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cristy	29dc865	2015-05-12 16:26:21 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5	<!DOCTYPE html>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	6	<html lang="en">
cristy	ad41c0c	2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7	<head>
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cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	9	<title>ImageMagick: Command-line Options</title>
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				12	<meta name="description" content="ImageMagick® is a software suite to create, edit, compose, or convert bitmap images. It can read and write images in a variety of formats (over 200) including PNG, JPEG, JPEG-2000, GIF, WebP, Postscript, PDF, and SVG. Use ImageMagick to resize, flip, mirror, rotate, distort, shear and transform images, adjust image colors, apply various special effects, or draw text, lines, polygons, ellipses and Bézier curves."/>
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href="command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#storage-type">‑storage‑type</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#wavelet-denoise">‑wavelet‑denoise</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	56
				57	<p class="lead magick-description">Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a href="command-line-tools.html">command-line tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands: <a href="convert.html">convert</a> and <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
				58
				59	<div style="margin: auto;">
				60	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <var>radius</var>[x<var>sigma</var>]</h3>
				61	</div>
				62
				63	<p class="magick-description">Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</p>
				64
				65	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<var>sigma</var>) is used. If <var>sigma</var> is not given it
				66	defaults to 1.</p>
				67
				68	<div style="margin: auto;">
				69	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <var>geometry</var></h3>
				70	</div>
				71
				72	<p class="magick-description">Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</p>
				73
				74	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	75	option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a
				76	href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm.
				77	Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a
				78	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	79
				80	<div style="margin: auto;">
				81	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <var>radius</var>[x<var>sigma</var>]</h3>
				82	</div>
				83
				84	<p class="magick-description">Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</p>
				85
				86	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation
				87	(<var>sigma</var>) is used. If <var>sigma</var> is not given it
				88	defaults to 1.</p>
				89
				90	<div style="margin: auto;">
				91	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h3>
				92	</div>
				93
				94	<p class="magick-description">Join images into a single multi-image file.</p>
				95
				96	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all images of
				97	an image sequence into the given output file. However, some formats, such as
				98	JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one image per file, and in that case
				99	ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As such, if
				100	more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is modified by
				101	adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number before the suffix, in order to
				102	make distinct names for each image. </p>
				103
				104	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written to
				105	separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images per file
				106	(for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
				107
				108	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will
				109	automagically enable <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify
				110	where the <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These
				111	strings, such as '<code>%d</code>' or '<code>%03d</code>', are familiar to those
				112	who have used the standard <code>printf()</code>' C-library function. As an
				113	example, the command</p>
				114
				115	<pre>
				116	convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg
				117	</pre>
				118
				119	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images (the two given plus 15 more created by
				120	<a href="command-line-options.html#morph">-morph</a>), named: my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg,
				121	my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg. </p>
				122
				123	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will
				124	save to multiple files, if any of the following conditions exist...</p>
				125	<ol>
				126	<li>the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,</li>
				127	<li>the <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or</li>
				128	<li>a printf() integer format string (eg: "%d") is present in the output
				129	filename.</li>
				130	</ol>
				131
				132
				133	<div style="margin: auto;">
				134	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="affine"></a>-affine
				135	<var>s<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>r<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>r<sub>y</sub></var>,<var>s<sub>y</sub></var>[,<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>t<sub>y</sub></var>]</h3>
				136	</div>
				137
				138	<p class="magick-description">Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</p>
				139
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	140	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, for use by subsequent <a
				141	href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a> options. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	142
				143	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values either in
				144	quotes or without spaces. </p>
				145
				146	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them
				147	are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed)
				148	coordinates (<var>x'</var>, <var>y'</var>) of a pixel at
				149	position (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) in the original
				150	image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				151
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	152	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	153
				154	<p> The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that
				155	contains the transformed source image. The parameters
				156	<var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var>
				157	subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the
				158	image area are cut off.</p>
				159
				160	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate
				161	system: positive <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> directions
				162	are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
				163
				164	<p> If the translation coefficients <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and
				165	<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are omitted they default to 0,0. Therefore,
				166	four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
				167
				168	<p>Scaling by the factors <var>s<sub>x</sub></var> and
				169	<var>s<sub>y</sub></var> in the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> directions,
				170	respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				171
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	172	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a
				173	href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> method '<code>Affineprojection</code> for more
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	174	information </p>
				175
				176
				177	<pre>
				178	-affine <var>s<sub>x</sub></var>,0,0,<var>s<sub>y</sub></var>
				179	</pre>
				180
				181	<p>Translation by a displacement (<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>, <var>t<sub>y</sub></var>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				182
				183	<pre>
				184	-affine 1,0,0,1,<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>t<sub>y</sub></var>
				185	</pre>
				186
				187	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle
				188	<var>a</var> by letting <var>c</var> = cos(<var>a</var>), <var>s</var>
				189	= sin(<var>a</var>), and using the following.</p>
				190
				191	<pre>
				192	-affine <var>c</var>,<var>s</var>,-<var>s</var>,<var>c</var>
				193	</pre>
				194
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	195	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a>
				196	transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="command-line-options.html#affine"
				197	>-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	198	of the individual transformations.</p>
				199
				200	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the
				201	matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				202
				203	<div style="margin: auto;">
				204	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="alpha"></a>-alpha <var>type</var></h3>
				205	</div>
				206
				207	<p class="magick-description">Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</p>
				208
				209	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				210	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <var>type</var> from the list below.</p>
				211
				212	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				213	<dt>Activate</dt>
				214	<dd>
				215	Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally Set
				216	should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
				217	preserve existing (but specifically turned Off) transparency
				218	channel. </dd>
				219
				220	<dt>Associate</dt>
				221	<dd>
				222	associate the alpha channel with the image.</dd>
				223
				224	<dt>Deactivate</dt>
				225	<dd>
				226	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
				227	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</dd>
				228
				229	<dt>Disassociate</dt>
				230	<dd>
				231	disassociate the alpha channel from the image.</dd>
				232
				233	<dt>Set</dt>
				234	<dd>
				235	Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
				236	then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
				237	the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</dd>
				238
				239	<dt>Opaque</dt>
				240	<dd>
				241	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
				242	</dd>
				243
				244	<dt>Transparent</dt>
				245	<dd>
				246	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
				247	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
				248	same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
				249	intact, but fully transparent. </dd>
				250
				251	<dt>Extract</dt>
				252	<dd>
				253	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
				254	'Off' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	255	a grayscale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	256	intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of 'Copy'.
				257	</dd>
				258
				259	<dt>Copy</dt>
				260	<dd>
				261	Turns 'On' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	262	grayscale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
				263	a grayscale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	264	appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </dd>
				265
				266	<dt>Shape</dt>
				267	<dd>
				268	As per 'Copy' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
				269	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				270	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
				271	</dd>
				272
				273	<dt>Remove</dt>
				274	<dd>
				275	Composite the image over the background color.
				276	</dd>
				277
				278	<dt>Background</dt>
				279	<dd>
				280	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				281	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				282	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				283	and thus can compress better.
				284	</dd>
				285	</dl>
				286
				287	<p>Note that while the obsolete <code>+matte</code> operation was the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	288	same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</code>", the <code>
				289	>-matte</code> operation was the same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a>
				290	Set</code>" and not "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</code>". </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	291
				292
				293	<div style="margin: auto;">
				294	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="annotate"></a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	295	-annotate <var>degrees</var> <var>text</var><br />
				296	-annotate <var>Xdegrees</var>x<var>Ydegrees</var> <var>text</var><br /> -annotate <var>Xdegrees</var>x<var>Ydegrees</var> {+-}<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>{+-}<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> <var>text</var><br /> -annotate {+-}<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>{+-}<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> <var>text</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	297	</div>
				298
				299	<p class="magick-description">Annotate an image with text</p>
				300
				301	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise
				302	control over text annotations, use <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				303
				304
				305	<p>The values <var>Xdegrees</var> and <var>Ydegrees</var>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	306	control the shears applied to the text, while <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are offsets that give the location of the text relative any <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> setting and defaults to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	307
				308	<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <var>degrees</var>
				309	or <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <var>degrees</var>x<var>degrees</var> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The
				310	direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <var>degrees</var> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical
				311	convention once it is realized that the positive <var>y</var>–direction is
				312	conventionally considered to be <var>downward</var> for images.)</p>
				313
				314	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<var>x'</var>, <var>y'</var>) of a pixel at position (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix
				315	equation.</p>
				316
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	317	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	318
				319	<p>If <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the
				320	bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	321	probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	322	case leads to nice results.</p>
				323
				324	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <var>text</var>
				325	is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file
				326	<code>mytext.txt</code>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded
				327	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				328
				329	<div style="margin: auto;">
				330	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h3>
				331	</div>
				332
				333	<p class="magick-description">Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when drawing fonts and lines.</p>
				334
				335	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				336	drawn. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				337	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				338	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
				339	are added when drawing such objects. </p>
				340
				341	<div style="margin: auto;">
				342	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="append"></a>-append</h3>
				343	</div>
				344
				345	<p class="magick-description">Join current images vertically or horizontally.</p>
				346
				347	<p>This option creates a single longer image, by joining all the current
				348	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#append">+append</a> to
				349	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				350
				351	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				352	current <a href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	353	position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a
				354	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	355
				356
				357	<div style="margin: auto;">
				358	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <var>value</var></h3>
				359	</div>
				360
				361	<p class="magick-description">Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</p>
				362
				363	<p>If unset the value is equivalent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition</p>
				364
				365	<div style="margin: auto;">
				366	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <var>password</var></h3>
				367	</div>
				368
				369	<p class="magick-description">Decrypt a PDF with a password.</p>
				370
				371	<p>Use this option to supply a <var>password</var> for decrypting
				372	a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The
				373	encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				374
				375	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a>
				376	and <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				377
				378
				379	<div style="margin: auto;">
				380	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h3>
				381	</div>
				382
				383	<p class="magick-description">Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</p>
				384
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	385	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				386	href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	387	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				388
				389	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
				390
				391	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				392	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
				393	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
				394	</p>
				395
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	396	<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	397	'<var>sync</var>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine which color
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	398	values is used and modified. As the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel"
				399	>-channel</a> setting is '<var>RGB,sync</var>', channels are modified
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	400	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				401
				402
				403
				404	<div style="margin: auto;">
				405	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h3>
				406	</div>
				407
				408	<p class="magick-description">Automagically adjust color levels of image.</p>
				409
				410	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	411	minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
				412	href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	413	values. </p>
				414
				415	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
				416	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	417	for the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	418	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				419	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				420	defined images. </p>
				421
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	422	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				423	href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch"
				424	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				425	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level"
				426	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	427
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	428	<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	429	special '<var>sync</var>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	430	which color values are used and modified. As the default <a
				431	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<var>RGB,sync</var>', the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	432	'<var>sync</var>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
				433	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				434	transparency. </p>
				435
				436
				437	<div style="margin: auto;">
				438	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h3>
				439	</div>
				440
				441	<p class="magick-description">adjusts an image so that its orientation is suitable for viewing (i.e. top-left orientation).</p>
				442
				443	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				444	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				445	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				446
				447	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				448	camera, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				449	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				450	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	451	result. If the EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				452	href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	453
				454
				455	<div style="margin: auto;">
				456	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="average"></a>-average</h3>
				457	</div>
				458
				459	<p class="magick-description">Average a set of images.</p>
				460
				461	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				462
				463
				464	<div style="margin: auto;">
				465	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h3>
				466	</div>
				467
				468	<p class="magick-description">Display the image centered on a backdrop.</p>
				469
				470	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding
				471	other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is
				472	specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format
				473	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				474
				475	<div style="margin: auto;">
				476	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="background"></a>-background <var>color</var></h3>
				477	</div>
				478
				479	<p class="magick-description">Set the background color.</p>
				480
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	481	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a
				482	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	483	specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				484
				485	<div style="margin: auto;">
				486	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="bench"></a>-bench <var>iterations</var></h3>
				487	</div>
				488
				489	<p class="magick-description">Measure performance.</p>
				490
				491	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <var>iterations</var> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance,
				492	consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the
				493	-duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent
				494	to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
				495
				496	<pre>
Cristy	e09ed31	2016-03-06 08:07:39 -0500	[diff] [blame]	497	-> convert logo: -resize 200% -bench 5 logo.png
				498	Performance[1]: 5i 1.344ips 1.000e 3.710u 0:03.720
				499	Performance[2]: 5i 1.634ips 0.549e 3.890u 0:03.060
				500	Performance[3]: 5i 2.174ips 0.618e 3.190u 0:02.300
				501	Performance[4]: 5i 1.678ips 0.555e 3.810u 0:02.980
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	502	Performance[4]: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710
				503	</pre>
				504
Cristy	e09ed31	2016-03-06 08:07:39 -0500	[diff] [blame]	505	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 2.174 iterations per
				506	second, using 3 threads and 3.190 seconds of the user allotted time, for
				507	a total elapsed time of 2.300 seconds.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	508
				509	<div style="margin: auto;">
				510	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="bias"></a>-bias <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				511	</div>
				512
				513	<p class="magick-description">Add bias when convolving an image.</p>
				514
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	515	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	516	positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				517
				518	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing
				519	with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				520	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				521	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at
				522	zero.</p>
				523
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	524	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	525	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				526	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				527
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	528	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				529	href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more
				530	about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				531	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages or this
				532	<a
				533	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	534	entry. </p>
				535
				536	<div style="margin: auto;">
				537	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h3>
				538	</div>
				539
				540	<p class="magick-description">Use black point compensation.</p>
				541
				542	<div style="margin: auto;">
				543	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				544	</div>
				545
				546	<p class="magick-description">Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</p>
				547
				548	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
				549	value within [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>] corresponding to the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	550	desired <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a>for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	551
				552
				553	<div style="margin: auto;">
				554	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blend"></a>-blend <var>geometry</var></h3>
				555	</div>
				556
				557	<p class="magick-description">blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</p>
				558
				559	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				560	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				561	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				562	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
				563	<code>-blend 30%</code> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				564	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <code>-blend 30x70%</code>.</p>
				565
				566
				567	<div style="margin: auto;">
				568	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <var>x</var>,<var>y</var></h3>
				569	</div>
				570
				571	<p class="magick-description">Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</p>
				572
				573	<div style="margin: auto;">
				574	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <var>factor</var></h3>
				575	</div>
				576
				577	<p class="magick-description">simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</p>
				578
				579	<div style="margin: auto;">
				580
				581	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	582	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blur"></a>-blur <var>radius</var><br />-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	583	</div>
				584
				585	<p class="magick-description">Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</p>
				586
				587	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	588	<var >Sigma</var> value. The formula is:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	589
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	590	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/></p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	591
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	592	<p>The <var >Sigma</var> value is the important argument, and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	593	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
				594
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	595	<p>The <var >Radius</var> is only used to determine the size of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	596	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
				597	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
				598	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				599	</p>
				600
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	601	<p>The larger the <var >Radius</var> the slower the
				602	operation is. However too small a <var >Radius</var>, and sever
				603	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <var >Radius</var>
				604	should be at least twice the <var >Sigma</var> value, though three
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	605	times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
				606
				607	<p>This option differs from <a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
				608	by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
				609	we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
				610	then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
				611
				612	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				613	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				614	</p>
				615
				616
				617	<div style="margin: auto;">
				618	<h3 class="magick-header">-blur <var>Width</var>[x<var>Height</var>[+<var>Angle</var>]]</h3>
				619	</div>
				620
				621	<p class="magick-description">Variably blur an image according to the overlay mapping.</p>
				622
				623	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				624	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				625	mapping. </p>
				626
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	627	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <var>Width</var> and <var >Height</var>. The <var >Height</var>
				628	defaults to the <var >Width</var> for a normal circular Gaussian
				629	weighting. The <var >Angle</var> will rotate the ellipse from
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	630	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				631
				632	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				633	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				634	</p>
				635
				636
				637	<div style="margin: auto;">
				638	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="border"></a>-border <var>geometry</var></h3>
				639	</div>
				640
				641	<p class="magick-description">Surround the image with a border of color. </p>
				642
				643	<p>Set the width and height using the <var>size</var> portion of the
				644	<var>geometry</var> argument. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
				645	ignored. </p>
				646
				647	<p>As of IM 6.7.8-8, the <var>geometry</var> arguments behave as follows:</p>
				648
				649	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				650	<dt><var>value</var></dt>
				651	<dd>value is added to both left/right and top/bottom</dd>
				652	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd></dt>
				653	<dd>value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd>
				654	<dt><kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var></dt>
				655	<dd>value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd>
				656	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var></dt>
				657	<dd>value-x is added to left/right and value-y added to top/bottom</dd>
				658	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd>0</dt>
				659	<dd>value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd>
				660	<dt>0<kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var></dt>
				661	<dd>value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd>
				662	<dt><var>value</var>%</dt>
				663	<dd>value % of width is added to left/right and value % of height is added to top/bottom</dd>
				664	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd>%</dt>
				665	<dd>value-x % of width is added to left/right and to top/bottom</dd>
				666	<dt>x<var>value-y</var>%</dt>
				667	<dd>value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and to left/right</dd>
				668	<dt><var>value-x</var>%<kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var>%</dt>
				669	<dd>value-x % of width is added to left/right and value-y % of height is added to top/bottom</dd>
				670	<dt><var>value-x</var>%<kbd>x</kbd>0%</dt>
				671	<dd>value-x % of width is added to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd>
				672	<dt>0%<kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var>%</dt>
				673	<dd>value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd>
				674	</dl>
				675
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	676	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
				677	href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	678
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	679	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
				680	href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	681	'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate
				682	size colors by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
				683	overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
				684	with the default compose method of '<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may
				685	be replaced by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				686	<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
				687	functionality.</p>
				688
				689	<div style="margin: auto;">
				690	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <var>color</var></h3>
				691	</div>
				692
				693	<p class="magick-description">Set the border color.</p>
				694
				695	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				696
				697	<p>The default border color is <code>#DFDFDF</code>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				698
				699	<div style="margin: auto;">
				700	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <var>geometry</var> </h3>
				701	</div>
				702
				703	<p class="magick-description">Set the border width.</p>
				704
				705	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	706	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <var>brightness</var><br />-brightness-contrast <var>brightness</var>{x<var>contrast</var>}{<var>%</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	707	</div>
				708
				709	<p class="magick-description">Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</p>
				710
				711	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are
				712	not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change.
				713	The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the
				714	brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast.
				715	To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness,
				716	set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
				717
				718	<p>You may also use <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to
				719	apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same
				720	transformation to all channels.</p>
				721
				722	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a
				723	linear transform and applied
				724	using <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
				725
				726	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at
				727	contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally
				728	midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but
				729	not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation
				730	is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
				731
				732	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this
				733	function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p>
				734
				735	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5
				736	at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is
				737	totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is
				738	totally black.</p>
				739
				740	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%'
				741	symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p>
				742
				743	<div style="margin: auto;">
				744	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="cache"></a>-cache <var>threshold</var></h3>
				745	</div>
				746
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	747	<p class="magick-description">(This option has been replaced by the <a href='command-line-options.html#limit'>-limit</a> option).</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	748
				749	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	750	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="canny"></a>-canny <var>radius</var><br/>-canny <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>{<var>+lower-percent</var>}{<var>+upper-percent</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	751	</div>
				752
				753	<p class="magick-description">Canny edge detector uses a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in the image.</p>
				754
				755	<p>The thresholds range from 0 to 100% (e.g. -canny 0x1+10%+30%) with {<var>+lower-percent</var>} < {<var>+upper-percent</var>}. If {<var>+upper-percent</var>} is increased but {<var>+lower-percent</var>} remains the same, lesser edge components will be detected, but their lengths will be the same. If {<var>+lower-percent</var>} is increased but {<var>+upper-percent</var>} is the same, the same number of edge components will be detected but their lengths will be shorter. The default thresholds are shown. The <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var> controls a gaussian blur applied to the input image to reduce noise and smooth the edges.</p>
				756
				757	<div style="margin: auto;">
				758	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="caption"></a>-caption <var>string</var></h3>
				759	</div>
				760
				761	<p class="magick-description">Assign a caption to an image.</p>
				762
				763	<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
				764	option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
				765	"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> caption</code>". </p>
				766
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	767	<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				768	href="escape.html">Format and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	769	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
				770	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				771
				772	<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the
				773	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				774	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				775
				776	<p>Caption meta-data is not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				777	<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options
				778	instead.</p>
				779
				780	<p>For example,</p>
				781
				782	<pre>
				783	-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				784	</pre>
				785
				786	<p>produces an image caption of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming
				787	that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of
				788	480.</p>
				789
				790
				791	<div style="margin: auto;">
				792	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="cdl"></a>-cdl <var>filename</var></h3>
				793	</div>
				794
				795	<p class="magick-description">color correct with a color decision list.</p>
				796
				797	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				798
				799	<pre>
				800	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				801	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				802	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				803	<SOPNode>
				804	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				805	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				806	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				807	</SOPNode>
				808	<SATNode>
				809	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				810	</SATNode>
				811	</ColorCorrection>
				812	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
				813	</pre>
				814
				815	<div style="margin: auto;">
				816	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="channel"></a>-channel <var>type</var></h3>
				817	</div>
				818
				819	<p class="magick-description">Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</p>
				820
				821	<p>Choose from: <code>Red</code>, <code>Green</code>, <code>Blue</code>,
				822	<code>Alpha</code>, <code>Gray</code>, <code>Cyan</code>, <code>Magenta</code>,
				823	<code>Yellow</code>, <code>Black</code>, <code>Opacity</code>,
				824	<code>Index</code>, <code>RGB</code>, <code>RGBA</code>, <code>CMYK</code>, or
				825	<code>CMYKA</code>.</p>
				826
				827	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
				828	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<code>R</code>', '<code>G</code>',
				829	'<code>B</code>', '<code>A</code>', '<code>O</code>', '<code>C</code>',
				830	'<code>M</code>', '<code>Y</code>', '<code>K</code>'.
				831
				832	For example, to only select the <code>Red</code> and <code>Blue</code> channels
				833	you can either use </p>
				834	<pre>
				835	-channel Red,Blue
				836	</pre>
				837	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				838	<pre>
				839	-channel RB
				840	</pre>
				841
				842	<p>All the channels that are present in an image can be specified using the
				843	special channel type <code>All</code>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
				844	but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
				845	will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
				846
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	847	<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	848
				849	<p>On top of the normal channel selection an extra flag can be specified,
				850	'<code>Sync</code>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
				851	operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
				852	synchronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
				853	operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
				854	channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
				855	setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
				856
				857	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
				858	<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
				859	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
				860	it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
				861	independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
				862
				863	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a> '<code>Convolve</code>' method
				864	and the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
				865	the '<code>Sync</code>' flag to modify the behavior of pixel colors according
				866	to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
				867	processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
				868	contribute to the final result. </p>
				869
				870	<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in synchronous, and
				871	treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
				872	setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<code>Sync</code>' flag.
				873	How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
				874	Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
				875	</p>
				876
				877	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				878	channel</a>.</p>
				879
				880	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to the value
				881	'<code>RGBK,sync</code>', which specifies that operators act on all color
				882	channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
				883	to be modified in exactly the same way, with an understanding of transparency
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	884	(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
				885	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	886
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	887	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	888	include the following.
				889
				890	<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				891	<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
				892	<a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				893	<a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>,
				894	<a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">-clamp</a>,
				895	<a href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a>,
				896	<a href="command-line-options.html#combine">-combine</a>,
				897	<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
				898	<a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>,
				899	<a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				900	<a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				901	<a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a>,
				902	<a href="command-line-options.html#fx">-fx</a>,
				903	<a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
				904	<a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
				905	<a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
				906	<a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a>,
				907	<a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a>,
				908	<a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				909	<a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				910	<a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				911	<a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
				912	<a href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>,
				913	<a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
				914	<a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				915	</p>
				916
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	917	<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel"
				918	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
				919	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	920	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				921	flag. </p>
				922
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	923	<p>For example <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default grayscale
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	924	the image before thresholding, if no <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	925	has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
				926
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	927	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				928	href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				929	color channels if the '<code>alpha</code>' channel is also enabled by <a
				930	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	931	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				932	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
				933	resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a>
				934	convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
				935	and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
				936
				937	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
				938	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	939	alpha channel present, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				940	the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
				941	href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	942
				943
				944
				945	<div style="margin: auto;">
				946	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <var>factor</var></h3>
				947	</div>
				948
				949	<p class="magick-description">Simulate a charcoal drawing.</p>
				950
				951	<div style="margin: auto;">
				952	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="chop"></a>-chop <var>geometry</var></h3>
				953	</div>
				954
				955	<p class="magick-description">Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</p>
				956
				957	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <var>width</var>
				958	and <var>height</var> given in the of the <var>size</var>
				959	portion of the <var>geometry</var> argument give the number of
				960	columns and rows to remove. The <var>offset</var> portion of
				961	the <var>geometry</var> argument is influenced by
				962	a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
				963
				964	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns,
				965	and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
				966
				967	<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more
				968	typically used with as <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and zero
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	969	offsets so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a
				970	href="command-line-options.html#shave" >-shave</a> which removes equal numbers of pixels from opposite
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	971	sides of the image. </p>
				972
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	973	<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> effectively undoes the results of a <a
				974	href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <var>geometry</var> and <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	975
				976	<div style="margin: auto;">
				977	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h3>
				978	</div>
				979
				980	<p class="magick-description">set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</p>
				981
				982	<div style="margin: auto;">
				983	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clip"></a>-clip</h3>
				984	</div>
				985
				986	<p class="magick-description">Apply the clipping path if one is present.</p>
				987
				988	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				989
				990	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				991
				992	<pre>
				993	convert cockatoo.tif -clip -negate negated.tif
				994	</pre>
				995
				996	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				997
				998	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> feature requires SVG support. If the SVG
				999	delegate library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				1000
				1001	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">+clip</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
				1002
				1003	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1004	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h3>
				1005	</div>
				1006
				1007	<p class="magick-description">Clip the image as defined by this mask.</p>
				1008
				1009	<p>Use the alpha channel of the current image as a mask. Any areas that is
				1010	white is not modified by any of the 'image processing operators' that follow,
				1011	until the mask is removed. Pixels in the black areas of the clip mask are
				1012	modified per the requirements of the operator. </p>
				1013
				1014	<p>In some ways this is similar to (though not the same) as defining
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1015	a rectangular <a href="command-line-options.html#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the
				1016	mask (third) image in a three image <a href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1017	operation. </p>
				1018
				1019	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">+clip-mask</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
				1020
				1021	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1022	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <var>id</var></h3>
				1023	</div>
				1024
				1025	<p class="magick-description">Clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</p>
				1026
				1027	<p>This is identical to <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> except choose a specific clip path in the event the image has more than one path available. </p>
				1028
				1029	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">+clip-path</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
				1030
				1031	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1032	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clone"></a>-clone <var>index(s)</var></h3>
				1033	</div>
				1034
				1035	<p class="magick-description">make a clone of an image (or images).</p>
				1036
				1037	<p>Inside parenthesis (where the operator is normally used) it will make a
				1038	clone of the images from the last 'pushed' image sequence, and adds them to
				1039	the end of the current image sequence. Outside parenthesis
				1040	(not recommended) it clones the images from the current image sequence. </p>
				1041
				1042	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				1043	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for
				1044	example, <code>−1</code>
				1045	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
				1046	dash (e.g. <code>0−4</code>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
				1047	spaces (e.g. <code>0,2,5</code>). A value of '<code>0−−1</code> will
				1048	effectively clone all the images. </p>
				1049
				1050	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
				1051	in the image sequence, and is thus equivalent to using a argument of
				1052	'<code>−1</code>'. </p>
				1053
				1054	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1055	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clut"></a>-clut</h3>
				1056	</div>
				1057
				1058	<p class="magick-description">Replace the channel values in the first image using each corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor <b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</p>
				1059
				1060	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				1061	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				1062	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				1063	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				1064	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				1065
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1066	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				1067	href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1068	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				1069	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<code>bilinear</code>' and
				1070	'<code>bicubic</code>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				1071	gradients, and the '<code>integer</code>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				1072	lookup of color values. </p>
				1073
				1074	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				1075	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				1076
				1077	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1078	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				1079	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is <code>RGB</code>, this means that
				1080	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				1081	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				1082	set, it is treated by the <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1083	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				1084	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				1085
				1086	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1087	transparency (i.e. <a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				1088	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1089	assumed that image represents a grayscale gradient which is used for the
				1090	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a grayscale CLUT image to
				1091	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a grayscale image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1092	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				1093	</p>
				1094
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1095	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1096	according to the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation
				1097	of a 3D color cube. </p>
				1098
				1099
				1100	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1101	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h3>
				1102	</div>
				1103
				1104	<p class="magick-description">Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</p>
				1105
				1106	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to
				1107	its <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of
				1108	an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be
				1109	the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the
				1110	animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames
				1111	are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay
				1112	images. </p>
				1113
				1114	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using
				1115	the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> method '<code>optimize</code>', although
				1116	there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is
				1117	better than the original. </p>
				1118
				1119
				1120	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1121	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colorize"></a>-colorize <var>value</var></h3>
				1122	</div>
				1123
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1124	<p class="magick-description">Colorize the image by an amount specified by <var>value</var> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1125
				1126	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization
				1127	values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with
				1128	a comma-delimited list of colorization
				1129	values (e.g., <code>-colorize 0,0,50</code>).</p>
				1130
				1131	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1132	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colormap"></a>-colormap <var>type</var></h3>
				1133	</div>
				1134
				1135	<p class="magick-description">Define the colormap type.</p>
				1136
				1137	<p>The <var>type</var> can be <code>shared</code> or <code>private</code>.</p>
				1138
				1139	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual
				1140	is <code>PseudoColor</code> or <code>GrayScale</code>. Refer
				1141	to <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
				1142	a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with
				1143	other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
				1144	therefore your image may look very different than intended.
				1145	If <code>private</code> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly
				1146	as they are defined. However, other clients may go <var>technicolor</var>
				1147	when the image colormap is installed.</p>
				1148
				1149	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1150	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colors"></a>-colors <var>value</var></h3>
				1151	</div>
				1152
				1153	<p class="magick-description">Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</p>
				1154
				1155	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,
				1156	but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer
				1157	unique colors than specified by <var>value</var> will have any
				1158	duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color
				1159	palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale,
				1160	it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before
				1161	reducing the number of colors. Refer to
				1162	the <a href="quantize.html">
				1163	color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				1164
				1165	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1166	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <var>matrix</var></h3>
				1167	</div>
				1168
				1169	<p class="magick-description">apply color correction to the image.</p>
				1170
				1171	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha,
				1172	and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices
				1173	can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6
				1174	for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by
				1175	Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of
				1176	CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
				1177
				1178	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				1179
				1180	<pre>
				1181	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				1182	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1183	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1184	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1185	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1186	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1187	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
				1188	</pre>
				1189	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1190	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <var>value</var></h3>
				1191	</div>
				1192
				1193	<p class="magick-description">Set the image colorspace.</p>
				1194
				1195	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1196
				1197	<pre>
				1198	CMY CMYK Gray HCL
				1199	HCLp HSB HSI HSL
				1200	HSV HWB Lab LCHab
				1201	LCHuv LMS Log Luv
				1202	OHTA Rec601YCbCr Rec709YCbCr RGB
				1203	scRGB sRGB Transparent xyY
				1204	XYZ YCbCr YCC YDbDr
				1205	YIQ YPbPr YUV
				1206	</pre>
				1207
				1208	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1209
				1210	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the linear RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option. Note, ImageMagick assumes the sRGB colorspace if the image format does not indicate otherwise. For colorspace conversion, the gamma function is first removed to produce linear RGB.</p>
				1211
				1212	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				1213	<caption>Conversion of RGB to Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1214	<tr><th valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1215	<tr><td valign="middle">C=<var>QuantumRange</var>−R</td></tr>
				1216	<tr><td valign="middle">M=<var>QuantumRange</var>−G</td></tr>
				1217	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=<var>QuantumRange</var>−B</td></tr>
				1218	<tr><th valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1219	<tr><td valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1220	<tr><td valign="middle">C=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(C−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr>
				1221	<tr><td valign="middle">M=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(M−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr>
				1222	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(Y−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr>
				1223
				1224	<tr><th valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1225	<tr><td valign="middle">Gray = 0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B</td></tr>
				1226
				1227	<tr><th valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1228	<tr><td valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1229	<tr><td valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1230	<tr><td valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1231
				1232	<tr><th valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1233	<tr><td valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1234	<tr><td valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1235	<tr><td valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1236
				1237	<tr><th valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1238	<tr><td valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1239	<tr><td valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1240	<tr><td valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1241
				1242	<tr><th valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1243	<tr><td valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1244	<tr><td valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1245	<tr><td valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1246
				1247	<tr><th valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1248	<tr><td valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1249	<tr><td valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1250	<tr><td valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1251
				1252	<tr><th valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1253	<tr><td valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1254	<tr><td valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1255	<tr><td valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1256
				1257	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1258	<tr><td valign="middle">Gray = 0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B</td></tr>
				1259
				1260	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1261	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390R+0.5868110G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1262	<tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1263	<tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1264
				1265	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1266	<tr><td valign="middle">Gray=0.212656R+0.715158G+0.072186*B</td></tr>
				1267
				1268	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1269	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.212656R+0.715158G+0.072186*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1270	<tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000*B)+(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1271	<tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847*B)+(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1272
				1273	<tr><th valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
				1274	<tr><td valign="middle">if R ≤ .0.0031308 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
				1275	<tr><td valign="middle">if G ≤ .0.0031308 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
				1276	<tr><td valign="middle">if B ≤ .0.0031308 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
				1277
				1278	<tr><th valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1279	<tr><td valign="middle">X=0.4124564R+0.3575761G+0.1804375*B</td></tr>
				1280	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2126729R+0.7151522G+0.0721750*B</td></tr>
				1281	<tr><td valign="middle">Z=0.0193339R+0.1191920G+0.9503041*B</td></tr>
				1282
				1283	<tr><th valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1284	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=(0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1285	<tr><td valign="middle">C1=(−0.298839R−0.586811G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1286	<tr><td valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.586811G−0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1287
				1288	<tr><th valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1289	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390R+0.5868110G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1290	<tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1291	<tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1292
				1293	<tr><th valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1294	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1295	<tr><td valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1296	<tr><td valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1297
				1298	<tr><th valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1299	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390R+0.5868110G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1300	<tr><td valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1301	<tr><td valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1302
				1303	<tr><th valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1304	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1305	<tr><td valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1306	<tr><td valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1307	</table>
				1308
				1309	<p>Note the scRGB colorspace requires HDRI support otherwise it behaves just like linear RGB.</p>
				1310
				1311	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1312	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="combine"></a>-combine</h3>
				1313	</div>
				1314
				1315	<p class="magick-description">Combine one or more images into a single image.</p>
				1316
				1317	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>) of the
				1318	combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the
				1319	sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <code>RGB</code>, this
				1320	means the first image is assigned to the <code>Red</code> channel, the second
				1321	to the <code>Green</code> channel, the third to the <code>Blue</code>.</p>
				1322
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1323	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a
				1324	href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1325	Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the
				1326	original. </p>
				1327
				1328	<pre>
				1329	convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png
				1330	convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \
				1331	-combine imagecopy.png
				1332	</pre>
				1333
				1334	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1335	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="comment"></a>-comment <var>string</var></h3>
				1336	</div>
				1337
				1338	<p class="magick-description">Embed a comment in an image.</p>
				1339
				1340	<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
				1341	option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
				1342	"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> comment</code>". </p>
				1343
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1344	<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				1345	href="escape.html">Format and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1346	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
				1347	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				1348
				1349	<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the
				1350	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				1351	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1352
				1353	<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				1354	<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options
				1355	instead.</p>
				1356
				1357	<p>For example,</p>
				1358
				1359	<pre>
				1360	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				1361	</pre>
				1362
				1363	<p>produces an image comment of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming
				1364	that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of
				1365	480.</p>
				1366
				1367	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1368	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="compare"></a>-compare</h3>
				1369	</div>
				1370
				1371	<p class="magick-description">mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction</p>
				1372
				1373	<p>This is a convert version of "<code>compare</code>" for two same sized images. The syntax is as follows, but other metrics are allowed.</p>
				1374
				1375	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1376	convert image.png reference.png -metric RMSE -compare \ <br/> difference.png
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1377	</pre>
				1378
				1379	<p>To get the metric value use the string format "%[distortion]".</p>
				1380
				1381	<pre>
				1382	convert image.png reference.png -metric RMSE -compare -format \
				1383	"%[distortion]" info:
				1384	</pre>
				1385
				1386	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1387	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="complex"></a>-complex <var>operator</var></h3>
				1388	</div>
				1389
				1390	<p class="magick-description">perform complex mathematics on an image sequence</p>
				1391
				1392	Choose from these operators:
				1393
				1394	<pre>
				1395	add
				1396	conjugate
				1397	divide
				1398	magnitude-phase
				1399	multiply
				1400	real-imaginary
				1401	subtract
				1402	</pre>
				1403
				1404	<p>Optionally specify the <code>divide</code> operator SNR with <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> complex:snr=float</code>.</p>
				1405
				1406	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1407	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="compose"></a>-compose <var>operator</var></h3>
				1408	</div>
				1409
				1410	<p class="magick-description">Set the type of image composition.</p>
				1411
				1412	<p>See <a href="compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				1413	a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
				1414
				1415	<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
				1416	images together in some way. This includes the operators,
				1417	<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-compare</a>,
				1418	<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a>,
				1419	<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> composite,
				1420	<a href="command-line-options.html#flatten">-flatten</a>,
				1421	<a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
				1422	<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> merge,
				1423	<a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a>,
				1424	<a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a>,
				1425	and <a href="command-line-options.html#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
				1426
				1427	<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<code>composite</code>"
				1428	command. </p>
				1429
				1430
				1431	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1432	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="composite"></a>-composite</h3>
				1433	</div>
				1434
				1435	<p class="magick-description">Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</p>
				1436
				1437	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1438	according to the current <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1439	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
Cristy	e93be68	2015-11-26 09:07:51 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1440	href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1441	settings. </p>
				1442
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1443	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a grayscale blending 'mask' image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1444	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask is blended with the
				1445	source image. However for the '<code>displace</code>' compose method, the
				1446	mask is used to provide a separate Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1447
				1448	<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1449	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1450	href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:args</code>'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1451	appropriately for the compose method. </p>
				1452
				1453	<p>Some <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1454	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1455	href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:outside-overlay</code>'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1456	to '<code>false</code>'. </p>
				1457
				1458	<p>The SVG compositing specification requires that color and opacity values range between zero and QuantumRange inclusive. You can permit values outside this range with this option: <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:clamp=false</code></p>
				1459
				1460
				1461	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1462	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="compress"></a>-compress <var>type</var></h3>
				1463	</div>
				1464
				1465	<p class="magick-description">Use pixel compression specified by <var>type</var> when writing the image.</p>
				1466
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1467	<p>Choices are: <code>None</code>, <code>BZip</code>, <code
				1468	>Fax</code>, <code>Group4</code>, <code
				1469	>JPEG</code>, <code>JPEG2000</code>, <code
				1470	>Lossless</code>, <code>LZW</code>, <code
				1471	>RLE</code> or <code>Zip</code>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1472
				1473	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				1474	compress</a>.</p>
				1475
				1476	<p>Specify <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an
				1477	uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified
				1478	image file.</p>
				1479
				1480	<p>If <code>LZW</code> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been
				1481	enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be
				1482	read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1483
				1484	<p><code>Lossless</code> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the
				1485	JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally
				1486	not recommended.</p>
				1487
				1488	<p>
				1489	When writing an ICO file, you may request that the images be encoded in
				1490	PNG format, by specifying <code>Zip</code> compression.</p>
				1491
				1492	<p>
				1493	When writing a JNG file, specify <code>Zip</code> compression to request that
				1494	the alpha channel be encoded in PNG "IDAT" format, or <code>JPEG</code>
				1495	to request that it be encoded in JPG "JDAA" format.</p>
				1496
				1497	<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level
				1498	to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders.
				1499	Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the
				1500	sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling
				1501	the chroma channels.</p>
				1502
				1503	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1504	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="connected-components"></a>-connected-components <var>connectivity</var></h3>
				1505	</div>
				1506
Cristy	ce4a355	2015-12-14 13:53:35 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1507	<p class="magick-description"><a href="connected-components.html">connected-components</a> labeling detects connected regions in an image, choose from 4 or 8 way connectivity.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1508
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1509	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> connected-components:verbose=true</code> to output statistics associated with each unique label.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1510
				1511	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1512	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h3>
				1513	</div>
				1514
				1515	<p class="magick-description">Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1516
				1517	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and
				1518	darker elements of the image. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance
				1519	the image or <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image
				1520	contrast.</p>
				1521
				1522	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1523
				1524	<pre>
				1525	convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png
				1526	</pre>
				1527
				1528	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1529	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <var>black-point</var><br />-contrast-stretch <var>black-point</var>{x<var>white-point</var>}{<var>%</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1530	</div>
				1531
				1532	<p class="magick-description">Increase the contrast in an image by <var>stretching</var> the range of intensity values.</p>
				1533
				1534	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <var>black-point</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>white-point</var> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1535	<var >black-point %</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>white-point %</var> pixels.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1536
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1537	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch"
				1538	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <var>black-point</var> pixels and white-out at most <var >total pixels
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1539	minus white-point</var> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <var>black-point %</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>100% minus white-point %</var> pixels.</p>
				1540
				1541	<p>Note that <code>-contrast-stretch 0</code> will modify the image such that
				1542	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <var>QuantumRange</var>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1543	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize"
				1544	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <code>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</code> (or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1545	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <code>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</code>).</p>
				1546
				1547	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1548	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1549	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1550
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1551	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the same amount so as to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1552	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a>
				1553	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1554	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1555
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1556	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1557	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1558
				1559	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				1560
				1561
				1562	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1563	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="convolve"></a>-convolve <var>kernel</var></h3>
				1564	</div>
				1565
				1566	<p class="magick-description">Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</p>
				1567
				1568	<p>The <var>kernel</var> is a matrix specified as
				1569	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1570	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1571	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <var>kernel</var> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1572	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
				1573
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1574	<p>Note that the <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1575	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1576	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1577	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1578	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1579	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
				1580	</p>
				1581
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1582	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1583	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1584	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				1585	href="high-dynamic-range.html">High
				1586	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1587	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1588	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1589	entry. </p>
				1590
				1591
				1592	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1593	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="copy"></a>-copy <var>geometry</var> <var>offset</var></h3>
				1594	</div>
				1595
				1596	<p class="magick-description">copy pixels from one area of an image to another.</p>
				1597
				1598	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1599	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="crop"></a>-crop <var>geometry</var>{<var>@</var>}{<var>!</var>}</h3>
				1600	</div>
				1601
				1602	<p class="magick-description">Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</p>
				1603
				1604	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1605
				1606	<p>The <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> of the <var>geometry</var> argument give the size of the image that remains
				1607	after cropping, and <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> in the
				1608	<var>offset</var> (if present) gives the location of the top left
				1609	corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the
				1610	amount to be removed, use <a href="command-line-options.html#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1611
				1612	<p>If the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are
				1613	present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the
				1614	cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of
				1615	the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper
				1616	left corner of the image. If the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
				1617	present with <code>NorthEast</code>, <code>East</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code>
				1618	gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1619	the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a
				1620	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <code>SouthWest</code>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1621	<code>South</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code> gravity, the distance is measured
				1622	upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1623
				1624	<p>If the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are
				1625	omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input
				1626	image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if
				1627	the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1628
				1629	<p>You can add the <var>@</var> to the geometry argument to equally divide the image into the number of tiles generated.</p>
				1630
				1631	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1632	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1633	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1634	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1635	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1636
				1637	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1638	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1639	missed' warning given. </p>
				1640
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1641	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1642	cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the
				1643	upper-left corner of the visible image.
				1644
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1645	Similarly you may want to use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> after cropping to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1646	remove the page offset that will be left behind. This is especially true when
				1647	you are going to write to an image format such as PNG that supports an image
				1648	offset.</p>
				1649
				1650	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1651	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="cycle"></a>-cycle <var>amount</var></h3>
				1652	</div>
				1653
				1654	<p class="magick-description">displace image colormap by amount.</p>
				1655
				1656	<p><var>Amount</var> defines the number of positions each
				1657	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1658
				1659
				1660	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1661	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="debug"></a>-debug <var>events</var></h3>
				1662	</div>
				1663
				1664	<p class="magick-description">enable debug printout.</p>
				1665
				1666	<p>The <code>events</code> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It
				1667	can be either <code>None</code>, <code>All</code>, <code>Trace</code>, or
				1668	a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains:
				1669	<code>Accelerate</code>, <code>Annotate</code>, <code>Blob</code>, <code>Cache</code>,
				1670	<code>Coder</code>, <code>Configure</code>, <code>Deprecate</code>,
				1671	<code>Exception</code>, <code>Locale</code>, <code>Render</code>,
				1672	<code>Resource</code>, <code>Security</code>, <code>TemporaryFile</code>,
				1673	<code>Transform</code>, <code>X11</code>, or <code>User</code>. </p>
				1674
				1675
				1676	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1677
				1678	<pre>
				1679	convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png
				1680	</pre>
				1681
				1682	<p>The <code>User</code> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user
				1683	events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1684
				1685	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				1686	debug</a>.</p>
				1687
				1688	<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging
				1689	output.</p>
				1690
				1691	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1692
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1693	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code> <a href="resources.html#environment"
				1694	>environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1695	environment variable are the same as for the <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a>
				1696	option.</p>
				1697
				1698
				1699	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1700	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="decipher"></a>-decipher <var>filename</var></h3>
				1701	</div>
				1702
				1703	<p class="magick-description">Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a>.</p>
				1704
				1705	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <var>filename</var>.</p>
				1706
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1707	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
				1708	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1709	Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1710
				1711
				1712	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1713	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h3>
				1714	</div>
				1715
				1716	<p class="magick-description">find areas that has changed between images </p>
				1717
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1718	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a
				1719	href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1720	a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image.
				1721	</p>
				1722
				1723	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation
				1724	sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the
				1725	animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1726
				1727	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a>
				1728	method '<code>compare-any</code>'. </p>
				1729
				1730
				1731	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1732	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="define"></a>-define <var>key</var>{<var>=value</var>}<var>...</var></h3>
				1733	</div>
				1734
				1735	<p class="magick-description">add specific global settings generally used to control coders and image processing operations.</p>
				1736
				1737	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use
				1738	while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
				1739	control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1740	beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
				1741	href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format)
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1742	as "Artifacts". </p>
				1743
				1744	<p>If <var>value</var> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
				1745	definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
				1746	options. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
				1747	previously created. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
				1748	existing definitions.</p>
				1749
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1750	<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
				1751	href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set "option:<var>key</var>" "<var>value</var>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="escape.html" >Format and Print Image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1752	Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
				1753
				1754	<p>The <var>option</var> and <var>key</var> are case-independent (they are
				1755	converted to lowercase for use within the decoders) while the <var>value</var>
				1756	is case-dependent.</p>
				1757
				1758	<p>Such settings are global in scope, and affect all images and operations. </p>
				1759
				1760	<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
				1761	available:</p>
				1762
				1763	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				1764	<tr>
				1765	<td>bmp:format=<var>value</var></td>
				1766	<td> valid values are <var>bmp2</var>, <var>bmp3</var>,
				1767	and <var>bmp4</var>. This option can be useful when the
				1768	method of prepending "BMP2:" to the output filename is inconvenient or
				1769	is not available, such as when using the <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a> utility.</td>
				1770	</tr>
				1771
				1772	<tr>
				1773	<td>colorspace:auto-grayscale=<var>on\|off</var></td>
				1774	<td>prevent automatic conversion to grayscale inside coders that support
				1775	grayscale. This should be accompanied by -type truecolor. PNG and TIF do
				1776	not need this define. With PNG, just use PNG24:image. With TIF, just use
				1777	-type truecolor. JPG and PSD will need this define.</td>
				1778	</tr>
				1779
				1780	<tr>
				1781	<td>complex:snr=<var>value</var></td>
				1782	<td>Set the divide SNR constant<a href="command-line-options.html#complex">-complex</a></td>
				1783	</tr>
				1784
				1785	<tr>
				1786	<td>compose:args=<var>arguments</var></td>
				1787	<td>Sets certain compose argument values when using convert ... -compose ...
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1788	-composite. See <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/compose.html"
				1789	>Image Composition</a></td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1790	</tr>
				1791
				1792	<tr>
				1793	<td>compose:clamp=<var>on\|off</var></td>
				1794	<td>set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged. Define supported in ImageMagick 6.9.1-3 and above.</td>
				1795	</tr>
				1796
				1797	<tr>
Cristy	de27d76	2016-01-02 12:56:44 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1798	<td>connected-components:area-threshold=<var>value</var></td>
				1799	<td>Merges any region with area smaller than <var>value</var> into its surrounding region or largest neighbor.</td>
				1800	</tr>
				1801
				1802	<tr>
				1803	<td>connected-components:keep=<var>list-of-ids</var></td>
				1804	<td>Command and/or hyphenated list of id values to keep in the output. Supported in Imagemagick 6.9.3-0.</td>
				1805	</tr>
				1806
				1807	<tr>
				1808	<td>connected-components:mean-color=<var>true</var></td>
				1809	<td>Changes the output image from id values to mean color values. Supported in Imagemagick 6.9.2-8.</td>
				1810	</tr>
				1811
				1812	<tr>
				1813	<td>connected-components:remove=<var>list-of-ids</var></td>
				1814	<td>Command and/or hyphenated list of id values to remove from the output. Supported in Imagemagick 6.9.2-9.</td>
				1815	</tr>
				1816
				1817	<tr>
				1818	<td>connected-components:verbose=<var>true</var></td>
				1819	<td>Lists id, bounding box, centroid, area, mean color for each region.</td>
				1820	</tr>
				1821
				1822	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1823	<td>convolve:scale=<var>{kernel_scale}[!^] [,{origin_addition}] [%]</var></td>
				1824	<td>Defines the kernel scaling. The special flag ! automatically scales to
				1825	full dynamic range. The ! flag can be used in combination with a factor or
				1826	percent. The factor or percent is then applied after the automatic scaling.
				1827	An example is 50%!. This produces a result 50% darker than full dynamic
				1828	range scaling. The ^ flag assures the kernel is 'zero-summing', for
				1829	example when some values are positive and some are negative as in edge
				1830	detection kernels. The origin addition adds that value to the center
				1831	pixel of the kernel. This produces and effect that is like adding the image
				1832	that many times to the result of the filtered image. The typical value
				1833	is 1 so that the original image is added to the result of the convolution.
				1834	The default is 0.</td>
				1835	</tr>
				1836
				1837	<tr>
				1838	<td>convolve:showkernel=<var>1</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1839	<td>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a specified <a
				1840	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology convolve</a> kernel.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1841	</tr>
				1842
				1843	<tr>
				1844	<td>dcm:display-range=<var>reset</var></td>
				1845	<td>Sets the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
				1846	DCM image format.</td>
				1847	</tr>
				1848
				1849	<tr>
				1850	<td>dds:cluster-fit=<var>true\|false</var></td>
				1851	<td>Enables the dds cluster-fit.</td>
				1852	</tr>
				1853
				1854	<tr>
				1855	<td>dds:compression=<var>dxt1\|dxt5\|none</var></td>
				1856	<td>Sets the dds compression.</td>
				1857	</tr>
				1858
				1859	<tr>
				1860	<td>dds:mipmaps=<var>value</var></td>
				1861	<td>Sets the dds number of mipmaps.</td>
				1862	</tr>
				1863
				1864	<tr>
				1865	<td>dds:weight-by-alpha=<var>true\|false</var></td>
				1866	<td>Enables the dds alpha weighting.</td>
				1867	</tr>
				1868
				1869	<tr>
				1870	<td>delegate:bimodal=<var>true</var></td>
				1871	<td>Specifies direct conversion from Postscript to PDF.</td>
				1872	</tr>
				1873
				1874	<tr>
				1875	<td>distort:scale=<var>value</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1876	<td>Sets the output scaling factor for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				1877	>-distort</a></td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1878	</tr>
				1879
				1880	<tr>
				1881	<td>distort:viewport=<var>WxH+X+Y</var></td>
				1882	<td>Sets the viewport for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a></td>
				1883	</tr>
				1884
				1885	<tr>
				1886	<td>dot:layout-engine=<var>value</var></td>
				1887	<td>Specifies the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
				1888	<code>neato</code>).</td>
				1889	</tr>
				1890
				1891	<tr>
				1892	<td>filter:option=<var>value</var></td>
				1893	<td>Set a filter option for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>.
				1894	See <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> for details.</td>
				1895	</tr>
				1896
				1897	<tr>
				1898	<td>fourier:normalize=<var>inverse</var></td>
				1899	<td>Sets the location for the FFT/IFT normalization as use by
				1900	<a href="command-line-options.html#fft">+-fft</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">+-ift</a>. The default is
				1901	<var>forward</var>.</td>
				1902	</tr>
				1903
				1904	<tr>
				1905	<td>h:format=<var>value</var></td>
				1906	<td>Set the image encoding format use when writing a C-style header.
				1907	<var>format</var> can be any output format supported by ImageMagick
				1908	except for <var>h</var> and <var>magick</var></td>. If this
				1909	option is omitted, the default is <var>GIF</var> for PseudoClass
				1910	images and <var>PNM</var> for DirectClass images.
				1911	</tr>
				1912
				1913	<tr>
				1914	<td>icon:auto-resize</td>
				1915	<td>Automatically stores multiple sizes when writing an ico image
				1916	(requires a 256x256 input image).</td>
				1917	</tr>
				1918
				1919	<tr>
				1920	<td>jp2:layer-number=<var>value</var></td>
				1921	<td>Sets the maximum number of quality layers to decode. Same for JPT, JC2,
				1922	and J2K</td>
				1923	</tr>
				1924
				1925	<tr>
				1926	<td>jp2:number-resolutions=<var>value</var></td>
				1927	<td>Sets the number of resolutions to encode.Same for JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1928	</tr>
				1929
				1930	<tr>
				1931	<td>jp2:progression-order=<var>value</var></td>
				1932	<td>choose from LRCP, RLCP, RPCL, PCRL or CPRL. Same for JPT, JC2, and
				1933	J2K</td>
				1934	</tr>
				1935
				1936	<tr>
				1937	<td>jp2:quality=<var>value,value...</var></td>
				1938	<td>Sets the quality layer PSNR, given in dB. The order is from left to
				1939	right in ascending order. The default is a single lossless quality layer.
				1940	Same for JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1941	</tr>
				1942
				1943	<tr>
				1944	<td>jp2:rate=<var>value</var></td>
				1945	<td>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The
				1946	compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid
				1947	range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined,
				1948	this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75
				1949	results in a rate value of 0.06641. Same for JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1950	</tr>
				1951
				1952	<tr>
				1953	<td>jp2:reduce-factor=<var>value</var></td>
				1954	<td>Sets the number of highest resolution levels to be discarded.Same for
				1955	JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1956	</tr>
				1957
				1958	<tr>
				1959	<td>jpeg:block-smoothing=<var>on\|off</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1960	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1961	</tr>
				1962
				1963	<tr>
				1964	<td>jpeg:colors=<var>value</var></td>
				1965	<td>Set the desired number of colors and let the JPEG encoder do the
				1966	quantizing.</td>
				1967	</tr>
				1968
				1969	<tr>
				1970	<td>jpeg:dct-method=<var>value</var></td>
				1971	<td>Choose from <code>default</code>, <code>fastest</code>,
				1972	<code>float</code>, <code>ifast</code>, and <code>islow</code>.</td>
				1973	</tr>
				1974
				1975	<tr>
				1976	<td>jpeg:extent=<var>value</var></td>
				1977	<td>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <code>-define
				1978	jpeg:extent=400KB</code>. The JPEG encoder will search for the highest
				1979	compression quality level that results in an output file that does not
Cristy	e93be68	2015-11-26 09:07:51 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1980	exceed the value. The <code>-quality</code> option also will be respected
				1981	starting with version 6.9.2-5. Between 6.9.1-0 and 6.9.2-4, add -quality
				1982	100 in order for the jpeg:extent to work properly. Prior to 6.9.1-0, the
				1983	-quality setting was ignored.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1984	</tr>
				1985
				1986	<tr>
				1987	<td>jpeg:fancy-upsampling=<var>on\|off</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1988	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1989	</tr>
				1990
				1991	<tr>
				1992	<td>jpeg:optimize-coding=<var>on\|off</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1993	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1994	</tr>
				1995
				1996	<tr>
				1997	<td>jpeg:q-table=<var>table</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1998	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1999	</tr>
				2000
				2001	<tr>
				2002	<td>jpeg:sampling-factor=<var>sampling-factor-string</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2003	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2004	</tr>
				2005
				2006	<tr>
				2007	<td>jpeg:size=<var>geometry</var></td>
				2008	<td>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for
				2009	example, <code>-define jpeg:size=128x128</code>.
				2010	It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
				2011	requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</td>
				2012	</tr>
				2013
				2014	<tr>
				2015	<td>json:features</td>
				2016	<td>includes features in verbose information</td>
				2017	</tr>
				2018
				2019	<tr>
				2020	<td>json:limit</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2021	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2022	</tr>
				2023
				2024	<tr>
				2025	<td>json:locate</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2026	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2027	</tr>
				2028
				2029	<tr>
				2030	<td>json:moments</td>
				2031	<td>includes image moments in verbose information</td>
				2032	</tr>
				2033
				2034	<tr>
				2035	<td>magick:format=<var>value</var></td>
				2036	<td>Set the image encoding format use when writing a C-style header.
				2037	This is the same as "h:format=format" described above.</td>.
				2038	</tr>
				2039
				2040	<tr>
				2041	<td>mng:need-cacheoff</td>
				2042	<td>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</td>
				2043	</tr>
				2044
				2045	<tr>
				2046	<td>morphology:compose=<var>compose-method</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2047	<td>Specifies how to merge results generated by multiple<a
				2048	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel. The default is none. One
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2049	typical value is 'lighten' as used, for example, with the sobel edge
				2050	kernels. </td>
				2051	</tr>
				2052
				2053	<tr>
				2054	<td>morphology:showkernel=<var>1</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2055	<td>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a generated <a
				2056	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2057	</tr>
				2058
				2059	<tr>
				2060	<td>pcl:fit-to-page=<var>true</var></td>
				2061
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2062	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2063	<td>pdf:fit-page=<var>geometry</var></td>
				2064	<td> geometry specifies the scaling dimensions for resizing when the PDF is
				2065	being read. The geometry is either WxH{%} or page size. No offsets are
				2066	allowed. (introduced in IM 6.8.8-8)</td>
				2067	</tr>
				2068
				2069	<tr>
				2070	<td>pdf:fit-to-page=<var>true</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2071	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2072	</tr>
				2073
				2074	<tr>
				2075	<td>pdf:use-cropbox=<var>true</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2076	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2077	</tr>
				2078
				2079	<tr>
				2080	<td>pdf:use-trimbox=<var>true</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2081	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2082	</tr>
				2083
				2084	<tr>
				2085	<td>png:bit-depth=<var>value</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2086	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2087	</tr>
				2088	<tr>
				2089	<td>png:color-type=<var>value</var></td>
				2090	<td>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG
				2091	encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have
				2092	normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image
				2093	quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no
				2094	PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you
				2095	can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
				2096	indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
				2097	you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
				2098	wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a>,
				2099	<a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> directives to
				2100	reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
				2101	indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
				2102	which can be 1, 2, 4, or 8. In such files, the color samples always have
				2103	8-bit depth.</td>
				2104	</tr>
				2105
				2106	<tr>
				2107	<td>png:compression-filter=<var>value</var></td>
				2108	<td> valid values are 0 through 9. 0-4 are the corresponding PNG filters,
				2109	5 means adaptive filtering except for images with a colormap, 6 means
				2110	adaptive filtering for all images, 7 means MNG "loco" compression, 8 means
				2111	Z_RLE strategy with adaptive filtering, and 9 means Z_RLE strategy with no
				2112	filtering.</td>
				2113	</tr>
				2114
				2115	<tr>
				2116	<td>png:compression-level=<var>value</var></td>
				2117	<td> valid values are 0 through 9, with 0 providing the least but fastest
				2118	compression and 9 usually providing the best and always the slowest.</td>
				2119	</tr>
				2120
				2121	<tr>
				2122	<td>png:compression-strategy=<var>value</var></td>
				2123	<td> valid values are 0 through 4, meaning default, filtered, huffman_only,
				2124	rle, and fixed ZLIB compression strategy. If you are using an old zlib
				2125	that does not support Z_RLE (before 1.2.0) or Z_FIXED (before 1.2.2.2),
				2126	values 3 and 4, respectively, will use the zlib default strategy
				2127	instead.</td>
				2128	</tr>
				2129
				2130	<tr>
				2131	<td>png:format=<var>value</var></td>
				2132	<td> valid values are <var>png8</var>, <var>png24</var>,
				2133	<var>png32</var>, <var>png48</var>,
				2134	<var>png64</var>, and <var>png00</var>.
				2135	This property can be useful for specifying
				2136	the specific PNG format to be used, when the usual method of prepending the
				2137	format name to the output filename is inconvenient, such as when writing
				2138	a PNG-encoded ICO file or when using <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.
				2139	Value = <var>png8</var> reduces the number of colors to 256,
				2140	only one of which may be fully transparent, if necessary. The other
				2141	values do not force any reduction of quality; it is an error to request
				2142	a format that cannot represent the image data without loss (except that
				2143	it is allowed to reduce the bit-depth from 16 to 8 for all formats).
				2144	Value = <var>png24</var> and <var>png48</var>
				2145	allow transparency, only if a single color is fully transparent and that
				2146	color does not also appear in an opaque pixel; such transparency is
				2147	written in a PNG <code>tRNS</code> chunk.
				2148	Value = <var>png00</var> causes the image to inherit its
				2149	color-type and bit-depth from the input image, if the input was also
				2150	a PNG.</td>
				2151	</tr>
				2152
				2153	<tr>
				2154	<td>png:exclude-chunk=<var>value</var></td>
				2155
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2156	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2157	<td>png:include-chunk=<var>value</var></td>
				2158	<td>ancillary chunks to be excluded from or included in PNG output.
				2159
				2160	<p>The <var>value</var> can be the name of a PNG chunk-type such
				2161	as <var>bKGD</var>, a comma-separated list of chunk-names
				2162	(which can include the word <var>date</var>, the word
				2163	<var>all</var>, or the word <var>none</var>).
				2164	Although PNG chunk-names are case-dependent, you can use all lowercase
				2165	names if you prefer.</p>
				2166
				2167	<p>The "include-chunk" and "exclude-chunk" lists only affect the behavior
				2168	of the PNG encoder and have no effect on the PNG decoder.</p>
				2169
				2170	<p>As a special case, if the <code>sRGB</code> chunk is excluded and
				2171	the <code>gAMA</code> chunk is included, the <code>gAMA</code> chunk will
				2172	only be written if gamma is not 1/2.2, since most decoders assume
				2173	sRGB and gamma=1/2.2 when no colorspace information is included in
				2174	the PNG file. Because the list is processed from left to right, you
				2175	can achieve this with a single define:</p>
				2176
				2177	<pre>
				2178	-define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
				2179	</pre>
				2180
				2181	<p>As a special case, if the <code>sRGB</code> chunk is not excluded and
				2182	the PNG encoder recognizes that the image contains the sRGB ICC profile,
				2183	the PNG encoder will write the <code>sRGB</code> chunk instead of the
				2184	entire ICC profile. To force the PNG encoder to write the sRGB
				2185	profile as an <code>iCCP</code> chunk in the output PNG instead of the
				2186	<code>sRGB</code> chunk, exclude the <code>sRGB</code> chunk.</p>
				2187
				2188	<p>The critical PNG chunks <code>IHDR</code>, <code>PLTE</code>,
				2189	<code>IDAT</code>, and <code>IEND</code> cannot be excluded. Any such
				2190	entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
				2191
				2192	<p>If the ancillary PNG <code>tRNS</code> chunk is excluded and the
				2193	image has transparency, the PNG colortype is forced to be 4 or 6
				2194	(GRAY_ALPHA or RGBA). If the image is not transparent, then the
				2195	<code>tRNS</code> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
				2196	on the PNG colortype of the output image.</p>
				2197
				2198	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
				2199	following for PNG output:</p>
				2200
				2201	<pre>
				2202	-define png:exclude-chunk=EXIF,iCCP,iTXt,sRGB,tEXt,zCCP,zTXt,date
				2203	</pre>
				2204
				2205	<p>The default behavior is to include all known PNG ancillary chunks
				2206	plus ImageMagick's private <code>vpAg</code> ("virtual page") chunk,
				2207	and to exclude all PNG chunks that are unknown to ImageMagick,
				2208	regardless of their PNG "copy-safe" status as described in the
				2209	PNG specification.</p>
				2210
				2211	<p>Any chunk names that are not known to ImageMagick are ignored
				2212	if they appear in either the "include-chunk" or "exclude-chunk" list.
				2213	The ancillary chunks currently known to ImageMagick are
				2214	<code>bKGD</code>, <code>cHRM</code>, <code>gAMA</code>, <code>iCCP</code>,
				2215	<code>oFFs</code>, <code>pHYs</code>, <code>sRGB</code>, <code>tEXt</code>,
				2216	<code>tRNS</code>, <code>vpAg</code>, and <code>zTXt</code>.</p>
				2217
				2218	<p>You can also put <code>date</code> in the list to include or exclude
				2219	the "Date:create" and "Date:modify" text chunks that ImageMagick normally
				2220	inserts in the output PNG.</p></td>
				2221	</tr>
				2222
				2223	<tr>
				2224	<td>png:preserve-colormap[=<var>true</var>]</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2225	<td>Use the existing image->colormap. Normally the PNG encoder will
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2226	try to optimize the palette, eliminating unused entries and putting
				2227	the transparent colors first. If this flag is set, that behavior
				2228	is suppressed.</td>
				2229	</tr>
				2230
				2231	<tr>
				2232	<td>png:preserve-iCCP[=<var>true</var>]</td>
				2233	<td>By default, the PNG decoder and encoder examine any ICC profile
				2234	that is present, either from an <code>iCCP</code> chunk in the PNG
				2235	input or supplied via an option, and if the profile is recognized
				2236	to be the sRGB profile, converts it to the <code>sRGB</code> chunk.
				2237	You can use <code>-define png:preserve-iCCP</code> to prevent
				2238	this from happening; in such cases the <code>iCCP</code> chunk
				2239	will be read or written and no <code>sRGB</code> chunk will be
				2240	written. There are some ICC profiles that claim to be sRGB but
				2241	have various errors that cause them to be rejected by libpng16; such
				2242	profiles are recognized anyhow and converted to the <code>sRGB</code>
				2243	chunk, but are rejected if the <code>-define png:preserve-iCCP</code>
				2244	is present. Note that not all "sRGB" ICC profiles are recognized
				2245	yet; we will add them to the list as we encounter them.</td>
				2246	</tr>
				2247
				2248	<tr>
				2249	<td>png:swap-bytes[=<var>true</var>]</td>
				2250	<td>The PNG specification requires that any multi-byte integers be stored in
				2251	network byte order (MSB-LSB endian). This option allows you to
				2252	fix any invalid PNG files that have 16-bit samples stored incorrectly
				2253	in little-endian order (LSB-MSB). The "-define png:swap-bytes" option
				2254	must appear before the input filename on the commandline. The swapping
				2255	is done during the libpng decoding operation.</td>
				2256	</tr>
				2257
				2258	<tr>
				2259	<td>profile:skip=<var>name1,name2,...</var></td>
				2260	<td>Skip the named profile[s] when reading the image. Use skip="*" to
				2261	skip all named profiles in the image. Many named profiles exist,
				2262	including ICC, EXIF, APP1, IPTC, XMP, and others.</td>
				2263	</tr>
				2264
				2265	<tr>
				2266	<td>ps:imagemask</td>
				2267	<td>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will
				2268	create Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript
				2269	imagemask operator instead of the image operator.</td>
				2270	</tr>
				2271
				2272	<tr>
				2273	<td>psd:alpha-unblend=off</td>
				2274	<td>Disables new automatic un-blending of transparency with the base image
				2275	for the flattened layer 0 before adding the alpha channel to the output
				2276	image. This define must be placed before the input psd image. (Available
				2277	as of IM 6.9.2.5). The automatic un-blending is new to IM 6.9.2.5 and
				2278	prevents the transparency from being applied twice in the output
				2279	image.</td>
				2280	</tr>
				2281
				2282	<tr>
				2283	<td>quantum:format=<var>type</var></td>
				2284	<td>Set the type to <code>floating-point</code> to specify a floating-point
				2285	format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
				2286	to preserve negative values. If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
				2287	included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
				2288	If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
				2289	double precision floating point format.</td>
				2290	</tr>
				2291
				2292	<tr>
				2293	<td>quantum:polarity=<var>photometric-interpretation</var></td>
				2294	<td>Set the photometric-interpretation of an image (typically for TIFF image
				2295	file format) to either <code>min-is-black</code> (default) or
				2296	<code>min-is-white</code>.</td>
				2297	</tr>
				2298
				2299	<tr>
				2300	<td>sample:offset=<var>geometry</var></td>
				2301	<td>Location of the sampling point within the sub-region being sampled,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2302	expressed as percentages (see <a href="command-line-options.html#sample" >-sample</a>).</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2303	</tr>
				2304
				2305	<tr>
				2306	<td>showkernel=<var>1</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2307	<td>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a generated <a
				2308	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2309	</tr>
				2310
				2311	<tr>
				2312	<td>stream:buffer-size=<var>value</var></td>
				2313	<td>Set the stream buffer size. Select 0 for unbuffered I/O.</td>
				2314	</tr>
				2315
				2316	<tr>
				2317	<td>tiff:alpha=<var>associated\|unassociated\|unspecified</var></td>
				2318	<td>Specify the alpha extra samples as associated, unassociated or unspecified </td>
				2319	</tr>
				2320
				2321	<tr>
				2322	<td>tiff:endian=<var>msb\|lsb</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2323	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2324	</tr>
				2325
				2326	<tr>
				2327	<td>tiff:exif-properties=<var>false</var></td>
				2328	<td>Skips reading the EXIF properties.</td>
				2329	</tr>
				2330
				2331	<tr>
				2332	<td>tiff:fill-order=<var>msb\|lsb</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2333	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2334	</tr>
				2335
				2336	<tr>
				2337	<td>tiff:ignore-layers=<var>true</var></td>
				2338	<td>Ignores the photoshop layers.</td>
				2339	</tr>
				2340
				2341	<tr>
				2342	<td>tiff:ignore-tags=<var>comma-separate-list-of-tag-IDs</var></td>
				2343	<td>Allows one or more tag ID values to be ignored.</td>
				2344	</tr>
				2345
				2346	<tr>
				2347	<td>tiff:rows-per-strip=<var>value</var></td>
				2348	<td>Sets the number of rows per strip</td>
				2349	</tr>
				2350
				2351	<tr>
				2352	<td>tiff:tile-geometry=<var>WxH</var></td>
				2353	<td>Sets the tile size for pyramid tiffs. Requires the suffix
				2354	PTIF: before the outputname</td>
				2355	</tr>
Cristy	e09ed31	2016-03-06 08:07:39 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2356
				2357	<tr>
				2358	<td>type:features=<var>string</var></td>
				2359	<td>&nbsp</td>
				2360	</tr>
				2361
				2362	<tr>
				2363	<td>type:hinting=<var>off</var></td>
				2364	<td>&nbsp</td>
				2365	</tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2366	</table>
				2367
				2368	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
				2369	pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
				2370
				2371	<pre>
				2372	convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps
				2373	</pre>
				2374
				2375	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
				2376	<code>registry:</code>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
				2377	use:</p>
				2378
				2379	<pre>
				2380	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				2381	</pre>
				2382
				2383	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2384	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="delay"></a>-delay <var>ticks</var> <br />-delay <var>ticks</var>x<var>ticks-per-second</var> {<var><</var>} {<var>></var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2385	</div>
				2386
				2387	<p class="magick-description">display the next image after pausing.</p>
				2388
				2389	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences
				2390	<var>ticks/ticks-per-second</var> seconds must expire before the display of the
				2391	next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image
				2392	sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				2393
				2394	<p>Use <code>></code> to change the image delay <var>only</var> if its current
				2395	value exceeds the given delay. <code><</code> changes the image delay
				2396	<var>only</var> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if
				2397	you specify <code>30></code> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does
				2398	not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed
				2399	to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the
				2400	<code><</code> or <code>></code> from being interpreted by your shell as
				2401	a file redirection.</p>
				2402
				2403
				2404	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2405	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="delete"></a>-delete <var>indexes</var></h3>
				2406	</div>
				2407
				2408	<p class="magick-description">delete the images specified by index, from the image sequence.</p>
				2409
				2410	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				2411	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1
				2412	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with
				2413	a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use
				2414	<code>+delete</code> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				2415
				2416
				2417	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2418	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="density"></a>-density <var>width</var><br />-density <var>width</var>x<var>height</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2419	</div>
				2420
				2421	<p class="magick-description">Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</p>
				2422
				2423	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster
				2424	image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such
				2425	as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution
				2426	provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2427	raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a
				2428	href="command-line-options.html#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2429	instead.</p>
				2430
				2431	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one
				2432	point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are
				2433	normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300,
				2434	600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use
				2435	a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the
				2436	number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				2437
				2438	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the
				2439	stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image
				2440	resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not
				2441	stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using
				2442	its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard
				2443	file header.</p>
				2444
				2445	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option sets an <var>attribute</var> and
				2446	does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the
				2447	rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied
				2448	to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different
				2449	resolution, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				2450
				2451	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2452	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="depth"></a>-depth <var>value</var></h3>
				2453	</div>
				2454
				2455	<p class="magick-description">depth of the image.</p>
				2456
				2457	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option
				2458	to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB,
				2459	or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				2460
				2461	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2462	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="descend"></a>-descend</h3>
				2463	</div>
				2464
				2465	<p class="magick-description">obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</p>
				2466
				2467	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2468	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="deskew"></a>-deskew <var>threshold{%}</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2469	</div>
				2470
				2471	<p class="magick-description">straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</p>
				2472
				2473	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> <code>option:deskew:auto-crop
				2474	<var>width</var></code> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel
				2475	width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				2476
				2477	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2478	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h3>
				2479	</div>
				2480
				2481	<p class="magick-description">reduce the speckles within an image.</p>
				2482
				2483	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2484	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="direction"></a>-direction <var>type</var></h3>
				2485	</div>
				2486
				2487	<p class="magick-description">render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</p>
				2488
				2489	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2490	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="displace"></a>-displace <var>horizontal-scale</var>{%}{!}<br />-displace <var>horizontal-scale</var>x<var>vertical-scale</var>{%}{!}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2491	</div>
				2492
				2493	<p class="magick-description">shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</p>
				2494
				2495	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
				2496	is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
				2497	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				2498	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				2499	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				2500	behind it. </p>
				2501
				2502	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				2503	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				2504	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				2505	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				2506
				2507	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				2508	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				2509	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				2510	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				2511	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				2512	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				2513	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				2514
				2515	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				2516	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
				2517	it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
				2518	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
				2519	easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
				2520	into the overlay area. </p>
				2521
				2522	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				2523	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				2524	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				2525	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				2526
				2527	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				2528	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
				2529	displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also
				2530	specify a third image which is normally used as a <var>mask</var>,
				2531	the <var>composite image</var> is used for horizontal X
				2532	displacement, while the <var>mask image</var> is used for vertical Y
				2533	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				2534	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				2535	the <var>scale</var> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
				2536	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
				2537	than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
				2538
				2539	<p>Alternatively rather than supplying two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
				2540	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				2541	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				2542	</p>
				2543
				2544	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a
				2545	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				2546	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				2547
				2548
				2549	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2550	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="display"></a>-display <var>host:display[.screen]</var></h3>
				2551	</div>
				2552
				2553	<p class="magick-description">Specifies the X server to contact.</p>
				2554
				2555	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this
				2556	X server. See <var>X(1)</var>.</p>
				2557
				2558	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2559	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dispose"></a>-dispose <var>method</var></h3>
				2560	</div>
				2561
				2562	<p class="magick-description">define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </p>
				2563
				2564	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				2565	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				2566	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				2567	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				2568
				2569	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				2570
				2571	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				2572	<dt>Undefined</dt><dd>0: No disposal specified (equivalent to '<code>none</code>').</dd>
				2573	<dt>None</dt><dd>1: Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.</dd>
				2574	<dt>Background</dt><dd>2: Clear the frame area with the background color.</dd>
				2575	<dt>Previous</dt><dd>3: Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.</dd>
				2576	</dl>
				2577
				2578	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				2579	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				2580
				2581	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
				2582
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2583	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2584	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				2585
				2586	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>dispose</code>' method to set the image
				2587	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				2588
				2589	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2590	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <var>value</var></h3>
				2591	</div>
				2592
				2593	<p class="magick-description">maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</p>
				2594
				2595
				2596	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2597	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <var>src_percent</var>[x<var>dst_percent</var>]</h3>
				2598	</div>
				2599
				2600	<p class="magick-description">dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</p>
				2601
				2602	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				2603	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <var>src_percent</var>
				2604	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
				2605	transparent at a value of '<code>200</code>'. If both percentages
				2606	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				2607
				2608	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				2609	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				2610	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				2611
				2612	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2613	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="distort"></a>-distort <var>method arguments</var></h3>
				2614	</div>
				2615
				2616	<p class="magick-description">distort an image, using the given <var>method</var> and its required <var>arguments</var>.</p>
				2617
				2618	<p>The <var>arguments</var> is a single string containing a list
				2619	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				2620	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <var>method</var> being used. </p>
				2621
				2622	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				2623
				2624	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				2625	<tr>
				2626	<th style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				2627	<th>Description</th>
				2628	</tr>
				2629
				2630	<tr>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2631	<td>ScaleRotateTranslate <br/> SRT</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2632	<td>
				2633	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				2634	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				2635	is an alternative method of specifying a 'Affine' type of
				2636	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				2637	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2638	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2639
				2640	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2641	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2642
				2643	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				2644	<dt>2:</dt><dd><var>Scale Angle</var></dd>
				2645	<dt>3:</dt><dd><var>X,Y Angle</var></dd>
				2646	<dt>4:</dt><dd><var>X,Y Scale Angle</var></dd>
				2647	<dt>5:</dt> <dd><var>X,Y ScaleX,ScaleY Angle</var></dd>
				2648	<dt>6:</dt> <dd><var>X,Y Scale Angle NewX,NewY</var></dd>
				2649	<dt>7:</dt> <dd><var>X,Y ScaleX,ScaleY Angle NewX,NewY</var></dd>
				2650	</dl>
				2651
				2652	This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
				2653	'Affine' or 'AffineProjection' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2654
				2655	<tr>
				2656	<td>Affine</td>
				2657	<td>
				2658	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
				2659	of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
				2660	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2661	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2662	also the related 'AffineProjection' and 'SRT'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2663	distortions. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2664
				2665	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				2666	squares fitted to best match a linear affine distortion. If only 2
				2667	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
				2668	rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
				2669	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2670	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2671	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2672
				2673	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2674	</td>
				2675
				2676	</tr>
				2677
				2678	<tr>
				2679	<td>AffineProjection</td>
				2680	<td>
				2681	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2682	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2683	the source image to the destination image.
				2684
				2685	<p class="text-center"><var>
				2686	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2687	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2688	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2689	</var></p>
				2690
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2691	See <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2692	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2693
				2694	The distortions 'Affine' and 'SRT' provide
				2695	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
				2696	the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2697	see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
				2698	href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other variants. </td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2699
				2700	</tr>
				2701
				2702	<tr>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2703	<td>BilinearForward<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2704	BilinearReverse</td>
				2705	<td>
				2706	Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
				2707	16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
				2708	distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2709	consistent. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2710
				2711	The 'BilinearForward' is used to map rectangles to any
				2712	quadrilateral, while the 'BilinearReverse' form maps any
				2713	quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straight line edges
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2714	in each case. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2715
				2716	Note that 'BilinearForward' can generate invalid pixels
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2717	which will be colored using the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2718	color setting. Also if the quadrilateral becomes 'flipped' the image
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2719	may disappear. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2720
				2721	There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
				2722	attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
				2723	preserving edges (and edge distance ratios).
				2724
				2725	</td>
				2726	</tr>
				2727
				2728	<tr>
				2729	<td>Perspective</td>
				2730	<td>
				2731	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2732	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2733	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				2734	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panorama
				2735	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a 'Affine'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2736	linear distortion. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2737
				2738	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2739	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2740	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2741	<a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2742	</tr>
				2743
				2744	<tr>
				2745	<td>PerspectiveProjection </td>
				2746	<td>
				2747	Do a 'Perspective' distortion biased on a set of 8
				2748	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2749	at the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2750	'Perspective' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				2751	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2752	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2753
				2754	</tr>
				2755
				2756	<tr>
				2757	<td>Arc</td>
				2758	<td>
				2759	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2760	a circle.
				2761
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2762	<p><dl class="dl-horizontal">
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2763	<dt>arc_angle</dt>
				2764	<dd>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</dd>
				2765	<dt>rotate_angle</dt>
				2766	<dd>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</dd>
				2767	<dt>top_radius</dt>
				2768	<dd>Set top edge of source image at this radius</dd>
				2769	<dt>bottom_radius </dt>
				2770	<dd>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</dd>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2771	</dl></p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2772
				2773	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2774	(as if using <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2775	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2776	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2777	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2778
				2779	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2780	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2781	conversion. </td>
				2782	</tr>
				2783
				2784	<tr>
				2785	<td>Polar</td>
				2786	<td>
				2787	Like 'Arc' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2788	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2789	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2790	angle limits. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2791
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2792	Arguments: <var>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</var> <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2793
				2794	All arguments are optional. With <var>Rmin</var> defaulting to zero, the
				2795	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2796	to +180 (top). If <var>Rmax</var> is given the special value of
				2797	'0', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2798	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2799	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2800	'-1' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2801	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2802	but will generate the exact reverse of a 'DePolar' with
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2803	the same arguments. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2804
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2805	If the plus form of distort (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2806	output image center will default to 0,0 of the virtual
				2807	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2808	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2809
				2810	</tr>
				2811
				2812	<tr>
				2813	<td>DePolar</td>
				2814	<td>
				2815	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a 'Polar' distortion
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2816	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2817
				2818	The special <var>Rmax</var> setting of '0' may however clip
				2819	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2820	<var>Rmax</var> setting of '-1' (maximum center to corner
				2821	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2822	generated result, so that the same argument to 'Polar' will
				2823	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2824
				2825	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2826	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
				2827	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some
				2828	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2829	a high quality result. </td>
				2830
				2831	</tr>
				2832
				2833	<tr>
				2834	<td>Barrel</td>
				2835	<td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2836	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
				2837	href="http://wiki.panotools.org/Lens_correction_model" >Helmut
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2838	Dersch</a>, perform a barrel or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
				2839	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2840	lines straight again. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2841
				2842	<p class="text-center">Arguments: <var>A B C</var> [ <var>D</var> [
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2843	<var>X</var> , <var>Y</var> ] ] <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2844	or <var>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2845	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></var>
				2846	[ <var>X</var> , <var>Y</var> ] </p>
				2847	So that it forms the function
				2848	<p class="text-center">Rsrc = r * ( <var>A</var>r<sup>3</sup> + <var>B</var>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2849	<var>C</var>*r + <var>D</var> )</p>
				2850
				2851	Where <var>X</var>,<var>Y</var> is the optional center of the distortion
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2852	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2853	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2854	correct lens distortions. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2855	</td>
				2856
				2857	</tr>
				2858
				2859	<tr>
				2860	<td>BarrelInverse</td>
				2861	<td>
				2862	This is very similar to 'Barrel' with the same set of
				2863	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2864	of the radial polynomial,
				2865	so that it forms the function
				2866	<p class="text-center">Rsrc = r / ( <var>A</var>r<sup>3</sup> + <var>B</var>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2867	<var>C</var>*r + <var>D</var> )</p>
				2868	Note that this is not the reverse of the 'Barrel'
				2869	distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
				2870
				2871	</td>
				2872	</tr>
				2873
				2874	<tr>
				2875	<td>Shepards</td>
				2876	<td>
				2877	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2878	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
				2879	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2880	Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement
				2881	of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and
				2882	the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results
				2883	extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the
				2884	corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2885	their movement. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2886
				2887	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
				2888	pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2889	position, distorting the surface of the jelly. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2890
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2891	Internally it is equivalent to generating a displacement map (see <a
				2892	href="command-line-options.html#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
				2893	the <a href="command-line-options.html#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2894
				2895	</td>
				2896	</tr>
				2897
				2898	</table>
				2899
				2900	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				2901	distort</a>.</p>
				2902
				2903	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<code>Affine</code>',
				2904	'<code>Perspective</code>', and '<code>Shepards</code>' use a list control points
				2905	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2906	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2907	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2908	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2909	<p class="text-center"><var>
				2910	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2911	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2912	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2913	...
				2914	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2915	</var></p>
				2916	<p>where <var>U,V</var> on the source image is mapped to <var>X,Y</var> on the
				2917	destination image. </p>
				2918
				2919	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion,
				2920	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2921	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2922	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2923	understand.</p>
				2924
				2925	<pre>
				2926	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \
				2927	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \
				2928	rose_3d_rotated.gif"
				2929	</pre>
				2930
				2931	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for
				2932	a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
				2933	best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
				2934	of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
				2935	distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usually a linear
				2936	'<code>Affine</code>' distortion). </p>
				2937
				2938	<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
				2939	find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
				2940	'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
				2941	'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
				2942
				2943	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to a cylindrical
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2944	resampling <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a>, using a special technique known as
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2945	EWA resampling. This produces very high quality results, especially when
				2946	images become smaller (minified) in the output, which is very common when
				2947	using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion. For example here we view
				2948	a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the way to the horizon. </p>
				2949
				2950	<pre>
				2951	convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \
				2952	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \
				2953	checks_tiled.jpg
				2954	</pre>
				2955
				2956	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2957	be very slow, because of the number of pixels that are compressed to generate
				2958	each individual pixel close to the 'horizon'. You can turn off EWA
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2959	resampling, by specifying the special <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting of
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2960	'<code>point</code>' (recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead).
				2961	</p>
				2962
				2963	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2964	example, <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> will use the current <a
				2965	href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these pixels. If you do not
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2966	what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match the rest of the
				2967	ground. </p>
				2968
				2969	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2970	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
				2971	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2972	the plus form of the operator (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2973	will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
				2974	retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2975	may need to be removed using <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2976	is unwanted. </p>
				2977
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2978	<p>Setting <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2979	href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2980	and the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2981	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2982
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2983	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define"
				2984	>-define</a> distort:viewport={geometry_string}</code>" setting which will
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2985	specify the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the
				2986	distorted image space.</p>
				2987
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2988	<p>Setting a "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a>
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2989	distort:scale=<var>scale_factor</var></code>" will scale the output image (viewport or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2990	otherwise) by that factor without changing the viewed contents of the
				2991	distorted image. This can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for
				2992	a higher quality result, or for panning and zooming around the image (with
				2993	appropriate viewport changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2994
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2995	<p>Setting "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> resample:verbose=1</code>"
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2996	will output the cylindrical filter lookup table created by the EWA (Elliptical
				2997	Weighted Average) resampling algorithm. Note this table uses a squared radius
				2998	lookup value. This is typically only used for debugging EWA resampling. </p>
				2999
				3000
				3001	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3002	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="distribute-cache"></a>-distribute-cache <var>port</var></h3>
				3003	</div>
				3004
				3005	<p class="magick-description">launch a distributed pixel cache server. </p>
				3006
				3007	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3008	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dither"></a>-dither <var>method</var></h3>
				3009	</div>
				3010
				3011	<p class="magick-description">Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to
				3012	images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically
				3013	when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default.</p>
				3014
				3015	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the
				3016	eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This
				3017	reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of
				3018	a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of
				3019	colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
				3020
				3021	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				3022	setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				3023	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				3024	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				3025	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				3026	color gradients. </p>
				3027
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3028	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				3029	href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a
				3030	href="command-line-options.html#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3031	color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic
				3032	color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such
				3033	as <code>GIF:</code>, <code>XBM:</code>, and others, so dithering may also be used
				3034	in these cases. </p>
				3035
				3036	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3037	to generate purely random dither. Or use <a
				3038	href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3039	patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				3040
				3041
				3042	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3043	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="draw"></a>-draw <var>string</var></h3>
				3044	</div>
				3045
				3046	<p class="magick-description">Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</p>
				3047
				3048	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic
				3049	primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel
				3050	operations.</p>
				3051
				3052	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				3053
				3054	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3055	<dt>point</dt><dd> x,y</dd>
				3056	<dt>line</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd>
				3057	<dt>rectangle</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd>
				3058	<dt>roundRectangle</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc</dd>
				3059	<dt>arc</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1</dd>
				3060	<dt>ellipse</dt><dd> x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1</dd>
				3061	<dt>circle</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd>
				3062	<dt>polyline</dt><dd> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd>
				3063	<dt>polygon</dt><dd> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd>
				3064	<dt>bezier</dt><dd> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd>
				3065	<dt>path</dt><dd>specification </dd>
				3066	<dt>image</dt><dd> operator x0,y0 w,h filename</dd>
				3067	</dl>
				3068
				3069	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				3070
				3071	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3072	<dt>text</dt><dd>x0,y0 string</dd>
				3073	</dl>
				3074	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				3075
				3076	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3077	<dt>gravity</dt><dd>NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast</dd>
				3078	</dl>
				3079
				3080	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3081	interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a
				3082	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3083	scope to the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				3084
				3085	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				3086
				3087	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3088	<dt>rotate</dt><dd>degrees</dd>
				3089	<dt>translate</dt><dd>dx,dy</dd>
				3090	<dt>scale</dt><dd>sx,sy</dd>
				3091	<dt>skewX</dt><dd>degrees</dd>
				3092	<dt>skewY</dt><dd>degrees</dd>
				3093	</dl>
				3094
				3095	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				3096
				3097	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3098	<dt>color</dt><dd>x0,y0 method</dd>
				3099	<dt>matte</dt><dd>x0,y0 method</dd>
				3100	</dl>
				3101
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3102	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a
				3103	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a
				3104	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the
				3105	"outline" of a shape) with the <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a
				3106	href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3107
				3108	<p>A <code>point</code> primitive is specified by a single <var>point</var> in the
				3109	pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates,
				3110	<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <code>point</code>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3111	primitive is not affected by <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a
				3112	href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3113
				3114	<p>A <code>line</code> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				3115
				3116	<p>A <code>rectangle</code> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the
				3117	upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				3118
				3119	<p>A <code>roundRectangle</code> primitive takes the same corner points as
				3120	a <code>rectangle</code> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners
				3121	to be removed.</p>
				3122
				3123	<p>The <code>circle</code> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled).
				3124	Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				3125
				3126	<p>The <code>arc</code> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in
				3127	to a given rectangle. An <code>arc</code> requires the two corners used for
				3128	<code>rectangle</code> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the
				3129	arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end
				3130	points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment
				3131	of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				3132
				3133	<p>Use <code>ellipse</code> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the
				3134	center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <var>semi-axes</var> of
				3135	the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150
				3136	0,360).</p>
				3137
				3138	<p>The <code>polyline</code> and <code>polygon</code> primitives require three or
				3139	more points to define their perimeters. A <code>polyline</code> is simply
				3140	a <code>polygon</code> in which the final point is not stroked to the start
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3141	point. When unfilled, this is a <var>polygonal line</var>. If the <a
				3142	href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <code>none</code> (the default), then
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3143	a <code>polyline</code> is identical to a <code>polygon</code>. </p>
				3144
				3145	<p>A <var>coordinate</var> is a pair of integers separated by a space or
				3146	optional comma. </p>
				3147
				3148	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to
				3149	150,150 use:</p>
				3150
				3151	<pre>
				3152	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				3153	</pre>
				3154
				3155	<p>The <code>Bezier</code> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three
				3156	or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the
				3157	<var>knots</var> and these points are attained by the curve, while any
				3158	intermediate coordinates are <var>control points</var>. If two control points
				3159	are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective
				3160	control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If
				3161	one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one
				3162	control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If
				3163	more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points
				3164	act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order
				3165	to draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the
				3166	<code>path</code> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with
				3167	the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				3168
				3169	<pre>
				3170	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				3171	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				3172	</pre>
				3173
				3174	<p>A <code>path</code> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of
				3175	moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw
				3176	a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the
				3177	current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths
				3178	(i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by
				3179	one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3180	<var>donut holes</var> in objects. (See <a
				3181	href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3182
				3183	<p>Use <code>image</code> to composite an image with another image. Follow the
				3184	image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and
				3185	filename:</p>
				3186
				3187	<pre>
				3188	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				3189	</pre>
				3190
				3191	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
				3192	dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
				3193	dimensions. See <a href="compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				3194	a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
				3195
				3196	<p>The "special augmented compose operators" such as "dissolve" that require
				3197	arguments cannot be used at present with the <code>-draw image</code> option.
				3198	</p>
				3199
				3200	<p>Use <code>text</code> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text
				3201	coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in
				3202	single or double quotes.</p>
				3203
				3204	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <code>Works like
				3205	magick!</code> for an image titled <code>bird.miff</code>. </p>
				3206
				3207	<pre>
				3208	-draw "text 100,100 'Works like magick!' "
				3209	</pre>
				3210
				3211	<p>See the <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way
				3212	to annotate an image with text.</p>
				3213
				3214	<p>The <code>rotate</code> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3215	text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a
				3216	href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3217	option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the
				3218	region.</p>
				3219
				3220	<p>The <code>translate</code> primitive translates subsequent shape and text
				3221	primitives.</p>
				3222
				3223	<p>The <code>scale</code> primitive scales them.</p>
				3224
				3225	<p>The <code>skewX</code> and <code>skewY</code> primitives skew them with respect
				3226	to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				3227
				3228	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized
				3229	from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a>
				3230	option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>
				3231	option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed
				3232	by the appearance of another <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option. If another
				3233	<a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is
				3234	reinitialized from the initial affine matrix.</p>
				3235
				3236	<p>Use the <code>color</code> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the
				3237	fill color (see <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with
				3238	a method:</p>
				3239
				3240	<pre>
				3241	point
				3242	replace
				3243	floodfill
				3244	filltoborder
				3245	reset
				3246	</pre>
				3247
				3248	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The
				3249	<code>point</code> method recolors the target pixel. The <code>replace</code>
				3250	method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
				3251	<code>Floodfill</code> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target
				3252	pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code> recolors any neighbor
				3253	pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <code>reset</code> recolors all
				3254	pixels.</p>
				3255
				3256	<p>Use <code>matte</code> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent.
				3257	Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <code>color</code> primitive
				3258	for a description of methods). The <code>point</code> method changes the matte
				3259	value of the target pixel. The <code>replace</code> method changes the matte
				3260	value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
				3261	<code>Floodfill</code> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the
				3262	color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3263	changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a
				3264	href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <code>reset</code> changes the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3265	matte value of all pixels.</p>
				3266
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3267	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a
				3268	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#box">-box</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3269	respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use
				3270	these options <var>before</var> the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				3271
				3272	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather
				3273	than 1.png).</p>
				3274
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3275	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="magick-vector-graphics.html" >Magick
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3276	Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				3277
				3278
				3279	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3280	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="duplicate"></a>-duplicate <var>count,indexes</var></h3>
				3281	</div>
				3282
				3283	<p class="magick-description">duplicate an image one or more times.</p>
				3284
				3285	<p>Specify the count and the image to duplicate by its index in the sequence.
				3286	The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the
				3287	sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify
				3288	a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g.
				3289	0,2). Use <code>+duplicate</code> to duplicate the last image in the current
				3290	image sequence.</p>
				3291
				3292	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3293	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="edge"></a>-edge <var>radius</var></h3>
				3294	</div>
				3295
				3296	<p class="magick-description">detect edges within an image.</p>
				3297
				3298	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3299	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="emboss"></a>-emboss <var>radius</var></h3>
				3300	</div>
				3301
				3302	<p class="magick-description">emboss an image.</p>
				3303
				3304	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3305	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="encipher"></a>-encipher <var>filename</var></h3>
				3306	</div>
				3307
				3308	<p class="magick-description">Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>.</p>
				3309
				3310	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <var>filename</var>.</p>
				3311
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3312	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
				3313	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3314	Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				3315
				3316
				3317
				3318	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3319	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="encoding"></a>-encoding <var>type</var></h3>
				3320	</div>
				3321
				3322	<p class="magick-description">specify the text encoding.</p>
				3323
				3324	<p>Choose from</p>
				3325
				3326	<pre>
				3327	AdobeCustom AdobeExpert
				3328	AdobeStandard AppleRoman
				3329	BIG5 GB2312
				3330	Latin 2 None
				3331	SJIScode Symbol
				3332	Unicode Wansung
				3333	</pre>
				3334
				3335	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3336	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="endian"></a>-endian <var>type</var></h3>
				3337	</div>
				3338
				3339	<p class="magick-description">Specify endianness (<code>MSB</code> or <code>LSB</code>) of the image.</p>
				3340
				3341	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				3342
				3343	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				3344
				3345
				3346	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3347	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h3>
				3348	</div>
				3349
				3350	<p class="magick-description">Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</p>
				3351
				3352
				3353	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3354	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h3>
				3355	</div>
				3356
				3357	<p class="magick-description">perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</p>
				3358
				3359	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the
				3360	image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then
				3361	equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				3362
				3363	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <code>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness
				3364	-equalize -colorspace RGB</code> ...</p>
				3365
				3366	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal
				3367	components transformation that puts most of the information in the first
				3368	channel. Here we have ... <code>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize
				3369	-colorspace RGB</code> ...</p>
				3370
				3371	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3372	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <var>operator value</var></h3>
				3373	</div>
				3374
				3375	<p class="magick-description">Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</p>
				3376
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3377	<p>(See the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator for some
				3378	multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3379	elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				3380
				3381	<p>The behaviors of each <var>operator</var> are summarized in the
				3382	following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to
				3383	below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while
				3384	a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum
				3385	(installation-dependent) value <var>QuantumRange</var>. (If
				3386	normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other
				3387	calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <var>QuantumRange</var>.)</p>
				3388
				3389	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3390	<col width="25%" />
				3391	<col width="75%" />
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3392	<thead>
				3393	<tr>
				3394	<th><var>operator</var></th>
				3395	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				3396	</tr>
				3397	</thead>
				3398	<tbody>
				3399
				3400	<tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr>
				3401	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels. </td></tr>
				3402	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels modulo <var>QuantumRange</var>.</td></tr>
				3403	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3404	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <var>value</var> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				3405	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3406	<tr><td>Exp </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				3407	<tr><td>Exponential </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				3408	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <var>value</var> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><var>value</var></sup>).</td></tr>
				3409	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				3410	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Set pixels to maximum of <var>value</var> and current pixel <var>value</var> (i.e. set any pixels currently less than <var>value</var> to <var>value</var>).</td></tr>
				3411	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <var>value</var> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
				3412	<tr><td>Median </td> <td>Choose the median value from an image sequence.</td></tr>
				3413	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Set pixels to minimum of <var>value</var> and current pixel <var>value</var> (i.e. set any pixels currently greater than <var>value</var> to <var>value</var>).</td></tr>
				3414	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3415	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3416	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3417	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <var>value</var> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><var>value</var></sup>).</td></tr>
				3418	<tr><td>RMS</td> <td>Square the pixel and add the <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3419	<tr><td>RootMeanSquare</td> <td>Square the pixel and add the <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3420	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3421	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <var>value</var> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				3422	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <var>value</var> from pixels.</td></tr>
				3423	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <var>value.</var></td></tr>
				3424
				3425	<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
				3426
				3427	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3428	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3429	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3430	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="command-line-options.html#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3431	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3432	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3433
				3434	<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
				3435
				3436	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3437	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3438	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <var>value</var>. </td></tr>
				3439	</tbody>
				3440	</table>
				3441
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3442	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				3443	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3444	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				3445	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				3446	<code>Divide</code> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				3447	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<code>%</code>' to specify a value
				3448	as a percentage of the <var>QuantumRange</var>.</p>
				3449
				3450	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				3451	<a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				3452
				3453	<p>The results of the <code>Add</code>, <code>Subtract</code> and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3454	<code>Multiply</code> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				3455	href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >+level</a> operator, with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3456	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3457	Please note, however, that <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				3458	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3459	'alpha' values.</p>
				3460
				3461	<p><code>AddModulus</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides
				3462	addition modulo the <var>QuantumRange</var>. It is therefore
				3463	equivalent to <code>Add</code> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the
				3464	interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. </p>
				3465
				3466	<p><code>Exp or Exponential</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and
				3467	works on normalized pixel values. The <var>value</var> used with
				3468	<code>Exp</code> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential
				3469	function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and
				3470	thus outside the interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. The
				3471	formula is expressed below. </p>
				3472
				3473	<p class="text-center">
				3474	exp(<var>value</var> × <b><var>u</var></b>)
				3475	</p>
				3476
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3477	<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a href="command-line-options.html#-function"
				3478	>-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3479	the result.</p>
				3480
				3481	<p><code>Log</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on
				3482	normalized pixel values. This a <var>scaled</var> log function. The <var>value</var> used with <code>Log</code> provides a <var>scaling
				3483	factor</var> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The
				3484	formula applied to a normalized value <b><var>u</var></b> is below. </p>
				3485
				3486	<p class="text-center">
				3487	log(<var>value</var> × <b><var>u</var></b> + 1) / log(<var>value</var> + 1)
				3488	</p>
				3489
				3490	<p><code>Pow</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3491	normalized pixel values. Note that <code>Pow</code> is related to the <a
				3492	href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3493	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3494	with <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3495	with <code>Pow</code>.</p>
				3496
				3497	<p><code>Cosine</code> and <code>Sine</code> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				3498	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				3499	The synonyms <code>Cos</code> and <code>Sin</code> may also be used. The output
				3500	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				3501	range. The <var>value</var> scaling of the <var>period</var> of the
				3502	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				3503	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <var>value</var> is 1, the effective period is simply the <var>QuantumRange</var>; but if the <var>value</var> is 2,
				3504	then the effective period is the <var>half</var> the <var>QuantumRange</var>.</p>
				3505
				3506	<p class="text-center">
				3507	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><var>u</var></b> × <var>value</var>).
				3508	</p>
				3509
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3510	<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3511	multi-value version of evaluate. </p>
				3512
				3513	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3514	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <var>operator</var></h3>
				3515	</div>
				3516
				3517	<p class="magick-description">Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or
				3518	logical expression over a sequence of images.</p>
				3519
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3520	<p>To print a complete list of <a
				3521	href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">-evaluate-sequence</a> operators, use <a
				3522	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3523
				3524	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3525	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="extent"></a>-extent <var>geometry</var></h3>
				3526	</div>
				3527
				3528	<p class="magick-description">Set the image size and offset.</p>
				3529
				3530	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color.
				3531	To position the image, use offsets in the <var>geometry</var>
				3532	specification or precede with a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3533	specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="command-line-options.html#compose"
				3534	>-compose</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3535
				3536	<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600
				3537	display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the
				3538	image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p>
				3539
				3540	<pre>
				3541	convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \
				3542	-gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg
				3543	</pre>
				3544
				3545	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3546
				3547	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3548	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="extract"></a>-extract <var>geometry</var></h3>
				3549	</div>
				3550
				3551	<p class="magick-description">Extract the specified area from image.</p>
				3552
				3553	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw
				3554	image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				3555
				3556	<pre>
				3557	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \
				3558	image.rgb image.png",
				3559	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \
				3560	image.rgb image.png"
				3561	</pre>
				3562
				3563	<p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
				3564
				3565	<pre>
				3566	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \
				3567	image.rgb image.png
				3568	</pre>
				3569
				3570	<p>the image is <var>resized</var> to the specified dimensions instead,
				3571	equivalent to:</p>
				3572
				3573	<pre>
				3574	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png
				3575	</pre>
				3576
				3577	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3578
				3579	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3580	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="family"></a>-family <var>fontFamily</var></h3>
				3581	</div>
				3582
				3583	<p class="magick-description">Set a font family for text.</p>
				3584
				3585	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for
				3586	rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font
				3587	(e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g.,
				3588	"Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found). </p>
				3589
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3590	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				3591	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a
				3592	href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3593
				3594	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3595	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="features"></a>-features <var>distance</var></h3>
				3596	</div>
				3597
				3598	<p class="magick-description">display (co-occurrence matrix) texture measure features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</p>
				3599
				3600	<pre>
				3601	Angular Second Moment Sum Entropy
				3602	Contrast Entropy
				3603	Correlation Difference Variance
				3604	Sum of Squares Variance Difference Entropy
				3605	Inverse Difference Moment Information Measure of Correlation 1
				3606	Sum Average Information Measure of Correlation 2
				3607	Sum Variance Maximum Correlation Coefficient
				3608	</pre>
				3609
				3610	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3611	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fft"></a>-fft</h3>
				3612	</div>
				3613
				3614	<p class="magick-description">implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</p>
				3615
				3616	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows
				3617	users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal
				3618	(spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is
				3619	represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying
				3620	amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along
				3621	the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are
				3622	complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for
				3623	example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier
				3624	Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier
				3625	Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier
				3626	Transform</a>.</p>
				3627
				3628	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the
				3629	output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two
				3630	separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports
				3631	multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the
				3632	frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be
				3633	visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated
				3634	into a two-component image representation. The first component is the
				3635	magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3636	number. See for example, <a
				3637	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3638
				3639	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image
				3640	formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF,
				3641	PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these
				3642	formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				3643
				3644	<pre>
				3645	convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff
				3646	</pre>
				3647
				3648	<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image.miff[0]</code> and a phase
				3649	image as <code>fft_image.miff[1]</code>. Similarly,</p>
				3650
				3651	<pre>
				3652	convert image.png -fft fft_image.png
				3653	</pre>
				3654
				3655	<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image-0.png</code> and a phase image
				3656	as <code>fft_image-1.png</code>. If you prefer this representation, then you can
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3657	force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a
				3658	href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3659
				3660	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it
				3661	is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input
				3662	image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom
				3663	and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3664	phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a
				3665	href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3666
				3667	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within
				3668	[0, <var>QuantumRange</var>], so that HDRI need not be enabled.
				3669	Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but is scaled to span the full
				3670	dynamic range. (The first few releases had non-HDRI scaled but HDRI not
				3671	scaled). The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain
				3672	very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In
				3673	order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log
				3674	function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to
				3675	enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can
				3676	be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				3677
				3678	<pre>
				3679	convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \
				3680	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png"
				3681	</pre>
				3682
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3683	<p>where either <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 or <a
				3684	href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> is used to scale the image to full dynamic
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3685	range, first. The argument to the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log
				3686	typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of
				3687	detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more
				3688	visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				3689
				3690	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to
				3691	use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>.</p>
				3692
				3693	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real
				3694	and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				3695
				3696	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values,
				3697	this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must
				3698	use either MIFF, TIF, PFM or MPC formats for the real and imaginary component
				3699	results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional
				3700	values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part. With either
				3701	MIFF or TIF, one should add -define quantum:format=32, to allow those image
				3702	types to work properly in HDRI mode without clipping.</p>
				3703
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3704	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a
				3705	href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> are also square, even dimensioned images due to the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3706	padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component
				3707	images.</p>
				3708
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3709	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				3710	href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more
				3711	about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				3712	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages, <a
				3713	href="http://www.fmwconcepts.com/imagemagick/fourier_transforms/fourier.html"
				3714	>Fred's Fourier Processing With ImageMagick page</a> or this <a
				3715	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging" >Wikipedia</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3716	entry. </p>
				3717
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3718	<p>By default the FFT is normalized (and the IFT is not). Use "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> fourier:normalize=forward</code> to explicitly normalize the FFT and unnormalize the IFT.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3719
				3720
				3721	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3722	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fill"></a>-fill <var>color</var></h3>
				3723	</div>
				3724
				3725	<p class="magick-description">color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</p>
				3726
				3727	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3728	HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="color.html" >Color Names</a> for
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3729	a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				3730
				3731	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or
				3732	the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				3733
				3734	<p>For example,</p>
				3735
				3736	<pre>
				3737	-fill blue
				3738	-fill "#ddddff"
				3739	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				3740	</pre>
				3741
				3742	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				3743
				3744	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				3745
				3746	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3747	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="filter"></a>-filter <var>type</var></h3>
				3748	</div>
				3749
				3750	<p class="magick-description">Use this <var>type</var> of filter when resizing or distorting an image.</p>
				3751
				3752	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3753	operations such as <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				3754	>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3755
				3756	<pre>
				3757	Point Hermite Cubic
				3758	Box Gaussian Catrom
				3759	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				3760	</pre>
				3761
				3762	<p>The <code>Bessel</code> and <code>Sinc</code> filter is also provided (as well
				3763	as a faster <code>SincFast</code> equivalent form). However these filters are
				3764	generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
				3765	clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
				3766	except via expert settings (see below). </p>
				3767
				3768	<p>Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3769	function that the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3770	using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
				3771	operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
				3772
				3773	<pre>
				3774	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				3775	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				3776	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				3777	</pre>
				3778
				3779	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				3780	<code>Lagrange</code>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				3781	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				3782
				3783	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
				3784	<code>Mitchell</code> for a colormapped image, an image with a matte channel, or
				3785	if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
				3786	<code>Lanczos</code>.</p>
				3787
				3788	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				3789	filter</a> option.</p>
				3790
				3791	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3792	use of these expert settings (see also <a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> and <a
				3793	href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3794
				3795	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				3796	<tr>
				3797	<td>-define filter:blur=<var>factor</var></td>
				3798	<td>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
				3799	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and
				3800	Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected
				3801	results. </td>
				3802	</tr>
				3803
				3804	<tr>
				3805	<td>-define filter:support=<var>radius</var></td>
				3806	<td>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
				3807	thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
				3808	filters have a default 'preferred' support size. Some filters like
				3809	<code>Lagrange</code> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
				3810	this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
				3811	the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
				3812	</td>
				3813	</tr>
				3814
				3815	<tr>
				3816	<td>-define filter:lobes=<var>count</var></td>
				3817	<td>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
				3818	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is
				3819	designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
				3820	image distorts.</td>
				3821	</tr>
				3822
				3823	<tr>
				3824	<td>-define filter:sigma=<var>value</var></td>
				3825	<td>The 'sigma' value used to define the <code>Gaussian</code> filter. Default
				3826	sigma value is '<code>0.5</code>'. It only effects <code>Gaussian</code> but
				3827	does not shrink (but may enlarge) the filter's 'support'. It can be used
				3828	to generate very small blurs but without the filter 'missing' pixels due
				3829	to using a small support setting. A larger value of '<code>0.707</code>'
				3830	(a value of '1/sqrt(2)') is another common setting. </td>
				3831	</tr>
				3832
				3833	<tr>
				3834	<td>-define filter:b=<var>b-spline_factor</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3835	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3836	<td>-define filter:c=<var>keys_alpha_factor</var></td>
				3837	<td>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <code>Cubic</code>,
				3838	<code>Catrom</code>, <code>Mitchel</code>, and <code>Hermite</code>, as well as
				3839	the <code>Parzen</code> cubic windowing function. If only one of the values
				3840	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Cubic-Keys' filter.
				3841	The values meaning was defined by a research paper by
				3842	Mitchell-Netravali.</td>
				3843	</tr>
				3844
				3845	<tr>
				3846	<td>-define filter:kaiser-beta=<var>value</var></td>
				3847	<td>The 'alpha' value used to as part of the Kaiser Windowing function.
				3848	Default value is '6.5'. It only effects Kaiser windowing function, and
				3849	does not effect any other attributes.
				3850	Before ImageMagick v6.7.6-10, this option was known as "filter:alpha", (an
				3851	inheritance from the very old "zoom" program). It was changed to bring the
				3852	function in line with more modern academic research usage, and better
				3853	assign it be more definitive. </td>
				3854	</tr>
				3855
				3856	<tr>
				3857	<td>-define filter:kaiser-alpha=<var>value</var></td>
				3858	<td>This value when multiplied by 'PI' is equivalent to "kaiser-beta", and
				3859	will override that setting. It only effects Kaiser windowing function,
				3860	and does not effect any other attributes. </td>
				3861	</tr>
				3862
				3863	<tr>
				3864	<td>-define filter:filter=<var>filter_function</var></td>
				3865	<td>Use this function directly as the weighting filter. This will allow
				3866	you to directly use a windowing function such as <code>Blackman</code>,
				3867	as a resampling filter, rather than as its normal usage as a windowing
				3868	function. If defined, no windowing function also defined, the window function is set
				3869	to <code>Box</code>). Directly specifying <code>Sinc</code> or <code>Jinc</code>
				3870	as a filter will also do this. </td>
				3871	</tr>
				3872
				3873	<tr>
				3874	<td>-define filter:window=<var>filter_function</var></td>
				3875	<td>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <code>Sinc</code> and
				3876	<code>Jinc</code> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				3877	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
				3878	function to be used as a windowing function for these IIR filters.
				3879	Many of the defined filters are actually windowing functions for these IIR
				3880	filters. A typical choices is <code>Box</code>, (which effectively turns
				3881	off the windowing function). </td>
				3882	</tr>
				3883
				3884	<tr>
				3885	<td>-define filter:win-support=<var>radius</var></td>
				3886	<td>Scale windowing function to this size instead. This causes the windowing
				3887	(or self-windowing Lagrange filter) to act is if the support window is
				3888	larger than what is actually supplied to the calling operator. The filter
				3889	however is still clipped to the real support size given. If unset this
				3890	will equal the normal filter support size. </td>
				3891	</tr>
				3892
				3893	<tr>
				3894	<td>-define filter:verbose=<var>1</var></td>
				3895	<td>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
				3896	selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
				3897	filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be
				3898	easily graphed. Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other filters. The <code>Lanczos</code> filter for example is defined in terms of
				3899	a <code>SincFast</code> windowed <code>SincFast</code> filter, while
				3900	<code>Mitchell</code> is defined as a general <code>Cubic</code> family filter
				3901	with specific 'B' and 'C' settings. </td>
				3902	</tr>
				3903
				3904	</table>
				3905
				3906	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe jinc windowed sinc filter (Genseng filter?):</p>
				3907
				3908	<pre>
				3909	convert image.png \
				3910	-filter sinc \
				3911	-set filter:window=jinc \
				3912	-set filter:lobes=8 \
				3913	-resize 150% image.jpg"
				3914	</pre>
				3915
				3916	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				3917
				3918	<pre>
				3919	convert image.png \
				3920	-set filter:filter=sinc \
				3921	-set filter:lobes=4 \
				3922	-resize 150% image.jpg"
				3923	</pre>
				3924
				3925	<p>To extract the data for a raw windowing function, combine it with
				3926	a '<code>Box</code>' filter. For example the '<code>Welch</code> parabolic
				3927	windowing function. </p>
				3928
				3929	<pre>
				3930	convert null: -define filter:filter=Box \
				3931	-define filter:window=Welch \
				3932	-define filter:support=1.0 \
				3933	-define filter:verbose=1 \
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3934	-resize 2 null: > window_welch.dat
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3935	gnuplot
				3936	set grid
				3937	plot \"window_welch.dat\" with lines
				3938	</pre>
				3939
				3940	<p>Note that the use of expert options is provided for image processing experts
				3941	who have studied and understand how resize filters work. Without this
				3942	knowledge, and an understanding of the definition of the actual filters
				3943	involved, using expert settings are more likely to be detrimental to your image
				3944	resizing.</p>
				3945
				3946
				3947	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3948	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h3>
				3949	</div>
				3950
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3951	<p class="magick-description">This is a simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3952
				3953
				3954	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3955	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="flip"></a>-flip</h3>
				3956	</div>
				3957
				3958	<p class="magick-description">create a <var>mirror image</var></p>
				3959
				3960	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction. The image will be mirrored
				3961	upside-down. </p>
				3962
				3963
				3964	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3965	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var> <var>color</var></h3>
				3966	</div>
				3967
				3968	<p class="magick-description">floodfill the image with color at the specified offset.</p>
				3969
				3970	<p>Flood fill starts from the given 'seed point' which is not gravity effected.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3971	Any color that matches within <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> color distance of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3972	given <var>color</var> argument, connected to that 'seed point'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3973	will be replaced with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> color. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3974
				3975	<p>Note that if the pixel at the 'seed point' does not itself match the given
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3976	<var>color</var> (according to <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a>), then no
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3977	action will be taken. </p>
				3978
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3979	<p>This operator works more like the <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> option, than
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3980	a more general flood fill that reads the matching color directly at the 'seed
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3981	point'. For this form of flood fill, look at <a href="command-line-options.html#draw" >-draw</a> and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3982	its 'color floodfill' drawing method. </p>
				3983
				3984
				3985	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3986	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="flop"></a>-flop</h3>
				3987	</div>
				3988
				3989	<p class="magick-description">create a <var>mirror image</var>.</p>
				3990
				3991	<p>Reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction, just like the image in
				3992	a vertical mirror. </p>
				3993
				3994
				3995	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3996	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="font"></a>-font <var>name</var></h3>
				3997	</div>
				3998
				3999	<p class="magick-description">set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</p>
				4000
				4001	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list font</a>
				4002	option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				4003
				4004	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				4005	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <code>Arial.ttf</code>
				4006	is a TrueType font file, <code>ps:helvetica</code> is PostScript font, and
				4007	<code>x:fixed</code> is X11 font.</p>
				4008
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4009	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				4010	href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a
				4011	href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4012
				4013
				4014	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4015	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="foreground"></a>-foreground <var>color</var></h3>
				4016	</div>
				4017
				4018	<p class="magick-description">Define the foreground color for menus.", "display</p>
				4019
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4020	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a
				4021	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4022
				4023	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				4024
				4025	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4026	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="format"></a>-format <var>type</var></h3>
				4027	</div>
				4028
				4029	<p class="magick-description">the image format type.</p>
				4030
				4031	<p>When used with the <code>mogrify</code> utility, this option converts any
				4032	image to the image <a href="formats.html">format</a> you specify.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4033	For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a
				4034	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list format</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4035
				4036	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the
				4037	filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with
				4038	the image format type specified with <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a>. For
				4039	example, if you specify <var>tiff</var> as the format type and the
				4040	input image filename is <var>image.gif</var>, the output image
				4041	filename becomes <var>image.tiff</var>.</p>
				4042
				4043	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4044	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="format_identify_"></a>-format <var>string</var></h3>
				4045	</div>
				4046
				4047	<p class="magick-description">output formatted image characteristics.</p>
				4048
				4049	<p>See <a href="escape.html">Format and Print Image
				4050	Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this
				4051	option.</p>
				4052
				4053	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4054	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="frame"></a>-frame <var>geometry</var></h3>
				4055	</div>
				4056
				4057	<p class="magick-description">Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</p>
				4058
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4059	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor"
				4060	>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4061
				4062	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <var>size</var> portion of the <var>geometry</var> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
				4063	height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
				4064	in the <var>geometry</var> argument, then the border added is
				4065	a solid color. Offsets <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>, if present, specify that
				4066	the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of
				4067	thickness <var>x</var> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness
				4068	<var>y</var> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
				4069	</p>
				4070
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4071	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
				4072	href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4073	'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate
				4074	size with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4075	draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
				4076	href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4077	center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4078	'<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
				4079	href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4080
				4081	<p>The image composition is not
				4082	affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				4083
				4084
				4085	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4086	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h3>
				4087	</div>
				4088
				4089	<p class="magick-description">include the X window frame in the imported image. </p>
				4090	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4091	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="function"></a>-function <var>function</var> <var>parameters</var></h3>
				4092	</div>
				4093
				4094	<p class="magick-description">Apply a function to channel values.</p>
				4095
				4096	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4097	each of the color values for each previously set <a
				4098	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a
				4099	href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4100	calculations are handled.</p>
				4101
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4102	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a
				4103	href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4104	ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				4105
				4106	<p>Here, <var>parameters</var> is a comma-separated list of
				4107	numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <var>function</var> is selected. Choose the <var>function</var> from:</p>
				4108
				4109	<pre>
				4110	Polynomial
				4111	Sinusoid
				4112	Arcsin
				4113	Arctan
				4114	</pre>
				4115
				4116	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a> operators,
				4117	use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				4118
				4119	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4120	<dt>Polynomial</dt>
				4121	<dd><p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters,
				4122	these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree.
				4123	That is, entering</p>
				4124
				4125	<pre>
				4126	-function Polynomial <var>a</var><sub><var>n</var></sub>,<var>a</var><sub><var>n</var>-1</sub>,...<var>a</var><sub>1</sub>,<var>a</var><sub>0</sub>
				4127	</pre>
				4128
				4129	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				4130
				4131	<pre>
				4132	<var>a</var><sub><var>n</var></sub> <b><var>u</var></b><sup><var>n</var></sup> + <var>a</var><sub><var>n</var>-1</sub> <b><var>u</var></b><sup><var>n</var>-1</sup> + ··· <var>a</var><sub>1</sub> <b><var>u</var></b> + <var>a</var><sub>0</sub>,
				4133	</pre>
				4134
				4135	<p>where <b><var>u</var></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				4136
				4137	<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function can be used in place of <code>Set</code>
				4138	(the <var>constant</var> polynomial) and <code>Add</code>, <code>Divide</code>,
				4139	<code>Multiply</code>, and <code>Subtract</code> (some <var>linear</var>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4140	polynomials) of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a
				4141	href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4142	correspondences follow.</p>
				4143
				4144	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				4145	<tr>
				4146	<td>-evaluate Set <var>value</var> </td>
				4147	<td>-function Polynomial <var>value</var></td>
				4148	<td>(Constant functions; set <var>value</var>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				4149	</tr>
				4150	<tr>
				4151	<td>-evaluate Add <var>value</var> </td>
				4152	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<var>value</var></td>
				4153	</tr>
				4154	<tr>
				4155	<td>-evaluate Subtract <var>value</var> </td>
				4156	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<var>value</var></td>
				4157	</tr>
				4158	<tr>
				4159	<td>-evaluate Multiply <var>value</var> </td>
				4160	<td>-function Polynomial <var>value</var>,0</td>
				4161	</tr>
				4162	<tr>
				4163	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				4164	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				4165	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				4166	</tr>
				4167	</table>
				4168
				4169	<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function gives great versatility, since
				4170	polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy
				4171	desired.</p>
				4172
				4173	</dd>
				4174	<dt>Sinusoid</dt>
				4175	<dd>
				4176	<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function can be used to vary the channel values
				4177	sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These
				4178	values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				4179
				4180	<pre>
				4181	-function <code>Sinusoid</code> <var>freq</var>,[<var>phase</var>,[<var>amp</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]]
				4182	</pre>
				4183
				4184	<p>where <var>phase</var> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function
				4185	corresponds to 0 through <var>freq</var>×360 degrees.)
				4186	The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally
				4187	<b><var>u</var></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				4188
				4189	<pre>
				4190	<var>amp</var> * sin(2π (<var>freq</var> * <b><var>u</var></b> + <var>phase</var> / 360)) + <var>bias</var>
				4191	</pre>
				4192
				4193	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9
				4194	(when <b><var>u</var></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between
				4195	.7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				4196
				4197	<pre>
				4198	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				4199	</pre>
				4200
				4201	<p>The default values of <var>amp</var> and <var>bias</var> are both .5. The default for <var>phase</var>
				4202	is 0.</p>
				4203
				4204	<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function generalizes <code>Sin</code> and
				4205	<code>Cos</code> of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing
				4206	varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				4207
				4208	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				4209	<tr>
				4210	<td>-evaluate Sin <var>freq</var> </td>
				4211	<td>-function Sinusoid <var>freq</var>,0 </td>
				4212	</tr>
				4213	<tr>
				4214	<td>-evaluate Cos <var>freq</var> </td>
				4215	<td>-function Sinusoid <var>freq</var>,90 </td>
				4216	</tr>
				4217	</table>
				4218	</dd>
				4219	<dt>ArcSin</dt>
				4220	<dd>
				4221	<p>The <code>ArcSin</code> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				4222	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				4223	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
				4224	of values.</p>
				4225
				4226	<pre>
				4227	-function <code>ArcSin</code> <var>width</var>,[<var>center</var>,[<var>range</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]]
				4228	</pre>
				4229
				4230	<p>with all values given in terms of normalized color values (0.0 for black,
				4231	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				4232	for bout input (<var>width</var>), and output (<var>width</var>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				4233
				4234	<pre>
				4235	<var>range</var>/π * asin( 2/<var>width</var> * ( <b><var>u</var></b> - <var>center</var> ) ) + <var>bias</var>
				4236	</pre>
				4237
				4238	</dd>
				4239	<dt>ArcTan</dt>
				4240	<dd>
				4241	<p>The <code>ArcTan</code> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				4242	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
				4243	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.</p>
				4244
				4245	<pre>
				4246	-function <code>ArcTan</code> <var>slope</var>,[<var>center</var>,[<var>range</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]]
				4247	</pre>
				4248
				4249	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				4250	</p>
				4251
				4252	<pre>
				4253	<var>range</var>/π * atan( <var>slope</var>π ( <b><var>u</var></b> - <var>center</var> ) ) + <var>bias</var>
				4254	</pre>
				4255	</dd>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4256	</tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4257	</dl>
				4258
				4259
				4260
				4261	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4262	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <var>distance</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				4263	</div>
				4264
				4265	<p class="magick-description">Colors within this <var>distance</var> are considered equal.</p>
				4266
				4267	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must
				4268	be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color
				4269	in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an
				4270	image with <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target
				4271	background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for
				4272	these differences.</p>
				4273
				4274	<p>The <var>distance</var> can be in absolute intensity units or, by
				4275	appending <code>%</code> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255,
				4276	65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				4277
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4278	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >+fuzz</a> to reset the fuzz value to 0.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4279
				4280
				4281	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4282	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fx"></a>-fx <var>expression</var></h3>
				4283	</div>
				4284
				4285	<p class="magick-description">apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</p>
				4286
				4287	<p>If the first character of <var>expression</var> is <code>@</code>,
				4288	the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the
				4289	string.</p>
				4290
				4291	<p>See <a href="fx.html">FX,
				4292	The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this
				4293	option.</p>
				4294
				4295
				4296	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4297	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="gamma"></a>-gamma <var>value</var></h3>
				4298	</div>
				4299
				4300	<p class="magick-description">level of gamma correction.</p>
				4301
				4302	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look
				4303	different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to
				4304	adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from
				4305	<code>0.8</code> to <code>2.3</code>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and
				4306	gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may
				4307	result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only
				4308	eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				4309
				4310	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to
				4311	a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the
				4312	normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the
				4313	same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				4314
				4315	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of
				4316	the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g.,
				4317	<code>1.7,2.3,1.2</code>).</p>
				4318
				4319	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">+gamma <var>value</var></a> to set the
				4320	image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option
				4321	is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute
				4322	(e.g. PNG images). Write the "file gamma" which is the reciprocal of the
				4323	display gamma; e.g., if your image is sRGB and you want to write a PNG gAMA
				4324	chunk, use</p>
				4325
				4326	<pre>
				4327	convert input.png +gamma .45455 output.png
				4328	</pre>
				4329
				4330	<p>(0.45455 is 1/2.2)</p>
				4331
				4332	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				4333
				4334	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4335	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <var>radius</var><br />-gaussian-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4336	</div>
				4337
				4338	<p class="magick-description">Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</p>
				4339
				4340	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4341	<var >Sigma</var> value. The formula is:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4342
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4343	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4344
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4345	<p>The <var >Sigma</var> value is the important argument, and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4346	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
				4347
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4348	<p>The <var >Radius</var> is only used to determine the size of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4349	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
				4350	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
				4351	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				4352	</p>
				4353
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4354	<p>The larger the <var >Radius</var> the radius the slower the
				4355	operation is. However too small a <var >Radius</var>, and sever
				4356	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <var >Radius</var>
				4357	should be at least twice the <var >Sigma</var> value, though three
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4358	times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
				4359
				4360	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
				4361	full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				4362	neighboring pixels. </p>
				4363
				4364	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4365	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4366	</p>
				4367
				4368
				4369	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4370	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="geometry"></a>-geometry <var>geometry</var></h3>
				4371	</div>
				4372
				4373	<p class="magick-description">Set the preferred size and location of the image.</p>
				4374
				4375	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4376
				4377	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4378	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="gravity"></a>-gravity <var>type</var></h3>
				4379	</div>
				4380
				4381	<p class="magick-description">Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</p>
				4382
				4383	<p>Choices include: <code>NorthWest</code>, <code>North</code>,
				4384	<code>NorthEast</code>, <code>West</code>, <code>Center</code>, <code>East</code>,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4385	<code>SouthWest</code>, <code>South</code>, <code>SouthEast</code>. Use <a
				4386	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete list of <a
				4387	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4388	installation.</p>
				4389
				4390	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For
				4391	example, a gravity of <code>Center</code> forces the text to be centered within
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4392	the image. By default, the image gravity is <code>NorthWest</code>. See <a
				4393	href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the
				4394	text primitive of <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> is affected by the <a
				4395	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4396
				4397	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the
				4398	<a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4399	take <var>geometry</var> as an argument, such as the <a
				4400	href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4401
				4402	<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option
				4403	or setting having a <var>geometry</var> argument that specifies an
				4404	offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested
				4405	by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following
				4406	command, for example, suppose the file <code>image.png</code> has dimensions
				4407	200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a>
				4408	is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is
				4409	<code>Center</code>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point
				4410	(100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving
				4411	(100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at
				4412	that point. (In addition, the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the
				4413	region itself, which is <var>centered</var> at the pixel
				4414	coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				4415
				4416	<pre>
				4417	convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \
				4418	-negate output.png
				4419	</pre>
				4420
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4421	<p>When used as an option to <a href="composite.html">composite</a>, <a
				4422	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4423	within the composite.</p>
				4424
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4425	<p>When used as an option to <a href="montage.html">montage</a>, <a
				4426	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4427	within a tile. The default gravity is <code>Center</code> for this purpose.</p>
				4428
				4429
				4430	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4431	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="grayscale"></a>-grayscale <var>method</var></h3>
				4432	</div>
				4433
				4434	<p class="magick-description">convert image to grayscale.</p>
				4435
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4436	<p>This will use one of the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> methods to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4437	convert the given image into a linear-grayscale image. </p>
				4438
				4439	<p>For example, to convert an image to (linear) Rec709Luminance grayscale, type:</p>
				4440
				4441	<pre>
				4442	convert in.png -grayscale Rec709Luminance out.png
				4443	</pre>
				4444
				4445	<p>which is equivalent to:</p>
				4446
				4447	<pre>
				4448	convert in.png -colorspace gray out.png
				4449	</pre>
				4450
				4451	<p>Similarly, to convert an image to (non-linear) Rec709Luma grayscale, type:</p>
				4452
				4453	<pre>
				4454	convert in.png -grayscale Rec709Luma out.png
				4455	</pre>
				4456
				4457	<p>which is equivalent to:</p>
				4458
				4459	<pre>
				4460	convert in.png -set colorspace RGB -colorspace gray out.png
				4461	</pre>
				4462
				4463	<p>Note that a 'colorspace' intensity method will produce the same result
				4464	regardless of the current colorpsace of the image. But a 'mathematical'
				4465	intensity method will depend on the current colorspace the image is currently
				4466	using. </p>
				4467
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4468	<p>While this operation uses an <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> method,
				4469	it does not use or set the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting, so
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4470	will not effect other operations that may use that setting.</p>
				4471
				4472
				4473	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4474	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <var>x,y</var></h3>
				4475	</div>
				4476
				4477	<p class="magick-description">green chromaticity primary point.</p>
				4478
				4479
				4480	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4481	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h3>
				4482	</div>
				4483
				4484	<p class="magick-description">apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</p>
				4485
				4486	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				4487	dimensions. Create it with the <code>HALD:</code> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				4488	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				4489	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				4490
				4491	<pre>
				4492	convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png
				4493	</pre>
				4494
				4495	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				4496	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				4497	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				4498
				4499	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				4500	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4501	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				4502	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4503	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				4504
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4505	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4506	of the individual color channels, usually involving a simpler grayscale
				4507	image. E.g: grayscale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4508	mapping. </p>
				4509
				4510
				4511	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4512	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="help"></a>-help</h3>
				4513	</div>
				4514
				4515	<p class="magick-description">print usage instructions.</p>
				4516
				4517	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4518	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <var>color</var></h3>
				4519	</div>
				4520
				4521	<p class="magick-description">when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p>
				4522
				4523	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4524	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="hough-lines"></a>-hough-lines <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3>
				4525	</div>
				4526
				4527	<p class="magick-description">identify straight lines in the image (e.g. -hough-lines 9x9+195).</p>
				4528
				4529	<p>Use the Hough line detector with any binary edge extracted image to locate and draw any straight lines that it finds.</p>
				4530
				4531	<p>The process accumulates counts for every white pixel in the binary edge image for every possible orientation (for angles from 0 to 179 in 1 deg increments) and distance from the center of the image to the corners (in 1 px increments). It stores the counts in an accumulator matrix of angle vs distance. The size of the accumulator will be 180x(diagonal/2). Next it searches the accumulator for peaks in counts and converts the locations of the peaks to slope and intercept in the normal x,y input image space. The algorithm uses slope/intercepts to find the endpoints clipped to the bounds of the image. The lines are drawn from the given endpoints. The counts are a measure of the length of the lines.</p>.
				4532
				4533	<p>The WxH arguments specify the filter size for locating the peaks in the Hough accumulator. The threshold excludes lines whose counts are less than the threshold value.</p>
				4534
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4535	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#background" >-background</a></code> to specify the color of the background onto which the lines will be drawn. The default is black.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4536
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4537	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a></code> to specify the color of the lines. The default is black.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4538
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4539	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#stroke" >-stroke</a></code> and <code><a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth" >-strokewidth</a></code> to specify the thickness of the lines. The default is black and no strokewidth.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4540
				4541	<p>A text file listing the endpoints and counts may be created by using the suffix, .mvg, for the output image.</p>
				4542
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4543	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> hough-lines:accumulator=true</code> to return the accumulator image in addition to the lines image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4544
				4545	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4546	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <var>geometry</var></h3>
				4547	</div>
				4548
				4549	<p class="magick-description">specify the icon geometry.</p>
				4550
				4551	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same
				4552	manner as the <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to
				4553	handle negative offsets.</p>
				4554
				4555	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4556
				4557	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4558	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h3>
				4559	</div>
				4560
				4561	<p class="magick-description">start in icon mode in X Windows", 'animate', 'display</p>
				4562
				4563	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4564	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="identify"></a>-identify</h3>
				4565	</div>
				4566
				4567	<p class="magick-description">identify the format and characteristics of the image.</p>
				4568
				4569	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size;
				4570	the image class (<var>DirectClass</var> or <var>PseudoClass</var>); the total number of unique colors; and the
				4571	number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="miff.html">MIFF</a> for
				4572	a description of the image class.</p>
				4573
				4574	<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4575	in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a
				4576	href="quantize.html">color
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4577	reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
				4578
				4579	<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
				4580	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				4581	image histogram, and others.</p>
				4582
				4583	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4584	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="ift"></a>-ift</h3>
				4585	</div>
				4586
				4587	<p class="magick-description">implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</p>
				4588
				4589	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows
				4590	users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase
				4591	images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4592	domain. See for example, <a
				4593	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4594	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and
				4595	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
				4596
				4597	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of
				4598	the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				4599
				4600	<pre>
				4601	convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png
				4602	</pre>
				4603
				4604	<p>or</p>
				4605
				4606	<pre>
				4607	convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png
				4608	</pre>
				4609
				4610	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4611	the original image, prior to the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a> or <a
				4612	href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4613	the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p>
				4614
				4615	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to
				4616	use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">-ift</a>.</p>
				4617
				4618	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real
				4619	and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal
				4620	(spatial) domain.</p>
				4621
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4622	<p>By default the IFT is not normalized (and the FFT is). Use "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> fourier:normalize=inverse</code> to explicitly normalize the IFT and unnormalize the FFT.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4623
				4624	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4625	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h3>
				4626	</div>
				4627
				4628	<p class="magick-description">make image immutable.</p>
				4629
				4630	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4631	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="implode"></a>-implode <var>factor</var></h3>
				4632	</div>
				4633
				4634	<p class="magick-description">implode image pixels about the center.</p>
				4635
				4636	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4637	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="insert"></a>-insert <var>index</var></h3>
				4638	</div>
				4639
				4640	<p class="magick-description">insert the last image into the image sequence.</p>
				4641
				4642	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it
				4643	at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is
				4644	calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such
				4645	<code>-insert -1</code> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				4646
				4647	<p>The <code>+insert</code> option is equivalent to <code>-insert -1</code>. In
				4648	other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence.
				4649	Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				4650
				4651	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4652	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="intensity"></a>-intensity <var>method</var></h3>
				4653	</div>
				4654
				4655	<p class="magick-description">method to generate intensity value from pixel.</p>
				4656
				4657	<p>ImageMagick provides a number of methods used in situations where an
				4658	operator needs to determine a single grayscale value for some purpose, from
				4659	an image with red, green, and blue pixel components. Typically the linear
				4660	<code>Rec709Luminance</code> formula is used, which is the same formula used when
				4661	converting images to <code>-colorspace gray</code>. </p>
				4662
				4663	<p>The following formulas are currently provided, and will first convert
				4664	the pixel values to linear-RGB or non-linear sRGB colorspace before
				4665	being applied to calculate the final greyscale value. </p>
				4666
				4667	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4668	<dt>Rec601Luma</dt><dd> 0.298839R' + 0.586811G'+ 0.114350B'</dd>
				4669	<dt>Rec601Luminance</dt><dd> 0.298839R + 0.586811G + 0.114350B</dd>
				4670	<dt>Rec709Luma</dt><dd> 0.212656R' + 0.715158G' + 0.072186B'</dd>
				4671	<dt>Rec709Luminance</dt><dd> 0.212656R + 0.715158G + 0.072186B</dd>
				4672	<dt>Brightness</dt><dd> max(R', G', B')</dd>
				4673	<dt>Lightness</dt><dd> (min(R', G', B') + max(R', G', B')) / 2.0</dd>
				4674	</dl>
				4675
				4676	<p>Note that the above R,G,B values is the image's linear-RGB values, while
				4677	R',G',B' are sRGB non-linear values. </p>
				4678
				4679	<p>These intensity methods are mathematical in nature and will use the
				4680	current value in the images respective R,G,B channel regardless of
				4681	what that is, or what colorspace the image is currently using.</p>
				4682
				4683	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4684	<dt>Average</dt><dd>(R + G + B) / 3.0</dd>
				4685	<dt>MS</dt><dd>(R^2 + G^2 + B^2) / 3.0</dd>
				4686	<dt>RMS</dt><dd>sqrt( (R^2 + G^2 + B^2) / 3.0 )</dd>
				4687	</dl>
				4688
				4689	<p>These methods are often used for other purposes, such as generating a
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4690	grayscale difference image between two color images (using <a href="command-line-options.html#compose"
				4691	>-compose</a> '<code>Difference</code>' composition. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4692
				4693	<p> For example The 'MS' (Mean Squared) setting is good for minimizing color
				4694	error comparisions. While... The method 'RMS' (Root Mean Squared) for
				4695	example is appropriate for calculating color vector distance, from a color
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4696	difference image. This is equivalent to the color only component of the <a
				4697	href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor color compare setting. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4698
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4699	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#grayscale" >-grayscale</a> which applies one of the above
				4700	grayscaling formula directly to an image without setting the <a
				4701	href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4702
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4703	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace gray</a> image conversion also uses
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4704	the current intensity setting, but will always convert the image to the
				4705	appropriate sRGB or linear-RGB colorspace before appling the above
				4706	function.</p>
				4707
				4708	<p>To print a complete list of possible pixel intensity setting methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intensity</a>.</p>
				4709
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4710	<p>Operators affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting include:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4711
				4712	<pre>
				4713	-adaptive-blur
				4714	-adaptive-sharpen
				4715	-black-threshold
				4716	-clut (when mapping greyscale CLUT image to alpha channel if set by -channels)
				4717	-colors for gray colorspace
				4718	-compose {LightenIntensity, DarkenIntensity, CopyOpacity, CopyBlack}
				4719	-contrast-stretch
				4720	-distort {ErodeIntensity, DilateIntensity}
				4721	-normalize
				4722	-random-threshold
				4723	-selective-blur
				4724	-shade
				4725	-threshold
				4726	-tint
				4727	-white-threshold
				4728	</pre>
				4729
				4730	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4731	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="intent"></a>-intent <var>type</var></h3>
				4732	</div>
				4733
				4734	<p class="magick-description">use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</p>
				4735
				4736	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see
				4737	<a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <code>Absolute,
				4738	Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</code>.</p>
				4739
				4740	<p>The default intent is Perceptual for the sRGB colorspace and undefined for the RGB and gray colorspaces.</p>
				4741
				4742	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				4743
				4744	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4745	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interlace"></a>-interlace <var>type</var></h3>
				4746	</div>
				4747
				4748	<p class="magick-description">the type of interlacing scheme.</p>
				4749
				4750	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4751
				4752	<pre>
				4753	none
				4754	line
				4755	plane
				4756	partition
				4757	JPEG
				4758	GIF
				4759	PNG
				4760	</pre>
				4761
				4762	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image
				4763	formats such as <code>RGB</code> or <code>YUV</code>.</p>
				4764
				4765	<p><code>None</code> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				4766
				4767	<p><code>Line</code> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				4768
				4769	<p><code>Plane</code> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				4770
				4771	<p><code>Partition</code> is like plane except the different planes are saved to
				4772	individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).</p>
				4773
				4774	<p>Use <code>Line</code> or <code>Plane</code> to create an <code>interlaced
				4775	PNG</code> or <code>GIF</code> or <code>progressive JPEG</code> image.</p>
				4776
				4777	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				4778	interlace</a>.</p>
				4779
				4780	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4781	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <var>type</var></h3>
				4782	</div>
				4783
				4784	<p class="magick-description">Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</p>
				4785
				4786	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point
				4787	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				4788	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				4789	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				4790	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				4791
				4792	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4793	<dt>integer</dt>
				4794	<dd>The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)</dd>
				4795	<dt>nearest-neighbor</dt>
				4796	<dd>The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)</dd>
				4797	<dt>average</dt>
				4798	<dd>The average color of the surrounding four pixels</dd>
				4799	<dt>bilinear</dt>
				4800	<dd>A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)</dd>
				4801	<dt>mesh</dt>
				4802	<dd>Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations</dd>
				4803	<dt>bicubic</dt>
				4804	<dd>Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels</dd>
				4805	<dt>spline</dt>
				4806	<dd>Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)</dd>
				4807	<dt>filter</dt>
				4808	<dd>Use resize <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> settings</dd>
				4809	</dl>
				4810
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4811	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				4812	>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#transform"
				4813	>-transform</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4814
				4815	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				4816
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4817	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4818	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				4819
				4820
				4821	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4822	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <var>value</var></h3>
				4823	</div>
				4824
				4825	<p class="magick-description">the space between two text lines.</p>
				4826
				4827	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4828	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <var>value</var></h3>
				4829	</div>
				4830
				4831	<p class="magick-description">the space between two words.</p>
				4832
				4833	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4834	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="kerning"></a>-kerning <var>value</var></h3>
				4835	</div>
				4836
				4837	<p class="magick-description">the space between two letters.</p>
				4838
				4839	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4840	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="kuwahara"></a>-kuwahara <var>radius</var><br />-kuwahara <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4841	</div>
				4842
				4843	<p class="magick-description">edge preserving noise reduction filter.</p>
				4844
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4845	<p>The <var >radius</var> is more important than the <var >sigma</var>. If <var >sigma</var> is left off, it will be computed automatically from the <var >radius</var> as <var >sigma</var>=<var >radius</var>-0.5. The <var >sigma</var> provides a bit of additional smoothing control.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4846
				4847
				4848	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4849	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="label"></a>-label <var>name</var></h3>
				4850	</div>
				4851
				4852	<p class="magick-description">assign a label to an image.</p>
				4853
				4854	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4855	or created. You can use the <a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4856	a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
				4857	MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
				4858
				4859	<p>When saving an image to a <var>PostScript</var> file, any label
				4860	assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript
				4861	image. </p>
				4862
				4863	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
				4864	attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="escape.html">Format and Print Image
				4865	Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
				4866
				4867	<p>For example,</p>
				4868
				4869	<pre>
				4870	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				4871	</pre>
				4872
				4873	<p>assigns an image label of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> to the
				4874	"<code>bird.miff</code>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
				4875	is read in. If a <a href="command-line-options.html#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
				4876	existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
				4877	from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
				4878
				4879	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
				4880	via <var>Label</var> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
				4881	visible on the image itself, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option, or
				4882	during the final processing in the creation of an image montage.</p>
				4883
				4884	<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
				4885	remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded
				4886	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				4887
				4888
				4889	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4890	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="lat"></a>-lat <var>width</var><br />-lat <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>offset</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4891	</div>
				4892
				4893	<p class="magick-description">perform local adaptive threshold.</p>
				4894
				4895	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				4896	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				4897	the optional <code>offset</code>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				4898	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				4899	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				4900	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				4901
				4902	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				4903	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				4904	the local background color, from which to separate the foreground color. </p>
				4905
				4906
				4907	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4908	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="layers"></a>-layers <var>method</var></h3>
				4909	</div>
				4910
				4911	<p class="magick-description">handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</p>
				4912
				4913	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				4914	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				4915	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				4916
				4917	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				4918	<tbody>
				4919	<tr>
				4920	<th style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				4921	<th>Description</th>
				4922	</tr>
				4923
				4924	<tr>
				4925	<td>compare-any</td>
				4926	<td>Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4927	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				4928	href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4929	</tr>
				4930
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4931	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct"
				4932	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4933	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				4934	'<code>Previous</code>' or '<code>Background</code>'. </td>
				4935	</tr>
				4936
				4937	<tr>
				4938	<td>compare-clear</td>
				4939	<td>As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to the bounds of any
				4940	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				4941	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				4942	</tr>
				4943
				4944	<tr>
				4945	<td>compare-overlay</td>
				4946	<td>As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to pixels that add
				4947	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				4948	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				4949	</tr>
				4950
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4951	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4952	composition method '<code>change-mask</code>', to reduce the image to
				4953	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				4954	</tr>
				4955
				4956	<tr>
				4957	<td>coalesce</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4958	<td>Equivalent to a call to the <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce"
				4959	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4960	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				4961	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				4962	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				4963	</tr>
				4964
				4965	<tr>
				4966	<td>composite</td>
				4967	<td>Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				4968	"<code>null:</code>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				4969	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				4970	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				4971	image lists are removed. </td>
				4972	</tr>
				4973
				4974
				4975	<tr><td></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4976	<td>The <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
				4977	to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
				4978	canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
				4979	href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4980	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
				4981
				4982	<tr><td></td>
				4983	<td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
				4984	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				4985	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				4986	preserved. </td>
				4987	</tr>
				4988
				4989
				4990	<tr>
				4991	<td>dispose</td>
				4992	<td>This like '<code>coalesce</code>' but shows the look of
				4993	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				4994	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4995	results from the application of the GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose"
				4996	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4997	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				4998	</td>
				4999	</tr>
				5000
				5001	<tr>
				5002	<td>flatten</td>
				5003	<td>Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5004	canvas using the current <a href="command-line-options.html#background" >-background</a> color,
				5005	and <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5006	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				5007	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				5008	</tr>
				5009
				5010	<tr><td></td>
				5011	<td>This usually used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
				5012	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				5013	</tr>
				5014
				5015	<tr><td></td>
				5016	<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
				5017	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay an opaque color to remove
				5018	transparency from an image.</td>
				5019	</tr>
				5020
				5021
				5022	<tr>
				5023	<td>merge</td>
				5024	<td>As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				5025	layers to create a new layer image just large enough to hold all the
				5026	image without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset
				5027	will preserve the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				5028	negative. The virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				5029	</td>
				5030	</tr>
				5031
				5032	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with
				5033	negative offsets as few image file formats handle them correctly.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5034	Following this operation method with <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5035	will remove the layer offset, and create an image in which all the
				5036	overlaid image positions relative to each other is preserved, though
				5037	not necessarily exactly where you specified them.
				5038	</td>
				5039	</tr>
				5040
				5041	<tr><td></td><td>See also 'trim-bounds' below which is closely related but
				5042	without doing the'flatten' to merge the images together. </td>
				5043	</tr>
				5044
				5045	<tr>
				5046	<td>mosaic</td>
				5047	<td>As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				5048	of the first image in a positive direction only so as to hold all the
				5049	image layers. However as a virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin,
				5050	by its own definition, image layers with a negative offsets will still
				5051	become clipped by the top and left edges. See 'merge' or 'trim-bounds'
				5052	if this could be a problem. </td>
				5053
				5054	</tr>
				5055
				5056	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image
				5057	using various offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The
				5058	resulting image will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so
				5059	can be saved to any image file format. </td>
				5060	</tr>
				5061
				5062
				5063	<tr>
				5064	<td>optimize</td>
				5065	<td>Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				5066	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				5067	apply both the '<code>optimize-frame</code>', and
				5068	'<code>optimize-transparency</code>' methods but may be expanded to
				5069	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				5070	</tr>
				5071
				5072	<tr>
				5073	<td>optimize-frame</td>
				5074	<td>Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				5075	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				5076	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				5077	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				5078	</tr>
				5079
				5080	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found.
				5081	But then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				5082	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				5083	optimizers seen. </td>
				5084	</tr>
				5085
				5086	<tr>
				5087	<td>optimize-plus</td>
				5088	<td>As '<code>optimize-frame</code>' but attempt to improve the
				5089	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				5090	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				5091	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				5092	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				5093	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				5094	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				5095	'<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. </td>
				5096	</tr>
				5097
				5098	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal
				5099	style will result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames,
				5100	though this is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is
				5101	better than the normal '<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. For some
				5102	animations however you can get a vast improvement in the final
				5103	animation size. </td>
				5104	</tr>
				5105
				5106	<tr>
				5107	<td>optimize-transparency</td>
				5108	<td>Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				5109	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5110	animation by more than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5111	</td>
				5112	</tr>
				5113
				5114	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation
				5115	to compress into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one
				5116	(transparent) color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating
				5117	the current disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				5118	</tr>
				5119
				5120	<tr>
				5121	<td>remove-dups</td>
				5122	<td>Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				5123	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				5124	</td>
				5125	</tr>
				5126
				5127	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay
				5128	across the whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into
				5129	smaller sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been
				5130	used as part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				5131	</tr>
				5132
				5133	<tr>
				5134	<td>remove-zero</td>
				5135	<td>Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				5136	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				5137	warning is then issued). </td>
				5138	</tr>
				5139
				5140	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which
				5141	provide partial intermediary updates between the frames that are
				5142	actually displayed to users. These frames are usually added for
				5143	improved frame optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				5144	</tr>
				5145
				5146	<tr>
				5147	<td>trim-bounds</td>
				5148	<td>Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				5149	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				5150	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified or
				5151	merged, only the individual image virtual canvas size and offset.
				5152	All the images is given the same canvas size, and and will have
				5153	a positive offset, but will remain in the same position relative to
				5154	each other. As a result of the minimal canvas size at least one image
				5155	will touch every edge of that canvas. The image data touching those
				5156	edges however may be transparent. </td>
				5157	</tr>
				5158
				5159	<tr><td></td><td>The result is much like if you used 'merge' followed by a
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5160	<a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> option, except that all the images
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5161	have been kept separate. If 'flatten' is used after using
				5162	'trim-bounds' you will get the same result. </td>
				5163	</tr>
				5164
				5165	</tbody>
				5166	</table>
				5167
				5168	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				5169
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5170	<p>The operators <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct"
				5171	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic"
				5172	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods and may be depreciated in
				5173	the future. Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#repage"
				5174	>-repage</a> operators, the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the
				5175	GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5176	settings. </p>
				5177
				5178
				5179	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5180	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="level"></a>-level <var>black_point</var>{,<var>white_point</var>}{<var>%</var>}{,<var>gamma</var>}</h3>
				5181	</div>
				5182
				5183	<p class="magick-description">adjust the level of image channels.</p>
				5184
				5185	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				5186	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				5187	white points range from 0 to <var>QuantumRange</var>, or from 0 to
				5188	100%; if the white point is omitted it is set to (<var>QuantumRange</var> - black_point), so as to center contrast changes.
				5189	If a <code>%</code> sign is present anywhere in the string, both black and white
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5190	points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma will do a <a
				5191	href="command-line-options.html#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is omitted, the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5192	default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				5193
				5194	<p>In normal usage (<code>-level</code>) the image values are stretched so that
				5195	the given '<code>black_point</code>' value in the original image is set to zero
				5196	(or black), while the given '<code>white_point</code>' value is set to <var>QuantumRange</var> (or white). This provides you with direct
				5197	contrast adjustments to the image. The '<code>gamma</code>' of the resulting
				5198	image will then be adjusted. </p>
				5199
				5200	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator
				5201	(<code>+level</code>) or adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument
				5202	list, will cause the operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That
				5203	is a zero, or <var>QuantumRange</var> value (black, and white, resp.)
				5204	in the original image, is adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to
				5205	de-contrast, or compress the channel values within the image. The
				5206	'<code>gamma</code>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the
				5207	image is made. </p>
				5208
				5209	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
				5210	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				5211	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				5212
				5213	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5214	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5215
				5216
				5217	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5218	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<var>black_color</var>}{,}{<var>white_color</var>}</h3>
				5219	</div>
				5220
				5221	<p class="magick-description">adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</p>
				5222
				5223	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a>, except that the
				5224	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				5225	'<code>black_color</code>' and '<code>white_color</code>' colors given (as
				5226	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				5227
				5228	<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <code>-level-colors</code>
				5229	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
				5230	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
				5231	adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
				5232
				5233	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<code>+level-colors</code>)
				5234	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
				5235	respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5236	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain grayscale image into a
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5237	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				5238
				5239	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				5240	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
				5241	respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
				5242	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				5243	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				5244	color (+ form). </p>
				5245
				5246
				5247	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5248	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="limit"></a>-limit <var>type value</var></h3>
				5249	</div>
				5250
				5251	<p class="magick-description">Set the pixel cache resource limit.</p>
				5252
Cristy	e09ed31	2016-03-06 08:07:39 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5253	<p>Choose from: <code>width</code>, <code>height</code>, <code>area</code>, <code>memory</code>, <code>map</code>, <code>disk</code>, <code>file</code>, <code>thread</code>, <code>throttle</code>, or <code>time</code>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5254
				5255	<p>The value for <code>file</code> is in number of files. The other limits are
				5256	in bytes. Define arguments for the memory, map, area, and disk resource limits
				5257	with SI prefixes (.e.g 100MB).</p>
				5258
				5259	<p>By default the limits are 768 files, 3GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 3GiB
				5260	memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the
				5261	available resources on your computer if this information is available. When
				5262	any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take
				5263	compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits
				5264	memory:</p>
				5265
				5266	<pre>
				5267	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
				5268	</pre>
				5269
				5270	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				5271
				5272	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5273	-> identify -list resource
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5274	Resource limits:
				5275	Width: 100MP
				5276	Height: 100MP
				5277	Area: 25.181GB
				5278	Memory: 11.726GiB
				5279	Map: 23.452GiB
				5280	Disk: unlimited
				5281	File: 768
				5282	Thread: 12
				5283	Throttle: 0
				5284	Time: unlimited
				5285	</pre>
				5286
				5287	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one
				5288	of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5289	disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5290	and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of
				5291	allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the
				5292	request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the
				5293	<code>area</code> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				5294
				5295	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical
				5296	image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in
				5297	memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the
				5298	<code>memory</code> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If
				5299	a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file
				5300	is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the
				5301	<code>map</code> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if
				5302	the resource request exceeds the <code>area</code> limit, the pixels are
				5303	automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program
				5304	fails.</p>
				5305
				5306	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource
				5307	limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax
				5308	your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process
				5309	images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all
				5310	or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows
				5311	other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under
				5312	these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick
				5313	workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For
				5314	example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from
				5315	the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10MiB of memory you can
				5316	simply set the area limit to 10MiB:</p>
				5317
				5318	<pre>
				5319	-limit area 10MB
				5320	</pre>
				5321
				5322	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically
				5323	cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images
				5324	typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can
				5325	be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users
				5326	might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk
				5327	limit as well:</p>
				5328
				5329	<pre>
				5330	-limit area 10MB -limit disk 500MB
				5331	</pre>
				5332
				5333	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				5334
				5335	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5336	with <a href="resources.html#environment" >environment variables</a>. Set the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5337	environment variables <code>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</code>,
				5338	<code>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</code>,
				5339	<code>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</code>,
				5340	<code>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</code> for limits of
				5341	image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads
				5342	of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				5343
				5344	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug cache</a> to
				5345	their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the
				5346	pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how
				5347	resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output
				5348	through <code>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</code> for more readable sifting.
				5349	</p>
				5350
				5351	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5352	Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="architecture.html#cache
				5353	">Architecture</a> page. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5354
				5355	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5356	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <var>black-point</var><br />-linear-stretch <var>black-point</var>{x<var>white-point</var>}{<var>%</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5357	</div>
				5358
				5359	<p class="magick-description">Linear with saturation stretch.</p>
				5360
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5361	<p>This is very similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5362	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5363	be stretched. However it then stretches those colors using the <a
				5364	href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5365
				5366	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				5367	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				5368	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				5369
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5370	<p>note however that a <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5371	'<code>0</code>' does nothing, while a value of '<code>1</code>' does a near
				5372	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				5373
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5374	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5375	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				5376
				5377	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				5378
				5379
				5380	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5381	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h3>
				5382	</div>
				5383
				5384	<p class="magick-description">the line width for subsequent draw operations.</p>
				5385
				5386	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5387	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <var>geometry</var></h3>
				5388	</div>
				5389
				5390	<p class="magick-description">rescale image with seam-carving.</p>
				5391
				5392	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5393
				5394	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5395	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="list"></a>-list <var>type</var></h3>
				5396	</div>
				5397
				5398	<p class="magick-description">Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</p>
				5399
				5400	<pre class="pre-scrollable">
				5401	Align
				5402	Alpha
				5403	Boolean
				5404	Cache
				5405	Channel
				5406	Class
				5407	ClipPath
				5408	Coder
				5409	Color
				5410	Colorspace
				5411	Command
				5412	Complex
				5413	Compose
				5414	Compress
				5415	Configure
				5416	DataType
				5417	Debug
				5418	Decoration
				5419	Delegate
				5420	Direction
				5421	Dispose
				5422	Distort
				5423	Dither
				5424	Endian
				5425	Evaluate
				5426	FillRule
				5427	Filter
				5428	Font
				5429	Format
				5430	Function
				5431	Gravity
				5432	Intensity
				5433	Intent
				5434	Interlace
				5435	Interpolate
				5436	Kernel
				5437	Layers
				5438	LineCap
				5439	LineJoin
				5440	List
				5441	Locale
				5442	LogEvent
				5443	Log
				5444	Magic
				5445	Method
				5446	Metric
				5447	Mime
				5448	Mode
				5449	Morphology
				5450	Module
				5451	Noise
				5452	Orientation
				5453	PixelIntensity
				5454	Policy
				5455	PolicyDomain
				5456	PolicyRights
				5457	Preview
				5458	Primitive
				5459	QuantumFormat
				5460	Resource
				5461	SparseColor
				5462	Statistic
				5463	Storage
				5464	Stretch
				5465	Style
				5466	Threshold
				5467	Type
				5468	Units
				5469	Validate
				5470	VirtualPixel
				5471	</pre>
				5472
				5473	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<code>-list
				5474	list</code>" to get a complete listing of all the "<code>-list</code>" arguments
				5475	available:</p>
				5476
				5477	<pre>
				5478	identify -list list
				5479	</pre>
				5480
				5481	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5482	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="log"></a>-log <var>string</var></h3>
				5483	</div>
				5484
				5485	<p class="magick-description">Specify format for debug log.</p>
				5486
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5487	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
				5488	href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5489
				5490	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
				5491	characters:</p>
				5492
				5493	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5494	<dt>%d</dt><dd>domain</dd>
				5495	<dt>%e</dt><dd>event</dd>
				5496	<dt>%f</dt><dd>function</dd>
				5497	<dt>%l</dt><dd>line</dd>
				5498	<dt>%m</dt><dd>module</dd>
				5499	<dt>%p</dt><dd>process ID</dd>
				5500	<dt>%r</dt><dd>real CPU time</dd>
				5501	<dt>%t</dt><dd>wall clock time</dd>
				5502	<dt>%u</dt><dd>user CPU time</dd>
				5503	<dt>%%</dt><dd>percent sign</dd>
				5504	<dt>\n</dt><dd>newline</dd>
				5505	<dt>\r</dt><dd>carriage return</dd>
				5506	</dl>
				5507
				5508	<p>For example:</p>
				5509
				5510	<pre>
				5511	convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png
				5512	</pre>
				5513
				5514	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				5515
				5516	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5517	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="loop"></a>-loop <var>iterations</var></h3>
				5518	</div>
				5519
				5520	<p class="magick-description">add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</p>
				5521
				5522	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
				5523	otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <var>iterations</var>
				5524	times.</p>
				5525
				5526	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5527	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <var>color</var></h3>
				5528	</div>
				5529
				5530	<p class="magick-description">when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p>
				5531
				5532	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5533	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="magnify"></a>-magnify</h3>
				5534	</div>
				5535
				5536	<p class="magick-description">double the size of the image with pixel art scaling.</p>
				5537
				5538
				5539	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5540	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="map"></a>-map <var>type</var></h3>
				5541	</div>
				5542
				5543	<p class="magick-description">Display image using this <var>type</var>.</p>
				5544
				5545	<p>Choose from these <var>Standard Colormap</var> types:</p>
				5546
				5547	<pre>
				5548	best
				5549	default
				5550	gray
				5551	red
				5552	green
				5553	blue
				5554	</pre>
				5555
				5556	<p>The <var>X server</var> must support the <var>Standard
				5557	Colormap</var> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <code>list</code> as
				5558	the type and <code>display</code> searches the list of colormap types in
				5559	<code>top-to-bottom</code> order until one is located. See <var>xstdcmap(1)</var> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
				5560
				5561
				5562	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5563	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="map_stream_"></a>-map <var>components</var></h3>
				5564	</div>
				5565
				5566	<p class="magick-description">pixel map.</p>
				5567
				5568	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				5569
				5570	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5571	<dt>r</dt><dd> red pixel component</dd>
				5572	<dt>g</dt><dd> green pixel component</dd>
				5573	<dt>b</dt><dd> blue pixel component</dd>
				5574	<dt>a</dt><dd> alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)</dd>
				5575	<dt>o</dt><dd> opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)</dd>
				5576	<dt>i</dt><dd> grayscale intensity pixel component</dd>
				5577	<dt>c</dt><dd> cyan pixel component</dd>
				5578	<dt>m</dt><dd> magenta pixel component</dd>
				5579	<dt>y</dt><dd> yellow pixel component</dd>
				5580	<dt>k</dt><dd> black pixel component</dd>
				5581	<dt>p</dt><dd> pad component (always 0)</dd>
				5582	</dl>
				5583
				5584	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
				5585	bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				5586
				5587
				5588	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5589	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mask"></a>-mask
				5590	<var>filename</var></h3>
				5591	</div>
				5592
				5593	<p class="magick-description">Prevent updates to image pixels specified by the mask.</p>
				5594
				5595	<p>This the same as using a mask used for composite masking operations, with
				5596	grayscale values causing blended updates of the image the mask is attached to.
				5597	</p>
				5598
				5599	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#mask">+mask</a> to remove the mask from images.</p>
				5600
				5601	<p>Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> which work in the same way,
				5602	but with strict boolean masking. </p>
				5603
				5604	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5605	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <var>color</var></h3>
				5606	</div>
				5607
				5608	<p class="magick-description">Specify the color to be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option.</p>
				5609
				5610	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5611
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5612	<p>The default matte color is <code>#BDBDBD</code>, <span
				5613	style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5614
				5615	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5616	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h3>
				5617	</div>
				5618
				5619	<p class="magick-description">return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</p>
				5620
				5621	<p>Select the 'maximum' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				5622
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5623	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5624	name. </p>
				5625
				5626	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5627	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="median"></a>-median <var>geometry</var></h3>
				5628	</div>
				5629
				5630	<p class="magick-description">apply a median filter to the image.</p>
				5631
				5632	<p>Select the 'middle' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				5633
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5634	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5635	name. </p>
				5636
				5637	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5638	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mean-shift"></a>-mean-shift <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+distance</var>{%}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5639	</div>
				5640
				5641	<p class="magick-description">image noise removal and color reduction/segmentation (e.g. -mean-shift 7x7+10%).</p>
				5642
				5643	<p><var>width</var>x<var>height</var> is the window size and <var>distance</var> is the color distance measured in the range 0 to 1 or 0 to 100%</p>
				5644
				5645	<p>The mean shift algorithm is iterative and thus slower the larger the window size. For each pixel, it gets all the pixels in the window centered at the pixel and excludes those that are outside the <var>radius=sqrt((width-1)(height-1)/4)</var> surrounding the pixel. From those pixels, it finds which of them are within the specified squared color distance from the current mean. It then computes a new x,y centroid from those coordinates and a new mean. This new x,y centroid is used as the center for a new window. This process is iterated until it converges and the final mean is then used to replace the original pixel value. It repeats this process for the next pixel, etc, until it processes all pixels in the image. Results are better when using other colorspaces rather than RGB. Recommend YIQ, YUV or YCbCr, which seem to give equivalent results.</p>
				5646
				5647	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5648	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="metric"></a>-metric <var>type</var></h3>
				5649	</div>
				5650
				5651	<p class="magick-description">Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <var>type</var> given metric.</p>
				5652
				5653	<p>Choose from:</p>
				5654
				5655	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5656	<dt>AE</dt><dd> absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)</dd>
				5657	<dt>FUZZ</dt><dd> mean color distance</dd>
				5658	<dt>MAE</dt><dd> mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance</dd>
				5659	<dt>MEPP</dt><dd> mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)</dd>
				5660	<dt>MSE</dt><dd> mean error squared, average of the channel error squared</dd>
				5661	<dt>NCC</dt><dd> normalized cross correlation</dd>
				5662	<dt>PAE</dt><dd> peak absolute (normalized peak absolute)</dd>
				5663	<dt>PHASH</dt><dd> perceptual hash</dd>
				5664	<dt>PSNR</dt><dd> peak signal to noise ratio</dd>
				5665	<dt>RMSE</dt><dd> root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)</dd>
				5666	</dl>
				5667
				5668	<p>Control the '<code>AE</code>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5669	with the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5670	only changed by a small amount). Use '<code>PAE</code>' to find the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5671	size of the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5672	'similar', while '<code>MAE</code>' determines the factor needed
				5673	for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
				5674
				5675	<p>The '<code>MEPP</code>' metric returns three different metrics
				5676	('<code>MAE</code>', '<code>MAE</code>' normalized, and '<code>PAE</code>'
				5677	normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
				5678
				5679	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				5680	metric</a> option.</p>
				5681
				5682
				5683	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5684	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h3>
				5685	</div>
				5686
				5687	<p class="magick-description">return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</p>
				5688
				5689	<p>Select the 'minimal' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				5690
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5691	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5692	name. </p>
				5693
				5694
				5695
				5696	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5697	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mode"></a>-mode <var>geometry</var></h3>
				5698	</div>
				5699
				5700	<p class="magick-description">make each pixel the \'predominant color\' of the neighborhood.'</p>
				5701
				5702	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5703	<h3 class="magick-header">-mode <var>value</var></h3>
				5704	</div>
				5705
				5706	<p class="magick-description">Mode of operation.</p>
				5707
				5708	<p>Choose the <var>value</var> from these styles: <code>Frame,
				5709	Unframe, or Concatenate</code></p>
				5710
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5711	<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list</a> option with a '<code>Mode</code>' argument
				5712	for a list of <a href="command-line-options.html#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5713	ImageMagick installation.</p>
				5714
				5715
				5716	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5717	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="modulate"></a>-modulate <var>brightness</var>[,<var>saturation</var>,<var>hue</var>]</h3>
				5718	</div>
				5719
				5720	<p class="magick-description">Vary the <var>brightness</var>, <var>saturation</var>, and <var>hue</var> of an image.</p>
				5721
				5722	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				5723	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
				5724
				5725	<p>The <var>brightness</var> is a multiplier of the overall
				5726	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				5727	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a> the image
				5728	before and after. </p>
				5729
				5730	<p>The <var>saturation</var> controls the amount of color in an
				5731	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				5732	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
				5733
				5734	<p>The <var>hue</var> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				5735	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				5736	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				5737	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				5738	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				5739	the original image. </p>
				5740
				5741	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5742	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				5743	href="command-line-options.html#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5744
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5745	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> attribute of '<code
				5746	>option:modulate:colorspace</code>' to specify which colorspace to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5747	modulate. Choose from <code>HCL</code>, <code>HCLp</code>, <code>HSB</code>, <code>HSI</code>, <code>HSL</code> (the default), <code>HSV</code>, <code>HWB</code>, or <code>LCH</code> (LCHuv). For example,</p>
				5748
				5749	<pre>
				5750	convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png
				5751	</pre>
				5752
				5753	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5754	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="moments"></a>-moments</h3>
				5755	</div>
				5756
				5757	<p class="magick-description">report image moments and perceptual hash.</p>
				5758
				5759
				5760	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5761	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h3>
				5762	</div>
				5763
				5764	<p class="magick-description">monitor progress.</p>
				5765
				5766
				5767	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5768	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h3>
				5769	</div>
				5770
				5771	<p class="magick-description">transform the image to black and white.</p>
				5772
				5773	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5774	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="morph"></a>-morph <var>frames</var></h3>
				5775	</div>
				5776
				5777	<p class="magick-description">morphs an image sequence.</p>
				5778
				5779	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				5780	appearance of a metamorphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5781	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				5782	href="command-line-options.html#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <var>frames</var>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5783	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				5784
				5785
				5786	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5787	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h3>
				5788	<h3 class="magick-header">-morphology <var>method</var> <var>kernel</var></h3>
				5789	</div>
				5790
				5791	<p class="magick-description">apply a morphology method to the image.</p>
				5792
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5793	<p>Until I get around to writing an option summary for this, see <a
				5794	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5795	Morphology</a>. </p>
				5796
				5797
				5798	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5799	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h3>
				5800	</div>
				5801
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5802	<p class="magick-description">an simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5803
				5804
				5805	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5806	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <var>radius</var><br />-motion-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>+<var>angle</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5807	</div>
				5808
				5809	<p class="magick-description">simulate motion blur.</p>
				5810
				5811	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				5812	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				5813	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5814
				5815	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
				5816	definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
				5817
				5818	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				5819	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				5820	</p>
				5821
				5822	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5823	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="name"></a>-name</h3>
				5824	</div>
				5825
				5826	<p class="magick-description">name an image.</p>
				5827	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5828	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="negate"></a>-negate</h3>
				5829	</div>
				5830
				5831	<p class="magick-description">replace each pixel with its complementary color.</p>
				5832
				5833	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes
				5834	black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">+negate</a> to only
				5835	negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				5836
				5837	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5838	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="noise"></a>-noise <var>geometry</var><br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5839	+noise <var>type</var></h3>
				5840	</div>
				5841
				5842	<p class="magick-description">Add or reduce noise in an image.</p>
				5843
				5844	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the
				5845	objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating
				5846	undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel
				5847	with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been
				5848	found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is
				5849	a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				5850
				5851	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise</a> <var>radius</var></code> to
				5852	specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise. This is equivalent
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5853	to using a <code><a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >-statistic</a> NonPeak</code> operation,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5854	which should be used in preference.</p>
				5855
				5856	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <var>type</var> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise
				5857	types:</p>
				5858
				5859	<pre>
				5860	Gaussian
				5861	Impulse
				5862	Laplacian
				5863	Multiplicative
				5864	Poisson
				5865	Random
				5866	Uniform
				5867	</pre>
				5868
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5869	<p>The amount of noise added can be controlled by the <code><a
				5870	href="command-line-options.html#attenuate" >-attenuate</a></code> setting. If unset the value is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5871	equivalent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition.</p>
				5872
				5873	<p>Note that Random will replace the image with noise rather than add noise to the image. Use Uniform, if you wish to add random noise to the image.</p>
				5874
				5875	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				5876
				5877	<p>Also see the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allows
				5878	the use of a controlling value to specify the amount of noise that should be
				5879	added to an image. </p>
				5880
				5881
				5882	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5883	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h3>
				5884	</div>
				5885
				5886	<p class="magick-description">Increase the contrast in an image by <var>stretching</var> the range of intensity values.</p>
				5887
				5888	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				5889	values. While doing so, black-out at most <var>2%</var> of the pixels and
				5890	white-out at most <var>1%</var> of the pixels.</p>
				5891
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5892	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				5893	is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				5894	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch"
				5895	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5896
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5897	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the same amount so as to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5898	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a>
				5899	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5900	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				5901
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5902	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details.
				5903	Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5904	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
				5905
				5906	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				5907
				5908
				5909	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5910	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="opaque"></a>-opaque <var>color</var></h3>
				5911	</div>
				5912
				5913	<p class="magick-description">change this color to the fill color within the image.</p>
				5914
				5915	<p>The <var>color</var> argument is defined using the format
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5916	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz"
				5917	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5918	given.</p>
				5919
				5920	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				5921	the target color. </p>
				5922
				5923	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5924	as <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5925	transparency rather than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				5926	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5927	channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</code>", for
				5928	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				5929	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5930
				5931
				5932	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5933	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <var>threshold_map</var>{,<var>level</var>...}</h3>
				5934	</div>
				5935
				5936	<p class="magick-description">dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <var>threshold map</var> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				5937	given number of <var>levels</var> per color channel.</p>
				5938
				5939	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				5940
				5941	<pre class="pre-scrollable">
				5942	threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
				5943	checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
				5944	o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
				5945	o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
				5946	o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
				5947	o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
				5948	h3x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
				5949	h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
				5950	h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
				5951	h3x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
				5952	h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
				5953	h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
				5954	h36x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
				5955	c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
				5956	c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
				5957	c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
				5958	c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
				5959	c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
				5960	c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
				5961	</pre>
				5962
				5963	<p> The <code>threshold</code> generated a simple 50% threshold of the image.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5964	This could be used with <var >level</var> to do the equivalent of <a
				5965	href="command-line-options.html#posterize" >-posterize</a> to reduce an image to basic primary colors.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5966	</p>
				5967
				5968	<p>The <code>checks</code> pattern produces a 3 level checkerboard dither
				5969	pattern. That is a grayscale will become a pattern of solid black, solid
				5970	white, and mid-tone colors into a checkerboard pattern of black and white.
				5971	</p>
				5972
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5973	<p>You can define your own <var >threshold map</var> for ordered
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5974	dithering and halftoning your images, in either personal or system
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5975	<code>thresholds.xml</code> XML file. See <a href="resources.html" >Resources</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5976	for more details of configuration files. </p>
				5977
				5978	<p>To print a complete list of the thresholds that have been defined, use the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5979	<a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list threshold</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5980
				5981	<p>Note that at this time the same threshold dithering map is used for all
				5982	color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for different
				5983	channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. Also as the maps are
				5984	simple threshold levels, the halftone and circle maps will create incomplete
				5985	circles along the edges of a colored area. Also all the effects are purely
				5986	on/off boolean effects, without anti-aliasing to make the circles smooth
				5987	looking. Large dots can be made to look better with a small amount of blurring
				5988	after being created. </p>
				5989
				5990
				5991	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5992	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="orient"></a>-orient <var>image orientation</var></h3>
				5993	</div>
				5994
				5995	<p class="magick-description">specify orientation of a digital camera image.</p>
				5996
				5997	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				5998
				5999	<pre>
				6000	bottom-left right-top
				6001	bottom-right top-left
				6002	left-bottom top-right
				6003	left-top undefined
				6004	right-bottom
				6005	</pre>
				6006
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6007	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6008	orientation</a> option.</p>
				6009
				6010
				6011	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6012	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="page"></a>-page <var>geometry</var><br/>
				6013	-page <var>media</var>[<var>offset</var>][{<var>^!<></var>}]<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6014	+page
				6015	</h3>
				6016	</div>
				6017
				6018	<p class="magick-description">Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</p>
				6019
				6020	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6021
				6022	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <var>media</var> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6023	<var>geometry</var> arguments (e.g. <a
				6024	href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> <code>Letter+43+43</code>).</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6025
				6026	<p>Use <var>media</var> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<var>width</var>x<var>height</var>) of the <var>PostScript</var> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels.
				6027	The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				6028
				6029	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				6030	<dt> 11x17 </dt> <dd> 792 x 1224</dd>
				6031	<dt> Ledger </dt> <dd> 1224 x 792</dd>
				6032	<dt> Legal </dt> <dd> 612 x 1008</dd>
				6033	<dt> Letter </dt> <dd> 612 x 792</dd>
				6034	<dt> LetterSmall</dt> <dd> 612 x 792</dd>
				6035	<dt> ArchE </dt> <dd> 2592 x 3456</dd>
				6036	<dt> ArchD </dt> <dd> 1728 x 2592</dd>
				6037	<dt> ArchC </dt> <dd> 1296 x 1728</dd>
				6038	<dt> ArchB </dt> <dd> 864 x 1296</dd>
				6039	<dt> ArchA </dt> <dd> 648 x 864</dd>
				6040	<dt> A0 </dt> <dd> 2380 x 3368</dd>
				6041	<dt> A1 </dt> <dd> 1684 x 2380</dd>
				6042	<dt> A2 </dt> <dd> 1190 x 1684</dd>
				6043	<dt> A3 </dt> <dd> 842 x 1190</dd>
				6044	<dt> A4 </dt> <dd> 595 x 842</dd>
				6045	<dt> A4Small </dt> <dd> 595 x 842</dd>
				6046	<dt> A5 </dt> <dd> 421 x 595</dd>
				6047	<dt> A6 </dt> <dd> 297 x 421</dd>
				6048	<dt> A7 </dt> <dd> 210 x 297</dd>
				6049	<dt> A8 </dt> <dd> 148 x 210</dd>
				6050	<dt> A9 </dt> <dd> 105 x 148</dd>
				6051	<dt> A10 </dt> <dd> 74 x 105</dd>
				6052	<dt> B0 </dt> <dd> 2836 x 4008</dd>
				6053	<dt> B1 </dt> <dd> 2004 x 2836</dd>
				6054	<dt> B2 </dt> <dd> 1418 x 2004</dd>
				6055	<dt> B3 </dt> <dd> 1002 x 1418</dd>
				6056	<dt> B4 </dt> <dd> 709 x 1002</dd>
				6057	<dt> B5 </dt> <dd> 501 x 709</dd>
				6058	<dt> C0 </dt> <dd> 2600 x 3677</dd>
				6059	<dt> C1 </dt> <dd> 1837 x 2600</dd>
				6060	<dt> C2 </dt> <dd> 1298 x 1837</dd>
				6061	<dt> C3 </dt> <dd> 918 x 1298</dd>
				6062	<dt> C4 </dt> <dd> 649 x 918</dd>
				6063	<dt> C5 </dt> <dd> 459 x 649</dd>
				6064	<dt> C6 </dt> <dd> 323 x 459</dd>
				6065	<dt> Flsa </dt> <dd> 612 x 936</dd>
				6066	<dt> Flse </dt> <dd> 612 x 936</dd>
				6067	<dt> HalfLetter </dt> <dd> 396 x 612</dd>
				6068	</dl>
				6069
				6070	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image
				6071	format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this
				6072	purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas
				6073	and are not affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To
				6074	position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a><var>{+-}x{+-}y</var> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG
				6075	file, a <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in
				6076	the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values
				6077	that are written in the <code>MHDR</code> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and
				6078	height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the
				6079	sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to
				6080	determine its dimensions.</p>
				6081
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6082	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a
				6083	href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <var>lower
				6084	left-hand corner</var> of the page by {+-}<code>x</code><var>offset</var>{+-}<code>y</code> <var>offset</var>. Use <a
				6085	href="command-line-options.html#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6086	page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the
				6087	page. The default gravity for the <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option is <var>NorthWest</var>, i.e., positive <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> <var>offset</var> are measured rightward and downward from the top left
				6088	corner of the page, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
				6089	present with a value other than <var>NorthWest</var>.</p>
				6090
				6091	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				6092
				6093	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a>.</p>
				6094
				6095	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				6096
				6097	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6098	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="paint"></a>-paint <var>radius</var></h3>
				6099	</div>
				6100
				6101	<p class="magick-description">simulate an oil painting.</p>
				6102
				6103	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular
				6104	neighborhood whose width is specified with <var>radius</var>.</p>
				6105
				6106	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6107	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="path"></a>-path <var>path</var></h3></div>
				6108
				6109	<p class="magick-description">write images to this path on disk.</p>
				6110
				6111	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6112	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <var>seconds</var></h3>
				6113	</div>
				6114
				6115	<p class="magick-description">Pause between animation loops</p>
				6116
				6117	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				6118
				6119	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6120	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <var>seconds</var></h3>
				6121	</div>
				6122
				6123	<p class="magick-description">Pause between snapshots.</p>
				6124
				6125	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				6126
				6127	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6128	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="perceptible"></a>-perceptible <var>epsilon</var></h3>
				6129	</div>
				6130
				6131	<p class="magick-description">set each pixel whose value is less than \|<var>epsilon</var>\| to <var>-epsilon</var> or <var>epsilon</var> (whichever is closer) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</p>
				6132
				6133	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6134	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="ping"></a>-ping</h3>
				6135	</div>
				6136
				6137	<p class="magick-description">efficiently determine image characteristics.</p>
				6138
				6139	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6140	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <var>value</var></h3>
				6141	</div>
				6142
				6143	<p class="magick-description">pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</p>
				6144
				6145	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6146	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <var>angle</var></h3>
				6147	</div>
				6148
				6149	<p class="magick-description">simulate a Polaroid picture.</p>
				6150
				6151	<p>Use <code>+polaroid</code> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				6152
				6153	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6154	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="poly"></a>-poly <var>"wt,exp ..."</var></h3>
				6155	</div>
				6156
				6157	<p class="magick-description">combines multiple images according to a weighted sum of polynomials; one floating point weight (coefficient) and one floating point polynomial exponent (power) for each image expressed as comma separated pairs.</p>
				6158
				6159	<p> The weights should typically be fractions between -1 and 1. But the sum of weights should be 1 or at least between 0 and 1 to avoid clamping in non-hdri mode at black and white.</p>
				6160
				6161	<p>The exponents may be positive, negative or zero. A negative exponent is equivalent to 1 divided by the image raised to the corresponding positive exponent. A zero exponent always produces 1 scaled by quantumrange to white, i.e. wt*white, no matter what the image.</p>
				6162
				6163	<p>The format is: <var>output = wt1image1^exp1 + wt2image2^exp2 </var>...</p>
				6164
				6165	<p>Some simple uses are:</p>
				6166	<ul>
				6167	<li>A weighted sum of each image provided all weights add to unity and all exponents=1. If the the weights are all equal to 1/(number of images), then this is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-evaluate-sequence</a> <var>mean</var>.</li>
				6168	<li>The sum of squares of two or more images, provided the weights are equal (and sum to 1 to avoid clamping) and the exponents equal 2.</li>
				6169	</ul>
				6170
				6171	<p>Note that one may add a constant color to the expression simply by using xc:somecolor for one of the images and specifying the desired weight and exponent equal to 0.</p>
				6172
				6173	<p>Similarly one may add white to the expression by simply using null: (or xc:white) for one of the images with the appropriate weight and exponent equal to 0.</p>
				6174
				6175
				6176	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6177	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="posterize"></a>-posterize <var>levels</var></h3>
				6178	</div>
				6179
				6180	<p class="magick-description">reduce the image to a limited number of color levels per channel.</p>
				6181
				6182	<p>Very low values of <var>levels</var>, e.g., 2, 3, 4, have the most
				6183	visible effect.</p>
				6184
				6185	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6186	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="precision"></a>-precision <var>value</var></h3>
				6187	</div>
				6188
				6189	<p class="magick-description">set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</p>
				6190
				6191	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6192	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="preview"></a>-preview <var>type</var></h3>
				6193	</div>
				6194
				6195	<p class="magick-description">image preview type.</p>
				6196
				6197	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g.
				6198	<code>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</code>). Choose from
				6199	these previews:</p>
				6200
				6201	<pre class="pre-scrollable">
				6202	AddNoise
				6203	Blur
				6204	Brightness
				6205	Charcoal
				6206	Despeckle
				6207	Dull
				6208	EdgeDetect
				6209	Gamma
				6210	Grayscale
				6211	Hue
				6212	Implode
				6213	JPEG
				6214	OilPaint
				6215	Quantize
				6216	Raise
				6217	ReduceNoise
				6218	Roll
				6219	Rotate
				6220	Saturation
				6221	Segment
				6222	Shade
				6223	Sharpen
				6224	Shear
				6225	Solarize
				6226	Spiff
				6227	Spread
				6228	Swirl
				6229	Threshold
				6230	Wave
				6231	</pre>
				6232
				6233	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				6234
				6235	<p>The default preview is <code>JPEG</code>.</p>
				6236
				6237	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6238	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="print"></a>-print <var>string</var></h3>
				6239	</div>
				6240
				6241	<p class="magick-description">interpret string and print to console.</p>
				6242
				6243	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6244	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="process"></a>-process <var>command</var></h3>
				6245	</div>
				6246
				6247	<p class="magick-description">process the image with a custom image filter.</p>
				6248
				6249	<p>The command arguments has the form <code>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ...
				6250	argN"</code> where <code>module</code> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g.
				6251	"Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to
				6252	pass to the process module.</p>
				6253
				6254	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6255	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="profile"></a>-profile <var>filename</var><br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6256	+profile <var>profile_name</var></h3>
				6257	</div>
				6258
				6259	<p class="magick-description">Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</p>
				6260
				6261	<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> <var>filename</var> adds an
				6262	ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile
				6263	to the image.</p>
				6264
				6265	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">+profile <var>profile_name</var></a> to
				6266	remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so
				6267	wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we
				6268	remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <code>+profile
				6269	"!xmp,*"</code>. </p>
				6270
				6271	<p>Use <code>identify -verbose</code> to find out which profiles are in the
				6272	image file. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and
				6273	comments).</p>
				6274
				6275	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option is not
				6276	used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <var>APP1, 8BIM, ICM,</var> or <var>IPTC</var>.</p>
				6277
				6278	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the
				6279	<var>APP1</var> profile), use.</p>
				6280
				6281	<pre>
				6282	convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif
				6283	</pre>
				6284
				6285	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6286	original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a
				6287	href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6288	therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the
				6289	command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is
				6290	CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				6291
				6292	<pre>
				6293	convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff
				6294	</pre>
				6295
				6296	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra
				6297	conversion steps can yield unwanted results. CMYK profiles are often very
				6298	asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				6299	</p>
				6300
				6301	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6302	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="quality"></a>-quality <var>value</var></h3>
				6303	</div>
				6304
				6305	<p class="magick-description">JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</p>
				6306
				6307	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and
				6308	highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression).
				6309	The default is to use the estimated quality of your input image if it can
				6310	be determined, otherwise 92. When the quality is greater than 90, then the
				6311	chroma channels are not downsampled.
				6312	Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the
				6313	factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
				6314
				6315	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear
				6316	equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This
				6317	non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by
				6318	the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy
				6319	compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
				6320
				6321	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib
				6322	compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). The default
				6323	PNG "quality" is 75, which means compression level 7 with adaptive PNG
				6324	filtering, unless the image has a color map, in which case it means
				6325	compression level 7 with no PNG filtering.</p>
				6326
				6327	<p>For compression level 0 (quality value less than 10), the Huffman-only
				6328	strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst
				6329	compression.</p>
				6330
				6331	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified PNG filter-type is used for
				6332	all scanlines:</p>
				6333
				6334	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				6335	<dt>0</dt><dd>none</dd>
				6336	<dt>1</dt><dd>sub</dd>
				6337	<dt>2</dt><dd>up</dd>
				6338	<dt>3</dt><dd>average</dd>
				6339	<dt>4</dt><dd>Paeth</dd>
				6340	</dl>
				6341
				6342	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater
				6343	than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is
				6344	used.</p>
				6345
				6346	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering
				6347	with <var>minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</var> is used.</p>
				6348
				6349	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color
				6350	transformation (intrapixel differencing) and adaptive filtering
				6351	with <var>minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</var> are used.</p>
				6352
				6353	<p>If the filter-type is 8 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy (or the
				6354	Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY strategy, when compression level is 0) is used with
				6355	adaptive PNG filtering.</p>
				6356
				6357	<p>If the filter-type is 9 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy (or the
				6358	Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY strategy, when compression level is 0) is used with
				6359	no PNG filtering.</p>
				6360
				6361	<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance or signature of PNG
				6362	and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				6363
				6364	<p>Not all combinations of compression level, strategy, and PNG filter type
				6365	can be obtained using the -quality option. For more precise control,
				6366	you can use the PNG:compression-level=N, PNG:compression-strategy=N, and
				6367	PNG:compression-filter=N defines, respectively, instead.
				6368	See <a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a>. Values from the defines take precedence
				6369	over values from the -quality option.</p>
				6370
				6371	<p>For further information, see
				6372	the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				6373
				6374	<p>For the MIFF and TIFF image formats, quality/10 is the <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">Zip/BZip</a> compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				6375
				6376	<p>For the BPG image format, quality/2 is the actual BPG compression level (range from 0 to 51).</p>
				6377
				6378	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6379	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="quantize"></a>-quantize <var>colorspace</var></h3>
				6380	</div>
				6381
				6382	<p class="magick-description">reduce colors using this colorspace.</p>
				6383
				6384	<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6385	of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
				6386	href="command-line-options.html#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reduction also happens
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6387	automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
				6388	GIF, and PNG8.</p>
				6389
				6390
				6391	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6392	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h3>
				6393	</div>
				6394
				6395	<p class="magick-description">suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</p>
				6396
				6397	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6398	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <var>angle</var></h3>
				6399	</div>
				6400
				6401	<p class="magick-description">Blur around the center of the image.</p>
				6402
				6403	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				6404	such actually mis-named. </p>
				6405
				6406	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				6407	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				6408	</p>
				6409
				6410
				6411	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6412	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="raise"></a>-raise <var>thickness</var></h3>
				6413	</div>
				6414
				6415	<p class="magick-description">Lighten or darken image edges.</p>
				6416
				6417	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> to create
				6418	a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">+raise</a>. </p>
				6419
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6420	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, <a
				6421	href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6422
				6423	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6424	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <var>low</var>x<var>high</var></h3>
				6425	</div>
				6426
				6427	<p class="magick-description">Apply a random threshold to the image.</p>
				6428
				6429	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6430	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <var>x,y</var></h3>
				6431	</div>
				6432
				6433	<p class="magick-description">Set the red chromaticity primary point.</p>
				6434
				6435	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6436	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h3>
				6437	</div>
				6438
				6439	<p class="magick-description">Pay attention to warning messages.</p>
				6440
				6441	<p>This option causes some warnings in some image formats to be treated
				6442	as errors. </p>
				6443
				6444	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6445	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="remap"></a>-remap <var>filename</var></h3>
				6446	</div>
				6447
				6448	<p class="magick-description">Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</p>
				6449
				6450	<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				6451	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				6452	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				6453
				6454	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				6455	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				6456	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				6457	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				6458	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				6459
				6460	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				6461	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				6462	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				6463	reducing those images using <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				6464	limit, then <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				6465	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				6466
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6467	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				6468	href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6469	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6470	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				6471	href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6472	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				6473
				6474	<p>Note, the remap image colormap has at most 8-bits of precision. Deeper color maps are automagically coalesced with other colors to meet this requirement.</p>
				6475
				6476	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6477	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="region"></a>-region <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6478	</div>
				6479
				6480	<p class="magick-description">Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</p>
				6481
				6482	<p>The <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are treated
				6483	in the same manner as in <a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				6484
				6485	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6486
				6487	<p>Use <code>+region</code> to remove any previously set regions.</p>
				6488
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6489	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6490	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="remote"></a>-remote</h3>
				6491	</div>
				6492
				6493	<p class="magick-description">perform a remote operation.</p>
				6494
				6495	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				6496
				6497	<p>If you have more than one <a href="display.html">display</a> application
				6498	running simultaneously, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#window"> window</a> option to
				6499	specify which application to control.</p>
				6500
				6501	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6502	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="render"></a>-render</h3>
				6503	</div>
				6504
				6505	<p class="magick-description">render vector operations.</p>
				6506
				6507	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations.
				6508	This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				6509
				6510	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6511	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="repage"></a>-repage <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6512	</div>
				6513
				6514	<p class="magick-description">Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</p>
				6515
				6516	<p>This option is like <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				6517	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				6518	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				6519
				6520	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6521
				6522	<p>If a <code>!</code> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				6523	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				6524	animation sequences. </p>
				6525
				6526	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<code>0x0</code>' forces it to
				6527	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				6528	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				6529
				6530	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				6531	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				6532
				6533	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>page</code>' option can be used to
				6534	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				6535
				6536
				6537	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6538	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="resample"></a>-resample <var>horizontal</var>x<var>vertical</var></h3>
				6539	</div>
				6540
				6541	<p class="magick-description">Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</p>
				6542
				6543	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original
				6544	at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at
				6545	3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to
				6546	72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that
				6547	only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of
				6548	storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6549	resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a
				6550	href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6551	resample resolution.</p>
				6552
				6553	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary
				6554	embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will
				6555	continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image
				6556	resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				6557
				6558	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6559	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="resize"></a>-resize <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6560	</div>
				6561
				6562	<p class="magick-description">Resize an image.</p>
				6563
				6564	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				6565	ignored, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				6566
				6567	<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> option
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6568	or <code>-define filter:option=value</code> precedes the <a
				6569	href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6570	filter.</p>
				6571
				6572	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light
				6573	coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma
				6574	correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				6575
				6576	<pre>
				6577	convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \
				6578	-quality 92 passport.jpg
				6579	</pre>
				6580
				6581	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6582	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h3>
				6583	</div>
				6584
				6585	<p class="magick-description">settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</p>
				6586
				6587	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6588	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h3>
				6589	</div>
				6590
				6591	<p class="magick-description">Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</p>
				6592
				6593
				6594	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6595	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="roll"></a>-roll {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var></h3>
				6596	</div>
				6597
				6598	<p class="magick-description">roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</p>
				6599
				6600	<p>A negative <var>x</var> offset rolls the image right-to-left.
				6601	A negative <var>y</var> offset rolls the image bottom-to-top.</p>
				6602
				6603
				6604	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6605	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="rotate"></a>-rotate <var>degrees</var>{<var><</var>}{<var>></var>}</h3>
				6606	</div>
				6607
				6608	<p class="magick-description">Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</p>
				6609
				6610	<p>Use <code>></code> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the
				6611	height. <code><</code> rotates the image <var>only</var> if its width is less
				6612	than the height. For example, if you specify <code>-rotate "-90>"</code> and
				6613	the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is
				6614	640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <code>></code> or
				6615	<code><</code>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being
				6616	misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				6617
				6618	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				6619	filled with the <code>background</code> color. </p>
				6620
				6621	<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				6622	'<code>ScaleRotateTranslate</code>' distort method. </p>
				6623
				6624
				6625	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6626	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sample"></a>-sample <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6627	</div>
				6628
				6629	<p class="magick-description">minify / magnify the image with pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</p>
				6630
				6631	<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
				6632	from the image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When
				6633	minifying, pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped
				6634	over). </p>
				6635
				6636	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
				6637	a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>point</code> (nearest
				6638	neighbor), though <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
				6639	avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
				6640	the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				6641
				6642	<p>The key feature of the <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
				6643	will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
				6644
				6645	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				6646	ignored, unlike <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
				6647
				6648
				6649	<p>The actual sampling point is the middle of the sub-region being sampled.
				6650	As such a single pixel sampling of an image will take the middle pixel, (or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6651	top-left-middle if image has even dimensions). However the <a
				6652	href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> '<code>sample:offset</code>' can be set to modify
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6653	this position some other location within each sub-region being sampled, as
				6654	a percentage offset.</p>
				6655
				6656	<p>By default this value is '<code>50</code>' for the midpoint, but could be set
				6657	to '<code>0</code>' for top-left, '<code>100</code>' for bottom-right, or with
				6658	separate X and Y offsets such as '<code>0x50</code>' for left-middle edge of
				6659	sampling sub-region.</p>
				6660
				6661
				6662	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6663	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <var>horizontal-factor</var>x<var>vertical-factor</var></h3>
				6664	</div>
				6665
				6666	<p class="magick-description">sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</p>
				6667
				6668	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder
				6669	for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use
				6670	its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6671	writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a
				6672	href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a
				6673	href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6674	downsampling method.</p>
				6675
				6676	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6677	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="scale"></a>-scale <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6678	</div>
				6679
				6680	<p class="magick-description">minify / magnify the image with pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</p>
				6681
				6682	<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
				6683	together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifying. </p>
				6684
				6685	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
				6686	a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>box</code>. Though it is a lot
				6687	faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
				6688	completely ignores the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				6689
				6690	<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
				6691	multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels averaged together to
				6692	produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
				6693	a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
				6694	noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
				6695	light conditions. </p>
				6696
				6697
				6698	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6699	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="scene"></a>-scene <var>value</var></h3>
				6700	</div>
				6701
				6702	<p class="magick-description">set scene number.</p>
				6703
				6704	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				6705
				6706	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6707	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="screen"></a>-screen</h3>
				6708	</div>
				6709
				6710	<p class="magick-description">specify the screen to capture.</p>
				6711
				6712	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image
				6713	should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified
				6714	window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the
				6715	specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups
				6716	that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				6717
				6718	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6719	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="seed"></a>-seed</h3>
				6720	</div>
				6721
				6722	<p class="magick-description">seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</p>
				6723
				6724	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6725	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="segment"></a>-segment <var>cluster-threshold</var>x<var>smoothing-threshold</var></h3>
				6726	</div>
				6727
				6728	<p class="magick-description">segment the colors of an image.</p>
				6729
				6730	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and
				6731	identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This
				6732	is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				6733
				6734	<p>Specify <var>cluster threshold</var> as the number of pixels in
				6735	each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid.
				6736	<var>Smoothing threshold</var> eliminates noise in the second
				6737	derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect
				6738	a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				6739
				6740	<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				6741	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				6742
				6743
				6744	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6745	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <var>radius</var><br />-selective-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6746	</div>
				6747
				6748	<p class="magick-description">Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</p>
				6749
				6750	<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in
				6751	contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <var>QuantumRange</var> or as a percentage.</p>
				6752
				6753	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6754	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="separate"></a>-separate</h3>
				6755	</div>
				6756
				6757	<p class="magick-description">separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>.</p>
				6758
				6759	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6760	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <var>percent-threshold</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6761	</div>
				6762
				6763	<p class="magick-description">simulate a sepia-toned photo.</p>
				6764
				6765	<p>Specify <var>threshold</var> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				6766
				6767	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect
				6768	achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <var>QuantumRange</var> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia
				6769	toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable
				6770	tone.</p>
				6771
				6772
				6773
				6774	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6775	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="set"></a>-set <var>key value</var></h3>
				6776	<h3 class="magick-header">+set <var>key</var></h3>
				6777	</div>
				6778
				6779	<p class="magick-description">sets image attributes and properties for images in the current image sequence.</p>
				6780
				6781	<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
				6782	in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="command-line-options.html#set">+set</a> form of the
				6783	option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
				6784	appropriate. </p>
				6785
				6786	<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6787	'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
				6788	href="command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
				6789	href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6790	assigned before the image is read in, by using a <var>key</var> of
				6791	the same name. </p>
				6792
				6793	<p>If the given <var>key</var> does not match a specific known
				6794	'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6795	'property' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose"
				6796	>-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format) as "Properties".
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6797	</p>
				6798
				6799	<p>This includes string 'properties' that are set by and assigned to images
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6800	using the options <a href="command-line-options.html#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#label"
				6801	>-label</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
				6802	a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="escape.html" >Format Percent
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6803	Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
				6804
				6805	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6806	-> convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6807	identify -format %c rose.png
				6808	Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose
				6809	</pre>
				6810
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6811	<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="escape.html" >Format and Print Image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6812	Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
				6813
				6814	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6815	-> convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6816	-format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:
				6817	Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23
				6818	</pre>
				6819
				6820	<p>Other well known 'properties' that are available include:
				6821	'<code>date:create</code>' and '<code>date:modify</code>' and
				6822	'<code>signature</code>'. </p>
				6823
				6824	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
				6825	the '<code>page</code>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
				6826	see <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
				6827	control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set page</a>
				6828	option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<code>page</code>'
				6829	attribute. </p>
				6830
				6831	<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
				6832	For example,</p>
				6833
				6834	<pre>
				6835	convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd
				6836	</pre>
				6837
				6838	<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
				6839	example only 'properties' prefixed with "<code>filename:</code>" can be used to
				6840	modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
				6841
				6842	<pre>
				6843	convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'
				6844	</pre>
				6845
				6846	<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<code>option:</code>" the setting will
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6847	be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
				6848	href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are global in scope, they
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6849	can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properties' of one specific image,
				6850	in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
				6851	the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
				6852
				6853	<pre>
				6854	convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \
				6855	label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif"
				6856	</pre>
				6857
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6858	<p>Note that <a href="escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6859	a 'artifact' if the given <var>key</var> does not match an existing
				6860	'attribute' or 'property'. </p>
				6861
				6862	<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
				6863	with <code>registry:</code>.</p>
				6864
				6865	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set profile</a> option can also be used to inject
				6866	previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
				6867	the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a
				6868	programming interface:</p>
				6869
				6870	<pre>
				6871	convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename> out.png
				6872	</pre>
				6873
				6874	<p>where <var>x</var> is a location flag and
				6875	<var>filename</var> is a file containing the chunk
				6876	name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data.
				6877	This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not
				6878	be included in the file.</p>
				6879
				6880	<p>"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT),
				6881	or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks
				6882	of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent
				6883	subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,</p>
				6884
				6885
				6886	<pre>
				6887	convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 \
				6888	-profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02 out.png
				6889	</pre>
				6890
				6891	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6892	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shade"></a>-shade <var>azimuth</var>x<var>elevation</var></h3>
				6893	</div>
				6894
				6895	<p class="magick-description">shade the image using a distant light source.</p>
				6896
				6897	<p>Specify <var>azimuth</var> and <var>elevation</var> as
				6898	the position of the light source. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#shade">+shade</a> to return
				6899	the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				6900
				6901	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6902	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shadow"></a>-shadow <var>percent-opacity</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				6903	</div>
				6904
				6905	<p class="magick-description">simulate an image shadow.</p>
				6906
				6907	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6908	<h3 class="magick-header"><a
				6909	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6910	</div>
				6911
				6912	<p class="magick-description">use shared memory.</p>
				6913
				6914	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared
				6915	memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support,
				6916	and the display must support the <var>MIT-SHM</var> extension.
				6917	Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <code>True</code>.</p>
				6918
				6919	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6920	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <var>radius</var><br />-sharpen <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6921	</div>
				6922
				6923	<p class="magick-description">sharpen the image.</p>
				6924
				6925	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				6926
				6927	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6928	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shave"></a>-shave <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6929	</div>
				6930
				6931	<p class="magick-description">Shave pixels from the image edges.</p>
				6932
				6933	<p>The <var>size</var> portion of the <var>geometry</var>
				6934	argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of
				6935	the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom.
				6936	Offsets are ignored.</p>
				6937
				6938	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6939
				6940	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6941	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shear"></a>-shear <var>Xdegrees</var>[x<var>Ydegrees</var>]</h3>
				6942	</div>
				6943
				6944	<p class="magick-description">Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</p>
				6945
				6946	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <var>Ydegrees</var> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are
				6947	given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical
				6948	component.</p>
				6949
				6950	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e.,
				6951	horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount
				6952	of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears,
				6953	<var>Xdegrees</var> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the
				6954	negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<var>Xdegrees</var><90° and to the left when 90°<<var>Xdegrees</var><180°. For vertical shears <var>Ydegrees</var> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the
				6955	positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<var>Ydegrees</var><90° and up when 90°<<var>Ydegrees</var><180°.</p>
				6956
				6957	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color
				6958	defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified
				6959	using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				6960
				6961	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is
				6962	important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not
				6963	<var>commute</var>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For
				6964	example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				6965
				6966	<pre>
				6967	convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png
				6968	convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png
				6969	</pre>
				6970
				6971	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except
				6972	for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates
				6973	a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				6974
				6975	<pre>
				6976	convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png
				6977	</pre>
				6978
				6979	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6980	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <var>contrast</var>x<var>mid-point</var></h3>
				6981	</div>
				6982
				6983	<p class="magick-description">increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</p>
				6984
				6985	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function
				6986	without saturating highlights or shadows. <var>Contrast</var>
				6987	indicates how much to increase the contrast. For example, 0 is none, 3 is
				6988	typical and 20 is a lot.
				6989	</p>
				6990
				6991	<p>The <var>mid-point</var> indicates where the maximum change
				6992	'slope' in contrast should fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is
				6993	middle-gray; 100% is black). </p>
				6994
				6995	<p>By default the image contrast is increased, use <var>+sigmoidal-contrast</var> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				6996
				6997	<p>To achieve the equivalent of a sigmoidal brightness change (similar to
				6998	a gamma adjustment), you would use <var>-sigmoidal-contrast
				6999	{brightness}x0%</var> to increase brightness and <var>+sigmoidal-contrast {brightness}x0%</var> to decrease brightness.
				7000	Note the use of '0' fo rthe mid-point of the sigmoidal curve. </p>
				7001
				7002	<p>Using a very high <var>contrast</var> will produce a sort of
				7003	'smoothed thresholding' of the image. Not as sharp (with high aliasing
				7004	effects) of a true threshold, but with tapered gray-levels around the threshold
				7005	<var>mid-point</var>. </p>
				7006
				7007	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7008	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="silent"></a>-silent</h3>
				7009	</div>
				7010
				7011	<p class="magick-description">operate silently.</p>
				7012
				7013	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7014	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="similarity-threshold"></a>-similarity-threshold <var>value</var></h3>
				7015	</div>
				7016
				7017	<p class="magick-description">minimum RMSE for subimage match.</p>
				7018
				7019	<p>If this setting is used, then the search will stop as soon as it finds a match whose metric is less than or equal to the value. A partially filled second output image will result. Using a value of zero, will cause the search to stop at the first perfect match it finds. If this setting is left off, then the search will proceed to completion or as limited by <var>-dissimilarity-threshold</var>.</p>
				7020
				7021	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7022	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="size"></a>-size <var>width</var>[x<var>height</var>][<var>+offset</var>]</h3>
				7023	</div>
				7024
				7025	<p class="magick-description">set the width and height of the image.</p>
				7026
				7027	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose
				7028	dimensions are unknown such as <code>GRAY</code>, <code>RGB</code>, or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7029	<code>CMYK</code>. In addition to width and height, use <a
				7030	href="command-line-options.html#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7031	image or tell the number of colors in a <code>MAP</code> image file, (e.g. -size
				7032	640x512+256).</p>
				7033
				7034	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				7035
				7036	<pre>
				7037	192x128
				7038	384x256
				7039	768x512
				7040	1536x1024
				7041	3072x2048
				7042	</pre>
				7043
				7044	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7045	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sketch"></a>-sketch <var>radius</var><br />-sketch <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>+<var>angle</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7046	</div>
				7047
				7048	<p class="magick-description">simulate a pencil sketch.</p>
				7049
				7050	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				7051	angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the
				7052	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				7053
				7054	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7055	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="smush"></a>-smush <var>offset</var></h3>
				7056	</div>
				7057
				7058	<p class="magick-description">smush an image sequence together.</p>
				7059
				7060	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7061	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="snaps"></a>-snaps <var>value</var></h3>
				7062	</div>
				7063
				7064	<p class="magick-description">Set the number of screen snapshots.</p>
				7065
				7066	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				7067
				7068	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7069	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="solarize"></a>-solarize <var>percent-threshold</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7070	</div>
				7071
				7072	<p class="magick-description">negate all pixels above the threshold level.</p>
				7073
				7074	<p>Specify <var>factor</var> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				7075
				7076	<p>This option produces a <var>solarization</var> effect seen when
				7077	exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				7078
				7079	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7080	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <var>method</var> '<var>x</var>,<var>y</var> <var>color</var> ...'</h3>
				7081	</div>
				7082
				7083	<p class="magick-description"> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </p>
				7084
				7085
				7086	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7087	<dt>barycentric</dt>
				7088	<dd>three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				7089	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				7090	The gradient generated extends beyond the triangle created by those
				7091	3 points. </dd>
				7092	<dt>bilinear</dt>
				7093	<dd>Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				7094	fall back to barycentric. </dd>
				7095	<dt>voronoi</dt>
				7096	<dd>Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				7097	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </dd>
				7098	<dt>manhatten</dt>
				7099	<dd>Like voronoi, but resulting polygonal 'cells' are mapped to a fixed coordinate system.</dd>
				7100	<dt>shepards</dt>
				7101	<dd>Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
				7102	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				7103	colors. </dd>
				7104	<dt>inverse</dt>
				7105	<dd>Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance.
				7106	This generates sharper points of color rather than rounded spots of
				7107	'<code>shepards</code>' Generating spots of color in a sea of the
				7108	average of colors. </dd>
				7109	</dl>
				7110
				7111	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7112	canvas (<a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >-repage</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7113	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				7114	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				7115	</p>
				7116
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7117	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> are
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7118	modified, which means that by default matte/alpha transparency channel is not
				7119	effected. Typically transparency channel is turned off either before or after
				7120	the operation. </p>
				7121
				7122	<p>Of course if some color points are transparent to generate a transparent
				7123	gradient, then the image also requires transparency enabled to store the
				7124	values. </p>
				7125
				7126	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				7127	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				7128	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor an image to some
				7129	default value. </p>
				7130
				7131
				7132	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7133	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="splice"></a>-splice <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7134	</div>
				7135
				7136	<p class="magick-description">Splice the current background color into the image.</p>
				7137
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7138	<p>This will add rows and columns of the current <a
				7139	href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color into the given image according to the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7140	given <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> geometry setting. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Essentially <a href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> will divide the
				7141	image into four quadrants, separating them by the inserted rows and columns.
				7142	</p>
				7143
				7144	<p>If a dimension of geometry is zero no rows or columns will be added for that
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7145	dimension. Similarly using a zero offset with the appropriate <a
				7146	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting will add rows and columns to the edges of
				7147	the image, padding the image only along that one edge. Edge padding is what <a
				7148	href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> is most commonly used for. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7149
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7150	<p>If the exact same <var>geometry</var> and <a
				7151	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is later used with <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7152	added added all splices removed. </p>
				7153
				7154	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7155	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="spread"></a>-spread <var>amount</var></h3>
				7156	</div>
				7157
				7158	<p class="magick-description">displace image pixels by a random amount.</p>
				7159
				7160	<p>The argument <var>amount</var> defines the size of the
				7161	neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to
				7162	blend.</p>
				7163
				7164	<p>The lookup is controlled by the <a href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting.</p>
				7165
				7166	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7167	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="statistic"></a>-statistic <var>type</var> <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7168	</div>
				7169
				7170	<p class="magick-description">replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</p>
				7171
				7172	<p>Choose from these statistic types:</p>
				7173	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7174	<dt>Gradient</dt><dd>maximum difference (max - min) value in neighborhood</dd>
				7175	<dt>Maximum</dt><dd>maximum value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7176	<dt>Minimum</dt><dd>minimum value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7177	<dt>Mean</dt><dd>average value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7178	<dt>Median</dt><dd>median value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7179	<dt>Mode</dt><dd>mode (most frequent) value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7180	<dt>Nonpeak</dt><dd>value just before or after the median value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7181	<dt>RMS</dt><dd>root mean square value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7182	<dt>StandardDeviation</dt><dd> standard deviation value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7183	</dl>
				7184
				7185	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7186	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stegano"></a>-stegano <var>offset</var></h3>
				7187	</div>
				7188
				7189	<p class="magick-description">hide watermark within an image.</p>
				7190
				7191	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the
				7192	beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need
				7193	this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size
				7194	320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				7195
				7196	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7197	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stereo"></a>-stereo <var>+x</var>{<var>+y</var>}</h3>
				7198	</div>
				7199
				7200	<p class="magick-description">composite two images to create a red / cyan stereo anaglyph.</p>
				7201
				7202	<p>The left side of the stereo pair (second image) is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side (first image) is saved as the green and blue channels. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				7203
				7204	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7205	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <var>type</var></h3>
				7206	</div>
				7207
				7208	<p class="magick-description">pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</p>
				7209
				7210	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7211	<dt>char</dt><dd>unsigned characters</dd>
				7212	<dt>double</dt><dd>doubles</dd>
				7213	<dt>float</dt><dd>floats</dd>
				7214	<dt>integer</dt><dd>integers</dd>
				7215	<dt>long</dt><dd>longs</dd>
				7216	<dt>quantum</dt><dd>pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution</dd>
				7217	<dt>short</dt><dd>unsigned shorts</dd>
				7218	</dl>
				7219
				7220	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				7221	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				7222
				7223	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7224	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stretch"></a>-stretch <var>fontStretch</var></h3>
				7225	</div>
				7226
				7227	<p class="magick-description">Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</p>
				7228
				7229	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to
				7230	apply to the currently selected font family. Select <var>fontStretch</var> from the following.</p>
				7231
				7232	<pre>
				7233	Any
				7234	Condensed
				7235	Expanded
				7236	ExtraCondensed
				7237	ExtraExpanded
				7238	Normal
				7239	SemiCondensed
				7240	SemiExpanded
				7241	UltraCondensed
				7242	UltraExpanded
				7243	</pre>
				7244
				7245	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				7246	stretch</a>.</p>
				7247
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7248	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				7249	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
				7250	href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7251
				7252	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7253	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="strip"></a>-strip</h3>
				7254	</div>
				7255
				7256	<p class="magick-description">strip the image of any profiles or comments.</p>
				7257
				7258	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7259	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stroke"></a>-stroke <var>color</var></h3>
				7260	</div>
				7261
				7262	<p class="magick-description">color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</p>
				7263
				7264	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				7265
				7266	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				7267
				7268	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7269	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <var>value</var></h3>
				7270	</div>
				7271
				7272	<p class="magick-description">set the stroke width.</p>
				7273
				7274	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				7275
				7276	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7277	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="style"></a>-style <var>fontStyle</var></h3>
				7278	</div>
				7279
				7280	<p class="magick-description">Set a font style for text.</p>
				7281
				7282	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				7283	the currently selected font family. Select <var>fontStyle</var> from
				7284	the following.</p>
				7285
				7286	<pre>
				7287	Any
				7288	Italic
				7289	Normal
				7290	Oblique
				7291	</pre>
				7292
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7293	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				7294	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
				7295	href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7296
				7297	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7298	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h3>
				7299	</div>
				7300
				7301	<p class="magick-description">search for subimage.</p>
				7302
				7303	<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
				7304	of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
				7305	(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will
				7306	be the "match score" image.</p>
				7307
				7308	<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible
				7309	position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
				7310	be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
				7311	this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
				7312	reported. Note that this may or may not be a perfect match, and the actual
				7313	brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
				7314	possible matching locations. </p>
				7315
				7316	<p>Note that the search will try to compare the sub-image at every possible
				7317	location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
				7318	sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
				7319
				7320
				7321	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7322	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="swap"></a>-swap <var>index,index</var></h3>
				7323	</div>
				7324
				7325	<p class="magick-description">Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</p>
				7326
				7327	<p>For example, <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
				7328	images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">+swap</a> to switch
				7329	the last two images in the sequence.</p>
				7330
				7331	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7332	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="swirl"></a>-swirl <var>degrees</var></h3>
				7333	</div>
				7334
				7335	<p class="magick-description">swirl image pixels about the center.</p>
				7336
				7337	<p><var>Degrees</var> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				7338
				7339	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7340	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="synchronize"></a>-synchronize</h3>
				7341	</div>
				7342
				7343	<p class="magick-description">synchronize image to storage device.</p>
				7344
				7345	<p>Set to "true" to ensure all image data is fully flushed and synchronized
				7346	to disk. There is a performance penalty, but the benefits include ensuring a
				7347	valid image file in the event of a system crash and early reporting if there
				7348	is not enough disk space for the image pixel cache.</p>
				7349
				7350	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7351	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="taint"></a>-taint</h3>
				7352	</div>
				7353
				7354	<p class="magick-description">Mark the image as modified.</p>
				7355
				7356	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7357	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="text-font"></a>-text-font <var>name</var></h3>
				7358	</div>
				7359
				7360	<p class="magick-description">font for writing fixed-width text.</p>
				7361
				7362	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style)
				7363	formatted text. The default is 14 point <var>Courier</var>.</p>
				7364
				7365	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or
				7366	OPTION1 font. For example, <code>Courier.ttf</code> is a TrueType font and
				7367	<code>x:fixed</code> is OPTION1.</p>
				7368
				7369	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7370	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="texture"></a>-texture <var>filename</var></h3>
				7371	</div>
				7372
				7373	<p class="magick-description">name of texture to tile onto the image background.</p>
				7374
				7375	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7376	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="threshold"></a>-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				7377	</div>
				7378
				7379	<!-- {<var>green,blue,opacity</var>}
				7380	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as
				7381	the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is
				7382	a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used
				7383	and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				7384	-->
				7385
				7386	<p class="magick-description">Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</p>
				7387
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7388	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7389	maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				7390
				7391	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
				7392	value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer,
				7393	the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels
				7394	are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the
				7395	<code>quantum depth</code> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is
				7396	therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable
				7397	recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as
				7398	a percentage. </p>
				7399
				7400	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100%
				7401	red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red
				7402	channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged.
				7403	</p>
				7404
				7405	<pre>
				7406	convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png
				7407	</pre>
				7408
				7409	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would
				7410	generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the
				7411	input image.</p>
				7412
				7413
				7414	<pre>
				7415	convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png
				7416	convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png
				7417	</pre>
				7418
				7419	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				7420	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				7421
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7422	<p> See also <a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7423	</p>
				7424
				7425	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7426	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7427	</div>
				7428
				7429	<p class="magick-description">Create a thumbnail of the image.</p>
				7430
				7431	<p>This is similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized
				7432	for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7433	reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a
				7434	href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7435
				7436	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				7437
				7438	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7439	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="tile"></a>-tile <var>filename</var></h3>
				7440	</div>
				7441
				7442	<p class="magick-description">Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</p>
				7443
				7444	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7445	<h3 class="magick-header">-tile <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7446	</div>
				7447
				7448	<p class="magick-description">Specify the layout of images.</p>
				7449
				7450	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				7451
				7452	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7453	<h3 class="magick-header">-tile</h3>
				7454	</div>
				7455
				7456	<p class="magick-description">Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</p>
				7457
				7458	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7459	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var></h3>
				7460	</div>
				7461
				7462	<p class="magick-description">Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</p>
				7463
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7464	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="command-line-options.html#tile"
				7465	>-tile</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7466	creating a tiled canvas using <code>TILE:</code> or <code>PATTERN:</code> input
				7467	formats. </p>
				7468
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7469	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="command-line-options.html#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7470	by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				7471
				7472	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7473	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="tint"></a>-tint <var>value</var></h3>
				7474	</div>
				7475
				7476	<p class="magick-description">Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				7477
				7478	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				7479
				7480	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black,
				7481	white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such
				7482	as the various shades of grey.</p>
				7483
				7484	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7485	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="title"></a>-title <var>string</var></h3>
				7486	</div>
				7487
				7488	<p class="magick-description">Assign a title to displayed image.", "animate", "display", "montage</p>
				7489
				7490	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to
				7491	the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar.
				7492	Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data,
				7493	or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described
				7494	under the <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				7495
				7496	<p>For example,</p>
				7497
				7498	<pre>
				7499	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				7500	</pre>
				7501
				7502	<p>produces an image title of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> for an image
				7503	titled <code>bird.miff</code> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				7504
				7505
				7506	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7507	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transform"></a>-transform</h3>
				7508	</div>
				7509
				7510	<p class="magick-description">transform the image.</p>
				7511
				7512	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				7513
				7514	<pre>
				7515	convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg
				7516	</pre>
				7517
				7518
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7519	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				7520	href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> '<code>AffineProjection</code>' method. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7521
				7522
				7523	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7524	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transparent"></a>-transparent <var>color</var></h3>
				7525	</div>
				7526
				7527	<p class="magick-description">Make this color transparent within the image.</p>
				7528
				7529	<p>The <var>color</var> argument is defined using the format
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7530	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz"
				7531	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7532	given. </p>
				7533
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7534	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7535	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				7536
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7537	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
				7538	href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7539	current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7540	However the <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				7541	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha"
				7542	>-alpha</a> set</code>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				7543	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7544
				7545	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7546	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				7547	href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7548
				7549
				7550	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7551	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <var>color</var></h3>
				7552	</div>
				7553
				7554	<p class="magick-description">Set the transparent color.</p>
				7555
				7556	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				7557	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				7558	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7559	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				7560	href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7561
				7562	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				7563	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				7564	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				7565	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				7566	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				7567	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				7568	type. </p>
				7569
				7570	<p>The default transparent color is <code>#00000000</code>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				7571
				7572	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7573	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h3>
				7574	</div>
				7575
				7576	<p class="magick-description">Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</p>
				7577
				7578	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <code>-flip -rotate 90</code>.
				7579	</p>
				7580
				7581	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7582	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h3>
				7583	</div>
				7584
				7585	<p class="magick-description">Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <code>-flop -rotate 90</code>.</p>
				7586
				7587
				7588	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7589	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <var>value</var></h3>
				7590	</div>
				7591
				7592	<p class="magick-description">tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				7593
				7594	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes
				7595	the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				7596
				7597	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source
				7598	image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory.
				7599	However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the
				7600	best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7601	the <a href="quantize.html"
				7602	>color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7603
				7604	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a>
				7605	option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is
				7606	required for this option to take effect.</p>
				7607
				7608	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7609	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="trim"></a>-trim</h3>
				7610	</div>
				7611
				7612	<p class="magick-description">trim an image.</p>
				7613
				7614	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner
				7615	pixels. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> remove
				7616	edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				7617
				7618	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				7619	you to extract the result of the <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				7620	image. Use a <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				7621	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				7622
				7623	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				7624	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				7625	<a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				7626
				7627
				7628	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7629	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="type"></a>-type <var>type</var></h3>
				7630	</div>
				7631
				7632	<p class="magick-description">the image type.</p> <p>Choose from: <code>Bilevel</code>,
				7633	<code>Grayscale</code>, <code>GrayscaleMatte</code>, <code>Palette</code>,
				7634	<code>PaletteMatte</code>, <code>TrueColor</code>, <code>TrueColorMatte</code>,
				7635	<code>ColorSeparation</code>, or <code>ColorSeparationMatte</code>.</p>
				7636
				7637	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7638	truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a
				7639	href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> option can be used to override this behavior. For
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7640	example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though
				7641	only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				7642
				7643	<pre>
				7644	convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg
				7645	</pre>
				7646
				7647	<p>Similarly, use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the
				7648	encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the
				7649	output format supports transparency.</p>
				7650
				7651	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				7652
				7653	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7654	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <var>color</var></h3>
				7655	</div>
				7656
				7657	<p class="magick-description">set the color of the annotation bounding box.</p>
				7658
				7659	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				7660
				7661	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				7662
				7663
				7664	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7665	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="update"></a>-update <var>seconds</var></h3>
				7666	</div>
				7667
				7668	<p class="magick-description">detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</p>
				7669
				7670	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently
				7671	displayed is over-written. <code>display</code> will automagically detect that
				7672	the input file has been changed and update the displayed image
				7673	accordingly.</p>
				7674
				7675
				7676	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7677	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h3>
				7678	</div>
				7679
				7680	<p class="magick-description">discard all but one of any pixel color.</p>
				7681
				7682
				7683	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7684	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="units"></a>-units <var>type</var></h3>
				7685	</div>
				7686
				7687	<p class="magick-description">the units of image resolution.</p>
				7688
				7689	<p>Choose from: <code>Undefined</code>, <code>PixelsPerInch</code>, or
				7690	<code>PixelsPerCentimeter</code>. This option is normally used in conjunction
				7691	with the <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				7692
				7693
				7694	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7695	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <var>radius</var><br />-unsharp <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>{<var>+gain</var>}{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7696	</div>
				7697
				7698	<p class="magick-description">sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</p>
				7699
				7700	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is
				7701	convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation
				7702	(sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use
				7703	a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				7704
				7705	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				7706
				7707	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7708	<dt>radius</dt>
				7709	<dd>The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center pixel (default 0).</dd>
				7710	<dt>sigma</dt>
				7711	<dd>The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).</dd>
				7712	<dt>gain</dt>
				7713	<dd>The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).</dd>
				7714	<dt>threshold</dt>
				7715	<dd>The threshold, as a fraction of <var>QuantumRange</var>, needed to apply the difference amount (default 0.05).</dd>
				7716	</dl>
				7717
				7718	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7719	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h3>
				7720	</div>
				7721
				7722	<p class="magick-description">print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#identify">-identify</a> option or <code>info:</code>.</p>
				7723
				7724
				7725	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7726	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="version"></a>-version</h3>
				7727	</div>
				7728
				7729	<p class="magick-description">print ImageMagick version string and exit.</p>
				7730
				7731
				7732	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7733	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="view"></a>-view <var>string</var></h3>
				7734	</div>
				7735
				7736	<p class="magick-description">FlashPix viewing parameters.</p>
				7737
				7738
				7739	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7740	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="vignette"></a>-vignette <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				7741	</div>
				7742
				7743	<p class="magick-description">soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</p>
				7744
				7745	<p>The vignette effect rolloff is controlled by radiusxsigma. For nominal rolloff, this would be set to 0xsigma. A value of 0x0 will produce a circle/ellipse with no rolloff. The arguments x and y control the size of the circle. Larger values decrease the radii and smaller values increase the radii. Values of +0+0 will generate a circle/ellipse the same size as the image. The default values for x and y are 10% of the corresponding image dimension. Thus, the radii will be decreased by 10%, i.e., the diameters of the circle/ellipse will be 80% of the corresponding image dimension.</p>
				7746
				7747	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7748	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <var>method</var></h3>
				7749	</div>
				7750
				7751	<p class="magick-description">Specify contents of <var>virtual pixels</var>.</p>
				7752
				7753	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				7754	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				7755	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				7756	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				7757
				7758	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				7759
				7760	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7761	<dt>background</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is the background color</dd>
				7762	<dt>black</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is black</dd>
				7763	<dt>checker-tile</dt><dd>alternate squares with image and background color</dd>
				7764	<dt>dither</dt><dd>non-random 32x32 dithered pattern</dd>
				7765	<dt>edge</dt><dd>extend the edge pixel toward infinity</dd>
				7766	<dt>gray</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is gray</dd>
				7767	<dt>horizontal-tile</dt><dd>horizontally tile the image, background color above/below</dd>
				7768	<dt>horizontal-tile-edge</dt><dd>horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels</dd>
				7769	<dt>mirror</dt><dd>mirror tile the image</dd>
				7770	<dt>random</dt><dd>choose a random pixel from the image</dd>
				7771	<dt>tile</dt><dd>tile the image (default)</dd>
				7772	<dt>transparent</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness</dd>
				7773	<dt>vertical-tile</dt><dd>vertically tile the image, sides are background color</dd>
				7774	<dt>vertical-tile-edge</dt><dd>vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels</dd>
				7775	<dt>white</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is white</dd>
				7776	</dl>
				7777
				7778	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				7779
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7780	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				7781	>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7782	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7783	image proper, such as <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				7784	href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7785
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7786	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a
				7787	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7788
				7789
				7790	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7791	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="visual"></a>-visual <var>type</var></h3>
				7792	</div>
				7793
				7794	<p class="magick-description">Animate images using this X visual type.", 'animate', 'display'</p>
				7795
				7796	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				7797
				7798	<pre>
				7799	StaticGray TrueColor
				7800	GrayScale DirectColor
				7801	StaticColor default
				7802	PseudoColor visual id
				7803	</pre>
				7804
				7805	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs.
				7806	If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most
				7807	simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				7808
				7809
				7810	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7811	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="watermark"></a>-watermark <var>brightness</var>x<var>saturation</var></h3>
				7812	</div>
				7813
				7814	<p class="magick-description">Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and saturation.</p>
				7815
				7816	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				7817	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the
				7818	<var>brightness</var> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				7819	attribute is just direct modified by the <var>saturation</var>
				7820	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				7821
				7822
				7823	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7824	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="wave"></a>-wave <var>amplitude</var><br />-wave <var>amplitude</var>x<var>wavelength</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7825	</div>
				7826
				7827	<p class="magick-description">Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</p>
				7828
Cristy	e09ed31	2016-03-06 08:07:39 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7829	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7830	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="wavelet-denoise"></a>-wavelet-denoise <var>threshold</var><br />-wavelet-denoise <var>threshold</var>x<var>softness</var></h3>
				7831	</div>
				7832
				7833	<p class="magick-description">removes noise from the image using a wavelet transform. The threshold is the value below which everything is considered noise and ranges from 0.0 (none) to QuantumRange or use percent (e.g. 5%). Softness attenuates the threshold and typically ranges from 0.0 (none) to 1.0. The higher the value the more noise that remains in the image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7834
				7835	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7836	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="weight"></a>-weight <var>fontWeight</var></h3>
				7837	</div>
				7838
				7839	<p class="magick-description">Set a font weight for text.</p>
				7840
				7841	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				7842	the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for
				7843	<var>fontWeight</var> or select from the following.</p>
				7844
				7845	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7846	<dt>Thin </dt>
				7847	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 100.</dd>
				7848	<dt>ExtraLight </dt>
				7849	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 200.</dd>
				7850	<dt>Light </dt>
				7851	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 300.</dd>
				7852	<dt>Normal </dt>
				7853	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 400.</dd>
				7854	<dt>Medium </dt>
				7855	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 500.</dd>
				7856	<dt>DemiBold </dt>
				7857	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 600.</dd>
				7858	<dt>Bold </dt>
				7859	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 700.</dd>
				7860	<dt>ExtraBold </dt>
				7861	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 800.</dd>
				7862	<dt>Heavy </dt>
				7863	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 900.</dd>
				7864	</dl>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7865	<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7866
				7867	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				7868
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7869	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				7870	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
				7871	href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7872
				7873	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7874	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="white-point"></a>-white-point <var>x,y</var></h3>
				7875	</div>
				7876
				7877	<p class="magick-description">chromaticity white point.</p>
				7878
				7879	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7880	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				7881	</div>
				7882
				7883	<p class="magick-description">Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</p>
				7884
				7885	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
				7886	value within [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>] corresponding to the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7887	desired <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a>for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7888
				7889	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7890	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="window"></a>-window <var>id</var></h3>
				7891	</div>
				7892
				7893	<p class="magick-description">Make the image the background of a window.", 'animate', 'display'</p>
				7894
				7895	<p><var>id</var> can be a window id or name. Specify <code>root</code>
				7896	to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				7897
				7898	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If
				7899	<code>backdrop</code> or <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the
				7900	image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <code>X RESOURCES</code>
				7901	for details.</p>
				7902
				7903	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7904	colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a
				7905	href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7906
				7907	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7908	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h3>
				7909	</div>
				7910
				7911	<p class="magick-description">specify the window group.</p>
				7912
				7913	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7914	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="write"></a>-write <var>filename</var></h3>
				7915	</div>
				7916
				7917	<p class="magick-description">write an image sequence.</p>
				7918
				7919	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">-write</a> <var>filename</var> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">+write</a> <var>filename</var> option.</p>
				7920
				7921	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
				7922	</div>
				7923	</div>
				7924
				7925
Cristy	e93be68	2015-11-26 09:07:51 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7926
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7927	<footer class="magick-footer">
cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7928	<p><a href="support.html">Donate</a> •
				7929	<a href="sitemap.html">Sitemap</a> •
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7930	<a href="links.html">Related</a> •
cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7931	<a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7932	</p>
				7933	<p><a href="command-line-options.html#">Back to top</a> •
cristy	ea2793e	2015-05-31 16:52:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7934	<a href="http://pgp.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x89AB63D48277377A">Public Key</a> •
cristy	5b8fe76	2015-06-09 16:24:03 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7935	<a href="http://nextgen.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact Us</a></p>
Cristy	de27d76	2016-01-02 12:56:44 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7936	<p><small>© 1999-2016 ImageMagick Studio LLC</small></p>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7937	</footer>
				7938	</div><!-- /.container -->
				7939
Cristy	542697a	2015-10-12 20:10:32 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7940	<script src="https://localhost/ajax/libs/jquery/1.11.3/jquery.min.js"></script>
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cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7942	</div>
cristy	ad41c0c	2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7943	</body>
cristy	5a367e4	2015-05-05 12:39:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7944	</html>