Sema/SemaExpr.cpp

//===--- SemaExpr.cpp - Semantic Analysis for Expressions -----------------===//
//
//                     The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure
//
// This file is distributed under the University of Illinois Open Source
// License. See LICENSE.TXT for details.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
//  This file implements semantic analysis for expressions.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//

#include "Sema.h"
#include "SemaUtil.h"
#include "clang/AST/ASTContext.h"
#include "clang/AST/Expr.h"
#include "clang/Parse/DeclSpec.h" 
#include "clang/Lex/Preprocessor.h"
#include "clang/Lex/LiteralSupport.h"
#include "clang/Basic/SourceManager.h"
#include "clang/Basic/TargetInfo.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/OwningPtr.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallString.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/StringExtras.h"
using namespace clang;

/// ActOnStringLiteral - The specified tokens were lexed as pasted string
/// fragments (e.g. "foo" "bar" L"baz").  The result string has to handle string
/// concatenation ([C99 5.1.1.2, translation phase #6]), so it may come from
/// multiple tokens.  However, the common case is that StringToks points to one
/// string.
/// 
Action::ExprResult
Sema::ActOnStringLiteral(const Token *StringToks, unsigned NumStringToks) {
  assert(NumStringToks && "Must have at least one string!");

  StringLiteralParser Literal(StringToks, NumStringToks, PP, Context.Target);
  if (Literal.hadError)
    return ExprResult(true);

  llvm::SmallVector<SourceLocation, 4> StringTokLocs;
  for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumStringToks; ++i)
    StringTokLocs.push_back(StringToks[i].getLocation());

  // Verify that pascal strings aren't too large.
  if (Literal.Pascal && Literal.GetStringLength() > 256)
    return Diag(StringToks[0].getLocation(), diag::err_pascal_string_too_long,
                SourceRange(StringToks[0].getLocation(),
                            StringToks[NumStringToks-1].getLocation()));
  
  QualType StrTy = Context.CharTy;
  // FIXME: handle wchar_t
  if (Literal.Pascal) StrTy = Context.UnsignedCharTy;
  
  // Get an array type for the string, according to C99 6.4.5.  This includes
  // the nul terminator character as well as the string length for pascal
  // strings.
  StrTy = Context.getConstantArrayType(StrTy,
                                   llvm::APInt(32, Literal.GetStringLength()+1),
                                       ArrayType::Normal, 0);
  
  // Pass &StringTokLocs[0], StringTokLocs.size() to factory!
  return new StringLiteral(Literal.GetString(), Literal.GetStringLength(), 
                           Literal.AnyWide, StrTy, 
                           StringToks[0].getLocation(),
                           StringToks[NumStringToks-1].getLocation());
}


/// ActOnIdentifierExpr - The parser read an identifier in expression context,
/// validate it per-C99 6.5.1.  HasTrailingLParen indicates whether this
/// identifier is used in an function call context.
Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnIdentifierExpr(Scope *S, SourceLocation Loc,
                                           IdentifierInfo &II,
                                           bool HasTrailingLParen) {
  // Could be enum-constant or decl.
  ScopedDecl *D = LookupScopedDecl(&II, Decl::IDNS_Ordinary, Loc, S);
  if (D == 0) {
    // Otherwise, this could be an implicitly declared function reference (legal
    // in C90, extension in C99).
    if (HasTrailingLParen &&
        // Not in C++.
        !getLangOptions().CPlusPlus)
      D = ImplicitlyDefineFunction(Loc, II, S);
    else {
      if (CurMethodDecl) {
        ObjCInterfaceDecl *IFace = CurMethodDecl->getClassInterface();
        ObjCInterfaceDecl *clsDeclared;
        if (ObjCIvarDecl *IV = IFace->lookupInstanceVariable(&II, clsDeclared)) {
          IdentifierInfo &II = Context.Idents.get("self");
          ExprResult SelfExpr = ActOnIdentifierExpr(S, Loc, II, false);
          return new ObjCIvarRefExpr(IV, IV->getType(), Loc, 
                       static_cast<Expr*>(SelfExpr.Val), true, true);
        }
      }
      // If this name wasn't predeclared and if this is not a function call,
      // diagnose the problem.
      return Diag(Loc, diag::err_undeclared_var_use, II.getName());
    }
  }
  if (ValueDecl *VD = dyn_cast<ValueDecl>(D)) {
    // Only create DeclRefExpr's for valid Decl's.
    if (VD->isInvalidDecl())
      return true;
    return new DeclRefExpr(VD, VD->getType(), Loc);
  }
  if (isa<TypedefDecl>(D))
    return Diag(Loc, diag::err_unexpected_typedef, II.getName());
  if (isa<ObjCInterfaceDecl>(D))
    return Diag(Loc, diag::err_unexpected_interface, II.getName());

  assert(0 && "Invalid decl");
  abort();
}

Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnPreDefinedExpr(SourceLocation Loc,
                                           tok::TokenKind Kind) {
  PreDefinedExpr::IdentType IT;
  
  switch (Kind) {
  default: assert(0 && "Unknown simple primary expr!");
  case tok::kw___func__: IT = PreDefinedExpr::Func; break; // [C99 6.4.2.2]
  case tok::kw___FUNCTION__: IT = PreDefinedExpr::Function; break;
  case tok::kw___PRETTY_FUNCTION__: IT = PreDefinedExpr::PrettyFunction; break;
  }

  // Verify that this is in a function context.
  if (CurFunctionDecl == 0 && CurMethodDecl == 0)
    return Diag(Loc, diag::err_predef_outside_function);
  
  // Pre-defined identifiers are of type char[x], where x is the length of the
  // string.
  unsigned Length;
  if (CurFunctionDecl)
    Length = CurFunctionDecl->getIdentifier()->getLength();
  else
    Length = CurMethodDecl->getSynthesizedMethodSize();
  
  llvm::APInt LengthI(32, Length + 1);
  QualType ResTy = Context.CharTy.getQualifiedType(QualType::Const);
  ResTy = Context.getConstantArrayType(ResTy, LengthI, ArrayType::Normal, 0);
  return new PreDefinedExpr(Loc, ResTy, IT);
}

Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnCharacterConstant(const Token &Tok) {
  llvm::SmallString<16> CharBuffer;
  CharBuffer.resize(Tok.getLength());
  const char *ThisTokBegin = &CharBuffer[0];
  unsigned ActualLength = PP.getSpelling(Tok, ThisTokBegin);
  
  CharLiteralParser Literal(ThisTokBegin, ThisTokBegin+ActualLength,
                            Tok.getLocation(), PP);
  if (Literal.hadError())
    return ExprResult(true);
  return new CharacterLiteral(Literal.getValue(), Context.IntTy, 
                              Tok.getLocation());
}

Action::ExprResult Sema::ActOnNumericConstant(const Token &Tok) {
  // fast path for a single digit (which is quite common). A single digit 
  // cannot have a trigraph, escaped newline, radix prefix, or type suffix.
  if (Tok.getLength() == 1) {
    const char *t = PP.getSourceManager().getCharacterData(Tok.getLocation());
    
    unsigned IntSize = static_cast<unsigned>(
      Context.getTypeSize(Context.IntTy, Tok.getLocation()));
    return ExprResult(new IntegerLiteral(llvm::APInt(IntSize, *t-'0'),
                                         Context.IntTy, 
                                         Tok.getLocation()));
  }
  llvm::SmallString<512> IntegerBuffer;
  IntegerBuffer.resize(Tok.getLength());
  const char *ThisTokBegin = &IntegerBuffer[0];
  
  // Get the spelling of the token, which eliminates trigraphs, etc.
  unsigned ActualLength = PP.getSpelling(Tok, ThisTokBegin);
  NumericLiteralParser Literal(ThisTokBegin, ThisTokBegin+ActualLength, 
                               Tok.getLocation(), PP);
  if (Literal.hadError)
    return ExprResult(true);
  
  Expr *Res;
  
  if (Literal.isFloatingLiteral()) {
    QualType Ty;
    const llvm::fltSemantics *Format;
    uint64_t Size; unsigned Align;

    if (Literal.isFloat) {
      Ty = Context.FloatTy;
      Context.Target.getFloatInfo(Size, Align, Format,
                                  Context.getFullLoc(Tok.getLocation()));
      
    } else if (Literal.isLong) {
      Ty = Context.LongDoubleTy;
      Context.Target.getLongDoubleInfo(Size, Align, Format,
                                       Context.getFullLoc(Tok.getLocation()));
    } else {
      Ty = Context.DoubleTy;
      Context.Target.getDoubleInfo(Size, Align, Format,
                                   Context.getFullLoc(Tok.getLocation()));
    }
    
    // isExact will be set by GetFloatValue().
    bool isExact = false;
    
    Res = new FloatingLiteral(Literal.GetFloatValue(*Format,&isExact), &isExact, 
                              Ty, Tok.getLocation());
    
  } else if (!Literal.isIntegerLiteral()) {
    return ExprResult(true);
  } else {
    QualType t;

    // long long is a C99 feature.
    if (!getLangOptions().C99 && !getLangOptions().CPlusPlus0x &&
        Literal.isLongLong)
      Diag(Tok.getLocation(), diag::ext_longlong);

    // Get the value in the widest-possible width.
    llvm::APInt ResultVal(Context.Target.getIntMaxTWidth(
                            Context.getFullLoc(Tok.getLocation())), 0);
   
    if (Literal.GetIntegerValue(ResultVal)) {
      // If this value didn't fit into uintmax_t, warn and force to ull.
      Diag(Tok.getLocation(), diag::warn_integer_too_large);
      t = Context.UnsignedLongLongTy;
      assert(Context.getTypeSize(t, Tok.getLocation()) == 
             ResultVal.getBitWidth() && "long long is not intmax_t?");
    } else {
      // If this value fits into a ULL, try to figure out what else it fits into
      // according to the rules of C99 6.4.4.1p5.
      
      // Octal, Hexadecimal, and integers with a U suffix are allowed to
      // be an unsigned int.
      bool AllowUnsigned = Literal.isUnsigned || Literal.getRadix() != 10;

      // Check from smallest to largest, picking the smallest type we can.
      if (!Literal.isLong && !Literal.isLongLong) {
        // Are int/unsigned possibilities?
        unsigned IntSize = static_cast<unsigned>(
          Context.getTypeSize(Context.IntTy,Tok.getLocation()));
        // Does it fit in a unsigned int?
        if (ResultVal.isIntN(IntSize)) {
          // Does it fit in a signed int?
          if (!Literal.isUnsigned && ResultVal[IntSize-1] == 0)
            t = Context.IntTy;
          else if (AllowUnsigned)
            t = Context.UnsignedIntTy;
        }
        
        if (!t.isNull())
          ResultVal.trunc(IntSize);
      }
      
      // Are long/unsigned long possibilities?
      if (t.isNull() && !Literal.isLongLong) {
        unsigned LongSize = static_cast<unsigned>(
          Context.getTypeSize(Context.LongTy, Tok.getLocation()));
     
        // Does it fit in a unsigned long?
        if (ResultVal.isIntN(LongSize)) {
          // Does it fit in a signed long?
          if (!Literal.isUnsigned && ResultVal[LongSize-1] == 0)
            t = Context.LongTy;
          else if (AllowUnsigned)
            t = Context.UnsignedLongTy;
        }
        if (!t.isNull())
          ResultVal.trunc(LongSize);
      }      
      
      // Finally, check long long if needed.
      if (t.isNull()) {
        unsigned LongLongSize = static_cast<unsigned>(
          Context.getTypeSize(Context.LongLongTy, Tok.getLocation()));
        
        // Does it fit in a unsigned long long?
        if (ResultVal.isIntN(LongLongSize)) {
          // Does it fit in a signed long long?
          if (!Literal.isUnsigned && ResultVal[LongLongSize-1] == 0)
            t = Context.LongLongTy;
          else if (AllowUnsigned)
            t = Context.UnsignedLongLongTy;
        }
      }
      
      // If we still couldn't decide a type, we probably have something that
      // does not fit in a signed long long, but has no U suffix.
      if (t.isNull()) {
        Diag(Tok.getLocation(), diag::warn_integer_too_large_for_signed);
        t = Context.UnsignedLongLongTy;
      }
    }

    Res = new IntegerLiteral(ResultVal, t, Tok.getLocation());
  }
  
  // If this is an imaginary literal, create the ImaginaryLiteral wrapper.
  if (Literal.isImaginary)
    Res = new ImaginaryLiteral(Res, Context.getComplexType(Res->getType()));
  
  return Res;
}

Action::ExprResult Sema::ActOnParenExpr(SourceLocation L, SourceLocation R,
                                        ExprTy *Val) {
  Expr *e = (Expr *)Val;
  assert((e != 0) && "ActOnParenExpr() missing expr");
  return new ParenExpr(L, R, e);
}

/// The UsualUnaryConversions() function is *not* called by this routine.
/// See C99 6.3.2.1p[2-4] for more details.
QualType Sema::CheckSizeOfAlignOfOperand(QualType exprType, 
                                         SourceLocation OpLoc, bool isSizeof) {
  // C99 6.5.3.4p1:
  if (isa<FunctionType>(exprType) && isSizeof)
    // alignof(function) is allowed.
    Diag(OpLoc, diag::ext_sizeof_function_type);
  else if (exprType->isVoidType())
    Diag(OpLoc, diag::ext_sizeof_void_type, isSizeof ? "sizeof" : "__alignof");
  else if (exprType->isIncompleteType()) {
    Diag(OpLoc, isSizeof ? diag::err_sizeof_incomplete_type : 
                           diag::err_alignof_incomplete_type,
         exprType.getAsString());
    return QualType(); // error
  }
  // C99 6.5.3.4p4: the type (an unsigned integer type) is size_t.
  return Context.getSizeType();
}

Action::ExprResult Sema::
ActOnSizeOfAlignOfTypeExpr(SourceLocation OpLoc, bool isSizeof, 
                           SourceLocation LPLoc, TypeTy *Ty,
                           SourceLocation RPLoc) {
  // If error parsing type, ignore.
  if (Ty == 0) return true;
  
  // Verify that this is a valid expression.
  QualType ArgTy = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(Ty);
  
  QualType resultType = CheckSizeOfAlignOfOperand(ArgTy, OpLoc, isSizeof);

  if (resultType.isNull())
    return true;
  return new SizeOfAlignOfTypeExpr(isSizeof, ArgTy, resultType, OpLoc, RPLoc);
}

QualType Sema::CheckRealImagOperand(Expr *&V, SourceLocation Loc) {
  DefaultFunctionArrayConversion(V);
  
  // These operators return the element type of a complex type.
  if (const ComplexType *CT = V->getType()->getAsComplexType())
    return CT->getElementType();
  
  // Otherwise they pass through real integer and floating point types here.
  if (V->getType()->isArithmeticType())
    return V->getType();
  
  // Reject anything else.
  Diag(Loc, diag::err_realimag_invalid_type, V->getType().getAsString());
  return QualType();
}



Action::ExprResult Sema::ActOnPostfixUnaryOp(SourceLocation OpLoc, 
                                             tok::TokenKind Kind,
                                             ExprTy *Input) {
  UnaryOperator::Opcode Opc;
  switch (Kind) {
  default: assert(0 && "Unknown unary op!");
  case tok::plusplus:   Opc = UnaryOperator::PostInc; break;
  case tok::minusminus: Opc = UnaryOperator::PostDec; break;
  }
  QualType result = CheckIncrementDecrementOperand((Expr *)Input, OpLoc);
  if (result.isNull())
    return true;
  return new UnaryOperator((Expr *)Input, Opc, result, OpLoc);
}

Action::ExprResult Sema::
ActOnArraySubscriptExpr(ExprTy *Base, SourceLocation LLoc,
                        ExprTy *Idx, SourceLocation RLoc) {
  Expr *LHSExp = static_cast<Expr*>(Base), *RHSExp = static_cast<Expr*>(Idx);

  // Perform default conversions.
  DefaultFunctionArrayConversion(LHSExp);
  DefaultFunctionArrayConversion(RHSExp);
  
  QualType LHSTy = LHSExp->getType(), RHSTy = RHSExp->getType();

  // C99 6.5.2.1p2: the expression e1[e2] is by definition precisely equivalent
  // to the expression *((e1)+(e2)). This means the array "Base" may actually be
  // in the subscript position. As a result, we need to derive the array base 
  // and index from the expression types.
  Expr *BaseExpr, *IndexExpr;
  QualType ResultType;
  if (const PointerType *PTy = LHSTy->getAsPointerType()) {
    BaseExpr = LHSExp;
    IndexExpr = RHSExp;
    // FIXME: need to deal with const...
    ResultType = PTy->getPointeeType();
  } else if (const PointerType *PTy = RHSTy->getAsPointerType()) {
     // Handle the uncommon case of "123[Ptr]".
    BaseExpr = RHSExp;
    IndexExpr = LHSExp;
    // FIXME: need to deal with const...
    ResultType = PTy->getPointeeType();
  } else if (const VectorType *VTy = LHSTy->getAsVectorType()) {
    BaseExpr = LHSExp;    // vectors: V[123]
    IndexExpr = RHSExp;
    
    // Component access limited to variables (reject vec4.rg[1]).
    if (!isa<DeclRefExpr>(BaseExpr) && !isa<ArraySubscriptExpr>(BaseExpr)) 
      return Diag(LLoc, diag::err_ocuvector_component_access, 
                  SourceRange(LLoc, RLoc));
    // FIXME: need to deal with const...
    ResultType = VTy->getElementType();
  } else {
    return Diag(LHSExp->getLocStart(), diag::err_typecheck_subscript_value, 
                RHSExp->getSourceRange());
  }              
  // C99 6.5.2.1p1
  if (!IndexExpr->getType()->isIntegerType())
    return Diag(IndexExpr->getLocStart(), diag::err_typecheck_subscript,
                IndexExpr->getSourceRange());

  // C99 6.5.2.1p1: "shall have type "pointer to *object* type".  In practice,
  // the following check catches trying to index a pointer to a function (e.g.
  // void (*)(int)). Functions are not objects in C99.
  if (!ResultType->isObjectType())
    return Diag(BaseExpr->getLocStart(), 
                diag::err_typecheck_subscript_not_object,
                BaseExpr->getType().getAsString(), BaseExpr->getSourceRange());

  return new ArraySubscriptExpr(LHSExp, RHSExp, ResultType, RLoc);
}

QualType Sema::
CheckOCUVectorComponent(QualType baseType, SourceLocation OpLoc,
                        IdentifierInfo &CompName, SourceLocation CompLoc) {
  const OCUVectorType *vecType = baseType->getAsOCUVectorType();
  
  // The vector accessor can't exceed the number of elements.
  const char *compStr = CompName.getName();
  if (strlen(compStr) > vecType->getNumElements()) {
    Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_ocuvector_component_exceeds_length, 
                baseType.getAsString(), SourceRange(CompLoc));
    return QualType();
  }
  // The component names must come from the same set.
  if (vecType->getPointAccessorIdx(*compStr) != -1) {
    do
      compStr++;
    while (*compStr && vecType->getPointAccessorIdx(*compStr) != -1);
  } else if (vecType->getColorAccessorIdx(*compStr) != -1) {
    do
      compStr++;
    while (*compStr && vecType->getColorAccessorIdx(*compStr) != -1);
  } else if (vecType->getTextureAccessorIdx(*compStr) != -1) {
    do 
      compStr++;
    while (*compStr && vecType->getTextureAccessorIdx(*compStr) != -1);
  }
    
  if (*compStr) { 
    // We didn't get to the end of the string. This means the component names
    // didn't come from the same set *or* we encountered an illegal name.
    Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_ocuvector_component_name_illegal, 
         std::string(compStr,compStr+1), SourceRange(CompLoc));
    return QualType();
  }
  // Each component accessor can't exceed the vector type.
  compStr = CompName.getName();
  while (*compStr) {
    if (vecType->isAccessorWithinNumElements(*compStr))
      compStr++;
    else
      break;
  }
  if (*compStr) { 
    // We didn't get to the end of the string. This means a component accessor
    // exceeds the number of elements in the vector.
    Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_ocuvector_component_exceeds_length, 
                baseType.getAsString(), SourceRange(CompLoc));
    return QualType();
  }
  // The component accessor looks fine - now we need to compute the actual type.
  // The vector type is implied by the component accessor. For example, 
  // vec4.b is a float, vec4.xy is a vec2, vec4.rgb is a vec3, etc.
  unsigned CompSize = strlen(CompName.getName());
  if (CompSize == 1)
    return vecType->getElementType();
    
  QualType VT = Context.getOCUVectorType(vecType->getElementType(), CompSize);
  // Now look up the TypeDefDecl from the vector type. Without this, 
  // diagostics look bad. We want OCU vector types to appear built-in.
  for (unsigned i = 0, e = OCUVectorDecls.size(); i != e; ++i) {
    if (OCUVectorDecls[i]->getUnderlyingType() == VT)
      return Context.getTypedefType(OCUVectorDecls[i]);
  }
  return VT; // should never get here (a typedef type should always be found).
}

Action::ExprResult Sema::
ActOnMemberReferenceExpr(ExprTy *Base, SourceLocation OpLoc,
                         tok::TokenKind OpKind, SourceLocation MemberLoc,
                         IdentifierInfo &Member) {
  Expr *BaseExpr = static_cast<Expr *>(Base);
  assert(BaseExpr && "no record expression");

  // Perform default conversions.
  DefaultFunctionArrayConversion(BaseExpr);
  
  QualType BaseType = BaseExpr->getType();
  assert(!BaseType.isNull() && "no type for member expression");
  
  if (OpKind == tok::arrow) {
    if (const PointerType *PT = BaseType->getAsPointerType())
      BaseType = PT->getPointeeType();
    else
      return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_member_reference_arrow,
                  SourceRange(MemberLoc));
  }
  // The base type is either a record or an OCUVectorType.
  if (const RecordType *RTy = BaseType->getAsRecordType()) {
    RecordDecl *RDecl = RTy->getDecl();
    if (RTy->isIncompleteType())
      return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_incomplete_tag, RDecl->getName(),
                  BaseExpr->getSourceRange());
    // The record definition is complete, now make sure the member is valid.
    FieldDecl *MemberDecl = RDecl->getMember(&Member);
    if (!MemberDecl)
      return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_no_member, Member.getName(),
                  SourceRange(MemberLoc));

    // Figure out the type of the member; see C99 6.5.2.3p3
    // FIXME: Handle address space modifiers
    QualType MemberType = MemberDecl->getType();
    unsigned combinedQualifiers =
        MemberType.getCVRQualifiers() | BaseType.getCVRQualifiers();
    MemberType = MemberType.getQualifiedType(combinedQualifiers);

    return new MemberExpr(BaseExpr, OpKind==tok::arrow, MemberDecl,
                          MemberLoc, MemberType);
  } else if (BaseType->isOCUVectorType() && OpKind == tok::period) {
    // Component access limited to variables (reject vec4.rg.g).
    if (!isa<DeclRefExpr>(BaseExpr)) 
      return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_ocuvector_component_access, 
                  SourceRange(MemberLoc));
    QualType ret = CheckOCUVectorComponent(BaseType, OpLoc, Member, MemberLoc);
    if (ret.isNull())
      return true;
    return new OCUVectorElementExpr(ret, BaseExpr, Member, MemberLoc);
  } else if (BaseType->isObjCInterfaceType()) {
    ObjCInterfaceDecl *IFace;
    if (isa<ObjCInterfaceType>(BaseType.getCanonicalType()))
      IFace = dyn_cast<ObjCInterfaceType>(BaseType)->getDecl();
    else
      IFace = dyn_cast<ObjCQualifiedInterfaceType>(BaseType)->getDecl();
    ObjCInterfaceDecl *clsDeclared;
    if (ObjCIvarDecl *IV = IFace->lookupInstanceVariable(&Member, clsDeclared))
      return new ObjCIvarRefExpr(IV, IV->getType(), MemberLoc, BaseExpr, 
                                 OpKind==tok::arrow);
  }
  return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_member_reference_structUnion,
              SourceRange(MemberLoc));
}

/// ActOnCallExpr - Handle a call to Fn with the specified array of arguments.
/// This provides the location of the left/right parens and a list of comma
/// locations.
Action::ExprResult Sema::
ActOnCallExpr(ExprTy *fn, SourceLocation LParenLoc,
              ExprTy **args, unsigned NumArgs,
              SourceLocation *CommaLocs, SourceLocation RParenLoc) {
  Expr *Fn = static_cast<Expr *>(fn);
  Expr **Args = reinterpret_cast<Expr**>(args);
  assert(Fn && "no function call expression");
  
  // Make the call expr early, before semantic checks.  This guarantees cleanup
  // of arguments and function on error.
  llvm::OwningPtr<CallExpr> TheCall(new CallExpr(Fn, Args, NumArgs,
                                                 Context.BoolTy, RParenLoc));
  
  // Promote the function operand.
  TheCall->setCallee(UsualUnaryConversions(Fn));
  
  // C99 6.5.2.2p1 - "The expression that denotes the called function shall have
  // type pointer to function".
  const PointerType *PT = Fn->getType()->getAsPointerType();
  if (PT == 0)
    return Diag(Fn->getLocStart(), diag::err_typecheck_call_not_function,
                SourceRange(Fn->getLocStart(), RParenLoc));
  const FunctionType *FuncT = PT->getPointeeType()->getAsFunctionType();
  if (FuncT == 0)
    return Diag(Fn->getLocStart(), diag::err_typecheck_call_not_function,
                SourceRange(Fn->getLocStart(), RParenLoc));
  
  // We know the result type of the call, set it.
  TheCall->setType(FuncT->getResultType());
    
  if (const FunctionTypeProto *Proto = dyn_cast<FunctionTypeProto>(FuncT)) {
    // C99 6.5.2.2p7 - the arguments are implicitly converted, as if by 
    // assignment, to the types of the corresponding parameter, ...
    unsigned NumArgsInProto = Proto->getNumArgs();
    unsigned NumArgsToCheck = NumArgs;
    
    // If too few arguments are available, don't make the call.
    if (NumArgs < NumArgsInProto)
      return Diag(RParenLoc, diag::err_typecheck_call_too_few_args,
                  Fn->getSourceRange());
    
    // If too many are passed and not variadic, error on the extras and drop
    // them.
    if (NumArgs > NumArgsInProto) {
      if (!Proto->isVariadic()) {
        Diag(Args[NumArgsInProto]->getLocStart(), 
             diag::err_typecheck_call_too_many_args, Fn->getSourceRange(),
             SourceRange(Args[NumArgsInProto]->getLocStart(),
                         Args[NumArgs-1]->getLocEnd()));
        // This deletes the extra arguments.
        TheCall->setNumArgs(NumArgsInProto);
      }
      NumArgsToCheck = NumArgsInProto;
    }
    
    // Continue to check argument types (even if we have too few/many args).
    for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumArgsToCheck; i++) {
      Expr *Arg = Args[i];
      QualType ProtoArgType = Proto->getArgType(i);
      QualType ArgType = Arg->getType();

      // Compute implicit casts from the operand to the formal argument type.
      AssignConvertType ConvTy =
        CheckSingleAssignmentConstraints(ProtoArgType, Arg);
      TheCall->setArg(i, Arg);
      
      if (DiagnoseAssignmentResult(ConvTy, Arg->getLocStart(), ProtoArgType,
                                   ArgType, Arg, "passing"))
        return true;
    }
    
    // If this is a variadic call, handle args passed through "...".
    if (Proto->isVariadic()) {
      // Promote the arguments (C99 6.5.2.2p7).
      for (unsigned i = NumArgsInProto; i != NumArgs; i++) {
        Expr *Arg = Args[i];
        DefaultArgumentPromotion(Arg);
        TheCall->setArg(i, Arg);
      }
    }
  } else {
    assert(isa<FunctionTypeNoProto>(FuncT) && "Unknown FunctionType!");
    
    // Promote the arguments (C99 6.5.2.2p6).
    for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumArgs; i++) {
      Expr *Arg = Args[i];
      DefaultArgumentPromotion(Arg);
      TheCall->setArg(i, Arg);
    }
  }

  // Do special checking on direct calls to functions.
  if (ImplicitCastExpr *IcExpr = dyn_cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(Fn))
    if (DeclRefExpr *DRExpr = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(IcExpr->getSubExpr()))
      if (FunctionDecl *FDecl = dyn_cast<FunctionDecl>(DRExpr->getDecl()))
        if (CheckFunctionCall(FDecl, TheCall.get()))
          return true;

  return TheCall.take();
}

Action::ExprResult Sema::
ActOnCompoundLiteral(SourceLocation LParenLoc, TypeTy *Ty,
                     SourceLocation RParenLoc, ExprTy *InitExpr) {
  assert((Ty != 0) && "ActOnCompoundLiteral(): missing type");
  QualType literalType = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(Ty);
  // FIXME: put back this assert when initializers are worked out.
  //assert((InitExpr != 0) && "ActOnCompoundLiteral(): missing expression");
  Expr *literalExpr = static_cast<Expr*>(InitExpr);

  // FIXME: add more semantic analysis (C99 6.5.2.5).
  if (CheckInitializerTypes(literalExpr, literalType))
    return true;

  bool isFileScope = !CurFunctionDecl && !CurMethodDecl;
  if (isFileScope) { // 6.5.2.5p3
    if (CheckForConstantInitializer(literalExpr, literalType))
      return true;
  }
  return new CompoundLiteralExpr(LParenLoc, literalType, literalExpr, isFileScope);
}

Action::ExprResult Sema::
ActOnInitList(SourceLocation LBraceLoc, ExprTy **initlist, unsigned NumInit,
              SourceLocation RBraceLoc) {
  Expr **InitList = reinterpret_cast<Expr**>(initlist);

  // Semantic analysis for initializers is done by ActOnDeclarator() and
  // CheckInitializer() - it requires knowledge of the object being intialized. 
  
  InitListExpr *e = new InitListExpr(LBraceLoc, InitList, NumInit, RBraceLoc);
  e->setType(Context.VoidTy); // FIXME: just a place holder for now.
  return e;
}

bool Sema::CheckVectorCast(SourceRange R, QualType VectorTy, QualType Ty) {
  assert(VectorTy->isVectorType() && "Not a vector type!");
  
  if (Ty->isVectorType() || Ty->isIntegerType()) {
    if (Context.getTypeSize(VectorTy, SourceLocation()) !=
        Context.getTypeSize(Ty, SourceLocation()))
      return Diag(R.getBegin(),
                  Ty->isVectorType() ? 
                  diag::err_invalid_conversion_between_vectors :
                  diag::err_invalid_conversion_between_vector_and_integer,
                  VectorTy.getAsString().c_str(),
                  Ty.getAsString().c_str(), R);
  } else
    return Diag(R.getBegin(),
                diag::err_invalid_conversion_between_vector_and_scalar,
                VectorTy.getAsString().c_str(),
                Ty.getAsString().c_str(), R);
  
  return false;
}

Action::ExprResult Sema::
ActOnCastExpr(SourceLocation LParenLoc, TypeTy *Ty,
              SourceLocation RParenLoc, ExprTy *Op) {
  assert((Ty != 0) && (Op != 0) && "ActOnCastExpr(): missing type or expr");

  Expr *castExpr = static_cast<Expr*>(Op);
  QualType castType = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(Ty);

  UsualUnaryConversions(castExpr);

  // C99 6.5.4p2: the cast type needs to be void or scalar and the expression
  // type needs to be scalar.
  if (!castType->isVoidType()) {  // Cast to void allows any expr type.
    if (!castType->isScalarType() && !castType->isVectorType())
      return Diag(LParenLoc, diag::err_typecheck_cond_expect_scalar, 
                  castType.getAsString(), SourceRange(LParenLoc, RParenLoc));
    if (!castExpr->getType()->isScalarType() && 
        !castExpr->getType()->isVectorType())
      return Diag(castExpr->getLocStart(), 
                  diag::err_typecheck_expect_scalar_operand, 
                  castExpr->getType().getAsString(),castExpr->getSourceRange());

    if (castExpr->getType()->isVectorType()) {
      if (CheckVectorCast(SourceRange(LParenLoc, RParenLoc), 
                          castExpr->getType(), castType))
        return true;
    } else if (castType->isVectorType()) {
      if (CheckVectorCast(SourceRange(LParenLoc, RParenLoc), 
                          castType, castExpr->getType()))
        return true;
    }
  }
  return new CastExpr(castType, castExpr, LParenLoc);
}

/// Note that lex is not null here, even if this is the gnu "x ?: y" extension.
/// In that case, lex = cond.
inline QualType Sema::CheckConditionalOperands( // C99 6.5.15
  Expr *&cond, Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation questionLoc) {
  UsualUnaryConversions(cond);
  UsualUnaryConversions(lex);
  UsualUnaryConversions(rex);
  QualType condT = cond->getType();
  QualType lexT = lex->getType();
  QualType rexT = rex->getType();

  // first, check the condition.
  if (!condT->isScalarType()) { // C99 6.5.15p2
    Diag(cond->getLocStart(), diag::err_typecheck_cond_expect_scalar, 
         condT.getAsString());
    return QualType();
  }
  
  // Now check the two expressions.
  
  // If both operands have arithmetic type, do the usual arithmetic conversions
  // to find a common type: C99 6.5.15p3,5.
  if (lexT->isArithmeticType() && rexT->isArithmeticType()) {
    UsualArithmeticConversions(lex, rex);
    return lex->getType();
  }
  
  // If both operands are the same structure or union type, the result is that
  // type.
  if (const RecordType *LHSRT = lexT->getAsRecordType()) {    // C99 6.5.15p3
    if (const RecordType *RHSRT = rexT->getAsRecordType())
      if (LHSRT->getDecl() == RHSRT->getDecl())
        // "If both the operands have structure or union type, the result has 
        // that type."  This implies that CV qualifiers are dropped.
        return lexT.getUnqualifiedType();
  }
  
  // C99 6.5.15p5: "If both operands have void type, the result has void type."
  if (lexT->isVoidType() && rexT->isVoidType())
    return lexT.getUnqualifiedType();

  // C99 6.5.15p6 - "if one operand is a null pointer constant, the result has
  // the type of the other operand."
  if (lexT->isPointerType() && rex->isNullPointerConstant(Context)) {
    ImpCastExprToType(rex, lexT); // promote the null to a pointer.
    return lexT;
  }
  if (rexT->isPointerType() && lex->isNullPointerConstant(Context)) {
    ImpCastExprToType(lex, rexT); // promote the null to a pointer.
    return rexT;
  }
  // Handle the case where both operands are pointers before we handle null
  // pointer constants in case both operands are null pointer constants.
  if (const PointerType *LHSPT = lexT->getAsPointerType()) { // C99 6.5.15p3,6
    if (const PointerType *RHSPT = rexT->getAsPointerType()) {
      // get the "pointed to" types
      QualType lhptee = LHSPT->getPointeeType();
      QualType rhptee = RHSPT->getPointeeType();

      // ignore qualifiers on void (C99 6.5.15p3, clause 6)
      if (lhptee->isVoidType() &&
          (rhptee->isObjectType() || rhptee->isIncompleteType())) {
        // Figure out necessary qualifiers (C99 6.5.15p6)
        QualType destPointee=lhptee.getQualifiedType(rhptee.getCVRQualifiers());
        QualType destType = Context.getPointerType(destPointee);
        ImpCastExprToType(lex, destType); // add qualifiers if necessary
        ImpCastExprToType(rex, destType); // promote to void*
        return destType;
      }
      if (rhptee->isVoidType() &&
          (lhptee->isObjectType() || lhptee->isIncompleteType())) {
        QualType destPointee=rhptee.getQualifiedType(lhptee.getCVRQualifiers());
        QualType destType = Context.getPointerType(destPointee);
        ImpCastExprToType(lex, destType); // add qualifiers if necessary
        ImpCastExprToType(rex, destType); // promote to void*
        return destType;
      }

      if (!Context.typesAreCompatible(lhptee.getUnqualifiedType(), 
                                      rhptee.getUnqualifiedType())) {
        Diag(questionLoc, diag::warn_typecheck_cond_incompatible_pointers,
             lexT.getAsString(), rexT.getAsString(),
             lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
        // In this situation, we assume void* type. No especially good
        // reason, but this is what gcc does, and we do have to pick
        // to get a consistent AST.
        QualType voidPtrTy = Context.getPointerType(Context.VoidTy);
        ImpCastExprToType(lex, voidPtrTy);
        ImpCastExprToType(rex, voidPtrTy);
        return voidPtrTy;
      }
      // The pointer types are compatible.
      // C99 6.5.15p6: If both operands are pointers to compatible types *or* to
      // differently qualified versions of compatible types, the result type is
      // a pointer to an appropriately qualified version of the *composite*
      // type.
      // FIXME: Need to return the composite type.
      // FIXME: Need to add qualifiers
      return lexT;
    }
  }
  
  // Otherwise, the operands are not compatible.
  Diag(questionLoc, diag::err_typecheck_cond_incompatible_operands,
       lexT.getAsString(), rexT.getAsString(),
       lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
  return QualType();
}

/// ActOnConditionalOp - Parse a ?: operation.  Note that 'LHS' may be null
/// in the case of a the GNU conditional expr extension.
Action::ExprResult Sema::ActOnConditionalOp(SourceLocation QuestionLoc, 
                                            SourceLocation ColonLoc,
                                            ExprTy *Cond, ExprTy *LHS,
                                            ExprTy *RHS) {
  Expr *CondExpr = (Expr *) Cond;
  Expr *LHSExpr = (Expr *) LHS, *RHSExpr = (Expr *) RHS;

  // If this is the gnu "x ?: y" extension, analyze the types as though the LHS
  // was the condition.
  bool isLHSNull = LHSExpr == 0;
  if (isLHSNull)
    LHSExpr = CondExpr;
  
  QualType result = CheckConditionalOperands(CondExpr, LHSExpr, 
                                             RHSExpr, QuestionLoc);
  if (result.isNull())
    return true;
  return new ConditionalOperator(CondExpr, isLHSNull ? 0 : LHSExpr,
                                 RHSExpr, result);
}

/// DefaultArgumentPromotion (C99 6.5.2.2p6). Used for function calls that
/// do not have a prototype. Arguments that have type float are promoted to 
/// double. All other argument types are converted by UsualUnaryConversions().
void Sema::DefaultArgumentPromotion(Expr *&Expr) {
  QualType Ty = Expr->getType();
  assert(!Ty.isNull() && "DefaultArgumentPromotion - missing type");

  if (Ty == Context.FloatTy)
    ImpCastExprToType(Expr, Context.DoubleTy);
  else
    UsualUnaryConversions(Expr);
}

/// DefaultFunctionArrayConversion (C99 6.3.2.1p3, C99 6.3.2.1p4).
void Sema::DefaultFunctionArrayConversion(Expr *&e) {
  QualType t = e->getType();
  assert(!t.isNull() && "DefaultFunctionArrayConversion - missing type");

  if (const ReferenceType *ref = t->getAsReferenceType()) {
    ImpCastExprToType(e, ref->getReferenceeType()); // C++ [expr]
    t = e->getType();
  }
  if (t->isFunctionType())
    ImpCastExprToType(e, Context.getPointerType(t));
  else if (const ArrayType *ary = t->getAsArrayType()) {
    // Make sure we don't lose qualifiers when dealing with typedefs. Example:
    //   typedef int arr[10];
    //   void test2() {
    //     const arr b;
    //     b[4] = 1;
    //   }
    QualType ELT = ary->getElementType();
    // FIXME: Handle ASQualType
    ELT = ELT.getQualifiedType(t.getCVRQualifiers()|ELT.getCVRQualifiers());
    ImpCastExprToType(e, Context.getPointerType(ELT));
  }
}

/// UsualUnaryConversions - Performs various conversions that are common to most
/// operators (C99 6.3). The conversions of array and function types are 
/// sometimes surpressed. For example, the array->pointer conversion doesn't
/// apply if the array is an argument to the sizeof or address (&) operators.
/// In these instances, this routine should *not* be called.
Expr *Sema::UsualUnaryConversions(Expr *&Expr) {
  QualType Ty = Expr->getType();
  assert(!Ty.isNull() && "UsualUnaryConversions - missing type");
  
  if (const ReferenceType *Ref = Ty->getAsReferenceType()) {
    ImpCastExprToType(Expr, Ref->getReferenceeType()); // C++ [expr]
    Ty = Expr->getType();
  }
  if (Ty->isPromotableIntegerType()) // C99 6.3.1.1p2
    ImpCastExprToType(Expr, Context.IntTy);
  else
    DefaultFunctionArrayConversion(Expr);
  
  return Expr;
}

/// UsualArithmeticConversions - Performs various conversions that are common to
/// binary operators (C99 6.3.1.8). If both operands aren't arithmetic, this
/// routine returns the first non-arithmetic type found. The client is 
/// responsible for emitting appropriate error diagnostics.
/// FIXME: verify the conversion rules for "complex int" are consistent with GCC.
QualType Sema::UsualArithmeticConversions(Expr *&lhsExpr, Expr *&rhsExpr,
                                          bool isCompAssign) {
  if (!isCompAssign) {
    UsualUnaryConversions(lhsExpr);
    UsualUnaryConversions(rhsExpr);
  }
  // For conversion purposes, we ignore any qualifiers. 
  // For example, "const float" and "float" are equivalent.
  QualType lhs = lhsExpr->getType().getCanonicalType().getUnqualifiedType();
  QualType rhs = rhsExpr->getType().getCanonicalType().getUnqualifiedType();
  
  // If both types are identical, no conversion is needed.
  if (lhs == rhs)
    return lhs;
  
  // If either side is a non-arithmetic type (e.g. a pointer), we are done.
  // The caller can deal with this (e.g. pointer + int).
  if (!lhs->isArithmeticType() || !rhs->isArithmeticType())
    return lhs;
    
  // At this point, we have two different arithmetic types. 
  
  // Handle complex types first (C99 6.3.1.8p1).
  if (lhs->isComplexType() || rhs->isComplexType()) {
    // if we have an integer operand, the result is the complex type.
    if (rhs->isIntegerType() || rhs->isComplexIntegerType()) { 
      // convert the rhs to the lhs complex type.
      if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(rhsExpr, lhs);
      return lhs;
    }
    if (lhs->isIntegerType() || lhs->isComplexIntegerType()) { 
      // convert the lhs to the rhs complex type.
      if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(lhsExpr, rhs);
      return rhs;
    }
    // This handles complex/complex, complex/float, or float/complex.
    // When both operands are complex, the shorter operand is converted to the 
    // type of the longer, and that is the type of the result. This corresponds 
    // to what is done when combining two real floating-point operands. 
    // The fun begins when size promotion occur across type domains. 
    // From H&S 6.3.4: When one operand is complex and the other is a real
    // floating-point type, the less precise type is converted, within it's 
    // real or complex domain, to the precision of the other type. For example,
    // when combining a "long double" with a "double _Complex", the 
    // "double _Complex" is promoted to "long double _Complex".
    int result = Context.compareFloatingType(lhs, rhs);
    
    if (result > 0) { // The left side is bigger, convert rhs. 
      rhs = Context.getFloatingTypeOfSizeWithinDomain(lhs, rhs);
      if (!isCompAssign)
        ImpCastExprToType(rhsExpr, rhs);
    } else if (result < 0) { // The right side is bigger, convert lhs. 
      lhs = Context.getFloatingTypeOfSizeWithinDomain(rhs, lhs);
      if (!isCompAssign)
        ImpCastExprToType(lhsExpr, lhs);
    } 
    // At this point, lhs and rhs have the same rank/size. Now, make sure the
    // domains match. This is a requirement for our implementation, C99
    // does not require this promotion.
    if (lhs != rhs) { // Domains don't match, we have complex/float mix.
      if (lhs->isRealFloatingType()) { // handle "double, _Complex double".
        if (!isCompAssign)
          ImpCastExprToType(lhsExpr, rhs);
        return rhs;
      } else { // handle "_Complex double, double".
        if (!isCompAssign)
          ImpCastExprToType(rhsExpr, lhs);
        return lhs;
      }
    }
    return lhs; // The domain/size match exactly.
  }
  // Now handle "real" floating types (i.e. float, double, long double).
  if (lhs->isRealFloatingType() || rhs->isRealFloatingType()) {
    // if we have an integer operand, the result is the real floating type.
    if (rhs->isIntegerType() || rhs->isComplexIntegerType()) { 
      // convert rhs to the lhs floating point type.
      if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(rhsExpr, lhs);
      return lhs;
    }
    if (lhs->isIntegerType() || lhs->isComplexIntegerType()) { 
      // convert lhs to the rhs floating point type.
      if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(lhsExpr, rhs);
      return rhs;
    }
    // We have two real floating types, float/complex combos were handled above.
    // Convert the smaller operand to the bigger result.
    int result = Context.compareFloatingType(lhs, rhs);
    
    if (result > 0) { // convert the rhs
      if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(rhsExpr, lhs);
      return lhs;
    }
    if (result < 0) { // convert the lhs
      if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(lhsExpr, rhs); // convert the lhs
      return rhs;
    }
    assert(0 && "Sema::UsualArithmeticConversions(): illegal float comparison");
  }
  if (lhs->isComplexIntegerType() || rhs->isComplexIntegerType()) {
    // Handle GCC complex int extension.
    const ComplexType *lhsComplexInt = lhs->getAsComplexIntegerType();
    const ComplexType *rhsComplexInt = rhs->getAsComplexIntegerType();

    if (lhsComplexInt && rhsComplexInt) {
      if (Context.maxIntegerType(lhsComplexInt->getElementType(), 
                                 rhsComplexInt->getElementType()) == lhs) {
        // convert the rhs
        if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(rhsExpr, lhs);
        return lhs;
      }
      if (!isCompAssign) 
        ImpCastExprToType(lhsExpr, rhs); // convert the lhs
      return rhs;
    } else if (lhsComplexInt && rhs->isIntegerType()) {
      // convert the rhs to the lhs complex type.
      if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(rhsExpr, lhs);
      return lhs;
    } else if (rhsComplexInt && lhs->isIntegerType()) {
      // convert the lhs to the rhs complex type.
      if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(lhsExpr, rhs);
      return rhs;
    }
  }
  // Finally, we have two differing integer types.
  if (Context.maxIntegerType(lhs, rhs) == lhs) { // convert the rhs
    if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(rhsExpr, lhs);
    return lhs;
  }
  if (!isCompAssign) ImpCastExprToType(lhsExpr, rhs); // convert the lhs
  return rhs;
}

// CheckPointerTypesForAssignment - This is a very tricky routine (despite
// being closely modeled after the C99 spec:-). The odd characteristic of this 
// routine is it effectively iqnores the qualifiers on the top level pointee.
// This circumvents the usual type rules specified in 6.2.7p1 & 6.7.5.[1-3].
// FIXME: add a couple examples in this comment.
Sema::AssignConvertType 
Sema::CheckPointerTypesForAssignment(QualType lhsType, QualType rhsType) {
  QualType lhptee, rhptee;
  
  // get the "pointed to" type (ignoring qualifiers at the top level)
  lhptee = lhsType->getAsPointerType()->getPointeeType();
  rhptee = rhsType->getAsPointerType()->getPointeeType();
  
  // make sure we operate on the canonical type
  lhptee = lhptee.getCanonicalType();
  rhptee = rhptee.getCanonicalType();

  AssignConvertType ConvTy = Compatible;
  
  // C99 6.5.16.1p1: This following citation is common to constraints 
  // 3 & 4 (below). ...and the type *pointed to* by the left has all the 
  // qualifiers of the type *pointed to* by the right; 
  // FIXME: Handle ASQualType
  if ((lhptee.getCVRQualifiers() & rhptee.getCVRQualifiers()) != 
       rhptee.getCVRQualifiers())
    ConvTy = CompatiblePointerDiscardsQualifiers;

  // C99 6.5.16.1p1 (constraint 4): If one operand is a pointer to an object or 
  // incomplete type and the other is a pointer to a qualified or unqualified 
  // version of void...
  if (lhptee->isVoidType()) {
    if (rhptee->isObjectType() || rhptee->isIncompleteType())
      return ConvTy;
    
    // As an extension, we allow cast to/from void* to function pointer.
    if (rhptee->isFunctionType())
      return FunctionVoidPointer;
  }
  
  if (rhptee->isVoidType()) {
    if (lhptee->isObjectType() || lhptee->isIncompleteType())
      return ConvTy;

    // As an extension, we allow cast to/from void* to function pointer.
    if (lhptee->isFunctionType())
      return FunctionVoidPointer;
  }
  
  // C99 6.5.16.1p1 (constraint 3): both operands are pointers to qualified or 
  // unqualified versions of compatible types, ...
  if (!Context.typesAreCompatible(lhptee.getUnqualifiedType(), 
                                  rhptee.getUnqualifiedType()))
    return IncompatiblePointer; // this "trumps" PointerAssignDiscardsQualifiers
  return ConvTy;
}

/// CheckAssignmentConstraints (C99 6.5.16) - This routine currently 
/// has code to accommodate several GCC extensions when type checking 
/// pointers. Here are some objectionable examples that GCC considers warnings:
///
///  int a, *pint;
///  short *pshort;
///  struct foo *pfoo;
///
///  pint = pshort; // warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
///  a = pint; // warning: assignment makes integer from pointer without a cast
///  pint = a; // warning: assignment makes pointer from integer without a cast
///  pint = pfoo; // warning: assignment from incompatible pointer type
///
/// As a result, the code for dealing with pointers is more complex than the
/// C99 spec dictates. 
/// Note: the warning above turn into errors when -pedantic-errors is enabled. 
///
Sema::AssignConvertType
Sema::CheckAssignmentConstraints(QualType lhsType, QualType rhsType) {
  // Get canonical types.  We're not formatting these types, just comparing
  // them.
  lhsType = lhsType.getCanonicalType();
  rhsType = rhsType.getCanonicalType();
  
  if (lhsType.getUnqualifiedType() == rhsType.getUnqualifiedType())
    return Compatible; // Common case: fast path an exact match.

  if (lhsType->isReferenceType() || rhsType->isReferenceType()) {
    if (Context.referenceTypesAreCompatible(lhsType, rhsType))
      return Compatible;
    return Incompatible;
  }
  
  if (lhsType->isObjCQualifiedIdType() 
           || rhsType->isObjCQualifiedIdType()) {
    if (Context.ObjCQualifiedIdTypesAreCompatible(lhsType, rhsType))
      return Compatible;
    return Incompatible;
  }

  if (lhsType->isVectorType() || rhsType->isVectorType()) {
    // For OCUVector, allow vector splats; float -> <n x float>
    if (const OCUVectorType *LV = lhsType->getAsOCUVectorType()) {
      if (LV->getElementType().getTypePtr() == rhsType.getTypePtr())
        return Compatible;
    }
    
    // If LHS and RHS are both vectors of integer or both vectors of floating
    // point types, and the total vector length is the same, allow the
    // conversion.  This is a bitcast; no bits are changed but the result type
    // is different.
    if (getLangOptions().LaxVectorConversions &&
        lhsType->isVectorType() && rhsType->isVectorType()) {
      if ((lhsType->isIntegerType() && rhsType->isIntegerType()) ||
          (lhsType->isRealFloatingType() && rhsType->isRealFloatingType())) {
        if (Context.getTypeSize(lhsType, SourceLocation()) == 
            Context.getTypeSize(rhsType, SourceLocation()))
          return Compatible;
      }
    }
    return Incompatible;
  }      
  
  if (lhsType->isArithmeticType() && rhsType->isArithmeticType())
    return Compatible;
  
  if (lhsType->isPointerType()) {
    if (rhsType->isIntegerType())
      return IntToPointer;
      
    if (rhsType->isPointerType())
      return CheckPointerTypesForAssignment(lhsType, rhsType);
    return Incompatible;
  }

  if (rhsType->isPointerType()) {
    // C99 6.5.16.1p1: the left operand is _Bool and the right is a pointer.
    if ((lhsType->isIntegerType()) && (lhsType != Context.BoolTy))
      return PointerToInt;

    if (lhsType->isPointerType()) 
      return CheckPointerTypesForAssignment(lhsType, rhsType);
    return Incompatible;
  }
  
  if (isa<TagType>(lhsType) && isa<TagType>(rhsType)) {
    if (Context.tagTypesAreCompatible(lhsType, rhsType))
      return Compatible;
  }
  return Incompatible;
}

Sema::AssignConvertType
Sema::CheckSingleAssignmentConstraints(QualType lhsType, Expr *&rExpr) {
  // C99 6.5.16.1p1: the left operand is a pointer and the right is
  // a null pointer constant.
  if ((lhsType->isPointerType() || lhsType->isObjCQualifiedIdType()) 
      && rExpr->isNullPointerConstant(Context)) {
    ImpCastExprToType(rExpr, lhsType);
    return Compatible;
  }
  // This check seems unnatural, however it is necessary to ensure the proper
  // conversion of functions/arrays. If the conversion were done for all
  // DeclExpr's (created by ActOnIdentifierExpr), it would mess up the unary
  // expressions that surpress this implicit conversion (&, sizeof).
  //
  // Suppress this for references: C99 8.5.3p5.  FIXME: revisit when references
  // are better understood.
  if (!lhsType->isReferenceType())
    DefaultFunctionArrayConversion(rExpr);

  Sema::AssignConvertType result =
    CheckAssignmentConstraints(lhsType, rExpr->getType());
  
  // C99 6.5.16.1p2: The value of the right operand is converted to the
  // type of the assignment expression.
  if (rExpr->getType() != lhsType)
    ImpCastExprToType(rExpr, lhsType);
  return result;
}

Sema::AssignConvertType
Sema::CheckCompoundAssignmentConstraints(QualType lhsType, QualType rhsType) {
  return CheckAssignmentConstraints(lhsType, rhsType);
}

QualType Sema::InvalidOperands(SourceLocation loc, Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex) {
  Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_invalid_operands, 
       lex->getType().getAsString(), rex->getType().getAsString(),
       lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
  return QualType();
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckVectorOperands(SourceLocation loc, Expr *&lex, 
                                                              Expr *&rex) {
  QualType lhsType = lex->getType(), rhsType = rex->getType();
  
  // make sure the vector types are identical. 
  if (lhsType == rhsType)
    return lhsType;

  // if the lhs is an ocu vector and the rhs is a scalar of the same type,
  // promote the rhs to the vector type.
  if (const OCUVectorType *V = lhsType->getAsOCUVectorType()) {
    if (V->getElementType().getCanonicalType().getTypePtr()
        == rhsType.getCanonicalType().getTypePtr()) {
      ImpCastExprToType(rex, lhsType);
      return lhsType;
    }
  }

  // if the rhs is an ocu vector and the lhs is a scalar of the same type,
  // promote the lhs to the vector type.
  if (const OCUVectorType *V = rhsType->getAsOCUVectorType()) {
    if (V->getElementType().getCanonicalType().getTypePtr()
        == lhsType.getCanonicalType().getTypePtr()) {
      ImpCastExprToType(lex, rhsType);
      return rhsType;
    }
  }

  // You cannot convert between vector values of different size.
  Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_vector_not_convertable, 
       lex->getType().getAsString(), rex->getType().getAsString(),
       lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
  return QualType();
}    

inline QualType Sema::CheckMultiplyDivideOperands(
  Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc, bool isCompAssign) 
{
  QualType lhsType = lex->getType(), rhsType = rex->getType();

  if (lhsType->isVectorType() || rhsType->isVectorType())
    return CheckVectorOperands(loc, lex, rex);
    
  QualType compType = UsualArithmeticConversions(lex, rex, isCompAssign);
  
  if (lex->getType()->isArithmeticType() && rex->getType()->isArithmeticType())
    return compType;
  return InvalidOperands(loc, lex, rex);
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckRemainderOperands(
  Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc, bool isCompAssign) 
{
  QualType lhsType = lex->getType(), rhsType = rex->getType();

  QualType compType = UsualArithmeticConversions(lex, rex, isCompAssign);
  
  if (lex->getType()->isIntegerType() && rex->getType()->isIntegerType())
    return compType;
  return InvalidOperands(loc, lex, rex);
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckAdditionOperands( // C99 6.5.6
  Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc, bool isCompAssign) 
{
  if (lex->getType()->isVectorType() || rex->getType()->isVectorType())
    return CheckVectorOperands(loc, lex, rex);

  QualType compType = UsualArithmeticConversions(lex, rex, isCompAssign);
  
  // handle the common case first (both operands are arithmetic).
  if (lex->getType()->isArithmeticType() && rex->getType()->isArithmeticType())
    return compType;

  if (lex->getType()->isPointerType() && rex->getType()->isIntegerType())
    return lex->getType();
  if (lex->getType()->isIntegerType() && rex->getType()->isPointerType())
    return rex->getType();
  return InvalidOperands(loc, lex, rex);
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckSubtractionOperands( // C99 6.5.6
  Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc, bool isCompAssign) 
{
  if (lex->getType()->isVectorType() || rex->getType()->isVectorType())
    return CheckVectorOperands(loc, lex, rex);
    
  QualType compType = UsualArithmeticConversions(lex, rex, isCompAssign);
  
  // Enforce type constraints: C99 6.5.6p3.
  
  // Handle the common case first (both operands are arithmetic).
  if (lex->getType()->isArithmeticType() && rex->getType()->isArithmeticType())
    return compType;
  
  // Either ptr - int   or   ptr - ptr.
  if (const PointerType *LHSPTy = lex->getType()->getAsPointerType()) {
    QualType lpointee = LHSPTy->getPointeeType();
    
    // The LHS must be an object type, not incomplete, function, etc.
    if (!lpointee->isObjectType()) {
      // Handle the GNU void* extension.
      if (lpointee->isVoidType()) {
        Diag(loc, diag::ext_gnu_void_ptr, 
             lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
      } else {
        Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_sub_ptr_object,
             lex->getType().getAsString(), lex->getSourceRange());
        return QualType();
      }
    }

    // The result type of a pointer-int computation is the pointer type.
    if (rex->getType()->isIntegerType())
      return lex->getType();
    
    // Handle pointer-pointer subtractions.
    if (const PointerType *RHSPTy = rex->getType()->getAsPointerType()) {
      QualType rpointee = RHSPTy->getPointeeType();
      
      // RHS must be an object type, unless void (GNU).
      if (!rpointee->isObjectType()) {
        // Handle the GNU void* extension.
        if (rpointee->isVoidType()) {
          if (!lpointee->isVoidType())
            Diag(loc, diag::ext_gnu_void_ptr, 
                 lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
        } else {
          Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_sub_ptr_object,
               rex->getType().getAsString(), rex->getSourceRange());
          return QualType();
        }
      }
      
      // Pointee types must be compatible.
      if (!Context.typesAreCompatible(lpointee.getUnqualifiedType(), 
                                      rpointee.getUnqualifiedType())) {
        Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_sub_ptr_compatible,
             lex->getType().getAsString(), rex->getType().getAsString(),
             lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
        return QualType();
      }
      
      return Context.getPointerDiffType();
    }
  }
  
  return InvalidOperands(loc, lex, rex);
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckShiftOperands( // C99 6.5.7
  Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc, bool isCompAssign) {
  // C99 6.5.7p2: Each of the operands shall have integer type.
  if (!lex->getType()->isIntegerType() || !rex->getType()->isIntegerType())
    return InvalidOperands(loc, lex, rex);
  
  // Shifts don't perform usual arithmetic conversions, they just do integer
  // promotions on each operand. C99 6.5.7p3
  if (!isCompAssign)
    UsualUnaryConversions(lex);
  UsualUnaryConversions(rex);
  
  // "The type of the result is that of the promoted left operand."
  return lex->getType();
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckCompareOperands( // C99 6.5.8
  Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc, bool isRelational)
{
  // C99 6.5.8p3 / C99 6.5.9p4
  if (lex->getType()->isArithmeticType() && rex->getType()->isArithmeticType())
    UsualArithmeticConversions(lex, rex);
  else {
    UsualUnaryConversions(lex);
    UsualUnaryConversions(rex);
  }
  QualType lType = lex->getType();
  QualType rType = rex->getType();
  
  // For non-floating point types, check for self-comparisons of the form
  // x == x, x != x, x < x, etc.  These always evaluate to a constant, and
  // often indicate logic errors in the program.
  if (!lType->isFloatingType()) {
    if (DeclRefExpr* DRL = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(lex->IgnoreParens()))
      if (DeclRefExpr* DRR = dyn_cast<DeclRefExpr>(rex->IgnoreParens()))
        if (DRL->getDecl() == DRR->getDecl())
          Diag(loc, diag::warn_selfcomparison);      
  }
  
  if (isRelational) {
    if (lType->isRealType() && rType->isRealType())
      return Context.IntTy;
  } else {
    // Check for comparisons of floating point operands using != and ==.
    if (lType->isFloatingType()) {
      assert (rType->isFloatingType());
      CheckFloatComparison(loc,lex,rex);
    }
    
    if (lType->isArithmeticType() && rType->isArithmeticType())
      return Context.IntTy;
  }
  
  bool LHSIsNull = lex->isNullPointerConstant(Context);
  bool RHSIsNull = rex->isNullPointerConstant(Context);
  
  // All of the following pointer related warnings are GCC extensions, except
  // when handling null pointer constants. One day, we can consider making them
  // errors (when -pedantic-errors is enabled).
  if (lType->isPointerType() && rType->isPointerType()) { // C99 6.5.8p2
    QualType lpointee = lType->getAsPointerType()->getPointeeType();
    QualType rpointee = rType->getAsPointerType()->getPointeeType();
    
    if (!LHSIsNull && !RHSIsNull &&                       // C99 6.5.9p2
        !lpointee->isVoidType() && !lpointee->isVoidType() &&
        !Context.typesAreCompatible(lpointee.getUnqualifiedType(),
                                    rpointee.getUnqualifiedType())) {
      Diag(loc, diag::ext_typecheck_comparison_of_distinct_pointers,
           lType.getAsString(), rType.getAsString(),
           lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
    }
    ImpCastExprToType(rex, lType); // promote the pointer to pointer
    return Context.IntTy;
  }
  if ((lType->isObjCQualifiedIdType() || rType->isObjCQualifiedIdType())
      && Context.ObjCQualifiedIdTypesAreCompatible(lType, rType, true)) {
    ImpCastExprToType(rex, lType); 
    return Context.IntTy;
  }
  if (lType->isPointerType() && rType->isIntegerType()) {
    if (!RHSIsNull)
      Diag(loc, diag::ext_typecheck_comparison_of_pointer_integer,
           lType.getAsString(), rType.getAsString(),
           lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
    ImpCastExprToType(rex, lType); // promote the integer to pointer
    return Context.IntTy;
  }
  if (lType->isIntegerType() && rType->isPointerType()) {
    if (!LHSIsNull)
      Diag(loc, diag::ext_typecheck_comparison_of_pointer_integer,
           lType.getAsString(), rType.getAsString(),
           lex->getSourceRange(), rex->getSourceRange());
    ImpCastExprToType(lex, rType); // promote the integer to pointer
    return Context.IntTy;
  }
  return InvalidOperands(loc, lex, rex);
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckBitwiseOperands(
  Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc, bool isCompAssign) 
{
  if (lex->getType()->isVectorType() || rex->getType()->isVectorType())
    return CheckVectorOperands(loc, lex, rex);

  QualType compType = UsualArithmeticConversions(lex, rex, isCompAssign);
  
  if (lex->getType()->isIntegerType() && rex->getType()->isIntegerType())
    return compType;
  return InvalidOperands(loc, lex, rex);
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckLogicalOperands( // C99 6.5.[13,14]
  Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc) 
{
  UsualUnaryConversions(lex);
  UsualUnaryConversions(rex);
  
  if (lex->getType()->isScalarType() || rex->getType()->isScalarType())
    return Context.IntTy;
  return InvalidOperands(loc, lex, rex);
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckAssignmentOperands( // C99 6.5.16.1
  Expr *lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc, QualType compoundType) 
{
  QualType lhsType = lex->getType();
  QualType rhsType = compoundType.isNull() ? rex->getType() : compoundType;
  Expr::isModifiableLvalueResult mlval = lex->isModifiableLvalue(); 

  switch (mlval) { // C99 6.5.16p2
  case Expr::MLV_Valid: 
    break;
  case Expr::MLV_ConstQualified:
    Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_assign_const, lex->getSourceRange());
    return QualType();
  case Expr::MLV_ArrayType: 
    Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_array_not_modifiable_lvalue,
         lhsType.getAsString(), lex->getSourceRange());
    return QualType(); 
  case Expr::MLV_NotObjectType: 
    Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_non_object_not_modifiable_lvalue,
         lhsType.getAsString(), lex->getSourceRange());
    return QualType();
  case Expr::MLV_InvalidExpression:
    Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_expression_not_modifiable_lvalue,
         lex->getSourceRange());
    return QualType();
  case Expr::MLV_IncompleteType:
  case Expr::MLV_IncompleteVoidType:
    Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_incomplete_type_not_modifiable_lvalue,
         lhsType.getAsString(), lex->getSourceRange());
    return QualType();
  case Expr::MLV_DuplicateVectorComponents:
    Diag(loc, diag::err_typecheck_duplicate_vector_components_not_mlvalue,
         lex->getSourceRange());
    return QualType();
  }

  AssignConvertType ConvTy;
  if (compoundType.isNull())
    ConvTy = CheckSingleAssignmentConstraints(lhsType, rex);
  else
    ConvTy = CheckCompoundAssignmentConstraints(lhsType, rhsType);

  if (DiagnoseAssignmentResult(ConvTy, loc, lhsType, rhsType,
                               rex, "assigning"))
    return QualType();
  
  // C99 6.5.16p3: The type of an assignment expression is the type of the
  // left operand unless the left operand has qualified type, in which case
  // it is the unqualified version of the type of the left operand. 
  // C99 6.5.16.1p2: In simple assignment, the value of the right operand
  // is converted to the type of the assignment expression (above).
  // C++ 5.17p1: the type of the assignment expression is that of its left
  // oprdu.
  return lhsType.getUnqualifiedType();
}

inline QualType Sema::CheckCommaOperands( // C99 6.5.17
  Expr *&lex, Expr *&rex, SourceLocation loc) {
  UsualUnaryConversions(rex);
  return rex->getType();
}

/// CheckIncrementDecrementOperand - unlike most "Check" methods, this routine
/// doesn't need to call UsualUnaryConversions or UsualArithmeticConversions.
QualType Sema::CheckIncrementDecrementOperand(Expr *op, SourceLocation OpLoc) {
  QualType resType = op->getType();
  assert(!resType.isNull() && "no type for increment/decrement expression");

  // C99 6.5.2.4p1: We allow complex as a GCC extension.
  if (const PointerType *pt = resType->getAsPointerType()) {
    if (!pt->getPointeeType()->isObjectType()) { // C99 6.5.2.4p2, 6.5.6p2
      Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_arithmetic_incomplete_type,
           resType.getAsString(), op->getSourceRange());
      return QualType();
    }
  } else if (!resType->isRealType()) {
    if (resType->isComplexType()) 
      // C99 does not support ++/-- on complex types.
      Diag(OpLoc, diag::ext_integer_increment_complex,
           resType.getAsString(), op->getSourceRange());
    else {
      Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_illegal_increment_decrement,
           resType.getAsString(), op->getSourceRange());
      return QualType();
    }
  }
  // At this point, we know we have a real, complex or pointer type. 
  // Now make sure the operand is a modifiable lvalue.
  Expr::isModifiableLvalueResult mlval = op->isModifiableLvalue();
  if (mlval != Expr::MLV_Valid) {
    // FIXME: emit a more precise diagnostic...
    Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_invalid_lvalue_incr_decr,
         op->getSourceRange());
    return QualType();
  }
  return resType;
}

/// getPrimaryDecl - Helper function for CheckAddressOfOperand().
/// This routine allows us to typecheck complex/recursive expressions
/// where the declaration is needed for type checking. Here are some
/// examples: &s.xx, &s.zz[1].yy, &(1+2), &(XX), &"123"[2].
static ValueDecl *getPrimaryDecl(Expr *e) {
  switch (e->getStmtClass()) {
  case Stmt::DeclRefExprClass:
    return cast<DeclRefExpr>(e)->getDecl();
  case Stmt::MemberExprClass:
    // Fields cannot be declared with a 'register' storage class.
    // &X->f is always ok, even if X is declared register.
    if (cast<MemberExpr>(e)->isArrow())
      return 0;
    return getPrimaryDecl(cast<MemberExpr>(e)->getBase());
  case Stmt::ArraySubscriptExprClass: {
    // &X[4] and &4[X] is invalid if X is invalid and X is not a pointer.
  
    ValueDecl *VD = getPrimaryDecl(cast<ArraySubscriptExpr>(e)->getBase());
    if (!VD || VD->getType()->isPointerType())
      return 0;
    else
      return VD;
  }
  case Stmt::UnaryOperatorClass:
    return getPrimaryDecl(cast<UnaryOperator>(e)->getSubExpr());
  case Stmt::ParenExprClass:
    return getPrimaryDecl(cast<ParenExpr>(e)->getSubExpr());
  case Stmt::ImplicitCastExprClass:
    // &X[4] when X is an array, has an implicit cast from array to pointer.
    return getPrimaryDecl(cast<ImplicitCastExpr>(e)->getSubExpr());
  default:
    return 0;
  }
}

/// CheckAddressOfOperand - The operand of & must be either a function
/// designator or an lvalue designating an object. If it is an lvalue, the 
/// object cannot be declared with storage class register or be a bit field.
/// Note: The usual conversions are *not* applied to the operand of the & 
/// operator (C99 6.3.2.1p[2-4]), and its result is never an lvalue.
QualType Sema::CheckAddressOfOperand(Expr *op, SourceLocation OpLoc) {
  if (getLangOptions().C99) {
    // Implement C99-only parts of addressof rules.
    if (UnaryOperator* uOp = dyn_cast<UnaryOperator>(op)) {
      if (uOp->getOpcode() == UnaryOperator::Deref)
        // Per C99 6.5.3.2, the address of a deref always returns a valid result
        // (assuming the deref expression is valid).
        return uOp->getSubExpr()->getType();
    }
    // Technically, there should be a check for array subscript
    // expressions here, but the result of one is always an lvalue anyway.
  }
  ValueDecl *dcl = getPrimaryDecl(op);
  Expr::isLvalueResult lval = op->isLvalue();
  
  if (lval != Expr::LV_Valid) { // C99 6.5.3.2p1
    if (!dcl || !isa<FunctionDecl>(dcl)) {// allow function designators
      // FIXME: emit more specific diag...
      Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_invalid_lvalue_addrof, 
           op->getSourceRange());
      return QualType();
    }
  } else if (dcl) {
    // We have an lvalue with a decl. Make sure the decl is not declared 
    // with the register storage-class specifier.
    if (const VarDecl *vd = dyn_cast<VarDecl>(dcl)) {
      if (vd->getStorageClass() == VarDecl::Register) {
        Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_address_of_register, 
             op->getSourceRange());
        return QualType();
      }
    } else 
      assert(0 && "Unknown/unexpected decl type");
    
    // FIXME: add check for bitfields!
  }
  // If the operand has type "type", the result has type "pointer to type".
  return Context.getPointerType(op->getType());
}

QualType Sema::CheckIndirectionOperand(Expr *op, SourceLocation OpLoc) {
  UsualUnaryConversions(op);
  QualType qType = op->getType();
  
  if (const PointerType *PT = qType->getAsPointerType()) {
    // Note that per both C89 and C99, this is always legal, even
    // if ptype is an incomplete type or void.
    // It would be possible to warn about dereferencing a
    // void pointer, but it's completely well-defined,
    // and such a warning is unlikely to catch any mistakes.
    return PT->getPointeeType();
  }
  Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_indirection_requires_pointer, 
       qType.getAsString(), op->getSourceRange());
  return QualType();
}

static inline BinaryOperator::Opcode ConvertTokenKindToBinaryOpcode(
  tok::TokenKind Kind) {
  BinaryOperator::Opcode Opc;
  switch (Kind) {
  default: assert(0 && "Unknown binop!");
  case tok::star:                 Opc = BinaryOperator::Mul; break;
  case tok::slash:                Opc = BinaryOperator::Div; break;
  case tok::percent:              Opc = BinaryOperator::Rem; break;
  case tok::plus:                 Opc = BinaryOperator::Add; break;
  case tok::minus:                Opc = BinaryOperator::Sub; break;
  case tok::lessless:             Opc = BinaryOperator::Shl; break;
  case tok::greatergreater:       Opc = BinaryOperator::Shr; break;
  case tok::lessequal:            Opc = BinaryOperator::LE; break;
  case tok::less:                 Opc = BinaryOperator::LT; break;
  case tok::greaterequal:         Opc = BinaryOperator::GE; break;
  case tok::greater:              Opc = BinaryOperator::GT; break;
  case tok::exclaimequal:         Opc = BinaryOperator::NE; break;
  case tok::equalequal:           Opc = BinaryOperator::EQ; break;
  case tok::amp:                  Opc = BinaryOperator::And; break;
  case tok::caret:                Opc = BinaryOperator::Xor; break;
  case tok::pipe:                 Opc = BinaryOperator::Or; break;
  case tok::ampamp:               Opc = BinaryOperator::LAnd; break;
  case tok::pipepipe:             Opc = BinaryOperator::LOr; break;
  case tok::equal:                Opc = BinaryOperator::Assign; break;
  case tok::starequal:            Opc = BinaryOperator::MulAssign; break;
  case tok::slashequal:           Opc = BinaryOperator::DivAssign; break;
  case tok::percentequal:         Opc = BinaryOperator::RemAssign; break;
  case tok::plusequal:            Opc = BinaryOperator::AddAssign; break;
  case tok::minusequal:           Opc = BinaryOperator::SubAssign; break;
  case tok::lesslessequal:        Opc = BinaryOperator::ShlAssign; break;
  case tok::greatergreaterequal:  Opc = BinaryOperator::ShrAssign; break;
  case tok::ampequal:             Opc = BinaryOperator::AndAssign; break;
  case tok::caretequal:           Opc = BinaryOperator::XorAssign; break;
  case tok::pipeequal:            Opc = BinaryOperator::OrAssign; break;
  case tok::comma:                Opc = BinaryOperator::Comma; break;
  }
  return Opc;
}

static inline UnaryOperator::Opcode ConvertTokenKindToUnaryOpcode(
  tok::TokenKind Kind) {
  UnaryOperator::Opcode Opc;
  switch (Kind) {
  default: assert(0 && "Unknown unary op!");
  case tok::plusplus:     Opc = UnaryOperator::PreInc; break;
  case tok::minusminus:   Opc = UnaryOperator::PreDec; break;
  case tok::amp:          Opc = UnaryOperator::AddrOf; break;
  case tok::star:         Opc = UnaryOperator::Deref; break;
  case tok::plus:         Opc = UnaryOperator::Plus; break;
  case tok::minus:        Opc = UnaryOperator::Minus; break;
  case tok::tilde:        Opc = UnaryOperator::Not; break;
  case tok::exclaim:      Opc = UnaryOperator::LNot; break;
  case tok::kw_sizeof:    Opc = UnaryOperator::SizeOf; break;
  case tok::kw___alignof: Opc = UnaryOperator::AlignOf; break;
  case tok::kw___real:    Opc = UnaryOperator::Real; break;
  case tok::kw___imag:    Opc = UnaryOperator::Imag; break;
  case tok::kw___extension__: Opc = UnaryOperator::Extension; break;
  }
  return Opc;
}

// Binary Operators.  'Tok' is the token for the operator.
Action::ExprResult Sema::ActOnBinOp(SourceLocation TokLoc, tok::TokenKind Kind,
                                    ExprTy *LHS, ExprTy *RHS) {
  BinaryOperator::Opcode Opc = ConvertTokenKindToBinaryOpcode(Kind);
  Expr *lhs = (Expr *)LHS, *rhs = (Expr*)RHS;

  assert((lhs != 0) && "ActOnBinOp(): missing left expression");
  assert((rhs != 0) && "ActOnBinOp(): missing right expression");

  QualType ResultTy;  // Result type of the binary operator.
  QualType CompTy;    // Computation type for compound assignments (e.g. '+=')
  
  switch (Opc) {
  default:
    assert(0 && "Unknown binary expr!");
  case BinaryOperator::Assign:
    ResultTy = CheckAssignmentOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, QualType());
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::Mul: 
  case BinaryOperator::Div:
    ResultTy = CheckMultiplyDivideOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::Rem:
    ResultTy = CheckRemainderOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::Add:
    ResultTy = CheckAdditionOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::Sub:
    ResultTy = CheckSubtractionOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::Shl: 
  case BinaryOperator::Shr:
    ResultTy = CheckShiftOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::LE:
  case BinaryOperator::LT:
  case BinaryOperator::GE:
  case BinaryOperator::GT:
    ResultTy = CheckCompareOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, true);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::EQ:
  case BinaryOperator::NE:
    ResultTy = CheckCompareOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, false);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::And:
  case BinaryOperator::Xor:
  case BinaryOperator::Or:
    ResultTy = CheckBitwiseOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::LAnd:
  case BinaryOperator::LOr:
    ResultTy = CheckLogicalOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::MulAssign:
  case BinaryOperator::DivAssign:
    CompTy = CheckMultiplyDivideOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, true);
    if (!CompTy.isNull())
      ResultTy = CheckAssignmentOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, CompTy);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::RemAssign:
    CompTy = CheckRemainderOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, true);
    if (!CompTy.isNull())
      ResultTy = CheckAssignmentOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, CompTy);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::AddAssign:
    CompTy = CheckAdditionOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, true);
    if (!CompTy.isNull())
      ResultTy = CheckAssignmentOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, CompTy);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::SubAssign:
    CompTy = CheckSubtractionOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, true);
    if (!CompTy.isNull())
      ResultTy = CheckAssignmentOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, CompTy);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::ShlAssign:
  case BinaryOperator::ShrAssign:
    CompTy = CheckShiftOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, true);
    if (!CompTy.isNull())
      ResultTy = CheckAssignmentOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, CompTy);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::AndAssign:
  case BinaryOperator::XorAssign:
  case BinaryOperator::OrAssign:
    CompTy = CheckBitwiseOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, true);
    if (!CompTy.isNull())
      ResultTy = CheckAssignmentOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc, CompTy);
    break;
  case BinaryOperator::Comma:
    ResultTy = CheckCommaOperands(lhs, rhs, TokLoc);
    break;
  }
  if (ResultTy.isNull())
    return true;
  if (CompTy.isNull())
    return new BinaryOperator(lhs, rhs, Opc, ResultTy, TokLoc);
  else
    return new CompoundAssignOperator(lhs, rhs, Opc, ResultTy, CompTy, TokLoc);
}

// Unary Operators.  'Tok' is the token for the operator.
Action::ExprResult Sema::ActOnUnaryOp(SourceLocation OpLoc, tok::TokenKind Op,
                                      ExprTy *input) {
  Expr *Input = (Expr*)input;
  UnaryOperator::Opcode Opc = ConvertTokenKindToUnaryOpcode(Op);
  QualType resultType;
  switch (Opc) {
  default:
    assert(0 && "Unimplemented unary expr!");
  case UnaryOperator::PreInc:
  case UnaryOperator::PreDec:
    resultType = CheckIncrementDecrementOperand(Input, OpLoc);
    break;
  case UnaryOperator::AddrOf: 
    resultType = CheckAddressOfOperand(Input, OpLoc);
    break;
  case UnaryOperator::Deref: 
    DefaultFunctionArrayConversion(Input);
    resultType = CheckIndirectionOperand(Input, OpLoc);
    break;
  case UnaryOperator::Plus:
  case UnaryOperator::Minus:
    UsualUnaryConversions(Input);
    resultType = Input->getType();
    if (!resultType->isArithmeticType())  // C99 6.5.3.3p1
      return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_unary_expr, 
                  resultType.getAsString());
    break;
  case UnaryOperator::Not: // bitwise complement
    UsualUnaryConversions(Input);
    resultType = Input->getType();
    // C99 6.5.3.3p1. We allow complex as a GCC extension.
    if (!resultType->isIntegerType()) {
      if (resultType->isComplexType())
        // C99 does not support '~' for complex conjugation.
        Diag(OpLoc, diag::ext_integer_complement_complex,
                    resultType.getAsString());
      else
        return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_unary_expr,
                    resultType.getAsString());
    }
    break;
  case UnaryOperator::LNot: // logical negation
    // Unlike +/-/~, integer promotions aren't done here (C99 6.5.3.3p5).
    DefaultFunctionArrayConversion(Input);
    resultType = Input->getType();
    if (!resultType->isScalarType()) // C99 6.5.3.3p1
      return Diag(OpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_unary_expr,
                  resultType.getAsString());
    // LNot always has type int. C99 6.5.3.3p5.
    resultType = Context.IntTy;
    break;
  case UnaryOperator::SizeOf:
    resultType = CheckSizeOfAlignOfOperand(Input->getType(), OpLoc, true);
    break;
  case UnaryOperator::AlignOf:
    resultType = CheckSizeOfAlignOfOperand(Input->getType(), OpLoc, false);
    break;
  case UnaryOperator::Real:
  case UnaryOperator::Imag:
    resultType = CheckRealImagOperand(Input, OpLoc);
    break;
  case UnaryOperator::Extension:
    resultType = Input->getType();
    break;
  }
  if (resultType.isNull())
    return true;
  return new UnaryOperator(Input, Opc, resultType, OpLoc);
}

/// ActOnAddrLabel - Parse the GNU address of label extension: "&&foo".
Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnAddrLabel(SourceLocation OpLoc, 
                                      SourceLocation LabLoc,
                                      IdentifierInfo *LabelII) {
  // Look up the record for this label identifier.
  LabelStmt *&LabelDecl = LabelMap[LabelII];
  
  // If we haven't seen this label yet, create a forward reference.
  if (LabelDecl == 0)
    LabelDecl = new LabelStmt(LabLoc, LabelII, 0);
  
  // Create the AST node.  The address of a label always has type 'void*'.
  return new AddrLabelExpr(OpLoc, LabLoc, LabelDecl,
                           Context.getPointerType(Context.VoidTy));
}

Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnStmtExpr(SourceLocation LPLoc, StmtTy *substmt,
                                     SourceLocation RPLoc) { // "({..})"
  Stmt *SubStmt = static_cast<Stmt*>(substmt);
  assert(SubStmt && isa<CompoundStmt>(SubStmt) && "Invalid action invocation!");
  CompoundStmt *Compound = cast<CompoundStmt>(SubStmt);

  // FIXME: there are a variety of strange constraints to enforce here, for
  // example, it is not possible to goto into a stmt expression apparently.
  // More semantic analysis is needed.
  
  // FIXME: the last statement in the compount stmt has its value used.  We
  // should not warn about it being unused.

  // If there are sub stmts in the compound stmt, take the type of the last one
  // as the type of the stmtexpr.
  QualType Ty = Context.VoidTy;
  
  if (!Compound->body_empty())
    if (Expr *LastExpr = dyn_cast<Expr>(Compound->body_back()))
      Ty = LastExpr->getType();
  
  return new StmtExpr(Compound, Ty, LPLoc, RPLoc);
}

Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnBuiltinOffsetOf(SourceLocation BuiltinLoc,
                                            SourceLocation TypeLoc,
                                            TypeTy *argty,
                                            OffsetOfComponent *CompPtr,
                                            unsigned NumComponents,
                                            SourceLocation RPLoc) {
  QualType ArgTy = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(argty);
  assert(!ArgTy.isNull() && "Missing type argument!");
  
  // We must have at least one component that refers to the type, and the first
  // one is known to be a field designator.  Verify that the ArgTy represents
  // a struct/union/class.
  if (!ArgTy->isRecordType())
    return Diag(TypeLoc, diag::err_offsetof_record_type,ArgTy.getAsString());
  
  // Otherwise, create a compound literal expression as the base, and
  // iteratively process the offsetof designators.
  Expr *Res = new CompoundLiteralExpr(SourceLocation(), ArgTy, 0, false);
  
  // offsetof with non-identifier designators (e.g. "offsetof(x, a.b[c])") are a
  // GCC extension, diagnose them.
  if (NumComponents != 1)
    Diag(BuiltinLoc, diag::ext_offsetof_extended_field_designator,
         SourceRange(CompPtr[1].LocStart, CompPtr[NumComponents-1].LocEnd));
  
  for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumComponents; ++i) {
    const OffsetOfComponent &OC = CompPtr[i];
    if (OC.isBrackets) {
      // Offset of an array sub-field.  TODO: Should we allow vector elements?
      const ArrayType *AT = Res->getType()->getAsArrayType();
      if (!AT) {
        delete Res;
        return Diag(OC.LocEnd, diag::err_offsetof_array_type,
                    Res->getType().getAsString());
      }
      
      // FIXME: C++: Verify that operator[] isn't overloaded.

      // C99 6.5.2.1p1
      Expr *Idx = static_cast<Expr*>(OC.U.E);
      if (!Idx->getType()->isIntegerType())
        return Diag(Idx->getLocStart(), diag::err_typecheck_subscript,
                    Idx->getSourceRange());
      
      Res = new ArraySubscriptExpr(Res, Idx, AT->getElementType(), OC.LocEnd);
      continue;
    }
    
    const RecordType *RC = Res->getType()->getAsRecordType();
    if (!RC) {
      delete Res;
      return Diag(OC.LocEnd, diag::err_offsetof_record_type,
                  Res->getType().getAsString());
    }
      
    // Get the decl corresponding to this.
    RecordDecl *RD = RC->getDecl();
    FieldDecl *MemberDecl = RD->getMember(OC.U.IdentInfo);
    if (!MemberDecl)
      return Diag(BuiltinLoc, diag::err_typecheck_no_member,
                  OC.U.IdentInfo->getName(),
                  SourceRange(OC.LocStart, OC.LocEnd));
    
    // FIXME: C++: Verify that MemberDecl isn't a static field.
    // FIXME: Verify that MemberDecl isn't a bitfield.
    // MemberDecl->getType() doesn't get the right qualifiers, but it doesn't
    // matter here.
    Res = new MemberExpr(Res, false, MemberDecl, OC.LocEnd, MemberDecl->getType());
  }
  
  return new UnaryOperator(Res, UnaryOperator::OffsetOf, Context.getSizeType(),
                           BuiltinLoc);
}


Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnTypesCompatibleExpr(SourceLocation BuiltinLoc, 
                                                TypeTy *arg1, TypeTy *arg2,
                                                SourceLocation RPLoc) {
  QualType argT1 = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(arg1);
  QualType argT2 = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(arg2);
  
  assert((!argT1.isNull() && !argT2.isNull()) && "Missing type argument(s)");
  
  return new TypesCompatibleExpr(Context.IntTy, BuiltinLoc, argT1, argT2,RPLoc);
}

Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnChooseExpr(SourceLocation BuiltinLoc, ExprTy *cond, 
                                       ExprTy *expr1, ExprTy *expr2,
                                       SourceLocation RPLoc) {
  Expr *CondExpr = static_cast<Expr*>(cond);
  Expr *LHSExpr = static_cast<Expr*>(expr1);
  Expr *RHSExpr = static_cast<Expr*>(expr2);
  
  assert((CondExpr && LHSExpr && RHSExpr) && "Missing type argument(s)");

  // The conditional expression is required to be a constant expression.
  llvm::APSInt condEval(32);
  SourceLocation ExpLoc;
  if (!CondExpr->isIntegerConstantExpr(condEval, Context, &ExpLoc))
    return Diag(ExpLoc, diag::err_typecheck_choose_expr_requires_constant,
                 CondExpr->getSourceRange());

  // If the condition is > zero, then the AST type is the same as the LSHExpr.
  QualType resType = condEval.getZExtValue() ? LHSExpr->getType() : 
                                               RHSExpr->getType();
  return new ChooseExpr(BuiltinLoc, CondExpr, LHSExpr, RHSExpr, resType, RPLoc);
}

/// ExprsMatchFnType - return true if the Exprs in array Args have
/// QualTypes that match the QualTypes of the arguments of the FnType.
/// The number of arguments has already been validated to match the number of
/// arguments in FnType.
static bool ExprsMatchFnType(Expr **Args, const FunctionTypeProto *FnType) {
  unsigned NumParams = FnType->getNumArgs();
  for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumParams; ++i)
    if (Args[i]->getType().getCanonicalType() != 
        FnType->getArgType(i).getCanonicalType())
      return false;
  return true;
}

Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnOverloadExpr(ExprTy **args, unsigned NumArgs,
                                         SourceLocation *CommaLocs,
                                         SourceLocation BuiltinLoc,
                                         SourceLocation RParenLoc) {
  // __builtin_overload requires at least 2 arguments
  if (NumArgs < 2)
    return Diag(RParenLoc, diag::err_typecheck_call_too_few_args,
                SourceRange(BuiltinLoc, RParenLoc));

  // The first argument is required to be a constant expression.  It tells us
  // the number of arguments to pass to each of the functions to be overloaded.
  Expr **Args = reinterpret_cast<Expr**>(args);
  Expr *NParamsExpr = Args[0];
  llvm::APSInt constEval(32);
  SourceLocation ExpLoc;
  if (!NParamsExpr->isIntegerConstantExpr(constEval, Context, &ExpLoc))
    return Diag(ExpLoc, diag::err_overload_expr_requires_non_zero_constant,
                NParamsExpr->getSourceRange());
  
  // Verify that the number of parameters is > 0
  unsigned NumParams = constEval.getZExtValue();
  if (NumParams == 0)
    return Diag(ExpLoc, diag::err_overload_expr_requires_non_zero_constant,
                NParamsExpr->getSourceRange());
  // Verify that we have at least 1 + NumParams arguments to the builtin.
  if ((NumParams + 1) > NumArgs)
    return Diag(RParenLoc, diag::err_typecheck_call_too_few_args,
                SourceRange(BuiltinLoc, RParenLoc));

  // Figure out the return type, by matching the args to one of the functions
  // listed after the parameters.
  OverloadExpr *OE = 0;
  for (unsigned i = NumParams + 1; i < NumArgs; ++i) {
    // UsualUnaryConversions will convert the function DeclRefExpr into a 
    // pointer to function.
    Expr *Fn = UsualUnaryConversions(Args[i]);
    FunctionTypeProto *FnType = 0;
    if (const PointerType *PT = Fn->getType()->getAsPointerType()) {
      QualType PointeeType = PT->getPointeeType().getCanonicalType();
      FnType = dyn_cast<FunctionTypeProto>(PointeeType);
    }
 
    // The Expr type must be FunctionTypeProto, since FunctionTypeProto has no
    // parameters, and the number of parameters must match the value passed to
    // the builtin.
    if (!FnType || (FnType->getNumArgs() != NumParams))
      return Diag(Fn->getExprLoc(), diag::err_overload_incorrect_fntype, 
                  Fn->getSourceRange());

    // Scan the parameter list for the FunctionType, checking the QualType of
    // each parameter against the QualTypes of the arguments to the builtin.
    // If they match, return a new OverloadExpr.
    if (ExprsMatchFnType(Args+1, FnType)) {
      if (OE)
        return Diag(Fn->getExprLoc(), diag::err_overload_multiple_match,
                    OE->getFn()->getSourceRange());
      // Remember our match, and continue processing the remaining arguments
      // to catch any errors.
      OE = new OverloadExpr(Args, NumArgs, i, FnType->getResultType(),
                            BuiltinLoc, RParenLoc);
    }
  }
  // Return the newly created OverloadExpr node, if we succeded in matching
  // exactly one of the candidate functions.
  if (OE)
    return OE;

  // If we didn't find a matching function Expr in the __builtin_overload list
  // the return an error.
  std::string typeNames;
  for (unsigned i = 0; i != NumParams; ++i) {
    if (i != 0) typeNames += ", ";
    typeNames += Args[i+1]->getType().getAsString();
  }

  return Diag(BuiltinLoc, diag::err_overload_no_match, typeNames,
              SourceRange(BuiltinLoc, RParenLoc));
}

Sema::ExprResult Sema::ActOnVAArg(SourceLocation BuiltinLoc,
                                  ExprTy *expr, TypeTy *type,
                                  SourceLocation RPLoc) {
  Expr *E = static_cast<Expr*>(expr);
  QualType T = QualType::getFromOpaquePtr(type);

  InitBuiltinVaListType();
  
  if (CheckAssignmentConstraints(Context.getBuiltinVaListType(), E->getType())
      != Compatible)
    return Diag(E->getLocStart(),
                diag::err_first_argument_to_va_arg_not_of_type_va_list,
                E->getType().getAsString(),
                E->getSourceRange());
  
  // FIXME: Warn if a non-POD type is passed in.
  
  return new VAArgExpr(BuiltinLoc, E, T, RPLoc);
}

bool Sema::DiagnoseAssignmentResult(AssignConvertType ConvTy,
                                    SourceLocation Loc,
                                    QualType DstType, QualType SrcType,
                                    Expr *SrcExpr, const char *Flavor) {
  // Decode the result (notice that AST's are still created for extensions).
  bool isInvalid = false;
  unsigned DiagKind;
  switch (ConvTy) {
  default: assert(0 && "Unknown conversion type");
  case Compatible: return false;
  case PointerToInt:
    DiagKind = diag::ext_typecheck_convert_pointer_int;
    break;
  case IntToPointer:
    DiagKind = diag::ext_typecheck_convert_int_pointer;
    break;
  case IncompatiblePointer:
    DiagKind = diag::ext_typecheck_convert_incompatible_pointer;
    break;
  case FunctionVoidPointer:
    DiagKind = diag::ext_typecheck_convert_pointer_void_func;
    break;
  case CompatiblePointerDiscardsQualifiers:
    DiagKind = diag::ext_typecheck_convert_discards_qualifiers;
    break;
  case Incompatible:
    DiagKind = diag::err_typecheck_convert_incompatible;
    isInvalid = true;
    break;
  }
  
  Diag(Loc, DiagKind, DstType.getAsString(), SrcType.getAsString(), Flavor,
       SrcExpr->getSourceRange());
  return isInvalid;
}