LI = dyn_cast<LoadInst>(I)) {
      // Ignore non-volatile loads from local memory. (Atomic is okay here.)
      if (!LI->isVolatile()) {
        MemoryLocation Loc = MemoryLocation::get(LI);
        if (AAR.pointsToConstantMemory(Loc, /*OrLocal=*/true))
          continue;
      }
    } else if (StoreInst *SI = dyn_cast<StoreInst>(I)) {
      // Ignore non-volatile stores to local memory. (Atomic is okay here.)
      if (!SI->isVolatile()) {
        MemoryLocation Loc = MemoryLocation::get(SI);
        if (AAR.pointsToConstantMemory(Loc, /*OrLocal=*/true))
          continue;
      }
    } else if (VAArgInst *VI = dyn_cast<VAArgInst>(I)) {
      // Ignore vaargs on local memory.
      MemoryLocation Loc = MemoryLocation::get(VI);
      if (AAR.pointsToConstantMemory(Loc, /*OrLocal=*/true))
        continue;
    }

    // Any remaining instructions need to be taken seriously!  Check if they
    // read or write memory.
    if (I->mayWriteToMemory())
      // Writes memory.  Just give up.
      return MAK_MayWrite;

    // If this instruction may read memory, remember that.
    ReadsMemory |= I->mayReadFromMemory();
  }

  return ReadsMemory ? MAK_ReadOnly : MAK_ReadNone;
}

/// Deduce readonly/readnone attributes for the SCC.
template <typename AARGetterT>
static bool addReadAttrs(const SCCNodeSet &SCCNodes, AARGetterT AARGetter) {
  // Check if any of the functions in the SCC read or write memory.  If they
  // write memory then they can't be marked readnone or readonly.
  bool ReadsMemory = false;
  for (Function *F : SCCNodes) {
    // Call the callable parameter to look up AA results for this function.
    AAResults &AAR = AARGetter(*F);

    switch (checkFunctionMemoryAccess(*F, AAR, SCCNodes)) {
    case MAK_MayWrite:
      return false;
    case MAK_ReadOnly:
      ReadsMemory = true;
      break;
    case MAK_ReadNone:
      // Nothing to do!
      break;
    }
  }

  // Success!  Functions in this SCC do not access memory, or only read memory.
  // Give them the appropriate attribute.
  bool MadeChange = false;
  for (Function *F : SCCNodes) {
    if (F->doesNotAccessMemory())
      // Already perfect!
      continue;

    if (F->onlyReadsMemory() && ReadsMemory)
      // No change.
      continue;

    MadeChange = true;

    // Clear out any existing attributes.
    AttrBuilder B;
    B.addAttribute(Attribute::ReadOnly).addAttribute(Attribute::ReadNone);
    F->removeAttributes(
        AttributeSet::FunctionIndex,
        AttributeSet::get(F->getContext(), AttributeSet::FunctionIndex, B));

    // Add in the new attribute.
    F->addAttribute(AttributeSet::FunctionIndex,
                    ReadsMemory ? Attribute::ReadOnly : Attribute::ReadNone);

    if (ReadsMemory)
      ++NumReadOnly;
    else
      ++NumReadNone;
  }

  return MadeChange;
}

namespace {
/// For a given pointer Argument, this retains a list of Arguments of functions
/// in the same SCC that the pointer data flows into. We use this to build an
/// SCC of the arguments.
struct ArgumentGraphNode {
  Argument *Definition;
  SmallVector<ArgumentGraphNode *, 4> Uses;
};

class ArgumentGraph {
  // We store pointers to ArgumentGraphNode objects, so it's important that
  // that they not move around upon insert.
  typedef std::map<Argument *, ArgumentGraphNode> ArgumentMapTy;

  ArgumentMapTy ArgumentMap;

  // There is no root node for the argument graph, in fact:
  //   void f(int *x, int *y) { if (...) f(x, y); }
  // is an example where the graph is disconnected. The SCCIterator requires a
  // single entry point, so we maintain a fake ("synthetic") root node that
  // uses every node. Because the graph is directed and nothing points into
  // the root, it will not participate in any SCCs (except for its own).
  ArgumentGraphNode SyntheticRoot;

public:
  ArgumentGraph() { SyntheticRoot.Definition = nullptr; }

  typedef SmallVectorImpl<ArgumentGraphNode *>::iterator iterator;

  iterator begin() { return SyntheticRoot.Uses.begin(); }
  iterator end() { return SyntheticRoot.Uses.end(); }
  ArgumentGraphNode *getEntryNode() { return &SyntheticRoot; }

  ArgumentGraphNode *operator[](Argument *A) {
    ArgumentGraphNode &Node = ArgumentMap[A];
    Node.Definition = A;
    SyntheticRoot.Uses.push_back(&Node);
    return &Node;
  }
};

/// This tracker checks whether callees are in the SCC, and if so it does not
/// consider that a capture, instead adding it to the "Uses" list and
/// continuing with the analysis.
struct ArgumentUsesTracker : public CaptureTracker {
  ArgumentUsesTracker(const SCCNodeSet &SCCNodes)
      : Captured(false), SCCNodes(SCCNodes) {}

  void tooManyUses() override { Captured = true; }

  bool captured(const Use *U) override {
    CallSite CS(U->getUser());
    if (!CS.getInstruction()) {
      Captured = true;
      return true;
    }

    Function *F = CS.getCalledFunction();
    if (!F || F->isDeclaration() || F->mayBeOverridden() ||
        !SCCNodes.count(F)) {
      Captured = true;
      return true;
    }

    // Note: the callee and the two successor blocks *follow* the argument
    // operands.  This means there is no need to adjust UseIndex to account for
    // these.

    unsigned UseIndex =
        std::distance(const_cast<const Use *>(CS.arg_begin()), U);

    assert(UseIndex < CS.data_operands_size() &&
           "Indirect function calls should have been filtered above!");

    if (UseIndex >= CS.getNumArgOperands()) {
      // Data operand, but not a argument operand -- must be a bundle operand
      assert(CS.hasOperandBundles() && "Must be!");

      // CaptureTracking told us that we're being captured by an operand bundle
      // use.  In this case it does not matter if the callee is within our SCC
      // or not -- we've been captured in some unknown way, and we have to be
      // conservative.
      Captured = true;
      return true;
    }

    if (UseIndex >= F->arg_size()) {
      assert(F->isVarArg() && "More params than args in non-varargs call");
      Captured = true;
      return true;
    }

    Uses.push_back(&*std::next(F->arg_begin(), UseIndex));
    return false;
  }

  bool Captured; // True only if certainly captured (used outside our SCC).
  SmallVector<Argument *, 4> Uses; // Uses within our SCC.

  const SCCNodeSet &SCCNodes;
};
}

namespace llvm {
template <> struct GraphTraits<ArgumentGraphNode *> {
  typedef ArgumentGraphNode NodeType;
  typedef SmallVectorImpl<ArgumentGraphNode *>::iterator ChildIteratorType;

  static inline NodeType *getEntryNode(NodeType *A) { return A; }
  static inline ChildIteratorType child_begin(NodeType *N) {
    return N->Uses.begin();
  }
  static inline ChildIteratorType child_end(NodeType *N) {
    return N->Uses.end();
  }
};
template <>
struct GraphTraits<ArgumentGraph *> : public GraphTraits<ArgumentGraphNode *> {
  static NodeType *getEntryNode(ArgumentGraph *AG) {
    return AG->getEntryNode();
  }
  static ChildIteratorType nodes_begin(ArgumentGraph *AG) {
    return AG->begin();
  }
  static ChildIteratorType nodes_end(ArgumentGraph *AG) { return AG->end(); }
};
}

/// Returns Attribute::None, Attribute::ReadOnly or Attribute::ReadNone.
static Attribute::AttrKind
determinePointerReadAttrs(Argument *A,
                          const SmallPtrSet<Argument *, 8> &SCCNodes) {

  SmallVector<Use *, 32> Worklist;
  SmallSet<Use *, 32> Visited;

  // inalloca arguments are always clobbered by the call.
  if (A->hasInAllocaAttr())
    return Attribute::None;

  bool IsRead = false;
  // We don't need to track IsWritten. If A is written to, return immediately.

  for (Use &U : A->uses()) {
    Visited.insert(&U);
    Worklist.push_back(&U);
  }

  while (!Worklist.empty()) {
    Use *U = Worklist.pop_back_val();
    Instruction *I = cast<Instruction>(U->getUser());

    switch (I->getOpcode()) {
    case Instruction::BitCast:
    case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
    case Instruction::PHI:
    case Instruction::Select:
    case Instruction::AddrSpaceCast:
      // The original value is not read/written via this if the new value isn't.
      for (Use &UU : I->uses())
        if (Visited.insert(&UU).second)
          Worklist.push_back(&UU);
      break;

    case Instruction::Call:
    case Instruction::Invoke: {
      bool Captures = true;

      if (I->getType()->isVoidTy())
        Captures = false;

      auto AddUsersToWorklistIfCapturing = [&] {
        if (Captures)
          for (Use &UU : I->uses())
            if (Visited.insert(&UU).second)
              Worklist.push_back(&UU);
      };

      CallSite CS(I);
      if (CS.doesNotAccessMemory()) {
        AddUsersToWorklistIfCapturing();
        continue;
      }

      Function *F = CS.getCalledFunction();
      if (!F) {
        if (CS.onlyReadsMemory()) {
          IsRead = true;
          AddUsersToWorklistIfCapturing();
          continue;
        }
        return Attribute::None;
      }

      // Note: the callee and the two successor blocks *follow* the argument
      // operands.  This means there is no need to adjust UseIndex to account
      // for these.

      unsigned UseIndex = std::distance(CS.arg_begin(), U);

      // U cannot be the callee operand use: since we're exploring the
      // transitive uses of an Argument, having such a use be a callee would
      // imply the CallSite is an indirect call or invoke; and we'd take the
      // early exit above.
      assert(UseIndex < CS.data_operands_size() &&
             "Data operand use expected!");

      bool IsOperandBundleUse = UseIndex >= CS.getNumArgOperands();

      if (UseIndex >= F->arg_size() && !IsOperandBundleUse) {
        assert(F->isVarArg() && "More params than args in non-varargs call");
        return Attribute::None;
      }

      Captures &= !CS.doesNotCapture(UseIndex);

      // Since the optimizer (by design) cannot see the data flow corresponding
      // to a operand bundle use, these cannot participate in the optimistic SCC
      // analysis.  Instead, we model the operand bundle uses as arguments in
      // call to a function external to the SCC.
      if (!SCCNodes.count(&*std::next(F->arg_begin(), UseIndex)) ||
          IsOperandBundleUse) {

        // The accessors used on CallSite here do the right thing for calls and
        // invokes with operand bundles.

        if (!CS.onlyReadsMemory() && !CS.onlyReadsMemory(UseIndex))
          return Attribute::None;
        if (!CS.doesNotAccessMemory(UseIndex))
          IsRead = true;
      }

      AddUsersToWorklistIfCapturing();
      break;
    }

    case Instruction::Load:
      IsRead = true;
      break;

    case Instruction::ICmp:
    case Instruction::Ret:
      break;

    default:
      return Attribute::None;
    }
  }

  return IsRead ? Attribute::ReadOnly : Attribute::ReadNone;
}

/// Deduce nocapture attributes for the SCC.
static bool addArgumentAttrs(const SCCNodeSet &SCCNodes) {
  bool Changed = false;

  ArgumentGraph AG;

  AttrBuilder B;
  B.addAttribute(Attribute::NoCapture);

  // Check each function in turn, determining which pointer arguments are not
  // captured.
  for (Function *F : SCCNodes) {
    // Definitions with weak linkage may be overridden at linktime with
    // something that captures pointers, so treat them like declarations.
    if (F->isDeclaration() || F->mayBeOverridden())
      continue;

    // Functions that are readonly (or readnone) and nounwind and don't return
    // a value can't capture arguments. Don't analyze them.
    if (F->onlyReadsMemory() && F->doesNotThrow() &&
        F->getReturnType()->isVoidTy()) {
      for (Function::arg_iterator A = F->arg_begin(), E = F->arg_end(); A != E;
           ++A) {
        if (A->getType()->isPointerTy() && !A->hasNoCaptureAttr()) {
          A->addAttr(AttributeSet::get(F->getContext(), A->getArgNo() + 1, B));
          ++NumNoCapture;
          Changed = true;
        }
      }
      continue;
    }

    for (Function::arg_iterator A = F->arg_begin(), E = F->arg_end(); A != E;
         ++A) {
      if (!A->getType()->isPointerTy())
        continue;
      bool HasNonLocalUses = false;
      if (!A->hasNoCaptureAttr()) {
        ArgumentUsesTracker Tracker(SCCNodes);
        PointerMayBeCaptured(&*A, &Tracker);
        if (!Tracker.Captured) {
          if (Tracker.Uses.empty()) {
            // If it's trivially not captured, mark it nocapture now.
            A->addAttr(
                AttributeSet::get(F->getContext(), A->getArgNo() + 1, B));
            ++NumNoCapture;
            Changed = true;
          } else {
            // If it's not trivially captured and not trivially not captured,
            // then it must be calling into another function in our SCC. Save
            // its particulars for Argument-SCC analysis later.
            ArgumentGraphNode *Node = AG[&*A];
            for (SmallVectorImpl<Argument *>::iterator
                     UI = Tracker.Uses.begin(),
                     UE = Tracker.Uses.end();
                 UI != UE; ++UI) {
              Node->Uses.push_back(AG[*UI]);
              if (*UI != A)
                HasNonLocalUses = true;
            }
          }
        }
        // Otherwise, it's captured. Don't bother doing SCC analysis on it.
      }
      if (!HasNonLocalUses && !A->onlyReadsMemory()) {
        // Can we determine that it's readonly/readnone without doing an SCC?
        // Note that we don't allow any calls at all here, or else our result
        // will be dependent on the iteration order through the functions in the
        // SCC.
        SmallPtrSet<Argument *, 8> Self;
        Self.insert(&*A);
        Attribute::AttrKind R = determinePointerReadAttrs(&*A, Self);
        if (R != Attribute::None) {
          AttrBuilder B;
          B.addAttribute(R);
          A->addAttr(AttributeSet::get(A->getContext(), A->getArgNo() + 1, B));
          Changed = true;
          R == Attribute::ReadOnly ? ++NumReadOnlyArg : ++NumReadNoneArg;
        }
      }
    }
  }

  // The graph we've collected is partial because we stopped scanning for
  // argument uses once we solved the argument trivially. These partial nodes
  // show up as ArgumentGraphNode objects with an empty Uses list, and for
  // these nodes the final decision about whether they capture has already been
  // made.  If the definition doesn't have a 'nocapture' attribute by now, it
  // captures.

  for (scc_iterator<ArgumentGraph *> I = scc_begin(&AG); !I.isAtEnd(); ++I) {
    const std::vector<ArgumentGraphNode *> &ArgumentSCC = *I;
    if (ArgumentSCC.size() == 1) {
      if (!ArgumentSCC[0]->Definition)
        continue; // synthetic root node

      // eg. "void f(int* x) { if (...) f(x); }"
      if (ArgumentSCC[0]->Uses.size() == 1 &&
          ArgumentSCC[0]->Uses[0] == ArgumentSCC[0]) {
        Argument *A = ArgumentSCC[0]->Definition;
        A->addAttr(AttributeSet::get(A->getContext(), A->getArgNo() + 1, B));
        ++NumNoCapture;
        Changed = true;
      }
      continue;
    }

    bool SCCCaptured = false;
    for (auto I = ArgumentSCC.begin(), E = ArgumentSCC.end();
         I != E && !SCCCaptured; ++I) {
      ArgumentGraphNode *Node = *I;
      if (Node->Uses.empty()) {
        if (!Node->Definition->hasNoCaptureAttr())
          SCCCaptured = true;
      }
    }
    if (SCCCaptured)
      continue;

    SmallPtrSet<Argument *, 8> ArgumentSCCNodes;
    // Fill ArgumentSCCNodes with the elements of the ArgumentSCC.  Used for
    // quickly looking up whether a given Argument is in this ArgumentSCC.
    for (auto I = ArgumentSCC.begin(), E = ArgumentSCC.end(); I != E; ++I) {
      ArgumentSCCNodes.insert((*I)->Definition);
    }

    for (auto I = ArgumentSCC.begin(), E = ArgumentSCC.end();
         I != E && !SCCCaptured; ++I) {
      ArgumentGraphNode *N = *I;
      for (SmallVectorImpl<ArgumentGraphNode *>::iterator UI = N->Uses.begin(),
                                                          UE = N->Uses.end();
           UI != UE; ++UI) {
        Argument *A = (*UI)->Definition;
        if (A->hasNoCaptureAttr() || ArgumentSCCNodes.count(A))
          continue;
        SCCCaptured = true;
        break;
      }
    }
    if (SCCCaptured)
      continue;

    for (unsigned i = 0, e = ArgumentSCC.size(); i != e; ++i) {
      Argument *A = ArgumentSCC[i]->Definition;
      A->addAttr(AttributeSet::get(A->getContext(), A->getArgNo() + 1, B));
      ++NumNoCapture;
      Changed = true;
    }

    // We also want to compute readonly/readnone. With a small number of false
    // negatives, we can assume that any pointer which is captured isn't going
    // to be provably readonly or readnone, since by definition we can't
    // analyze all uses of a captured pointer.
    //
    // The false negatives happen when the pointer is captured by a function
    // that promises readonly/readnone behaviour on the pointer, then the
    // pointer's lifetime ends before anything that writes to arbitrary memory.
    // Also, a readonly/readnone pointer may be returned, but returning a
    // pointer is capturing it.

    Attribute::AttrKind ReadAttr = Attribute::ReadNone;
    for (unsigned i = 0, e = ArgumentSCC.size(); i != e; ++i) {
      Argument *A = ArgumentSCC[i]->Definition;
      Attribute::AttrKind K = determinePointerReadAttrs(A, ArgumentSCCNodes);
      if (K == Attribute::ReadNone)
        continue;
      if (K == Attribute::ReadOnly) {
        ReadAttr = Attribute::ReadOnly;
        continue;
      }
      ReadAttr = K;
      break;
    }

    if (ReadAttr != Attribute::None) {
      AttrBuilder B, R;
      B.addAttribute(ReadAttr);
      R.addAttribute(Attribute::ReadOnly).addAttribute(Attribute::ReadNone);
      for (unsigned i = 0, e = ArgumentSCC.size(); i != e; ++i) {
        Argument *A = ArgumentSCC[i]->Definition;
        // Clear out existing readonly/readnone attributes
        A->removeAttr(AttributeSet::get(A->getContext(), A->getArgNo() + 1, R));
        A->addAttr(AttributeSet::get(A->getContext(), A->getArgNo() + 1, B));
        ReadAttr == Attribute::ReadOnly ? ++NumReadOnlyArg : ++NumReadNoneArg;
        Changed = true;
      }
    }
  }

  return Changed;
}

/// Tests whether a function is "malloc-like".
///
/// A function is "malloc-like" if it returns either null or a pointer that
/// doesn't alias any other pointer visible to the caller.
static bool isFunctionMallocLike(Function *F, const SCCNodeSet &SCCNodes) {
  SmallSetVector<Value *, 8> FlowsToReturn;
  for (Function::iterator I = F->begin(), E = F->end(); I != E; ++I)
    if (ReturnInst *Ret = dyn_cast<ReturnInst>(I->getTerminator()))
      FlowsToReturn.insert(Ret->getReturnValue());

  for (unsigned i = 0; i != FlowsToReturn.size(); ++i) {
    Value *RetVal = FlowsToReturn[i];

    if (Constant *C = dyn_cast<Constant>(RetVal)) {
      if (!C->isNullValue() && !isa<UndefValue>(C))
        return false;

      continue;
    }

    if (isa<Argument>(RetVal))
      return false;

    if (Instruction *RVI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(RetVal))
      switch (RVI->getOpcode()) {
      // Extend the analysis by looking upwards.
      case Instruction::BitCast:
      case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
      case Instruction::AddrSpaceCast:
        FlowsToReturn.insert(RVI->getOperand(0));
        continue;
      case Instruction::Select: {
        SelectInst *SI = cast<SelectInst>(RVI);
        FlowsToReturn.insert(SI->getTrueValue());
        FlowsToReturn.insert(SI->getFalseValue());
        continue;
      }
      case Instruction::PHI: {
        PHINode *PN = cast<PHINode>(RVI);
        for (Value *IncValue : PN->incoming_values())
          FlowsToReturn.insert(IncValue);
        continue;
      }

      // Check whether the pointer came from an allocation.
      case Instruction::Alloca:
        break;
      case Instruction::Call:
      case Instruction::Invoke: {
        CallSite CS(RVI);
        if (CS.paramHasAttr(0, Attribute::NoAlias))
          break;
        if (CS.getCalledFunction() && SCCNodes.count(CS.getCalledFunction()))
          break;
      } // fall-through
      default:
        return false; // Did not come from an allocation.
      }

    if (PointerMayBeCaptured(RetVal, false, /*StoreCaptures=*/false))
      return false;
  }

  return true;
}

/// Deduce noalias attributes for the SCC.
static bool addNoAliasAttrs(const SCCNodeSet &SCCNodes) {
  // Check each function in turn, determining which functions return noalias
  // pointers.
  for (Function *F : SCCNodes) {
    // Already noalias.
    if (F->doesNotAlias(0))
      continue;

    // Definitions with weak linkage may be overridden at linktime, so
    // treat them like declarations.
    if (F->isDeclaration() || F->mayBeOverridden())
      return false;

    // We annotate noalias return values, which are only applicable to
    // pointer types.
    if (!F->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      continue;

    if (!isFunctionMallocLike(F, SCCNodes))
      return false;
  }

  bool MadeChange = false;
  for (Function *F : SCCNodes) {
    if (F->doesNotAlias(0) || !F->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      continue;

    F->setDoesNotAlias(0);
    ++NumNoAlias;
    MadeChange = true;
  }

  return MadeChange;
}

/// Tests whether this function is known to not return null.
///
/// Requires that the function returns a pointer.
///
/// Returns true if it believes the function will not return a null, and sets
/// \p Speculative based on whether the returned conclusion is a speculative
/// conclusion due to SCC calls.
static bool isReturnNonNull(Function *F, const SCCNodeSet &SCCNodes,
                            const TargetLibraryInfo &TLI, bool &Speculative) {
  assert(F->getReturnType()->isPointerTy() &&
         "nonnull only meaningful on pointer types");
  Speculative = false;

  SmallSetVector<Value *, 8> FlowsToReturn;
  for (BasicBlock &BB : *F)
    if (auto *Ret = dyn_cast<ReturnInst>(BB.getTerminator()))
      FlowsToReturn.insert(Ret->getReturnValue());

  for (unsigned i = 0; i != FlowsToReturn.size(); ++i) {
    Value *RetVal = FlowsToReturn[i];

    // If this value is locally known to be non-null, we're good
    if (isKnownNonNull(RetVal, &TLI))
      continue;

    // Otherwise, we need to look upwards since we can't make any local
    // conclusions.
    Instruction *RVI = dyn_cast<Instruction>(RetVal);
    if (!RVI)
      return false;
    switch (RVI->getOpcode()) {
    // Extend the analysis by looking upwards.
    case Instruction::BitCast:
    case Instruction::GetElementPtr:
    case Instruction::AddrSpaceCast:
      FlowsToReturn.insert(RVI->getOperand(0));
      continue;
    case Instruction::Select: {
      SelectInst *SI = cast<SelectInst>(RVI);
      FlowsToReturn.insert(SI->getTrueValue());
      FlowsToReturn.insert(SI->getFalseValue());
      continue;
    }
    case Instruction::PHI: {
      PHINode *PN = cast<PHINode>(RVI);
      for (int i = 0, e = PN->getNumIncomingValues(); i != e; ++i)
        FlowsToReturn.insert(PN->getIncomingValue(i));
      continue;
    }
    case Instruction::Call:
    case Instruction::Invoke: {
      CallSite CS(RVI);
      Function *Callee = CS.getCalledFunction();
      // A call to a node within the SCC is assumed to return null until
      // proven otherwise
      if (Callee && SCCNodes.count(Callee)) {
        Speculative = true;
        continue;
      }
      return false;
    }
    default:
      return false; // Unknown source, may be null
    };
    llvm_unreachable("should have either continued or returned");
  }

  return true;
}

/// Deduce nonnull attributes for the SCC.
static bool addNonNullAttrs(const SCCNodeSet &SCCNodes,
                            const TargetLibraryInfo &TLI) {
  // Speculative that all functions in the SCC return only nonnull
  // pointers.  We may refute this as we analyze functions.
  bool SCCReturnsNonNull = true;

  bool MadeChange = false;

  // Check each function in turn, determining which functions return nonnull
  // pointers.
  for (Function *F : SCCNodes) {
    // Already nonnull.
    if (F->getAttributes().hasAttribute(AttributeSet::ReturnIndex,
                                        Attribute::NonNull))
      continue;

    // Definitions with weak linkage may be overridden at linktime, so
    // treat them like declarations.
    if (F->isDeclaration() || F->mayBeOverridden())
      return false;

    // We annotate nonnull return values, which are only applicable to
    // pointer types.
    if (!F->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      continue;

    bool Speculative = false;
    if (isReturnNonNull(F, SCCNodes, TLI, Speculative)) {
      if (!Speculative) {
        // Mark the function eagerly since we may discover a function
        // which prevents us from speculating about the entire SCC
        DEBUG(dbgs() << "Eagerly marking " << F->getName() << " as nonnull\n");
        F->addAttribute(AttributeSet::ReturnIndex, Attribute::NonNull);
        ++NumNonNullReturn;
        MadeChange = true;
      }
      continue;
    }
    // At least one function returns something which could be null, can't
    // speculate any more.
    SCCReturnsNonNull = false;
  }

  if (SCCReturnsNonNull) {
    for (Function *F : SCCNodes) {
      if (F->getAttributes().hasAttribute(AttributeSet::ReturnIndex,
                                          Attribute::NonNull) ||
          !F->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
        continue;

      DEBUG(dbgs() << "SCC marking " << F->getName() << " as nonnull\n");
      F->addAttribute(AttributeSet::ReturnIndex, Attribute::NonNull);
      ++NumNonNullReturn;
      MadeChange = true;
    }
  }

  return MadeChange;
}

static void setDoesNotAccessMemory(Function &F) {
  if (!F.doesNotAccessMemory()) {
    F.setDoesNotAccessMemory();
    ++NumAnnotated;
  }
}

static void setOnlyReadsMemory(Function &F) {
  if (!F.onlyReadsMemory()) {
    F.setOnlyReadsMemory();
    ++NumAnnotated;
  }
}

static void setDoesNotThrow(Function &F) {
  if (!F.doesNotThrow()) {
    F.setDoesNotThrow();
    ++NumAnnotated;
  }
}

static void setDoesNotCapture(Function &F, unsigned n) {
  if (!F.doesNotCapture(n)) {
    F.setDoesNotCapture(n);
    ++NumAnnotated;
  }
}

static void setOnlyReadsMemory(Function &F, unsigned n) {
  if (!F.onlyReadsMemory(n)) {
    F.setOnlyReadsMemory(n);
    ++NumAnnotated;
  }
}

static void setDoesNotAlias(Function &F, unsigned n) {
  if (!F.doesNotAlias(n)) {
    F.setDoesNotAlias(n);
    ++NumAnnotated;
  }
}

static bool setDoesNotRecurse(Function &F) {
  if (F.doesNotRecurse())
    return false;
  F.setDoesNotRecurse();
  ++NumNoRecurse;
  return true;
}

/// Analyze the name and prototype of the given function and set any applicable
/// attributes.
///
/// Returns true if any attributes were set and false otherwise.
static bool inferPrototypeAttributes(Function &F, const TargetLibraryInfo &TLI) {
  if (F.hasFnAttribute(Attribute::OptimizeNone))
    return false;

  FunctionType *FTy = F.getFunctionType();
  LibFunc::Func TheLibFunc;
  if (!(TLI.getLibFunc(F.getName(), TheLibFunc) && TLI.has(TheLibFunc)))
    return false;

  switch (TheLibFunc) {
  case LibFunc::strlen:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::strchr:
  case LibFunc::strrchr:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isIntegerTy())
      return false;
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    break;
  case LibFunc::strtol:
  case LibFunc::strtod:
  case LibFunc::strtof:
  case LibFunc::strtoul:
  case LibFunc::strtoll:
  case LibFunc::strtold:
  case LibFunc::strtoull:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::strcpy:
  case LibFunc::stpcpy:
  case LibFunc::strcat:
  case LibFunc::strncat:
  case LibFunc::strncpy:
  case LibFunc::stpncpy:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::strxfrm:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::strcmp: // 0,1
  case LibFunc::strspn:  // 0,1
  case LibFunc::strncmp: // 0,1
  case LibFunc::strcspn: // 0,1
  case LibFunc::strcoll: // 0,1
  case LibFunc::strcasecmp:  // 0,1
  case LibFunc::strncasecmp: //
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::strstr:
  case LibFunc::strpbrk:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::strtok:
  case LibFunc::strtok_r:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::scanf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::setbuf:
  case LibFunc::setvbuf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::strdup:
  case LibFunc::strndup:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 1 || !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::stat:
  case LibFunc::statvfs:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::sscanf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::sprintf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::snprintf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(2)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 3);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 3);
    break;
  case LibFunc::setitimer:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(2)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 3);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::system:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    // May throw; "system" is a valid pthread cancellation point.
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::malloc:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    break;
  case LibFunc::memcmp:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::memchr:
  case LibFunc::memrchr:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3)
      return false;
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    break;
  case LibFunc::modf:
  case LibFunc::modff:
  case LibFunc::modfl:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::memcpy:
  case LibFunc::memccpy:
  case LibFunc::memmove:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::memalign:
    if (!FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    break;
  case LibFunc::mkdir:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() == 0 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::mktime:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() == 0 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::realloc:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::read:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    // May throw; "read" is a valid pthread cancellation point.
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::rewind:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::rmdir:
  case LibFunc::remove:
  case LibFunc::realpath:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::rename:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::readlink:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::write:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    // May throw; "write" is a valid pthread cancellation point.
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::bcopy:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::bcmp:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::bzero:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::calloc:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    break;
  case LibFunc::chmod:
  case LibFunc::chown:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() == 0 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::ctermid:
  case LibFunc::clearerr:
  case LibFunc::closedir:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() == 0 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::atoi:
  case LibFunc::atol:
  case LibFunc::atof:
  case LibFunc::atoll:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::access:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fopen:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fdopen:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::feof:
  case LibFunc::free:
  case LibFunc::fseek:
  case LibFunc::ftell:
  case LibFunc::fgetc:
  case LibFunc::fseeko:
  case LibFunc::ftello:
  case LibFunc::fileno:
  case LibFunc::fflush:
  case LibFunc::fclose:
  case LibFunc::fsetpos:
  case LibFunc::flockfile:
  case LibFunc::funlockfile:
  case LibFunc::ftrylockfile:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() == 0 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::ferror:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fputc:
  case LibFunc::fstat:
  case LibFunc::frexp:
  case LibFunc::frexpf:
  case LibFunc::frexpl:
  case LibFunc::fstatvfs:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fgets:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(2)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 3);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fread:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 4 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(3)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 4);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fwrite:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 4 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(3)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 4);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fputs:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fscanf:
  case LibFunc::fprintf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fgetpos:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::getc:
  case LibFunc::getlogin_r:
  case LibFunc::getc_unlocked:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() == 0 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::getenv:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::gets:
  case LibFunc::getchar:
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    break;
  case LibFunc::getitimer:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::getpwnam:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::ungetc:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::uname:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::unlink:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::unsetenv:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::utime:
  case LibFunc::utimes:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::putc:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::puts:
  case LibFunc::printf:
  case LibFunc::perror:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::pread:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 4 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    // May throw; "pread" is a valid pthread cancellation point.
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::pwrite:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 4 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    // May throw; "pwrite" is a valid pthread cancellation point.
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::putchar:
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    break;
  case LibFunc::popen:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::pclose:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::vscanf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::vsscanf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(2)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::vfscanf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(2)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::valloc:
    if (!FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    break;
  case LibFunc::vprintf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::vfprintf:
  case LibFunc::vsprintf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::vsnprintf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 4 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(2)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 3);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 3);
    break;
  case LibFunc::open:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    // May throw; "open" is a valid pthread cancellation point.
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::opendir:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::tmpfile:
    if (!FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    break;
  case LibFunc::times:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::htonl:
  case LibFunc::htons:
  case LibFunc::ntohl:
  case LibFunc::ntohs:
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAccessMemory(F);
    break;
  case LibFunc::lstat:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::lchown:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::qsort:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 4 || !FTy->getParamType(3)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    // May throw; places call through function pointer.
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 4);
    break;
  case LibFunc::dunder_strdup:
  case LibFunc::dunder_strndup:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 1 || !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::dunder_strtok_r:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 3 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::under_IO_getc:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::under_IO_putc:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::dunder_isoc99_scanf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::stat64:
  case LibFunc::lstat64:
  case LibFunc::statvfs64:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::dunder_isoc99_sscanf:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 1 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fopen64:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fseeko64:
  case LibFunc::ftello64:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() == 0 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::tmpfile64:
    if (!FTy->getReturnType()->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotAlias(F, 0);
    break;
  case LibFunc::fstat64:
  case LibFunc::fstatvfs64:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  case LibFunc::open64:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() < 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    // May throw; "open" is a valid pthread cancellation point.
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setOnlyReadsMemory(F, 1);
    break;
  case LibFunc::gettimeofday:
    if (FTy->getNumParams() != 2 || !FTy->getParamType(0)->isPointerTy() ||
        !FTy->getParamType(1)->isPointerTy())
      return false;
    // Currently some platforms have the restrict keyword on the arguments to
    // gettimeofday. To be conservative, do not add noalias to gettimeofday's
    // arguments.
    setDoesNotThrow(F);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 1);
    setDoesNotCapture(F, 2);
    break;
  default:
    // Didn't mark any attributes.
    return false;
  }

  return true;
}

static bool addNoRecurseAttrs(const CallGraphSCC &SCC,
                              SmallVectorImpl<WeakVH> &Revisit) {
  // Try and identify functions that do not recurse.

  // If the SCC contains multiple nodes we know for sure there is recursion.
  if (!SCC.isSingular())
    return false;

  const CallGraphNode *CGN = *SCC.begin();
  Function *F = CGN->getFunction();
  if (!F || F->isDeclaration() || F->doesNotRecurse())
    return false;

  // If all of the calls in F are identifiable and are to norecurse functions, F
  // is norecurse. This check also detects self-recursion as F is not currently
  // marked norecurse, so any called from F to F will not be marked norecurse.
  if (std::all_of(CGN->begin(), CGN->end(),
                  [](const CallGraphNode::CallRecord &CR) {
                    Function *F = CR.second->getFunction();
                    return F && F->doesNotRecurse();
                  }))
    // Function calls a potentially recursive function.
    return setDoesNotRecurse(*F);

  // We know that F is not obviously recursive, but we haven't been able to
  // prove that it doesn't actually recurse. Add it to the Revisit list to try
  // again top-down later.
  Revisit.push_back(F);
  return false;
}

static bool addNoRecurseAttrsTopDownOnly(Function *F) {
  // If F is internal and all uses are in norecurse functions, then F is also
  // norecurse.
  if (F->doesNotRecurse())
    return false;
  if (F->hasInternalLinkage()) {
    for (auto *U : F->users())
      if (auto *I = dyn_cast<Instruction>(U)) {
        if (!I->getParent()->getParent()->doesNotRecurse())
          return false;
      } else {
        return false;
      }
    return setDoesNotRecurse(*F);
  }
  return false;
}

static Attribute::AttrKind parseAttrKind(StringRef Kind) {
  return StringSwitch<Attribute::AttrKind>(Kind)
    .Case("alwaysinline", Attribute::AlwaysInline)
    .Case("builtin", Attribute::Builtin)
    .Case("cold", Attribute::Cold)
    .Case("convergent", Attribute::Convergent)
    .Case("inlinehint", Attribute::InlineHint)
    .Case("jumptable", Attribute::JumpTable)
    .Case("minsize", Attribute::MinSize)
    .Case("naked", Attribute::Naked)
    .Case("nobuiltin", Attribute::NoBuiltin)
    .Case("noduplicate", Attribute::NoDuplicate)
    .Case("noimplicitfloat", Attribute::NoImplicitFloat)
    .Case("noinline", Attribute::NoInline)
    .Case("nonlazybind", Attribute::NonLazyBind)
    .Case("noredzone", Attribute::NoRedZone)
    .Case("noreturn", Attribute::NoReturn)
    .Case("norecurse", Attribute::NoRecurse)
    .Case("nounwind", Attribute::NoUnwind)
    .Case("optnone", Attribute::OptimizeNone)
    .Case("optsize", Attribute::OptimizeForSize)
    .Case("readnone", Attribute::ReadNone)
    .Case("readonly", Attribute::ReadOnly)
    .Case("argmemonly", Attribute::ArgMemOnly)
    .Case("returns_twice", Attribute::ReturnsTwice)
    .Case("safestack", Attribute::SafeStack)
    .Case("sanitize_address", Attribute::SanitizeAddress)
    .Case("sanitize_memory", Attribute::SanitizeMemory)
    .Case("sanitize_thread", Attribute::SanitizeThread)
    .Case("ssp", Attribute::StackProtect)
    .Case("sspreq", Attribute::StackProtectReq)
    .Case("sspstrong", Attribute::StackProtectStrong)
    .Case("uwtable", Attribute::UWTable)
    .Default(Attribute::None);
}

/// If F has any forced attributes given on the command line, add them.
static bool addForcedAttributes(Function *F) {
  bool Changed = false;
  for (auto &S : ForceAttributes) {
    auto KV = StringRef(S).split(':');
    if (KV.first != F->getName())
      continue;

    auto Kind = parseAttrKind(KV.second);
    if (Kind == Attribute::None) {
      DEBUG(dbgs() << "ForcedAttribute: " << KV.second
                   << " unknown or not handled!\n");
      continue;
    }
    if (F->hasFnAttribute(Kind))
      continue;
    Changed = true;
    F->addFnAttr(Kind);
  }
  return Changed;
}

bool FunctionAttrs::runOnSCC(CallGraphSCC &SCC) {
  TLI = &getAnalysis<TargetLibraryInfoWrapperPass>().getTLI();
  bool Changed = false;

  // We compute dedicated AA results for each function in the SCC as needed. We
  // use a lambda referencing external objects so that they live long enough to
  // be queried, but we re-use them each time.
  Optional<BasicAAResult> BAR;
  Optional<AAResults> AAR;
  auto AARGetter = [&](Function &F) -> AAResults & {
    BAR.emplace(createLegacyPMBasicAAResult(*this, F));
    AAR.emplace(createLegacyPMAAResults(*this, F, *BAR));
    return *AAR;
  };

  // Fill SCCNodes with the elements of the SCC. Used for quickly looking up
  // whether a given CallGraphNode is in this SCC. Also track whether there are
  // any external or opt-none nodes that will prevent us from optimizing any
  // part of the SCC.
  SCCNodeSet SCCNodes;
  bool ExternalNode = false;
  for (CallGraphSCC::iterator I = SCC.begin(), E = SCC.end(); I != E; ++I) {
    Function *F = (*I)->getFunction();
    if (!F || F->hasFnAttribute(Attribute::OptimizeNone)) {
      // External node or function we're trying not to optimize - we both avoid
      // transform them and avoid leveraging information they provide.
      ExternalNode = true;
      continue;
    }

    // When initially processing functions, also infer their prototype
    // attributes if they are declarations.
    if (F->isDeclaration())
      Changed |= inferPrototypeAttributes(*F, *TLI);

    Changed |= addForcedAttributes(F);
    SCCNodes.insert(F);
  }

  Changed |= addReadAttrs(SCCNodes, AARGetter);
  Changed |= addArgumentAttrs(SCCNodes);

  // If we have no external nodes participating in the SCC, we can infer some
  // more precise attributes as well.
  if (!ExternalNode) {
    Changed |= addNoAliasAttrs(SCCNodes);
    Changed |= addNonNullAttrs(SCCNodes, *TLI);
  }
  
  Changed |= addNoRecurseAttrs(SCC, Revisit);
  return Changed;
}

bool FunctionAttrs::doFinalization(CallGraph &CG) {
  bool Changed = false;
  // When iterating over SCCs we visit functions in a bottom-up fashion. Some of
  // the rules we have for identifying norecurse functions work best with a
  // top-down walk, so look again at all the functions we previously marked as
  // worth revisiting, in top-down order.
  for (auto &F : reverse(Revisit))
    if (F)
      Changed |= addNoRecurseAttrsTopDownOnly(cast<Function>((Value*)F));
  return Changed;
}