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5 <title>How to submit an LLVM bug report</title>
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Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +00009
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000010<div class="doc_title">
11 How to submit an LLVM bug report
12</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000013
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +000014<table class="layout" style="width: 90%" >
15<tr class="layout">
16 <td class="left">
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000017<ol>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000018 <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction - Got bugs?</a></li>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000019 <li><a href="#crashers">Crashing Bugs</a>
20 <ul>
21 <li><a href="#front-end">Front-end bugs</a>
22 <li><a href="#gccas">GCCAS bugs</a>
23 <li><a href="#gccld">GCCLD bugs</a>
24 <li><a href="#passes">Bugs in LLVM passes</a>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000025 </ul></li>
26 <li><a href="#miscompilations">Miscompilations</a></li>
27 <li><a href="#codegen">Incorrect code generation (JIT and LLC)</a></li>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000028</ol>
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +000029<div class="doc_author">
30 <p>Written by <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a> and
31 <a href="http://misha.brukman.net">Misha Brukman</a></p>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000032</td>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +000033<td class="right">
Misha Brukman3c1f8e72004-05-12 21:26:16 +000034 <img src="img/Debugging.gif" alt="Debugging" width="444" height="314">
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000035</td>
36</tr>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000037</table>
Reid Spencerc3c4c4f2004-11-01 08:19:36 +000038</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000039
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000040<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000041<div class="doc_section">
42 <a name="introduction">Introduction - Got bugs?</a>
43</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000044<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
45
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000046<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000047
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000048<p>If you're working with LLVM and run into a bug, we definitely want to know
49about it. This document describes what you can do to increase the odds of
50getting it fixed quickly.</p>
51
52<p>Basically you have to do two things at a minimum. First, decide whether the
53bug <a href="#crashers">crashes the compiler</a> (or an LLVM pass), or if the
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000054compiler is <a href="#miscompilations">miscompiling</a> the program. Based on
55what type of bug it is, follow the instructions in the linked section to narrow
56down the bug so that the person who fixes it will be able to find the problem
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000057more easily.</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000058
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000059<p>Once you have a reduced test-case, go to <a
60href="http://llvm.cs.uiuc.edu/bugs/enter_bug.cgi">the LLVM Bug Tracking
61System</a>, select the category in which the bug falls, and fill out the form
62with the necessary details. The bug description should contain the following
63information:</p>
64
John Criswell56a850a2003-10-22 15:06:11 +000065<ul>
Misha Brukmanb00e1062003-10-22 17:01:44 +000066 <li>All information necessary to reproduce the problem.</li>
67 <li>The reduced test-case that triggers the bug.</li>
68 <li>The location where you obtained LLVM (if not from our CVS
69 repository).</li>
John Criswell56a850a2003-10-22 15:06:11 +000070</ul>
71
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000072<p>Thanks for helping us make LLVM better!</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000073
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000074</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000075
76<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000077<div class="doc_section">
78 <a name="crashers">Crashing Bugs</a>
79</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000080<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
81
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000082<div class="doc_text">
83
84<p>More often than not, bugs in the compiler cause it to crash - often due to an
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000085assertion failure of some sort. If you are running <tt><b>opt</b></tt> or
86<tt><b>analyze</b></tt> directly, and something crashes, jump to the section on
87<a href="#passes">bugs in LLVM passes</a>. Otherwise, the most important
88piece of the puzzle is to figure out if it is the GCC-based front-end that is
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000089buggy or if it's one of the LLVM tools that has problems.</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000090
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +000091<p>To figure out which program is crashing (the front-end,
92<tt><b>gccas</b></tt>, or <tt><b>gccld</b></tt>), run the
93<tt><b>llvm-gcc</b></tt> command line as you were when the crash occurred, but
94add a <tt>-v</tt> option to the command line. The compiler will print out a
John Criswellfaba4622004-03-12 20:42:16 +000095bunch of stuff, and should end with telling you that one of
96<tt><b>cc1</b>/<b>cc1plus</b></tt>, <tt><b>gccas</b></tt>, or
97<tt><b>gccld</b></tt> crashed.</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +000098
99<ul>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000100
John Criswellfaba4622004-03-12 20:42:16 +0000101 <li>If <tt><b>cc1</b></tt> or <tt><b>cc1plus</b></tt> crashed, you found a
102 problem with the front-end.
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000103 Jump ahead to the section on <a href="#front-end">front-end bugs</a>.</li>
104
105 <li>If <tt><b>gccas</b></tt> crashed, you found a bug in <a href="#gccas">one
106 of the passes in <tt><b>gccas</b></tt></a>.</li>
107
108 <li>If <tt><b>gccld</b></tt> crashed, you found a bug in <a href="#gccld">one
109 of the passes in <tt><b>gccld</b></tt></a>.</li>
110
111 <li>Otherwise, something really weird happened. Email the list with what you
112 have at this point.</li>
113
114</ul>
115
116</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000117
118<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000119<div class="doc_subsection">
120 <a name="front-end">Front-end bugs</a>
121</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000122
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000123<div class="doc_text">
124
125<p>If the problem is in the front-end, you should re-run the same
Brian Gaeke627b9f42003-05-23 21:03:50 +0000126<tt>llvm-gcc</tt> command that resulted in the crash, but add the
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000127<tt>-save-temps</tt> option. The compiler will crash again, but it will leave
128behind a <tt><i>foo</i>.i</tt> file (containing preprocessed C source code) and
129possibly <tt><i>foo</i>.s</tt> (containing LLVM assembly code), for each
130compiled <tt><i>foo</i>.c</tt> file. Send us the <tt><i>foo</i>.i</tt> file,
131along with a brief description of the error it caused.</p>
132
133</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000134
135<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000136<div class="doc_subsection">
137 <a name="gccas">GCCAS bugs</a>
138</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000139
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000140<div class="doc_text">
141
142<p>If you find that a bug crashes in the <tt><b>gccas</b></tt> stage of
Brian Gaeke627b9f42003-05-23 21:03:50 +0000143compilation, compile your test-case to a <tt>.s</tt> file with the
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000144<tt>-save-temps</tt> option to <tt><b>llvm-gcc</b></tt>. Then run:</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000145
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000146<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000147<p><tt><b>gccas</b> -debug-pass=Arguments &lt; /dev/null -o - &gt; /dev/null</tt></p>
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000148</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000149
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000150<p>... which will print a list of arguments, indicating the list of passes that
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000151<tt><b>gccas</b></tt> runs. Once you have the input file and the list of
152passes, go to the section on <a href="#passes">debugging bugs in LLVM
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000153passes</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000154
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000155</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000156
157<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000158<div class="doc_subsection">
159 <a name="gccld">GCCLD bugs</a>
160</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000161
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000162<div class="doc_text">
163
164<p>If you find that a bug crashes in the <tt><b>gccld</b></tt> stage of
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000165compilation, gather all of the <tt>.o</tt> bytecode files and libraries that are
166being linked together (the "<tt><b>llvm-gcc</b> -v</tt>" output should include
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000167the full list of objects linked). Then run:</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000168
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000169<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000170<p><tt><b>llvm-as</b> &lt; /dev/null &gt; null.bc<br>
171<b>gccld</b> -debug-pass=Arguments null.bc</tt>
172</p>
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000173</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000174
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000175<p>... which will print a list of arguments, indicating the list of passes that
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000176<tt><b>gccld</b></tt> runs. Once you have the input files and the list of
177passes, go to the section on <a href="#passes">debugging bugs in LLVM
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000178passes</a>.</p>
179
180</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000181
182<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000183<div class="doc_subsection">
184 <a name="passes">Bugs in LLVM passes</a>
185</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000186
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000187<div class="doc_text">
188
189<p>At this point, you should have some number of LLVM assembly files or bytecode
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000190files and a list of passes which crash when run on the specified input. In
191order to reduce the list of passes (which is probably large) and the input to
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000192something tractable, use the <tt><b>bugpoint</b></tt> tool as follows:</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000193
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000194<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000195<p><tt><b>bugpoint</b> &lt;input files&gt; &lt;list of passes&gt;</tt></p>
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000196</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000197
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000198<p><tt><b>bugpoint</b></tt> will print a bunch of output as it reduces the
199test-case, but it should eventually print something like this:</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000200
Misha Brukman4825e212004-04-19 03:07:29 +0000201<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000202<p><tt>
203...<br>
204Emitted bytecode to 'bugpoint-reduced-simplified.bc'<br>
205<br>
206*** You can reproduce the problem with: opt bugpoint-reduced-simplified.bc -licm<br>
207</tt></p>
Misha Brukman4825e212004-04-19 03:07:29 +0000208</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000209
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000210<p>Once you complete this, please send the LLVM bytecode file and the command
211line to reproduce the problem to the llvmbugs mailing list.</p>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000212
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000213</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000214
215<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000216<div class="doc_section">
217 <a name="miscompilations">Miscompilations</a>
218</div>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000219<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
220
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000221<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000222
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000223<p>A miscompilation occurs when a pass does not correctly transform a program,
224thus producing errors that are only noticed during execution. This is different
225from producing invalid LLVM code (i.e., code not in SSA form, using values
226before defining them, etc.) which the verifier will check for after a pass
227finishes its run.</p>
228
Chris Lattner41553242004-05-11 19:34:27 +0000229<p>If it looks like the LLVM compiler is miscompiling a program, the very first
Misha Brukmanb797a4f2004-05-12 00:57:24 +0000230thing to check is to make sure it is not using undefined behavior. In
231particular, check to see if the program <a
232href="http://valgrind.kde.org/">valgrind</a>s clean, passes purify, or some
Chris Lattner41553242004-05-11 19:34:27 +0000233other memory checker tool. Many of the "LLVM bugs" that we have chased down
234ended up being bugs in the program being compiled, not LLVM.</p>
235
236<p>Once you determine that the program itself is not buggy, you should choose
237which code generator you wish to compile the program with (e.g. C backend, the
238JIT, or LLC) and optionally a series of LLVM passes to run. For example:</p>
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000239
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000240<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000241<p><tt>
242<b>bugpoint</b> -run-cbe [... optzn passes ...] file-to-test.bc --args -- [program arguments]</tt></p>
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000243</div>
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000244
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000245<p><tt>bugpoint</tt> will try to narrow down your list of passes to the one pass
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000246that causes an error, and simplify the bytecode file as much as it can to assist
247you. It will print a message letting you know how to reproduce the resulting
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000248error.</p>
249
250</div>
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000251
252<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000253<div class="doc_section">
254 <a name="codegen">Incorrect code generation</a>
255</div>
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000256<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
257
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000258<div class="doc_text">
259
260<p>Similarly to debugging incorrect compilation by mis-behaving passes, you can
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000261debug incorrect code generation by either LLC or the JIT, using
262<tt>bugpoint</tt>. The process <tt>bugpoint</tt> follows in this case is to try
263to narrow the code down to a function that is miscompiled by one or the other
264method, but since for correctness, the entire program must be run,
265<tt>bugpoint</tt> will compile the code it deems to not be affected with the C
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000266Backend, and then link in the shared object it generates.</p>
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000267
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000268<p>To debug the JIT:</p>
269
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000270<div class="doc_code">
Misha Brukmanc050f9f2004-05-14 18:57:24 +0000271<pre>
272bugpoint -run-jit -output=[correct output file] [bytecode file] \
273 --tool-args -- [arguments to pass to lli] \
274 --args -- [program arguments]
275</pre>
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000276</div>
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000277
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000278<p>Similarly, to debug the LLC, one would run:</p>
279
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000280<div class="doc_code">
Misha Brukmanc050f9f2004-05-14 18:57:24 +0000281<pre>
282bugpoint -run-llc -output=[correct output file] [bytecode file] \
283 --tool-args -- [arguments to pass to llc] \
284 --args -- [program arguments]
285</pre>
Misha Brukmanc21921c2004-04-15 20:49:32 +0000286</div>
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000287
Misha Brukman272322e2004-04-15 21:01:21 +0000288<p><b>Special note:</b> if you are debugging MultiSource or SPEC tests that
289already exist in the <tt>llvm/test</tt> hierarchy, there is an easier way to
290debug the JIT, LLC, and CBE, using the pre-written Makefile targets, which
291will pass the program options specified in the Makefiles:</p>
292
293<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000294<p><tt>
295cd llvm/test/../../program<br>
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000296make bugpoint-jit
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000297</tt></p>
Misha Brukman272322e2004-04-15 21:01:21 +0000298</div>
299
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000300<p>At the end of a successful <tt>bugpoint</tt> run, you will be presented
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000301with two bytecode files: a <em>safe</em> file which can be compiled with the C
302backend and the <em>test</em> file which either LLC or the JIT
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000303mis-codegenerates, and thus causes the error.</p>
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000304
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000305<p>To reproduce the error that <tt>bugpoint</tt> found, it is sufficient to do
306the following:</p>
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000307
308<ol>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000309
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000310<li><p>Regenerate the shared object from the safe bytecode file:</p>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000311
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000312<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000313<p><tt>
314<b>llc</b> -march=c safe.bc -o safe.c<br>
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000315<b>gcc</b> -shared safe.c -o safe.so
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000316</tt></p>
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000317</div></li>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000318
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000319<li><p>If debugging LLC, compile test bytecode native and link with the shared
320 object:</p>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000321
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000322<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000323<p><tt>
324<b>llc</b> test.bc -o test.s -f<br>
325<b>gcc</b> test.s safe.so -o test.llc<br>
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000326./test.llc [program options]
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000327</tt></p>
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000328</div></li>
329
330<li><p>If debugging the JIT, load the shared object and supply the test
331 bytecode:</p>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000332
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000333<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner411eba12004-05-23 21:05:39 +0000334<p><tt><b>lli</b> -load=safe.so test.bc [program options]</tt></p>
Misha Brukman67abadb2004-05-14 19:04:07 +0000335</div></li>
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000336
Misha Brukmana3fc5d92003-09-17 18:51:47 +0000337</ol>
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000338
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000339</div>
340
Chris Lattner9525a332003-05-21 22:21:07 +0000341<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Misha Brukmanff919402003-10-31 18:37:20 +0000342<hr>
Misha Brukman67db86a2004-01-15 19:03:47 +0000343<address>
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349 <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a><br>
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