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cristyffb69ed2010-12-25 00:06:48 +0000179<h1>ImageMagick Motion Picture Formats</h1>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000180<p class="navigation-index">[<a href="#intro">Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</a> &bull; <a href="#log">Log Format</a> &bull; <a href="#properties">DPX properties</a> &bull; <a href="#settings">DPX Settings</a>]</p>
181
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000182<h2><a id="intro"></a>Introduction to Motion Picture Formats</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000183<div class="doc-section">
184
185<p>DPX (SMPTE 268M-2003) - This format is used in Motion Picture and Effects industry that makes particular use of the extensive header information and the format's flexibility in being able to handle high dynamic range and logarithmic color values at a variety of bit depths using RGB or YCbCr pixel descriptions. It is based on, but largely supercedes, Kodak's Cineon format that has more a more film specific header.</p>
186
187<p>One example of it's use includes scanning film for use in post production. Each frame is stored as an individual DPX file ranging from 2k (2048 pixels wide) to 8k (8192 pixels wide - for IMAX frames) at anything between 8 to 64 bits per color component. A sequence of these might then be processed using compositing software, altering the color or adding visual effects. Once complete they might then be recorded digitally to tape or projected back on to film.</p>
188
189<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration, logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast and requires a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema. Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
190
191<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
192
193<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of an image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker, whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen. The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
194
195<p>The header can contain Film and/or Television specific data related to a production. For example the television header can contain a SMPTE time code so that shots exported as a DPX sequence from a production's edit can be easily replaced once any effects have been added. The film header holds information about the reel of film the frames originated from and various camera settings that were used while filming. All these details usually stay with the images as they are passed between post-production companies.</p>
196
197</div>
198
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000199<h2><a id="log"></a>Log Format</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000200<div class="doc-section">
201
202<p>The color values for each pixel are often stored logarithmically (particularly if the sequence is destined to be transferred back on to film) which more naturally reflects the density of how color information is stored in the emulsion on the original film. When viewed without alteration logarithmic files appear to have very low contrast (leftmost image), and so require a 'look up table' to translate the logarithmic image to something that resembles what you might see if the image was transferred back to film and projected in a cinema (rightmost image). Apart from making the image linear (like most typical computer images) and adjusting the gamma level this table sets where the black and white point lies.</p>
203
204<p class="image">
205 <a href="../images/bluebells_log.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_log.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-log" /></a>
206 <a href="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_lin.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-linear" /></a>
207</p>
208
209<p>For a 10 bit logarithmic image where each color component value ranges from 0 to 1023 the black and white points are normally set at 95 for black and 685 for white. What this means is that the logarithmic file stores color values that are lighter than what the linear version will display as pure white and darker than what it will display as pure black. This extra information therefore remains available for an effects artists who might wish to alter the brightness of the image after it has been stored as a DPX file.</p>
210
211<p>As an example, had this information been lost, reducing the brightness of a linear image uniformly would result in highlights becoming darker (leftmost image), whereas with this extra information the highlights instead reduce in size and start showing details that were previously too bright to be seen (rightmost image). The latter is far closer to what happens in the real world.</p>
212
213<p class="image">
214 <a href="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_clipped.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-clipped" /></a>
215 <a href="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg"><img src="../images/bluebells_darker.jpg" width="384" height="288" class="image-slices" alt="bluebells-darker" /></a>
216</p>
217
218</div>
219
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000220<h2><a id="properties"></a>DPX Properties</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000221<div class="doc-section">
222
223<p>ImageMagick supports these DPX properties:</p>
224
225<pre class="text">
226 dpx:file.copyright
227 dpx:file.creator
228 dpx:file.filename
229 dpx:file.project
230 dpx:file.version
231 dpx:film.count
232 dpx:film.format
233 dpx:film.frame_id
234 dpx:film.frame_position
235 dpx:film.frame_rate
236 dpx:film.held_count
237 dpx:film.id
238 dpx:film.offset
239 dpx:film.prefix
240 dpx:film.sequence_length
241 dpx:film.shutter_angle
242 dpx:film.slate
243 dpx:film.type
244 dpx:orientation.aspect_ratio
245 dpx:orientation.border
246 dpx:orientation.device
247 dpx:orientation.filename
cristyc02484c2010-03-08 00:14:58 +0000248 dpx:orientation.serial
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000249 dpx:orientation.x_center
250 dpx:orientation.x_offset
251 dpx:orientation.x_size
252 dpx:orientation.y_center
253 dpx:orientation.y_offset
254 dpx:orientation.y_size
255 dpx:television.black_gain
256 dpx:television.black_level
257 dpx:television.break_point
258 dpx:television.field_number
259 dpx:television.frame_rate
260 dpx:television.gamma
261 dpx:television.integration_times
262 dpx:television.interlace
263 dpx:television.padding
264 dpx:television.time.code
265 dpx:television.time_offset
266 dpx:television.user.bits
267 dpx:television.vertical_sample_rate
268 dpx:television.video_signal
269 dpx:television.white_level
270 dpx:user.id
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000271 dpx:user.data
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000272</pre>
273
274<p> To determine which properties are associated with your DPX image, use this command for example:</p>
275
276<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -verbose bluebells.dpx</span></p>
277<p>To identify a particular property, try this:</p>
278
279<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format "%[dpx:television.time.code]" bluebells.dpx</span></p>
280<p>Finally, to set a property:</p>
281
282<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>convert bluebells.dpx -define dpx:television.time.code=10:00:02:15 bluebells-001.dpx</span></p>
283</div>
284
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000285<h2><a id="settings"></a>DPX Settings</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000286<div class="doc-section">
287
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000288<p>Use <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> to specify the image or film gamma or black and white points. For example use:
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000289</p>
290
291 <div>
292 <p class="crtsnip">-set gamma 1.7</p>
293
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000294 <p class="crtsnip">-set film-gamma 0.6</p>
295
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000296 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-black 95</p>
297
298 <p class="crtsnip">-set reference-white 685</p>
cristyc4960862010-05-23 22:24:24 +0000299
300 <p class="crtsnip">-set profile dpx:user.data</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000301 </div>
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