Lib/test/test_signal.py

import unittest
from test import support
from contextlib import closing
import gc
import pickle
import select
import signal
import struct
import subprocess
import traceback
import sys, os, time, errno
try:
    import threading
except ImportError:
    threading = None

if sys.platform in ('os2', 'riscos'):
    raise unittest.SkipTest("Can't test signal on %s" % sys.platform)


class HandlerBCalled(Exception):
    pass


def exit_subprocess():
    """Use os._exit(0) to exit the current subprocess.

    Otherwise, the test catches the SystemExit and continues executing
    in parallel with the original test, so you wind up with an
    exponential number of tests running concurrently.
    """
    os._exit(0)


def ignoring_eintr(__func, *args, **kwargs):
    try:
        return __func(*args, **kwargs)
    except EnvironmentError as e:
        if e.errno != errno.EINTR:
            raise
        return None


@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Not valid on Windows")
class InterProcessSignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
    MAX_DURATION = 20   # Entire test should last at most 20 sec.

    def setUp(self):
        self.using_gc = gc.isenabled()
        gc.disable()

    def tearDown(self):
        if self.using_gc:
            gc.enable()

    def format_frame(self, frame, limit=None):
        return ''.join(traceback.format_stack(frame, limit=limit))

    def handlerA(self, signum, frame):
        self.a_called = True
        if support.verbose:
            print("handlerA invoked from signal %s at:\n%s" % (
                signum, self.format_frame(frame, limit=1)))

    def handlerB(self, signum, frame):
        self.b_called = True
        if support.verbose:
            print ("handlerB invoked from signal %s at:\n%s" % (
                signum, self.format_frame(frame, limit=1)))
        raise HandlerBCalled(signum, self.format_frame(frame))

    def wait(self, child):
        """Wait for child to finish, ignoring EINTR."""
        while True:
            try:
                child.wait()
                return
            except OSError as e:
                if e.errno != errno.EINTR:
                    raise

    def run_test(self):
        # Install handlers. This function runs in a sub-process, so we
        # don't worry about re-setting the default handlers.
        signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, self.handlerA)
        signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, self.handlerB)
        signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR2, signal.SIG_IGN)
        signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, signal.default_int_handler)

        # Variables the signals will modify:
        self.a_called = False
        self.b_called = False

        # Let the sub-processes know who to send signals to.
        pid = os.getpid()
        if support.verbose:
            print("test runner's pid is", pid)

        child = ignoring_eintr(subprocess.Popen, ['kill', '-HUP', str(pid)])
        if child:
            self.wait(child)
            if not self.a_called:
                time.sleep(1)  # Give the signal time to be delivered.
        self.assertTrue(self.a_called)
        self.assertFalse(self.b_called)
        self.a_called = False

        # Make sure the signal isn't delivered while the previous
        # Popen object is being destroyed, because __del__ swallows
        # exceptions.
        del child
        try:
            child = subprocess.Popen(['kill', '-USR1', str(pid)])
            # This wait should be interrupted by the signal's exception.
            self.wait(child)
            time.sleep(1)  # Give the signal time to be delivered.
            self.fail('HandlerBCalled exception not thrown')
        except HandlerBCalled:
            self.assertTrue(self.b_called)
            self.assertFalse(self.a_called)
            if support.verbose:
                print("HandlerBCalled exception caught")

        child = ignoring_eintr(subprocess.Popen, ['kill', '-USR2', str(pid)])
        if child:
            self.wait(child)  # Nothing should happen.

        try:
            signal.alarm(1)
            # The race condition in pause doesn't matter in this case,
            # since alarm is going to raise a KeyboardException, which
            # will skip the call.
            signal.pause()
            # But if another signal arrives before the alarm, pause
            # may return early.
            time.sleep(1)
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            if support.verbose:
                print("KeyboardInterrupt (the alarm() went off)")
        except:
            self.fail("Some other exception woke us from pause: %s" %
                      traceback.format_exc())
        else:
            self.fail("pause returned of its own accord, and the signal"
                      " didn't arrive after another second.")

    # Issue 3864, unknown if this affects earlier versions of freebsd also
    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform=='freebsd6',
        'inter process signals not reliable (do not mix well with threading) '
        'on freebsd6')
    def test_main(self):
        # This function spawns a child process to insulate the main
        # test-running process from all the signals. It then
        # communicates with that child process over a pipe and
        # re-raises information about any exceptions the child
        # throws. The real work happens in self.run_test().
        os_done_r, os_done_w = os.pipe()
        with closing(os.fdopen(os_done_r, 'rb')) as done_r, \
             closing(os.fdopen(os_done_w, 'wb')) as done_w:
            child = os.fork()
            if child == 0:
                # In the child process; run the test and report results
                # through the pipe.
                try:
                    done_r.close()
                    # Have to close done_w again here because
                    # exit_subprocess() will skip the enclosing with block.
                    with closing(done_w):
                        try:
                            self.run_test()
                        except:
                            pickle.dump(traceback.format_exc(), done_w)
                        else:
                            pickle.dump(None, done_w)
                except:
                    print('Uh oh, raised from pickle.')
                    traceback.print_exc()
                finally:
                    exit_subprocess()

            done_w.close()
            # Block for up to MAX_DURATION seconds for the test to finish.
            r, w, x = select.select([done_r], [], [], self.MAX_DURATION)
            if done_r in r:
                tb = pickle.load(done_r)
                if tb:
                    self.fail(tb)
            else:
                os.kill(child, signal.SIGKILL)
                self.fail('Test deadlocked after %d seconds.' %
                          self.MAX_DURATION)


@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Not valid on Windows")
class PosixTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def trivial_signal_handler(self, *args):
        pass

    def test_out_of_range_signal_number_raises_error(self):
        self.assertRaises(ValueError, signal.getsignal, 4242)

        self.assertRaises(ValueError, signal.signal, 4242,
                          self.trivial_signal_handler)

    def test_setting_signal_handler_to_none_raises_error(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, signal.signal,
                          signal.SIGUSR1, None)

    def test_getsignal(self):
        hup = signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, self.trivial_signal_handler)
        self.assertEqual(signal.getsignal(signal.SIGHUP),
                         self.trivial_signal_handler)
        signal.signal(signal.SIGHUP, hup)
        self.assertEqual(signal.getsignal(signal.SIGHUP), hup)


@unittest.skipUnless(sys.platform == "win32", "Windows specific")
class WindowsSignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_issue9324(self):
        # Updated for issue #10003, adding SIGBREAK
        handler = lambda x, y: None
        for sig in (signal.SIGABRT, signal.SIGBREAK, signal.SIGFPE,
                    signal.SIGILL, signal.SIGINT, signal.SIGSEGV,
                    signal.SIGTERM):
            # Set and then reset a handler for signals that work on windows
            signal.signal(sig, signal.signal(sig, handler))

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            signal.signal(-1, handler)

        with self.assertRaises(ValueError):
            signal.signal(7, handler)


@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Not valid on Windows")
class WakeupSignalTests(unittest.TestCase):
    TIMEOUT_FULL = 10
    TIMEOUT_HALF = 5

    def check_signum(self, *signals):
        data = os.read(self.read, len(signals)+1)
        raised = struct.unpack('%uB' % len(data), data)
        self.assertSequenceEqual(raised, signals)

    def test_wakeup_fd_early(self):
        import select

        signal.alarm(1)
        before_time = time.time()
        # We attempt to get a signal during the sleep,
        # before select is called
        time.sleep(self.TIMEOUT_FULL)
        mid_time = time.time()
        self.assertTrue(mid_time - before_time < self.TIMEOUT_HALF)
        select.select([self.read], [], [], self.TIMEOUT_FULL)
        after_time = time.time()
        self.assertTrue(after_time - mid_time < self.TIMEOUT_HALF)
        self.check_signum(signal.SIGALRM)

    def test_wakeup_fd_during(self):
        import select

        signal.alarm(1)
        before_time = time.time()
        # We attempt to get a signal during the select call
        self.assertRaises(select.error, select.select,
            [self.read], [], [], self.TIMEOUT_FULL)
        after_time = time.time()
        self.assertTrue(after_time - before_time < self.TIMEOUT_HALF)
        self.check_signum(signal.SIGALRM)

    def test_signum(self):
        old_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGUSR1, lambda x,y:None)
        self.addCleanup(signal.signal, signal.SIGUSR1, old_handler)
        os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGUSR1)
        os.kill(os.getpid(), signal.SIGALRM)
        self.check_signum(signal.SIGUSR1, signal.SIGALRM)

    def setUp(self):
        import fcntl

        self.alrm = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, lambda x,y:None)
        self.read, self.write = os.pipe()
        flags = fcntl.fcntl(self.write, fcntl.F_GETFL, 0)
        flags = flags | os.O_NONBLOCK
        fcntl.fcntl(self.write, fcntl.F_SETFL, flags)
        self.old_wakeup = signal.set_wakeup_fd(self.write)

    def tearDown(self):
        signal.set_wakeup_fd(self.old_wakeup)
        os.close(self.read)
        os.close(self.write)
        signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, self.alrm)

@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Not valid on Windows")
class SiginterruptTest(unittest.TestCase):

    def setUp(self):
        """Install a no-op signal handler that can be set to allow
        interrupts or not, and arrange for the original signal handler to be
        re-installed when the test is finished.
        """
        self.signum = signal.SIGUSR1
        oldhandler = signal.signal(self.signum, lambda x,y: None)
        self.addCleanup(signal.signal, self.signum, oldhandler)

    def readpipe_interrupted(self):
        """Perform a read during which a signal will arrive.  Return True if the
        read is interrupted by the signal and raises an exception.  Return False
        if it returns normally.
        """
        # Create a pipe that can be used for the read.  Also clean it up
        # when the test is over, since nothing else will (but see below for
        # the write end).
        r, w = os.pipe()
        self.addCleanup(os.close, r)

        # Create another process which can send a signal to this one to try
        # to interrupt the read.
        ppid = os.getpid()
        pid = os.fork()

        if pid == 0:
            # Child code: sleep to give the parent enough time to enter the
            # read() call (there's a race here, but it's really tricky to
            # eliminate it); then signal the parent process.  Also, sleep
            # again to make it likely that the signal is delivered to the
            # parent process before the child exits.  If the child exits
            # first, the write end of the pipe will be closed and the test
            # is invalid.
            try:
                time.sleep(0.2)
                os.kill(ppid, self.signum)
                time.sleep(0.2)
            finally:
                # No matter what, just exit as fast as possible now.
                exit_subprocess()
        else:
            # Parent code.
            # Make sure the child is eventually reaped, else it'll be a
            # zombie for the rest of the test suite run.
            self.addCleanup(os.waitpid, pid, 0)

            # Close the write end of the pipe.  The child has a copy, so
            # it's not really closed until the child exits.  We need it to
            # close when the child exits so that in the non-interrupt case
            # the read eventually completes, otherwise we could just close
            # it *after* the test.
            os.close(w)

            # Try the read and report whether it is interrupted or not to
            # the caller.
            try:
                d = os.read(r, 1)
                return False
            except OSError as err:
                if err.errno != errno.EINTR:
                    raise
                return True

    def test_without_siginterrupt(self):
        """If a signal handler is installed and siginterrupt is not called
        at all, when that signal arrives, it interrupts a syscall that's in
        progress.
        """
        i = self.readpipe_interrupted()
        self.assertTrue(i)
        # Arrival of the signal shouldn't have changed anything.
        i = self.readpipe_interrupted()
        self.assertTrue(i)

    def test_siginterrupt_on(self):
        """If a signal handler is installed and siginterrupt is called with
        a true value for the second argument, when that signal arrives, it
        interrupts a syscall that's in progress.
        """
        signal.siginterrupt(self.signum, 1)
        i = self.readpipe_interrupted()
        self.assertTrue(i)
        # Arrival of the signal shouldn't have changed anything.
        i = self.readpipe_interrupted()
        self.assertTrue(i)

    def test_siginterrupt_off(self):
        """If a signal handler is installed and siginterrupt is called with
        a false value for the second argument, when that signal arrives, it
        does not interrupt a syscall that's in progress.
        """
        signal.siginterrupt(self.signum, 0)
        i = self.readpipe_interrupted()
        self.assertFalse(i)
        # Arrival of the signal shouldn't have changed anything.
        i = self.readpipe_interrupted()
        self.assertFalse(i)


@unittest.skipIf(sys.platform == "win32", "Not valid on Windows")
class ItimerTest(unittest.TestCase):
    def setUp(self):
        self.hndl_called = False
        self.hndl_count = 0
        self.itimer = None
        self.old_alarm = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, self.sig_alrm)

    def tearDown(self):
        signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, self.old_alarm)
        if self.itimer is not None: # test_itimer_exc doesn't change this attr
            # just ensure that itimer is stopped
            signal.setitimer(self.itimer, 0)

    def sig_alrm(self, *args):
        self.hndl_called = True
        if support.verbose:
            print("SIGALRM handler invoked", args)

    def sig_vtalrm(self, *args):
        self.hndl_called = True

        if self.hndl_count > 3:
            # it shouldn't be here, because it should have been disabled.
            raise signal.ItimerError("setitimer didn't disable ITIMER_VIRTUAL "
                "timer.")
        elif self.hndl_count == 3:
            # disable ITIMER_VIRTUAL, this function shouldn't be called anymore
            signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_VIRTUAL, 0)
            if support.verbose:
                print("last SIGVTALRM handler call")

        self.hndl_count += 1

        if support.verbose:
            print("SIGVTALRM handler invoked", args)

    def sig_prof(self, *args):
        self.hndl_called = True
        signal.setitimer(signal.ITIMER_PROF, 0)

        if support.verbose:
            print("SIGPROF handler invoked", args)

    def test_itimer_exc(self):
        # XXX I'm assuming -1 is an invalid itimer, but maybe some platform
        # defines it ?
        self.assertRaises(signal.ItimerError, signal.setitimer, -1, 0)
        # Negative times are treated as zero on some platforms.
        if 0:
            self.assertRaises(signal.ItimerError,
                              signal.setitimer, signal.ITIMER_REAL, -1)

    def test_itimer_real(self):
        self.itimer = signal.ITIMER_REAL
        signal.setitimer(self.itimer, 1.0)
        if support.verbose:
            print("\ncall pause()...")
        signal.pause()

        self.assertEqual(self.hndl_called, True)

    # Issue 3864, unknown if this affects earlier versions of freebsd also
    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform in ('freebsd6', 'netbsd5'),
        'itimer not reliable (does not mix well with threading) on some BSDs.')
    def test_itimer_virtual(self):
        self.itimer = signal.ITIMER_VIRTUAL
        signal.signal(signal.SIGVTALRM, self.sig_vtalrm)
        signal.setitimer(self.itimer, 0.3, 0.2)

        start_time = time.time()
        while time.time() - start_time < 60.0:
            # use up some virtual time by doing real work
            _ = pow(12345, 67890, 10000019)
            if signal.getitimer(self.itimer) == (0.0, 0.0):
                break # sig_vtalrm handler stopped this itimer
        else: # Issue 8424
            self.skipTest("timeout: likely cause: machine too slow or load too "
                          "high")

        # virtual itimer should be (0.0, 0.0) now
        self.assertEqual(signal.getitimer(self.itimer), (0.0, 0.0))
        # and the handler should have been called
        self.assertEqual(self.hndl_called, True)

    # Issue 3864, unknown if this affects earlier versions of freebsd also
    @unittest.skipIf(sys.platform=='freebsd6',
        'itimer not reliable (does not mix well with threading) on freebsd6')
    def test_itimer_prof(self):
        self.itimer = signal.ITIMER_PROF
        signal.signal(signal.SIGPROF, self.sig_prof)
        signal.setitimer(self.itimer, 0.2, 0.2)

        start_time = time.time()
        while time.time() - start_time < 60.0:
            # do some work
            _ = pow(12345, 67890, 10000019)
            if signal.getitimer(self.itimer) == (0.0, 0.0):
                break # sig_prof handler stopped this itimer
        else: # Issue 8424
            self.skipTest("timeout: likely cause: machine too slow or load too "
                          "high")

        # profiling itimer should be (0.0, 0.0) now
        self.assertEqual(signal.getitimer(self.itimer), (0.0, 0.0))
        # and the handler should have been called
        self.assertEqual(self.hndl_called, True)


class PendingSignalsTests(unittest.TestCase):
    """
    Test pthread_sigmask(), pthread_kill(), sigpending() and sigwait()
    functions.
    """
    def setUp(self):
        self.has_pthread_kill = hasattr(signal, 'pthread_kill')

    def handler(self, signum, frame):
        1/0

    def read_sigmask(self):
        return signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_BLOCK, [])

    def can_test_blocked_signals(self, skip):
        """
        Check if a blocked signal can be raised to the main thread without
        calling its signal handler. We need pthread_kill() or exactly one
        thread (the main thread).

        Return True if it's possible. Otherwise, return False and print a
        warning if skip is False, or raise a SkipTest exception if skip is
        True.
        """
        if self.has_pthread_kill:
            return True

        # The fault handler timeout thread masks all signals. If the main
        # thread masks also SIGUSR1, all threads mask this signal. In this
        # case, if we send SIGUSR1 to the process, the signal is pending in the
        # main or the faulthandler timeout thread.  Unblock SIGUSR1 in the main
        # thread calls the signal handler only if the signal is pending for the
        # main thread. Stop the faulthandler timeout thread to workaround this
        # problem.
        import faulthandler
        faulthandler.cancel_dump_tracebacks_later()

        # Issue #11998: The _tkinter module loads the Tcl library which
        # creates a thread waiting events in select(). This thread receives
        # signals blocked by all other threads. We cannot test blocked
        # signals
        if '_tkinter' in sys.modules:
            message = ("_tkinter is loaded and pthread_kill() is missing, "
                       "cannot test blocked signals (issue #11998)")
            if skip:
                self.skipTest(message)
            else:
                print("WARNING: %s" % message)
            return False
        return True

    def kill(self, signum):
        if self.has_pthread_kill:
            tid = threading.current_thread().ident
            signal.pthread_kill(tid, signum)
        else:
            pid = os.getpid()
            os.kill(pid, signum)

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'sigpending'),
                         'need signal.sigpending()')
    def test_sigpending_empty(self):
        self.assertEqual(signal.sigpending(), set())

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'pthread_sigmask'),
                         'need signal.pthread_sigmask()')
    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'sigpending'),
                         'need signal.sigpending()')
    def test_sigpending(self):
        self.can_test_blocked_signals(True)

        signum = signal.SIGUSR1
        old_handler = signal.signal(signum, self.handler)
        self.addCleanup(signal.signal, signum, old_handler)

        signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_BLOCK, [signum])
        self.kill(signum)
        self.assertEqual(signal.sigpending(), {signum})
        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
            signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_UNBLOCK, [signum])

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'pthread_kill'),
                         'need signal.pthread_kill()')
    def test_pthread_kill(self):
        signum = signal.SIGUSR1
        current = threading.current_thread().ident

        old_handler = signal.signal(signum, self.handler)
        self.addCleanup(signal.signal, signum, old_handler)

        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
            signal.pthread_kill(current, signum)

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'sigwait'),
                         'need signal.sigwait()')
    def test_sigwait(self):
        old_handler = signal.signal(signal.SIGALRM, self.handler)
        self.addCleanup(signal.signal, signal.SIGALRM, old_handler)

        signal.alarm(1)
        self.assertEqual(signal.sigwait([signal.SIGALRM]), signal.SIGALRM)

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'pthread_sigmask'),
                         'need signal.pthread_sigmask()')
    def test_pthread_sigmask_arguments(self):
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, signal.pthread_sigmask)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, signal.pthread_sigmask, 1)
        self.assertRaises(TypeError, signal.pthread_sigmask, 1, 2, 3)
        self.assertRaises(OSError, signal.pthread_sigmask, 1700, [])

    @unittest.skipUnless(hasattr(signal, 'pthread_sigmask'),
                         'need signal.pthread_sigmask()')
    def test_pthread_sigmask(self):
        test_blocked_signals = self.can_test_blocked_signals(False)
        signum = signal.SIGUSR1

        # Install our signal handler
        old_handler = signal.signal(signum, self.handler)
        self.addCleanup(signal.signal, signum, old_handler)

        # Unblock SIGUSR1 (and copy the old mask) to test our signal handler
        old_mask = signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_UNBLOCK, [signum])
        self.addCleanup(signal.pthread_sigmask, signal.SIG_SETMASK, old_mask)
        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
            self.kill(signum)

        # Block and then raise SIGUSR1. The signal is blocked: the signal
        # handler is not called, and the signal is now pending
        signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_BLOCK, [signum])
        if test_blocked_signals:
            self.kill(signum)

        # Check the new mask
        blocked = self.read_sigmask()
        self.assertIn(signum, blocked)
        self.assertEqual(old_mask ^ blocked, {signum})

        # Unblock SIGUSR1
        if test_blocked_signals:
            with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
                # unblock the pending signal calls immediatly the signal handler
                signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_UNBLOCK, [signum])
        else:
            signal.pthread_sigmask(signal.SIG_UNBLOCK, [signum])
        with self.assertRaises(ZeroDivisionError):
            self.kill(signum)

        # Check the new mask
        unblocked = self.read_sigmask()
        self.assertNotIn(signum, unblocked)
        self.assertEqual(blocked ^ unblocked, {signum})
        self.assertSequenceEqual(old_mask, unblocked)
        # Finally, restore the previous signal handler and the signal mask


def test_main():
    try:
        support.run_unittest(PosixTests, InterProcessSignalTests,
                             WakeupSignalTests, SiginterruptTest,
                             ItimerTest, WindowsSignalTests,
                             PendingSignalsTests)
    finally:
        support.reap_children()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    test_main()