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163
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165
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000166<p class="navigation-index">[<a href="#intro">Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</a> &bull; <a href="#log">Log Format</a> &bull; <a href="#properties">DPX properties</a> &bull; <a href="#settings">DPX Settings</a>]</p>
167
168<h2><a name="intro"></a>Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</h2>
169<div class="doc-section">
170
171<p>DPX (SMPTE 268M-2003) - This format is used in Motion Picture and Effects industry that makes particular use of the extensive header information and the format's flexibility in being able to handle high dynamic range and logarithmic color values at a variety of bit depths using RGB or YCbCr pixel descriptions. It is based on, but largely supercedes, Kodak's Cineon format that has more a more film specific header.</p>
172
173<p>One example of it's use includes scanning film for use in post production. Each frame is stored as an individual DPX file ranging from 2k (2048 pixels wide) to 8k (8192 pixels wide - for IMAX frames) at anything between 8 to 64 bits per color component. A sequence of these might then be processed using compositing software, altering the color or adding visual effects. Once complete they might then be recorded digitally to tape or projected back on to film.</p>
174
175<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration, logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast and requires a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema. Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
176
177<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
178
179<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of an image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker, whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen. The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
180
181<p>The header can contain Film and/or Television specific data related to a production. For example the television header can contain a SMPTE time code so that shots exported as a DPX sequence from a production's edit can be easily replaced once any effects have been added. The film header holds information about the reel of film the frames originated from and various camera settings that were used while filming. All these details usually stay with the images as they are passed between post-production companies.</p>
182
183</div>
184
185<h2><a name="log"></a>Log Format</h2>
186<div class="doc-section">
187
188<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast (leftmost image), and so require a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema (rightmost image). Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
189
190<p class="image">
191 <a href="../images/bluebells_log.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_log.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-log" /></a>
192 <a href="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-linear" /></a>
193</p>
194
195<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
196
197<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of a linear image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker (leftmost image), whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen (rightmost image). The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
198
199<p class="image">
200 <a href="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-clipped" /></a>
201 <a href="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-darker" /></a>
202</p>
203
204</div>
205
206<h2><a name="properties"></a>DPX Properties</h2>
207<div class="doc-section">
208
209<p>ImageMagick supports these DPX properties:</p>
210
211<pre class="text">
212 dpx:file.copyright
213 dpx:file.creator
214 dpx:file.filename
215 dpx:file.project
216 dpx:file.version
217 dpx:film.count
218 dpx:film.format
219 dpx:film.frame_id
220 dpx:film.frame_position
221 dpx:film.frame_rate
222 dpx:film.held_count
223 dpx:film.id
224 dpx:film.offset
225 dpx:film.prefix
226 dpx:film.sequence_length
227 dpx:film.shutter_angle
228 dpx:film.slate
229 dpx:film.type
230 dpx:orientation.aspect_ratio
231 dpx:orientation.border
232 dpx:orientation.device
233 dpx:orientation.filename
cristyc02484c2010-03-08 00:14:58 +0000234 dpx:orientation.serial
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000235 dpx:orientation.x_center
236 dpx:orientation.x_offset
237 dpx:orientation.x_size
238 dpx:orientation.y_center
239 dpx:orientation.y_offset
240 dpx:orientation.y_size
241 dpx:television.black_gain
242 dpx:television.black_level
243 dpx:television.break_point
244 dpx:television.field_number
245 dpx:television.frame_rate
246 dpx:television.gamma
247 dpx:television.integration_times
248 dpx:television.interlace
249 dpx:television.padding
250 dpx:television.time.code
251 dpx:television.time_offset
252 dpx:television.user.bits
253 dpx:television.vertical_sample_rate
254 dpx:television.video_signal
255 dpx:television.white_level
256 dpx:user.id
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000257 dpx:user.data
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000258</pre>
259
260<p> To determine which properties are associated with your DPX image, use this command for example:</p>
261
262<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -verbose bluebells.dpx</span></p>
263<p>To identify a particular property, try this:</p>
264
265<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format "%[dpx:television.time.code]" bluebells.dpx</span></p>
266<p>Finally, to set a property:</p>
267
268<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>convert bluebells.dpx -define dpx:television.time.code=10:00:02:15 bluebells-001.dpx</span></p>
269</div>
270
271<h2><a name="settings"></a>DPX Settings</h2>
272<div class="doc-section">
273
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000274<p>Use <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> to specify the image or film gamma or black and white points. For example use:
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000275</p>
276
277 <div>
278 <p class="crtsnip">-set gamma 1.7</p>
279
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000280 <p class="crtsnip">-set film-gamma 0.6</p>
281
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000282 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-black 95</p>
283
284 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-white 685</p>
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000285
286 <p class="crtsnip">-set profile dpx:user.data</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000287 </div>
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