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href="../www/command-line-options.html#compress">‑compress</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#contrast">‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">‑contrast‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#crop">‑crop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#cycle">‑cycle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#debug">‑debug</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#decipher">‑decipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#deconstruct">‑deconstruct</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#define">‑define</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a 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<span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dissimilarity-threshold">‑dissimilarity‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dissolve">‑dissolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#distort">‑distort</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dither">‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#draw">‑draw</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#edge">‑edge</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#emboss">‑emboss</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#encipher">‑encipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#encoding">‑encoding</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#endian">‑endian</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#enhance">‑enhance</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#equalize">‑equalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#evaluate">‑evaluate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">‑evaluate‑sequence</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#extent">‑extent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#extract">‑extract</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#family">‑family</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#features">‑features</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fft">‑fft</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fill">‑fill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#filter">‑filter</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flatten">‑flatten</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flip">‑flip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#floodfill">‑floodfill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flop">‑flop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#font">‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#foreground">‑foreground</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#format">‑format</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#format_identify_">‑format[identify]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#frame">‑frame</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#frame_import_">‑frame[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#function">‑function</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fuzz">‑fuzz</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fx">‑fx</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gamma">‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">‑gaussian‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#geometry">‑geometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gravity">‑gravity</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#green-primary">‑green‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#hald-clut">‑hald‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#help">‑help</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#highlight-color">‑highlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconGeometry">‑iconGeometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconic">‑iconic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#identify">‑identify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ift">‑ift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#immutable">‑immutable</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#implode">‑implode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#insert">‑insert</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#intent">‑intent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interlace">‑interlace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interpolate">‑interpolate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">‑interline‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">‑interword‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#kerning">‑kerning</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#label">‑label</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lat">‑lat</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#layers">‑layers</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level">‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level-colors">‑level‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">‑linear‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linewidth">‑linewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">‑liquid‑rescale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#list">‑list</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#log">‑log</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#loop">‑loop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lowlight-color">‑lowlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#magnify">‑magnify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map">‑map</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map_stream_">‑map[stream]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mask">‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mattecolor">‑mattecolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#median">‑median</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#metric">‑metric</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mode">‑mode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#modulate">‑modulate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monitor">‑monitor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monochrome">‑monochrome</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morph">‑morph</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morphology">‑morphology</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mosaic">‑mosaic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#motion-blur">‑motion‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#name">‑name</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#negate">‑negate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#noise">‑noise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#normalize">‑normalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#opaque">‑opaque</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">‑ordered‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#orient">‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#page">‑page</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#paint">‑paint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#path">‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_animate_">‑pause[animate]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_import_">‑pause[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pen">‑pen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ping">‑ping</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pointsize">‑pointsize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#polaroid">‑polaroid</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#posterize">‑posterize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#precision">‑precision</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#preview">‑preview</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#print">‑print</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#process">‑process</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#profile">‑profile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quality">‑quality</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quantize">‑quantize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quiet">‑quiet</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#radial-blur">‑radial‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#raise">‑raise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#random-threshold">‑random‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#red-primary">‑red‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">‑regard‑warnings</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#region">‑region</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remap">‑remap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remote">‑remote</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#render">‑render</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#repage">‑repage</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resample">‑resample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resize">‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">‑respect‑parentheses</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#reverse">‑reverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#roll">‑roll</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#rotate">‑rotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sample">‑sample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">‑sampling‑factor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scale">‑scale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scene">‑scene</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#screen">‑screen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#seed">‑seed</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#segment">‑segment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#selective-blur">‑selective‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#separate">‑separate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">‑sepia‑tone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">‑set</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shade">‑shade</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shadow">‑shadow</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shared-memory">‑shared‑memory</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sharpen">‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shave">‑shave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shear">‑shear</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">‑sigmoidal‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#silent">‑silent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#size">‑size</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sketch">‑sketch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#snaps">‑snaps</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#solarize">‑solarize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sparse-color">‑sparse‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#splice">‑splice</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	158
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	159	<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
				160	href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
				161	tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
				162	option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
				163	otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>, and .... </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	164
				165	<div style="margin: auto;">
				166	<h4><a name="adaptive-blur" id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
				167	</div>
				168
				169	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	170	"direction",
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	171	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				172
				173	<div style="margin: auto;">
				174	<h4><a name="adaptive-resize" id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				175	</div>
				176
				177	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				178
				179	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				180
				181	<div style="margin: auto;">
				182	<h4><a name="adaptive-sharpen" id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
				183	</div>
				184
				185	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				186
				187	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				188
				189	<div style="margin: auto;">
				190	<h4><a name="adjoin" id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
				191	</div>
				192
				193	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join images into a single multi-image file.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				194
				195	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all
				196	images of an image sequence into the given output file.
				197	However, some formats, such as JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one
				198	image per file, and in that case ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As
				199	such, if more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is
				200	modified by adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the
				201	suffix, in order to make distinct names for each image. </p>
				202
				203	<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written
				204	to separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images
				205	per file (for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
				206
				207	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will automagically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an example, the command</p>
				208
				209	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
				210	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images named my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg, my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg.
				211	</p>
				212
				213	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will use
				214	multiple files if either (1) the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,
				215	(2) the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or (3) a C-style integer format string is
				216	present in the output filename. </p>
				217
				218
				219	<div style="margin: auto;">
				220	<h4><a name="affine" id="affine"></a>-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em><br/>
				221	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em></h4>
				222	</div>
				223
				224	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				225
				226	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, encoded as (<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>), for use by subsequent <a href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options.</p>
				227
				228	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values <i>with no spaces</i>. </p>
				229
				230	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the original image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				231
				232	<div class="eqn">
				233	<img alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/>
				234	</div>
				235
				236	<p>
				237	The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that contains the transformed source image. The parameters <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the image area are cut off.</p>
				238
				239	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate system: positive <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> directions are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
				240
				241	<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omotted they default to 0,0. Therefore, four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
				242
				243	<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions, respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				244
				245	<p class="crtsnip">
				246	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
				247	</p>
				248
				249	<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				250
				251	<p class="crtsnip">
				252	-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				253	</p>
				254
				255	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
				256	<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
				257
				258	<p class="crtsnip">
				259	-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
				260	</p>
				261
				262	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
				263
				264	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				265
				266	<div style="margin: auto;">
				267	<h4><a name="alpha" id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				268	</div>
				269
				270	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				271
				272	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				273	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <em class="arg">type</em> from the list below.</p>
				274
				275
				276	<table class="doc">
				277	<tbody>
				278	<tr valign="top">
				279	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">type</th>
				280	<th align="left">Description</th>
				281	</tr>
				282
				283	<tr valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	284	<td valign="top"><kbd>Activate</kbd>  or
				285	<kbd>Activate</kbd></td>
				286	<td valign="top">
				287	Enable the image's transparency channel. Use the <kbd>Set</kbd> argument instead if the alpha channel has not yet been initialized.</td></tr>
				288
				289	<tr valign="top">
				290	<td valign="top"><kbd>Deactivate</kbd>  or
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	291	<kbd>Deactivate</kbd></td>
				292	<td valign="top">
				293	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	294	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	295
				296	<tr valign="top">
				297	<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
				298	<td valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	299	Activates the alpha/matte channel and if it was previously
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	300	turned off resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	301	alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	302
				303	<tr valign="top">
				304	<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
				305	<td valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	306	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	307
				308	<tr valign="top">
				309	<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
				310	<td valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	311	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	312	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the same
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	313	size as the original and with all its original RGB data still intact,
				314	but fully transparent. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	315
				316	<tr valign="top">
				317	<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
				318	<td valign="top">
				319	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
				320	'<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate a
				321	gray-scale mask of the image's shape. This is the inverse of
				322	'<kbd>Copy</kbd>'. </td></tr>
				323
				324	<tr valign="top">
				325	<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
				326	<td valign="top">
				327	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
				328	gray-scale intensity of the image, as an alpha mask, into the alpha
				329	channel, converting a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped image
				330	ready to be colored appropriately. The color channels are not modified.
				331	</td></tr>
				332
				333	<tr valign="top">
				334	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
				335	<td valign="top">
				336	As per '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	337	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				338	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	339	</td></tr>
				340
				341	<tr valign="top">
				342	<td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
				343	<td valign="top">
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	344	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				345	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				346	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				347	and thus can compress better.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	348	</td></tr>
				349	</tbody>
				350	</table>
				351
				352	<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
				353	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	354	>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
				355	set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> on</kbd>". That is,
				356	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>" will ensure that the written
				357	image is opaque if the original image had no transparency channel enabled,
				358	regardless if transparency data is already present. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	359
				360
				361	<div style="margin: auto;">
				362	<h4><a name="annotate" id="annotate"></a>
				363	-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				364	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				365	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
				366	</div>
				367
				368	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				369
				370	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				371
				372
				373	<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
				374
				375	<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
				376
				377	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				378	<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
				379
				380	<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
				381
				382	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file <kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				383
				384	<div style="margin: auto;">
				385	<h4><a name="antialias" id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
				386	</div>
				387
				388	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when
				389	drawing fonts and lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				390
				391	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				392	drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				393	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				394	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
				395	will be added when drawing such objects. </p>
				396
				397	<div style="margin: auto;">
				398	<h4><a name="append" id="append"></a>-append</h4>
				399	</div>
				400
				401	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join current images vertically or horizontally.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				402
				403	<p>This option creates a single longer image image, by joining all the current
				404	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to
				405	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				406
				407	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				408	current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
				409	position relative to each other can be controled by the current <a
				410	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
				411
				412
				413	<div style="margin: auto;">
				414	<h4><a name="attenuate" id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				415	</div>
				416
				417	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				418
				419
				420	<div style="margin: auto;">
				421	<h4><a name="authenticate" id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
				422	</div>
				423
				424	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				425
				426	<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				427
				428	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				429
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	430
				431
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	432	<div style="margin: auto;">
				433	<h4><a name="auto-gamma" id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h4>
				434	</div>
				435
				436	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				437
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	438	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				439	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
				440	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				441
				442	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image will become 50% gray. </p>
				443
				444	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				445	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
				446	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrmas or cartoon like images.
				447	</p>
				448
				449	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
				450	'<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine which color
				451	values will be used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
				452	>-channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', channels will be modified
				453	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				454
				455
				456
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	457	<div style="margin: auto;">
				458	<h4><a name="auto-level" id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h4>
				459	</div>
				460
				461	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust color levels of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				462
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	463	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
				464	mimimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
				465	href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
				466	values. </p>
				467
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	468	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	469	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
				470	for the <a href="#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
				471	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				472	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				473	defined images. </p>
				474
				475	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				476	href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="#linear-stretch"
				477	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				478	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="#auto-level"
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	479	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	480
				481	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
				482	special '<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine
				483	which color values will be used and modified. As the default <a
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	484	href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', the
				485	'<CODE>sync</CODE>' will ensure that the color channels will be modified
				486	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				487	transparency. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	488
				489
				490
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	491	<div style="margin: auto;">
				492	<h4><a name="auto-orient" id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
				493	</div>
				494
				495	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				496
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	497	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				498	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				499	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				500
				501	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				502	camara, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				503	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				504	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
				505	result. If the he EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				506	href="#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
				507
				508
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	509	<div style="margin: auto;">
				510	<h4><a name="average" id="average"></a>-average</h4>
				511	</div>
				512
				513	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Average a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				514
				515	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				516
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	517
				518	<div style="margin: auto;">
				519	<h4><a name="backdrop" id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h4>
				520	</div>
				521
				522	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				523
				524	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				525
				526	<div style="margin: auto;">
				527	<h4><a name="background" id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				528	</div>
				529
				530	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				531
				532	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				533
				534	<div style="margin: auto;">
				535	<h4><a name="bench" id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
				536	</div>
				537
				538	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				539
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	540	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	541
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	542	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
				543	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per second, using 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	544
				545	<div style="margin: auto;">
				546	<h4><a name="bias" id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				547	</div>
				548
				549	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				550
				551	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				552
				553	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero.</p>
				554
				555	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				556	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				557	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				558
				559	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				560	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				561	</p>
				562
				563	<div style="margin: auto;">
				564	<h4><a name="black-point-compensation" id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
				565	</div>
				566
				567	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use black point compensation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				568
				569	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	570	<h4><a name="black-threshold" id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	571	</div>
				572
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	573	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				574
				575	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				576	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	577
				578
				579	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	580	<h4><a name="blend" id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	581	</div>
				582
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	583	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	584
				585	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				586	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				587	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				588	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	589	<kbd>-blend 30%</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				590	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70%</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	591
				592
				593	<div style="margin: auto;">
				594	<h4><a name="blue-primary" id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				595	</div>
				596
				597	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				598
				599	<div style="margin: auto;">
				600	<h4><a name="blue-shift" id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				601	</div>
				602
				603	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				604
				605	<div style="margin: auto;">
				606
				607	<div style="margin: auto;">
				608	<h4><a name="blur" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
				609	</div>
				610
				611	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				612
				613	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
				614
				615	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				616	</div>
				617
				618	<p>Where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. If a radius of 0 is specified, ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
				619
				620	<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction, then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
				621
				622	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				623	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				624	</p>
				625
				626
				627	<div style="margin: auto;">
				628	<h4><a name="blur-composite" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]</h4>
				629	</div>
				630
				631	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				632
				633	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				634	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				635	mapping. </p>
				636
				637	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <em class="arg"
				638	>Width</em> and <em class="arg" >Height</em>. The <em class="arg" >Height</em>
				639	defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Guassian
				640	weighting. The <em class="arg" >Angle</em> will rotate the ellipse from
				641	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				642
				643	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				644	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				645	</p>
				646
				647
				648	<div style="margin: auto;">
				649	<h4><a name="border" id="border"></a>-border <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				650	</div>
				651
				652	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				653
				654	<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are ignored. </p>
				655
				656	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				657
				658	<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more functionality.</p>
				659
				660	<div style="margin: auto;">
				661	<h4><a name="bordercolor" id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				662	</div>
				663
				664	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				665
				666	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				667
				668	<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				669
				670	<div style="margin: auto;">
				671	<h4><a name="borderwidth" id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
				672	</div>
				673
				674	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				675
				676	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	677	<h4><a name="brightness-contrast" id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em><br />-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em>{x<em class="arg">contrast</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				678	</div>
				679
				680	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				681
				682	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change. The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast. To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness, set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
				683
				684	<p>You may also use <a href="#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same transformation to all channels.</p>
				685
				686	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a linear transform and applied using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
				687
				688	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result will be totally midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation will be a a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
				689
				690	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this function. All achievable slopes will be zero or positive.</p>
				691
				692	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5 at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result will be totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result will be totally black.</p>
				693
				694	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%' symbol will be no different than leaving it off.</p>
				695
				696	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	697	<h4><a name="cache" id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				698	</div>
				699
				700	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				701
				702	<div style="margin: auto;">
				703	<h4><a name="caption" id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				704	</div>
				705
				706	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				707
				708	<div style="margin: auto;">
				709	<h4><a name="cdl" id="cdl"></a>-cdl <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				710	</div>
				711
				712	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color correct with a color decision list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				713
				714	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				715
				716	<pre class="text">
				717	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				718	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				719	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				720	<SOPNode>
				721	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				722	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				723	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				724	</SOPNode>
				725	<SATNode>
				726	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				727	</SATNode>
				728	</ColorCorrection>
				729	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
				730	</pre>
				731
				732	<div style="margin: auto;">
				733	<h4><a name="channel" id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				734	</div>
				735
				736	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				737
				738	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>, <kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>, <kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, <kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
				739
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	740	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	741	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
				742	'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
				743	'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	744
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	745	For example, to only select the <kbd>Red</kbd> and <kbd>Blue</kbd> channels
				746	you can either use </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	747	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	748	-channel Red,Blue
				749	</p>
				750	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				751	<p class="crtsnip">
				752	-channel RB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	753	</p>
				754
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	755	<p>All the channels that is present in an image can be specified using the
				756	special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. </p>
				757
				758	<p>On top of the normal channel selection a extra flag can be specified,
				759	'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
				760	operators that understand this flag should perform: normal cross-channel
				761	syncronization of the channels. If not specified, then most channel operators
				762	will apply their image processing operations to each individual channel (as
				763	specified by the rest of the <a href="#channel">-channel</a> setting)
				764	completely independantally from each other. </p>
				765
				766	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
				767	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels will be modified
				768	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
				769	it being set, then each channel will be modified separatally and
				770	independantally. </p>
				771
				772	<p>Other operations will use the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to mean syncronize the
				773	alpha channel handling with the color channels. If not specified, then the
				774	operator will not treat the alpha channel as special. </p>
				775
				776	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list
				777	channel</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	778
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	779
				780	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
				781	'<kbd>RGB,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all channels
				782	except the opacity channel, and that all the color channels are to be modified
				783	in exactly the same way. The 'plus' form <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
				784	will reset the value back to this default. </p>
				785
				786	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				787	include the following.
				788
				789	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				790	<a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	791	<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				792	<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	793	<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	794	<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
				795	<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	796	<a href="#composite">-composite</a> (Math compose methods only),
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	797	<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				798	<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				799	<a href="#function">-function</a>,
				800	<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	801	<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	802	<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	803	<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
				804	<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
				805	<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				806	<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				807	<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				808	<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
				809	<a href="#separate">-separate</a>, and
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	810	<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	811	<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				812	</p>
				813
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	814	<p>Warning, some operators behave differentally when the <a href="#channel"
				815	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
				816	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivelent of the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	817	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				818	flag. </p>
				819
				820	<p>For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	821	gray-scale the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel"
				822	>-channel</a> setting has been defined. </p>
				823
				824	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				825	href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				826	color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
				827	href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
				828	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				829	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
				830	resulting in 'halo' effects. </p>
				831
				832	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images some operators will read the
				833	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
				834	alpha channel present, but the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				835	the operator to apply the alpha channel. The <a href="#clut">-clut</a>
				836	operator is a good example of this. </p>
				837
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	838
				839	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	840	<h4><a name="clamp" id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
				841	</div>
				842
				843	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				844
				845	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	846	<h4><a name="charcoal" id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				847	</div>
				848
				849	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Simulate a charcoal drawing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				850
				851	<div style="margin: auto;">
				852	<h4><a name="chop" id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				853	</div>
				854
				855	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				856
				857	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
				858
				859	<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns, and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
				860
				861	<div style="margin: auto;">
				862	<h4><a name="clip" id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
				863	</div>
				864
				865	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply the clipping path if one is present.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				866
				867	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				868
				869	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				870
				871	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
				872	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				873
				874	<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				875
				876	<div style="margin: auto;">
				877	<h4><a name="clip-mask" id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
				878	</div>
				879
				880	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				881
				882	<div style="margin: auto;">
				883	<h4><a name="clip-path" id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
				884	</div>
				885
				886	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				887
				888	<div style="margin: auto;">
				889	<h4><a name="clone" id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
				890	</div>
				891
				892	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make a copy of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				893
				894	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				895	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for example, −1
				896	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
				897	dash (e.g. 0−4). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no spaces (e.g. 0,2,5). Use <a
				898	href="#clone">+clone</a> make a copy of the last image in the image
				899	sequence.</p>
				900
				901	<div style="margin: auto;">
				902	<h4><a name="clut" id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
				903	</div>
				904
				905	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Replace the channel values in the first image using each
				906	corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor
				907	<b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				908
				909	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				910	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				911	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				912	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				913	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				914
				915	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				916	href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
				917	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				918	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
				919	'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				920	gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				921	lookup of color values. </p>
				922
				923	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				924	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				925
				926	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				927	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				928	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
				929	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				930	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				931	set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
				932	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				933	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				934
				935	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, conatins no
				936	transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				937	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
				938	assumed that image represents a gray-scale graident which will be used for the
				939	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
				940	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
				941	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				942	</p>
				943
				944	<p>See also <a href="#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors according
				945	the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation of a 3D color
				946	cube. </p>
				947
				948
				949	<div style="margin: auto;">
				950	<h4><a name="coalesce" id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h4>
				951	</div>
				952
				953	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				954
				955	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames are more easilly viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay images. </p>
				956
				957	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', though there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is better than the original. </p>
				958
				959
				960	<div style="margin: auto;">
				961	<h4><a name="colorize" id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				962	</div>
				963
				964	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				965
				966	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a comma-delimited list of colorization values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
				967
				968	<div style="margin: auto;">
				969	<h4><a name="colormap" id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				970	</div>
				971
				972	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				973
				974	<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
				975
				976	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default, a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated, therefore your image may look very different than intended. If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em> when the image colormap is installed.</p>
				977
				978	<div style="margin: auto;">
				979	<h4><a name="colors" id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				980	</div>
				981
				982	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				983
				984	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer unique colors than specified by <em class="arg">value</em> will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale, it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before reducing the number of colors. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				985
				986	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	987	<h4><a name="color-matrix" id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <em class="arg">matrix</em></h4>
				988	</div>
				989
				990	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply color correction to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				991
				992	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha, and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6 for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
				993
				994	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				995
				996	<pre class="text">
				997	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				998	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				999	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1000	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1001	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1002	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1003	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
				1004	</pre>
				1005	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1006	<h4><a name="colorspace" id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1007	</div>
				1008
				1009	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1010
				1011	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1012
				1013	<pre class="text">
				1014	CMY
				1015	CMYK
				1016	Gray
				1017	HSB
				1018	HSL
				1019	HWB
				1020	Lab
				1021	Log
				1022	OHTA
				1023	Rec601Luma
				1024	Rec601YCbCr
				1025	Rec709Luma
				1026	Rec709YCbCr
				1027	RGB
				1028	sRGB
				1029	Transparent
				1030	XYZ
				1031	YCbCr
				1032	YCC
				1033	YIQ
				1034	YPbPr
				1035	YUV
				1036	</pre>
				1037
				1038	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1039
				1040	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
				1041
				1042	<table class="doc">
				1043	<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1044	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1045	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
				1046	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
				1047	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−B</td></tr>
				1048	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1049	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1050	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(C−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1051	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(M−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1052	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1053
				1054	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1055	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1056
				1057	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1058	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1059	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1060	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1061
				1062	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1063	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1064	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1065	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1066
				1067	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1068	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1069	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1070	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1071
				1072	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1073	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1074	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1075	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1076
				1077	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1078	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1079	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1080	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1081
				1082	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1083	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1084	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1085	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1086
				1087	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1088	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1089
				1090	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1091	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1092	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1093	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1094
				1095	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1096	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260R+0.71520G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
				1097
				1098	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1099	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600R+0.715200G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1100	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1101	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1102
				1103	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
				1104	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .03928 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1105	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .03928 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1106	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .03928 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1107
				1108	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1109	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240R+0.3575790G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
				1110	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2126560R+0.7151580G+0.0721856*B</td></tr>
				1111	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Z=0.0193324R+0.1191930G+0.9504440*B</td></tr>
				1112
				1113	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1114	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1115	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900R−0.58700G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1116	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.58700G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1117
				1118	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1119	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1120	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1121	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1122
				1123	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1124	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1125	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1126	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1127
				1128	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1129	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1130	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1131	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1132
				1133	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1134	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1135	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1136	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1137	</table>
				1138
				1139	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1140	<h4><a name="combine" id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
				1141	</div>
				1142
				1143	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1144
				1145	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
				1146
				1147	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
				1148	</p>
				1149
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1150	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1151	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1152	<h4><a name="comment" id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				1153	</div>
				1154
				1155	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1156
				1157	<p>This option places comments in a non-pixel portion of the image file. For a comment to be visibly written on the image itself, use the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options.</p>
				1158
				1159	<p>Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image, when writing to an image format that supports comments. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters listed under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option. The comment is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via "Comment" tag or similar mechanism. </p>
				1160
				1161	<p>For example,</p>
				1162
				1163	<p class="crtsnip">
				1164	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
				1165	</p>
				1166
				1167	<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				1168
				1169	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Comments in a file are literal; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1170
				1171	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1172	<h4><a name="compose" id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
				1173	</div>
				1174
				1175	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1176
				1177	<p>The description of composition uses abstract terminology in order to allow
				1178	the description to be more precise, while avoiding constant values which are
				1179	specific to a particular build configuration. Each image pixel is represented
				1180	by red, green, and blue levels (which are equal for a gray pixel). The
				1181	build-dependent value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> is the maximum integral
				1182	value which may be stored, per pixel, in the red, green, or blue channels of
				1183	the image. Each image pixel may also optionally (if the image matte channel is
				1184	enabled) have an associated level of opacity, ranging from <em>opaque</em> to
				1185	<em>transparent</em>, which may be used to determine the influence of the pixel
				1186	color when compositing the pixel with another image pixel. If the image matte
				1187	channel is disabled, then all pixels in the image are treated as opaque. The
				1188	color of an opaque pixel is fully visible while the color of a transparent
				1189	pixel color is entirely absent (pixel color is ignored).</p>
				1190
				1191	<p>By definition, raster images have a rectangular shape. All image rows are of
				1192	equal length, as are all image columns. By treating the alpha channel as a
				1193	visual "mask" the rectangular image may be given a "shape" by treating the
				1194	alpha channel as a cookie-cutter for the image. This is done by setting the
				1195	pixels within the shape to be opaque, with pixels outside the shape set as
				1196	transparent. Pixels on the boundary of the shape may be between opaque and
				1197	transparent in order to provide antialiasing (visually smooth edges). The
				1198	description of the composition operators use this concept of image "shape" in
				1199	order to make the description of the operators easier to understand. While it
				1200	is convenient to describe the operators in terms of "shapes" they are by no
				1201	means limited to mask-style operations since they are based on continuous
				1202	floating-point mathematics rather than simple boolean operations.</p>
				1203
				1204	<p>The following alpha blending (Duff-Porter) compose methods are available:</p>
				1205
				1206	<table class="doc">
				1207	<tbody>
				1208	<tr valign="top">
				1209	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1210	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1211	</tr>
				1212
				1213	<tr valign="top">
				1214	<td valign="top">clear</td>
				1215	<td valign="top">Both the color and the alpha of the destination are
				1216	cleared. Neither the source nor the destination are used (except for
				1217	destinations size and other meta-data which is always preserved.</td>
				1218	</tr>
				1219
				1220	<tr valign="top">
				1221	<td valign="top">src</td>
				1222	<td valign="top">The source is copied to the destination. The destination
				1223	is not used as input, though it is cleared.</td>
				1224	</tr>
				1225
				1226	<tr valign="top">
				1227	<td valign="top">dst</td>
				1228	<td valign="top">The destination is left untouched. The source image is
				1229	completely ignored.</td>
				1230	</tr>
				1231
				1232	<tr valign="top">
				1233	<td valign="top">src-over</td>
				1234	<td valign="top">The source is composited over the destination. this is
				1235	the default alpha blending compose method, when neither the compose
				1236	setting is set, nor is set in the image meta-data.</td>
				1237	</tr>
				1238
				1239	<tr valign="top">
				1240	<td valign="top">dst-over</td>
				1241	<td valign="top">The destination is composited over the source and the
				1242	result replaces the destination.</td>
				1243	</tr>
				1244
				1245	<tr valign="top">
				1246	<td valign="top">src-in</td>
				1247	<td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination
				1248	replaces the destination.</td>
				1249	</tr>
				1250
				1251	<tr valign="top">
				1252	<td valign="top">dst-in</td>
				1253	<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source
				1254	replaces the destination. Areas not overlaid are cleared.</td>
				1255	</tr>
				1256
				1257	<tr valign="top">
				1258	<td valign="top">src-out</td>
				1259	<td valign="top">The part of the source lying outside of the destination
				1260	replaces the destination.</td>
				1261	</tr>
				1262
				1263	<tr valign="top">
				1264	<td valign="top">dst-out</td>
				1265	<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying outside of the source
				1266	replaces the destination.</td>
				1267	</tr>
				1268
				1269	<tr valign="top">
				1270	<td valign="top">src-atop</td>
				1271	<td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination is
				1272	composited onto the destination.</td>
				1273	</tr>
				1274
				1275	<tr valign="top">
				1276	<td valign="top">dst-atop</td>
				1277	<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source is
				1278	composited over the source and replaces the destination. Areas not
				1279	overlaid are cleared. </td>
				1280	</tr>
				1281
				1282	<tr valign="top">
				1283	<td valign="top">xor</td>
				1284	<td valign="top">The part of the source that lies outside of the
				1285	destination is combined with the part of the destination that lies
				1286	outside of the source. Source or Destination, but not both. </td>
				1287	</tr>
				1288
				1289	</tbody>
				1290	</table>
				1291
				1292	<p>Any of the 'Src-*' methods can also be specified without the 'Src-' part.
				1293	For example the defaul compose method can be specified as just 'Over'.</p>
				1294
				1295
				1296	<p>The following mathemathical composition methods are also available. </p>
				1297
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1298	<table class="doc">
				1299	<tbody>
				1300	<tr valign="top">
				1301	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1302	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1303	</tr>
				1304
				1305	<tr valign="top">
				1306	<td valign="top">multiply</td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1307	<td valign="top">The source is multiplied by the destination and replaces
				1308	the destination. The resultant color is always at least as dark as
				1309	either of the two constituent colors. Multiplying any color with black
				1310	produces black. Multiplying any color with white leaves the original
				1311	color unchanged.</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1312	</tr>
				1313
				1314	<tr valign="top">
				1315	<td valign="top">screen</td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1316	<td valign="top">The source and destination are complemented and then
				1317	multiplied and then replace the destination. The resultant color is
				1318	always at least as light as either of the two constituent colors.
				1319	Screening any color with white produces white. Screening any color
				1320	with black leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1321	</tr>
				1322
				1323	<tr valign="top">
				1324	<td valign="top">plus</td>
				1325	<td valign="top">The source is added to the destination and replaces the
				1326	destination. This operator is useful for averaging or a controled
				1327	merger of two images, rather than a direct overlay.</td>
				1328	</tr>
				1329
				1330	<tr valign="top">
				1331	<td valign="top">add</td>
				1332	<td valign="top">As per 'plus' but transparency data is treated as matte
				1333	values. As such any transparent areas in either image remain
				1334	transparent. </td>
				1335	</tr>
				1336
				1337	<tr valign="top">
				1338	<td valign="top">minus</td>
				1339	<td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
				1340	destination image. When transparency is involved, opaque areas is
				1341	subtracted from any destination opaque areas. </td>
				1342	</tr>
				1343
				1344	<tr valign="top">
				1345	<td valign="top">subtract</td>
				1346	<td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
				1347	destination image. When transparency is involved transparent areas are
				1348	subtracted, so only the opaque areas in the source remain opaque in
				1349	the destination image. </td>
				1350	</tr>
				1351
				1352	<tr valign="top">
				1353	<td valign="top">difference</td>
				1354	<td valign="top">Subtracts the darker of the two constituent colors from
				1355	the lighter. Painting with white inverts the destination color.
				1356	Painting with black produces no change.</td>
				1357	</tr>
				1358
				1359	<tr valign="top">
				1360	<td valign="top">exclusion</td>
				1361	<td valign="top">Produces an effect similar to that of 'difference', but
				1362	appears as lower contrast. Painting with white inverts the
				1363	destination color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
				1364	</tr>
				1365
				1366	<tr valign="top">
				1367	<td valign="top">darken</td>
				1368	<td valign="top">Selects the darker of the destination and source colors.
				1369	The destination is replaced with the source when the source is darker,
				1370	otherwise it is left unchanged.</td>
				1371	</tr>
				1372
				1373	<tr valign="top">
				1374	<td valign="top">lighten</td>
				1375	<td valign="top">Selects the lighter of the destination and source colors.
				1376	The destination is replaced with the source when the source is
				1377	lighter, otherwise it is left unchanged. </td>
				1378	</tr>
				1379
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1380	</tbody>
				1381	</table>
				1382
				1383	<p>Typically these use the default 'Over' alpha blending when transparencies
				1384	are also involved, except for 'Plus' which uses a 'plus' alpha blending.
				1385	This means the alpha channel is used to not only specify that all
				1386	non-transparent parts of the input image is visible, but also applied color
				1387	channel 'weighting' of the values. This also applied to the lighting
				1388	composition methods below. </p>
				1389
				1390	<p>As of IM v6.6.1-6, if the special '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag is not specified
				1391	(enabled by default) with the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, then
				1392	the above mathematical compositions will nolonger syncronise its actiosn with
				1393	the alpha channel. Instead the math composition will be applied on an
				1394	individual channel basis as defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>.
				1395	this includes the alpha channel. </p>
				1396
				1397	<p>This special usage allows you to perform mathematics between images. </p>
				1398
				1399
				1400	<p>The following lighting composition methods are also available. </p>
				1401
				1402	<table class="doc">
				1403	<tbody>
				1404	<tr valign="top">
				1405	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1406	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1407	</tr>
				1408
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1409	<tr valign="top">
				1410	<td valign="top">linear-dodge</td>
				1411	<td valign="top">This is equivelent to 'Plus' in that the color channels
				1412	are simply added, however it does not 'Plus' the alpha channel, but
				1413	uses the normal 'Over' alpha blending, which transparencies are
				1414	involved. Produces a sort of additive multiply-like result. Added
				1415	ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1416	</tr>
				1417
				1418	<tr valign="top">
				1419	<td valign="top">linear-burn</td>
				1420	<td valign="top">As 'Linear-Dodge', but also subtract one from the result.
				1421	Sort of a additive 'Screen' of the images. Added ImageMagick version
				1422	6.5.4-3. </td>
				1423	</tr>
				1424
				1425	<tr valign="top">
				1426	<td valign="top">color-dodge</td>
				1427	<td valign="top">Brightens the destination color to reflect the source
				1428	color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
				1429	</tr>
				1430
				1431	<tr valign="top">
				1432	<td valign="top">color-burn</td>
				1433	<td valign="top">Darkens the destination color to reflect the source
				1434	color. Painting with white produces no change. Fixed in ImageMagick
				1435	version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1436	</tr>
				1437
				1438	<tr valign="top">
				1439	<td valign="top">overlay</td>
				1440	<td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the
				1441	destination color. Source colors overlay the destination whilst
				1442	preserving its highlights and shadows. The destination color is not
				1443	replaced, but is mixed with the source color to reflect the lightness
				1444	or darkness of the destination.</td>
				1445	</tr>
				1446
				1447	<tr valign="top">
				1448	<td valign="top">hard-light</td>
				1449	<td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the source
				1450	color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination
				1451	is lightened as if it were screened. If the source color is darker
				1452	than 0.5, the destination is darkened, as if it were multiplied. The
				1453	degree of lightening or darkening is proportional to the difference
				1454	between the source color and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5 the
				1455	destination is unchanged. Painting with pure black or white produces
				1456	black or white.</td>
				1457	</tr>
				1458
				1459
				1460	<tr valign="top">
				1461	<td valign="top">linear-light</td>
				1462	<td valign="top">Like 'Hard-Light' but using linear-dodge and linear-burn
				1463	instead. Increases contrast slightly with an impact on the
				1464	foreground's tonal values.</td>
				1465	</tr>
				1466
				1467	<tr valign="top">
				1468	<td valign="top">soft-light</td>
				1469	<td valign="top">Darkens or lightens the colors, dependent on the source
				1470	color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination
				1471	is lightened. If the source color is darker than 0.5, the destination
				1472	is darkened, as if it were burned in. The degree of darkening or
				1473	lightening is proportional to the difference between the source color
				1474	and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5, the destination is unchanged. Painting
				1475	with pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area,
				1476	but does not result in pure black or white. Fixed in ImageMagick
				1477	version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1478	</tr>
				1479
				1480	<tr valign="top">
				1481	<td valign="top">pegtop-light</td>
				1482	<td valign="top">Almost equivelent to 'Soft-Light', but using a
				1483	continuious mathematical formula rather than two conditionally
				1484	selected formulae. Added ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1485	</tr>
				1486
				1487	<tr valign="top">
				1488	<td valign="top">vivid-light</td>
				1489	<td valign="top">A modified 'Linear-Light' designed to preserve very stong
				1490	primary and secondary colors in the image. Added ImageMagick version
				1491	6.5.4-3. </td>
				1492	</tr>
				1493
				1494	<tr valign="top">
				1495	<td valign="top">pin-light</td>
				1496	<td valign="top">Similar to 'Hard-Light', but using sharp linear shadings,
				1497	to similate the effects of a strong 'pinhole' light source. Added
				1498	ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1499	</tr>
				1500
				1501	</tbody>
				1502	</table>
				1503
				1504
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1505
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1506	<p>Also included are these special purpose compose methods:</p>
				1507
				1508	<table class="doc">
				1509	<tbody>
				1510	<tr valign="top">
				1511	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1512	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1513	</tr>
				1514
				1515	<tr valign="top">
				1516	<td valign="top">copy-*</td>
				1517	<td valign="top">Copy the specified channel (Red, Green, Blue, Cyan,
				1518	Magenta, Yellow, Black, or Opacity) in the source image to the
				1519	same channel in the destination image. If the channel specified
				1520	does not exist in the source image, (which can only happen for methods,
				1521	'<kbd>copy-opacity</kbd>' or '<kbd>copy-black</kbd>') then it is
				1522	assumed that the source image is a special grayscale channel image
				1523	of the values to be copied. </td>
				1524	</tr>
				1525
				1526	<tr valign="top">
				1527	<td valign="top">change-mask</td>
				1528	<td valign="top">Replace any destination pixel that is the similar to the source images pixel (as defined by the current <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> factor), with transparency. </td>
				1529	</tr>
				1530	</tbody>
				1531	</table>
				1532
				1533	<p>On top of these composed methods are a few special ones that not only require
				1534	the two images that are being merged or overlaid, but have some extra numerical
				1535	arguments, which are tabled below. </p>
				1536
				1537	<p>In the "<code>composite</code>" command these composition methods are
				1538	selected using special options with the arguments needed. They are usually,
				1539	but not always, the same name as the composte 'method' they use, and replaces
				1540	the normal use of the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting in the
				1541	"<code>composite</code>" command. For example... </p>
				1542
				1543	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>composite ... -blend 50x50 ...</span></p>
				1544	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-4 the "<code>convert</code>" command can now also supply
				1545	these extra arguments to its <a href="#composite" >-composite</a> operator,
				1546	using the special <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'. This means you can now make use of
				1547	these special argumented <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> methods, those the
				1548	argument and the method both need to be set separatally. For example... </p>
				1549
				1550	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert ... -compose blend -set option:compose:args 50x50 -composite ...</span></p>
				1551	<p>The following is a table of these special 'argumented' compose methods,
				1552	with a brief summary of what they do. For more details see the equivalent
				1553	"composite" command option name. </p>
				1554
				1555	<table class="doc">
				1556	<tbody>
				1557	<tr valign="top">
				1558	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1559	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1560	</tr>
				1561
				1562	<tr valign="top">
				1563	<td valign="top">dissolve</td>
				1564	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1565	<em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]
				1566	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#dissolve">-dissolve</a>
				1567	<br>Dissolve the 'source' image by the percentage given before overlaying
				1568	'over' the 'destination' image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em> is
				1569	greater than 100, it starts dissolving the main image so it will
				1570	become transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If
				1571	both percentages are given, each image are dissolved to the
				1572	percentages given.
				1573	</td>
				1574	</tr>
				1575
				1576	<tr valign="top">
				1577	<td valign="top">blend</td>
				1578	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1579	<em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]
				1580	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#blend">-blend</a>
				1581	<br>Average the images together ('plus') according to the percentages
				1582	given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage value
				1583	is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				1584	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is
				1585	a <kbd>-blend 30</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of
				1586	the 'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend
				1587	30x70</kbd>.
				1588	</td>
				1589	</tr>
				1590
				1591	<tr valign="top">
				1592	<td valign="top">mathematics</td>
				1593	<td valign="top">Arguments: <em class="arg">A, B, C, D</em>
				1594	<br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time.
				1595	<br>Merge the source and destination images according to the formula
				1596	<br>     <code>AScDc + BSc + CDc + D</code>
				1597	<br>Can be used to generate a custom composition method that would
				1598	otherwise need to be implemented using the slow <a href="#fx">-fx</a>
				1599	DIY image operator. Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3.
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1600	<br>As of IM v6.6.1-6 this method will do per-channel math compositions
				1601	if the 'Sync' flag is removed from <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>,
				1602	just like all the other mathematical compostion methods above.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1603	</td>
				1604	</tr>
				1605
				1606	<tr valign="top">
				1607	<td valign="top">modulate</td>
				1608	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1609	<em class="arg">brightness</em>[x<em class="arg">saturation</em>]
				1610	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#watermark">-watermark</a>
				1611	<br>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination
				1612	image's brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and
				1613	the <em class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations
				1614	color saturation attribute is just direct modified by the <em
				1615	class="arg">saturation</em> percentage, which defaults to 100 percent
				1616	(no color change).
				1617
				1618	</td>
				1619	</tr>
				1620
				1621	<tr valign="top">
				1622	<td valign="top">displace</td>
				1623	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1624	<em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em>][!][%]
				1625	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#displace">-displace</a>
				1626	<br>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask'
				1627	image, is used as a relative displacement map, which is used to
				1628	displace the lookup of what part of the destination image is seen at
				1629	each point of the overlaid area. Much like the displacement map is a
				1630	'lens' that distorts the original 'background' image behind it.
				1631	<br><br>
				1632	The X-scale is modilated by the 'red' channel of the overlay image
				1633	while the Y-scale is modulated by the green channel, (the mask image
				1634	if given is rolled into green channel of the overlay image. This
				1635	separation allows you to modulate the X and Y lookup displacement
				1636	separatally allowing you to di 2 dimentional displacements, rather
				1637	than 1 dimentional verctored displacements (using grayscale image).
				1638	<br><br>
				1639	If the overlay image contains transparency this is used as a mask
				1640	of the resulting image to remove 'invalid' pixels.
				1641	<br><br>
				1642	The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				1643	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				1644	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				1645	<br><br>
				1646	Special flags were added Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5.
				1647	</td>
				1648	</tr>
				1649
				1650	<tr valign="top">
				1651	<td valign="top">distort</td>
				1652	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1653	<em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em
				1654	>[+<em class="arg">X-center</em>+<em class="arg">Y-center</em>]][!][%]
				1655	<br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time.
				1656	<br>Exactly as per 'Displace' (above), but using absolute coordinates,
				1657	relative to the center of the overlay (or that given). Basically
				1658	allows you to generate absolute distortion maps where 'black' will
				1659	look up the left/top edge, and 'white' looks up the bottom/right
				1660	edge of the destination image, according to the scale given.
				1661	<br><br>
				1662	The '!' flag not only switches percentage scaling, to use the
				1663	destination image, but also the image the center offset of the lookup.
				1664	This means the overlay can lookup a completely different region of the
				1665	destination image.
				1666	<br><br>
				1667	Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5.
				1668	</td>
				1669	</tr>
				1670
				1671	<tr valign="top">
				1672	<td valign="top">blur</td>
				1673	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1674	<em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em
				1675	>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]
				1676	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>"
				1677	<a href="#blur-composite">-blur</a>
				1678	<br>A Variable Blur Mapping Composition method, where each pixel in the
				1679	overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA),
				1680	with an ellipse (typically a circle) of the given sigma size, scaled
				1681	according to overlay (source image) grayscale mapping.
				1682	<br><br>
				1683	As per 'Displace' and 'Distort', the red channel will modulate the
				1684	width of the ellipse, while the green channel will modulate the height
				1685	of the ellipse. However at this time the ellipse angle is not
				1686	modulated though this may be a future posibility (perhaps with a
				1687	special flag to enable use of blur channel for this purpose).
				1688	<br><br>
				1689	Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-0.
				1690	</td>
				1691	</tr>
				1692
				1693	</tbody>
				1694	</table>
				1695
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1696	<p>To print a complete list of all the available compose operators, use <a
				1697	href="#list">-list compose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1698
				1699
				1700	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1701	<h4><a name="composite" id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
				1702	</div>
				1703
				1704	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on the current image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1705
				1706	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1707	according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
				1708	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
				1709	href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
				1710	settings. </p>
				1711
				1712	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
				1713	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask will limit what parts of
				1714	the destination can be modified by the image composition. However for the
				1715	'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
				1716	Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1717
				1718	<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
				1719	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1720	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
				1721	appropriatally for the compose method. </p>
				1722
				1723	<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
				1724	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1725	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
				1726	to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
				1727
				1728
				1729	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1730	<h4><a name="compress" id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				1731	</div>
				1732
				1733	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1734
				1735	<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
				1736
				1737	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
				1738
				1739	<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
				1740
				1741	<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1742
				1743	<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally not recommended.</p>
				1744
				1745	<p>Use the <a href="#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling the chroma channels.</p>
				1746
				1747	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1748	<h4><a name="contrast" id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
				1749	</div>
				1750
				1751	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1752
				1753	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1754
				1755	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1756
				1757	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
				1758	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1759	<h4><a name="contrast-stretch" id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				1760	</div>
				1761
				1762	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1763
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1764	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <em
				1765	class="arg" >black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1766	class="arg" >white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
				1767	<em class="arg" >black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1768	class="arg" >white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1769
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1770	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				1771	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg"
				1772	>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg" >total pixels
				1773	minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em
				1774	class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg"
				1775	>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1776
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1777	<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
				1778	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
				1779	>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
				1780	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
				1781	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</kbd> (or
				1782	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1783
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1784	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1785	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1786	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1787
				1788	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				1789	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
				1790	setting is in use. Specifing any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
				1791	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1792
				1793	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				1794	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1795
				1796	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1797
				1798
				1799	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1800	<h4><a name="convolve" id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
				1801	</div>
				1802
				1803	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1804
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1805	<p>The <em class="arg">kernel</em> is a matrix specified as
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1806	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1807	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1808	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <em
				1809	class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1810	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1811
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1812	<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
				1813	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1814	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1815	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1816	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1817	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1818	</p>
				1819
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1820	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				1821	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
				1822	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				1823	href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High
				1824	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1825	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
				1826	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1827	entry. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1828
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1829
				1830	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1831	<h4><a name="crop" id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				1832	</div>
				1833
				1834	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1835
				1836	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1837
				1838	<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1839
				1840	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1841
				1842	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1843
				1844	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1845	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1846	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1847	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1848	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1849
				1850	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1851	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1852	missed' warning given. </p>
				1853
cristy	739df91	2009-10-24 16:10:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1854	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the upper-left corner of the visible image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1855
				1856	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1857	<h4><a name="cycle" id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
				1858	</div>
				1859
				1860	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image colormap by amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1861
				1862	<p><em class="arg">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
				1863	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1864
				1865
				1866	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1867	<h4><a name="debug" id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="arg">events</em></h4>
				1868	</div>
				1869
				1870	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1871
				1872	<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
				1873
				1874
				1875	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1876
				1877	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
				1878	<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1879
				1880	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
				1881
				1882	<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
				1883
				1884	<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1885
				1886	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
				1887
				1888
				1889	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1890	<h4><a name="decipher" id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				1891	</div>
				1892
				1893	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1894
				1895	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				1896
				1897	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1898
				1899
				1900	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1901	<h4><a name="deconstruct" id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h4>
				1902	</div>
				1903
				1904	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1905
				1906	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
				1907
				1908	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1909
				1910	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
				1911
				1912
				1913	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1914	<h4><a name="define" id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
				1915	</div>
				1916
				1917	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add coder/decoder specific options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1918
				1919	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use while reading and writing image data. Definitions may be passed to coders and decoders to control options that are specific to certain image formats. If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all existing definitions.</p>
				1920
				1921	<p>The following definitions may be created:</p>
				1922
				1923	<ul>
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1924	<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
				1925	<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the DCM image format.</dd><br />
				1926	<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1927	<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g. <kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd><br />
				1928	<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1929	<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd><br />
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1930	<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
cristy	48dd1af	2009-10-02 01:21:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1931	<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128. It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd><br />
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1932	<dt>jp2:rate=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1933	<dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined, this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75 results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd><br />
				1934	<dt>mng:need-cacheoff</dt>
				1935	<dd>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</dd><br />
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1936	<dt>png:bit-depth=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1937	<dt>png:color-type=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1938	<dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale, indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image, you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>, <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index, which can range from 1 to 8. In such files, the color samples always have 8-bit depth.</dd><br />
				1939	<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1940	<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask operator instead of the image operator.</dd><br />
				1941	<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
				1942	<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a single precision floating-point format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:).</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1943	</ul>
				1944
				1945	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
				1946
				1947	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
				1948	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files, use:</p>
				1949
				1950	<p class="crtsnip">
				1951	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				1952	</p>
				1953
				1954	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1955	<h4><a name="delay" id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
				1956	</div>
				1957
				1958	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1959
				1960	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				1961
				1962	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay <em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
				1963
				1964
				1965	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1966	<h4><a name="delete" id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
				1967	</div>
				1968
				1969	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1970
				1971	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				1972
				1973
				1974	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1975	<h4><a name="density" id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
				1976	</div>
				1977
				1978	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1979
				1980	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
				1981
				1982	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				1983
				1984	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				1985
				1986	<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				1987
				1988	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1989	<h4><a name="depth" id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1990	</div>
				1991
				1992	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1993
				1994	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				1995
				1996	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1997	<h4><a name="descend" id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
				1998	</div>
				1999
				2000	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2001
				2002	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2003	<h4><a name="deskew" id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				2004	</div>
				2005
				2006	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2007
				2008	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				2009
				2010	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2011	<h4><a name="despeckle" id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
				2012	</div>
				2013
				2014	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the speckles within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2015
				2016	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2017	<h4><a name="direction" id="direction"></a>-direction <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2018	</div>
				2019
				2020	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2021
				2022	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2023	<h4><a name="displace" id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
				2024	</div>
				2025
				2026	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2027
				2028	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
				2029	will be used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
				2030	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				2031	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				2032	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				2033	behind it. </p>
				2034
				2035	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				2036	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				2037	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				2038	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				2039
				2040	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				2041	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				2042	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				2043	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				2044	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				2045	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				2046	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				2047
				2048	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				2049	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
				2050	it is also posible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
				2051	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
				2052	easilly copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
				2053	into the overlay area. </p>
				2054
				2055	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				2056	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				2057	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				2058	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				2059
				2060	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				2061	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
				2062	displacements can occur (positivally or negativally). However, if you also
				2063	specify a third image which is normally used as a <em class="arg">mask</em>,
				2064	then the <em class="arg">composite image</em> will be used for horizontal X
				2065	displacement, while the <em class="arg">mask image</em> is used for vertical Y
				2066	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				2067	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				2068	the <em class="arg">scale</em> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
				2069	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimentional displacements, rather
				2070	than a simple 1 dimentional vector displacements. </p>
				2071
				2072	<p>Alternativally rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
				2073	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				2074	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				2075	</p>
				2076
				2077	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image will be used as a
				2078	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				2079	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				2080
				2081
				2082	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2083	<h4><a name="display" id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
				2084	</div>
				2085
				2086	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2087
				2088	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
				2089
				2090	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2091	<h4><a name="dispose" id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				2092	</div>
				2093
				2094	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2095
				2096	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				2097	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				2098	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				2099	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				2100
				2101	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				2102
				2103	<pre class="text">
				2104	Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
				2105	None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
				2106	Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
				2107	Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
				2108	</pre>
				2109
				2110	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				2111	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				2112
				2113	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dipose</a>.</p>
				2114
				2115	<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
				2116	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				2117
				2118	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
				2119	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				2120
				2121	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2122	<h4><a name="dissimilarity-threshold" id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				2123	</div>
				2124
				2125	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2126
				2127
				2128	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2129	<h4><a name="dissolve" id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]</h4>
				2130	</div>
				2131
				2132	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2133
				2134	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				2135	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
				2136	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it will become
				2137	transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
				2138	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				2139
				2140	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				2141	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				2142	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				2143
				2144	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2145	<h4><a name="distort" id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="arg">method arguments</em></h4>
				2146	</div>
				2147
				2148	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>distort an image, using the given <em class="arg">method</em> and its required <em class="arg">arguments</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2149
				2150	<p>The <em class="arg">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
				2151	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				2152	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <em
				2153	class="arg">method</em> being used. </p>
				2154
				2155	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				2156
				2157	<table class="doc">
				2158	<tr valign="top">
				2159	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				2160	<th align="left">Description</th>
				2161	</tr>
				2162
				2163	<tr valign="top">
				2164	<td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
				2165	<br/>or   <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
				2166	<td valign="top">
				2167	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				2168	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				2169	is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
				2170	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				2171	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
				2172	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
				2173
				2174	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
				2175	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
				2176
				2177	<table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
				2178	<tr><td>#  </td><td>arguments meaning</td></tr>
				2179	<tr><td>1:</td><td><em>Angle_of_Rotation</em></td></tr>
				2180	<tr><td>2:</td><td><em>Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2181	<tr><td>3:</td><td><em>ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2182	<tr><td>4:</td><td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2183	<tr><td>5:</td>
				2184	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2185	<tr><td>6:</td>
				2186	<td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle   NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2187	<tr><td>7:</td>
				2188	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle
				2189	NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2190	</table>
				2191
				2192	This is actually an alternative way of specifing a 2 dimensional linear
				2193	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2194
				2195	<tr valign="top">
				2196	<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
				2197	<td valign="top">
				2198	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
				2199	of control points (as defined below). Idealy 3 sets or 12 floating
				2200	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2201	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2202	also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
				2203	distortions. <br/>
				2204
				2205	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				2206	squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
				2207	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
				2208	rotation and scaling is performed, without any posible shearing,
				2209	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2210	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
				2211	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
				2212
				2213	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2214	</td>
				2215
				2216	</tr>
				2217
				2218	<tr valign="top">
				2219	<td valign="top"><kbd>AffineProjection</kbd></td>
				2220	<td valign="top">
				2221	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2222	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2223	the source image to the destination image.
				2224
				2225	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2226	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2227	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2228	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2229	</em></div>
				2230
				2231	See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2232	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
				2233
				2234	The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
				2235	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing the
				2236	calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can see
				2237	the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a href="#verbose"
				2238	>-verbose</a> setting. </td>
				2239
				2240	</tr>
				2241
				2242	<!-- still under development, do not display - Anthony
				2243	<tr valign="top">
				2244	<td valign="top"><kbd>Bilinear</kbd></td>
				2245	<td valign="top">
				2246	Bilinear (reversed) Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of
				2247	coordinate pairs, or 16 values (see below). Not that lines may not
				2248	appear straight after distortion, though the distance between
				2249	coordinates will remain consistant. </td>
				2250	</tr>
				2251	-->
				2252
				2253	<tr valign="top">
				2254	<td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
				2255	<td valign="top">
				2256	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2257	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2258	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				2259	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panarama
				2260	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
				2261	linear distortion. <br/>
				2262
				2263	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2264	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2265	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
				2266	<a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
				2267	</tr>
				2268
				2269	<tr valign="top">
				2270	<td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd>  </td>
				2271	<td valign="top">
				2272	Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion basied on a set of 8
				2273	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
				2274	at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
				2275	'<kbd>Prespective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				2276	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2277	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2278
				2279	</tr>
				2280
				2281	<tr valign="top">
				2282	<td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
				2283	<td valign="top">
				2284	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2285	a circle. <br/>
				2286	<table width="90%" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				2287	<tr valign="top"><td>Argument</td>
				2288	<td>Meaning</td></tr>
				2289	<tr valign="top"><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
				2290	<td>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</td></tr>
				2291	<tr valign="top"><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
				2292	<td>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</td></tr>
				2293	<tr valign="top"><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
				2294	<td>Set top edge of source image at this radius</td></tr>
				2295	<tr valign="top"><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
				2296	<td>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</td></tr>
				2297	</table>
				2298
				2299	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
				2300	(as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
				2301	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2302	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
				2303	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
				2304
				2305	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2306	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2307	conversion. </td>
				2308	</tr>
				2309
				2310	<tr valign="top">
				2311	<td valign="top"><kbd>Polar</kbd></td>
				2312	<td valign="top">
				2313	Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2314	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2315	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
				2316	angle limits. <br/>
				2317
				2318	Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br/>
				2319
				2320	All arguments are optional. With <em>Rmin</em> defaulting to zero, the
				2321	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2322	to +180 (top). If <em>Rmax</em> is given the special value of
				2323	'<code>0</code>', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2324	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2325	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2326	'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2327	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2328	but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
				2329	the same arguments. <br/>
				2330
				2331	If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
				2332	output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
				2333	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2334	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2335
				2336	</tr>
				2337
				2338	<tr valign="top">
				2339	<td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
				2340	<td valign="top">
				2341	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
				2342	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
				2343
				2344	The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
				2345	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2346	<em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>-1</code>' (maximum center to corner
				2347	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2348	generated result, so that the same argument to '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' will
				2349	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2350
				2351	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2352	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
				2353	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recomended some
				2354	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2355	a high quality result. </td>
				2356
				2357	</tr>
				2358
				2359	<tr valign="top">
				2360	<td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
				2361	<td valign="top">
				2362	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
				2363	href="http://www.all-in-one.ee/~dersch/barrel/barrel.html" >Helmut
				2364	Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pincussion distortion appropriate to
				2365	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
				2366	lines straight again. <br/>
				2367
				2368	Arguments: <em>A   B   C</em>   [ <em>D</em>   [
				2369	<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br/>
				2370	or <em>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2371	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></em>
				2372	[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br/>
				2373	So that it forms the function <br/>
				2374	Rsrc = r * ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2375	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2376
				2377	Where <em>X</em>,<em>Y</em> is the optional center of the distortion
				2378	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
				2379	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
				2380	correct lens distortions. <br/>
				2381	</td>
				2382
				2383	</tr>
				2384
				2385	<tr valign="top">
				2386	<td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
				2387	<td valign="top">
				2388	This is very simular to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
				2389	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2390	of the radial polynomial,
				2391	so that it forms the function <br/>
				2392	Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2393	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )
				2394	</td>
				2395	</tr>
				2396
				2397	<tr valign="top">
				2398	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
				2399	<td valign="top">
				2400	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
				2401	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
				2402	href="http://www.ems-i.com/smshelp/Data_Module/Interpolation/Inverse_Distance_Weighted.htm"
				2403	>Shepards Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized'
				2404	distortions of the image around the given control point. For best
				2405	results extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of
				2406	the corners and other unchanging parts of the image. <br/>
				2407
				2408	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, pins or
				2409	sticks. It basically uses the <a href="#sparse-color"
				2410	>-sparse-color</a> method of the same name to generate separate X and Y
				2411	displacement maps (see <a href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source
				2412	image color look-up. </td>
				2413
				2414	</tr>
				2415
				2416	</table>
				2417
				2418	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list distort</a>.</p>
				2419
				2420	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
				2421	'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
				2422	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2423	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2424	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2425	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2426	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2427	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2428	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2429	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2430	...
				2431	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2432	</em></div>
				2433	<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
				2434	destination image. </p>
				2435
				2436	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
				2437	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2438	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2439	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2440	understand.</p>
				2441
				2442	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
				2443	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \ <br/>
				2444	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \ <br/>
				2445	rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
				2446	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for a
				2447	distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to
				2448	produce the best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the
				2449	ideal number of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a
				2450	simpler form of distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates
				2451	(usally a linear '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
				2452
				2453	<p>By using more coodinates you can make use of image registration tool to
				2454	find matching coordinate pairs in overlaping images, so as to improve the 'fit'
				2455	of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the 'fit'
				2456	worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
				2457
				2458	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
				2459	href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
				2460	magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller), a
				2461	special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
				2462	produce a higher quality image. For example you can use a
				2463	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the
				2464	way to the horizon. </p>
				2465
				2466	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \ <br/>
				2467	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \ <br/>
				2468	checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
				2469	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2470	be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
				2471	function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
				2472	using a <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
				2473	(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
				2474
				2475	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
				2476	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="#distort" >-distort</a>
				2477	will use the current <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
				2478	pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
				2479	the rest of the ground. </p>
				2480
				2481	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2482	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
				2483	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you
				2484	use the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the
				2485	operator will attempt (if posible) to show the whole of the distorted image,
				2486	while retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This
				2487	offset may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove
				2488	if it is unwanted. </p>
				2489
				2490	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
				2491	option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
				2492	the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
				2493	image space.</p>
				2494
				2495	<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
				2496	{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
				2497	that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
				2498	can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
				2499	or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
				2500	changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2501
				2502	<p>Setting <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2503	href="#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2504	and the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
				2505	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2506
				2507	<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
				2508	produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
				2509	and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
				2510	above settings. It is algorithmically slower, though in ImageMagick it may be faster.
				2511	</p>
				2512
				2513
				2514	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2515	<h4><a name="dither" id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				2516	</div>
				2517
				2518	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2519
				2520	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighbouring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
				2521
				2522	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				2523	setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				2524	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				2525	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				2526	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				2527	color gradients. </p>
				2528
				2529	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				2530	href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
				2531
				2532	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				2533
				2534
				2535	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2536	<h4><a name="draw" id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				2537	</div>
				2538
				2539	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2540
				2541	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
				2542
				2543	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				2544
				2545	<pre class="text">
				2546	point x,y
				2547	line x0,y0 x1,y1
				2548	rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2549	roundRectangle x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc
				2550	arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1
				2551	ellipse x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1
				2552	circle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2553	polyline x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2554	polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2555	bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2556	path path specification
				2557	image operator x0,y0 w,h filename
				2558	</pre>
				2559
				2560	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				2561
				2562	<pre class="text">
				2563	text x0,y0 string
				2564	</pre>
				2565	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				2566
				2567	<pre class="text">
				2568	gravity NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center,
				2569	East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
				2570	</pre>
				2571
				2572	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				2573
				2574	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				2575
				2576	<pre class="text">
				2577	rotate degrees
				2578	translate dx,dy
				2579	scale sx,sy
				2580	skewX degrees
				2581	skewY degrees
				2582	</pre>
				2583
				2584	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				2585
				2586	<pre class="text">
				2587	color x0,y0 method
				2588	matte x0,y0 method
				2589	</pre>
				2590
				2591	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
				2592
				2593	<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
				2594
				2595	<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				2596
				2597	<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				2598
				2599	<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
				2600
				2601	<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				2602
				2603	<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				2604
				2605	<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
				2606
				2607	<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
				2608	</p>
				2609
				2610	<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
				2611
				2612	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
				2613
				2614	<p class="crtsnip">
				2615	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				2616	</p>
				2617
				2618	<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
				2619	draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				2620
				2621	<p class="crtsnip">
				2622	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				2623	</p>
				2624	<p class="crtsnip">
				2625	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				2626	</p>
				2627
				2628
				2629	<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
				2630
				2631	<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
				2632
				2633	<p class="crtsnip">
				2634	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				2635	</p>
				2636
				2637	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given dimensions. See <a href="#compose">-compose</a> for a description of the composite operators.</p>
				2638
				2639	<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
				2640
				2641	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
				2642
				2643	<p class="crtsnip">
				2644	-draw 'text 100,100 "Works like magick!"'
				2645	</p>
				2646
				2647	<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
				2648
				2649	<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
				2650
				2651	<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
				2652
				2653	<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
				2654
				2655	<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				2656
				2657	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
				2658	matrix.</p>
				2659
				2660	<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
				2661
				2662	<pre class="text">
				2663	point
				2664	replace
				2665	floodfill
				2666	filltoborder
				2667	reset
				2668	</pre>
				2669
				2670	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The <kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all pixels.</p>
				2671
				2672	<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the matte value of all pixels.</p>
				2673
				2674	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				2675
				2676	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
				2677
				2678	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				2679
				2680
				2681	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2682	<h4><a name="edge" id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				2683	</div>
				2684
				2685	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect edges within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2686
				2687	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2688	<h4><a name="emboss" id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				2689	</div>
				2690
				2691	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>emboss an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2692
				2693	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2694	<h4><a name="encipher" id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				2695	</div>
				2696
				2697	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2698
				2699	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				2700
				2701	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				2702
				2703	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2704	<h4><a name="encoding" id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2705	</div>
				2706
				2707	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2708
				2709	<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
				2710
				2711	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2712	<h4><a name="endian" id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2713	</div>
				2714
				2715	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2716
				2717	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				2718
				2719	<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				2720
				2721
				2722	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2723	<h4><a name="enhance" id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h4>
				2724	</div>
				2725
				2726	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2727
				2728
				2729	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2730	<h4><a name="equalize" id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h4>
				2731	</div>
				2732
				2733	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2734
				2735	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				2736
				2737	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2738
				2739	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2740
				2741	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2742	<h4><a name="evaluate" id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
				2743	</div>
				2744
				2745	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2746
				2747	<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				2748
				2749	<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
				2750
				2751	<table class="doc">
				2752	<col width="25%" />
				2753	<col width="75%" />
				2754	<thead>
				2755	<tr>
				2756	<th><em class="arg">operator</em></th>
				2757	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				2758	</tr>
				2759	</thead>
				2760	<tbody>
				2761
				2762	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
				2763	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
				2764	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2765	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2766	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2767	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2768	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				2769	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2770	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <em class="arg">value</em> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2771	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Clip pixels at upper bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2772	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2773	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2774	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2775	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2776	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2777	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2778	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> from pixels.</td></tr>
				2779	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <em class="arg">value.</em></td></tr>
				2780
				2781	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2782
				2783	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
				2784	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
				2785	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
				2786	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
				2787	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
				2788	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
				2789
				2790	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2791
				2792	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2793	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2794	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <em class="arg">value</em>. </td></tr>
				2795	</tbody>
				2796	</table>
				2797
				2798	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				2799	href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
				2800	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
				2801	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				2802	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				2803	<kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				2804	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
				2805	as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
				2806
				2807	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				2808	<a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				2809
				2810	<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
				2811	<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				2812	href="#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with
				2813	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
				2814	Please note, however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				2815	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
				2816	'alpha' values.</p>
				2817
				2818	<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
				2819
				2820	<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
				2821
				2822	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2823	log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
				2824	</div>
				2825
				2826	<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
				2827	normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
				2828	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
				2829	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
				2830	with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
				2831	with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
				2832
				2833	<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				2834	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				2835	The synonyms <kbd>Cos</kbd> and <kbd>Sin</kbd> may also be used. The output
				2836	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				2837	range. The <em class="arg">value</em> scaling of the <em>period</em> of the
				2838	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				2839	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <em
				2840	class="arg">value</em> is 1, the effective period is simply the <em
				2841	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>; but if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 2,
				2842	then the effective period is the <em>half</em> the <em
				2843	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.
				2844
				2845	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2846	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
				2847	</div>
				2848
				2849	See also the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
				2850	multi-value version of evaluate. </P>
				2851
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2852	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2853	<h4><a name="evaluate-sequence" id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
				2854	</div>
				2855
				2856	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2857
				2858	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2859	<h4><a name="extent" id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				2860	</div>
				2861
				2862	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2863
cristy	3e2860c	2010-01-24 01:36:30 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2864	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2865
				2866	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2867
				2868	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2869	<h4><a name="extract" id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				2870	</div>
				2871
				2872	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2873
				2874	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				2875
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2876	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2877
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2878	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2879	<p>then the image will be <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
				2880	equivalent to:</p>
				2881
				2882	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
				2883	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2884
				2885	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2886	<h4><a name="family" id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
				2887	</div>
				2888
				2889	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2890
				2891	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
				2892	</p>
				2893
				2894	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
				2895	</p>
				2896
				2897	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2898	<h4><a name="features" id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
				2899	</div>
				2900
				2901	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2902
				2903	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2904	<h4><a name="fft" id="fft"></a>-fft</h4>
				2905	</div>
				2906
				2907	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2908
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2909	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform" target="_blank">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT" target="_blank">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT" target="_blank">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2910
				2911	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It will be either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers" target="_blank">Complex Numbers</a>.<p>
				2912
				2913	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				2914
				2915	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
				2916	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
				2917
				2918	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
				2919	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
				2920
				2921	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it will be padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images will be square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
				2922
				2923	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick, the phase image is scaled to span the full dynamic range. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				2924
				2925	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
				2926	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png</span></p>
				2927	<p>where the <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first. The argument to the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				2928
				2929	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/" target="_blank">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#fft">-fft</a>.
				2930
				2931	<p>Use <a href="#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				2932
				2933	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF or PFM formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part.</p>
				2934
				2935	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> also will be square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</a>
				2936
				2937	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				2938	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				2939	</p>
				2940
				2941
				2942	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2943	<h4><a name="fill" id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				2944	</div>
				2945
				2946	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2947
				2948	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				2949
				2950	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				2951
				2952	<p>For example,</p>
				2953
				2954	<p class="crtsnip">
				2955	-fill blue
				2956	</p>
				2957	<p class="crtsnip">
				2958	-fill "#ddddff"
				2959	</p>
				2960	<p class="crtsnip">
				2961	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				2962	</p>
				2963
				2964	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				2965
				2966	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				2967
				2968	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2969	<h4><a name="filter" id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2970	</div>
				2971
				2972	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2973
				2974	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image (see <a
				2975	href="#resize">-resize</a>). For example you can use a simple resize filter
				2976	such as:</p>
				2977
				2978	<pre class="text">
				2979	Point Hermite Cubic
				2980	Box Gaussian Catrom
				2981	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				2982	</pre>
				2983
				2984	<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided, but are
				2985	by default <kbd>blackman</kbd>-windowed. However these filters define a
				2986	windowing filter for the Sinc or Bessel filter function, as appropriate for
				2987	the scaling operator used (usally Sinc for orthogonal <a href="#resize"
				2988	>-resize</a>). Windowed filters include: </p>
				2989
				2990	<pre class="text">
				2991	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				2992	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				2993	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				2994	</pre>
				2995
				2996	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				2997	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				2998	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				2999
				3000	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to <kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to <kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
				3001
				3002	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list filter</a> option.</p>
				3003
				3004	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
				3005	use of these expert settings:</p>
				3006
				3007	<dl class="doc">
				3008	<dt>-set filter:blur <em>factor</em></dt>
				3009	<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
				3010	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp.</dd>
				3011
				3012	<dt>-set filter:support <em>radius</em></dt>
				3013	<dd>Set the filter support radius.</dd>
				3014
				3015	<dt>-set filter:lobes <em>count</em></dt>
				3016	<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
				3017	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter.</dd>
				3018
				3019	<dt>-set filter:b <em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
				3020	<dt>-set filter:c <em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
				3021	<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
				3022	<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
				3023	the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
				3024	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
				3025	filter.
				3026
				3027	<dt>-set filter:filter <em>filter</em></dt>
				3028	<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
				3029	you to directly use a 'windowing filter' such as <kbd>blackman</kbd>,
				3030	rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
				3031	'Bessel'. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the following
				3032	expert setting is also defined.</dd>
				3033
				3034	<dt>-set filter:window <em>filter</em></dt>
				3035	<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>bessel</kbd> and
				3036	<kbd>sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				3037	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to use a filter that
				3038	is not normally used as a windowing function, such as <kbd>box</kbd>,
				3039	(which effectivally turns off the windowing function). </dd>
				3040
				3041	</dl>
				3042
				3043	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Lanczos-Bessel filter:</p>
				3044
				3045	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
				3046	-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
				3047	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3048	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				3049
				3050	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
				3051	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3052	<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
				3053	filters), are provided for image processing experts who have studied and
				3054	understood how resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an
				3055	understanding of the defination of the actual filters involved, using expert
				3056	settings are more likely to be detremental to your image resizing.</p>
				3057
				3058
				3059	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3060	<h4><a name="flatten" id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
				3061	</div>
				3062
				3063	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3064
				3065
				3066	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3067	<h4><a name="flip" id="flip"></a>-flip</h4>
				3068	</div>
				3069
				3070	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3071
				3072	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction.</p>
				3073
				3074	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3075	<h4><a name="floodfill" id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3076	</div>
				3077
				3078	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3079
				3080	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3081	<h4><a name="flop" id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
				3082	</div>
				3083
				3084	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3085
				3086	<p>reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction.</p>
				3087
				3088
				3089	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3090	<h4><a name="font" id="font"></a>-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				3091	</div>
				3092
				3093	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3094
				3095	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				3096
				3097	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				3098	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
				3099	is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
				3100	<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
				3101
				3102	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				3103
				3104
				3105	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3106	<h4><a name="foreground" id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3107	</div>
				3108
				3109	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3110
				3111	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				3112
				3113	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				3114
				3115	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3116	<h4><a name="format" id="format"></a>-format <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3117	</div>
				3118
				3119	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3120
				3121	<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="/www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
				3122
				3123	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
				3124
				3125	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3126	<h4><a name="format_identify_" id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				3127	</div>
				3128
				3129	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3130
				3131	<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
				3132
				3133	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3134	<h4><a name="frame" id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3135	</div>
				3136
				3137	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3138
				3139	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
				3140
				3141	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness <em>y</em> pixels. (Negative offsets make no sense here.) The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3142
				3143
				3144	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3145	<h4><a name="frame_import_" id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
				3146	</div>
				3147
				3148	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3149
				3150	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3151	<h4><a name="function" id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
				3152	</div>
				3153
				3154	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3155
				3156	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
				3157
				3158	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				3159
				3160	<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
				3161
				3162	<pre class="text">
				3163	Polynomial
				3164	Sinusoid
				3165	Arcsin
				3166	Arctan
				3167	</pre>
				3168
				3169	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				3170
				3171	<dl class="doc">
				3172	<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
				3173	<dd>
				3174	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
				3175
				3176	<div style="text-align: center">
				3177	-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
				3178	</div>
				3179
				3180	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				3181
				3182	<div style="text-align: center">
				3183	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em></sup> +
				3184	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em>-1</sup> +
				3185	··· <em>a</em><sub>1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b> + <em>a</em><sub>0</sub>,
				3186	</div>
				3187
				3188	<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				3189
				3190	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
				3191
				3192	<table class="doc">
				3193	<col width="35%" />
				3194	<col width="35%" />
				3195	<col width="30%" />
				3196	<tr>
				3197	<td>-evaluate Set <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3198	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3199	<td>(Constant functions; set <em class="arg">value</em>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				3200	</tr>
				3201	<tr>
				3202	<td>-evaluate Add <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3203	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3204	</tr>
				3205	<tr>
				3206	<td>-evaluate Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3207	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3208	</tr>
				3209	<tr>
				3210	<td>-evaluate Multiply <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3211	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em>,0</td>
				3212	</tr>
				3213	<tr>
				3214	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				3215	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				3216	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				3217	</tr>
				3218	</table>
				3219
				3220	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
				3221	</dd>
				3222
				3223	<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
				3224	<dd>
				3225	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				3226
				3227	<div style="text-align: center">
				3228	-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3229	</div>
				3230
				3231	<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				3232
				3233	<div style="text-align: center">
				3234	<em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2π (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360)) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3235	</div>
				3236
				3237	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				3238
				3239	<p class="crtsnip">
				3240	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				3241	</p>
				3242
				3243	<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
				3244
				3245	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				3246
				3247	<table class="doc">
				3248	<tr>
				3249	<td>-evaluate Sin <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3250	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,0 </td>
				3251	</tr>
				3252	<tr>
				3253	<td>-evaluate Cos <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3254	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,90 </td>
				3255	</tr>
				3256	</table>
				3257	</dd>
				3258
				3259	<dt><kbd>ArcSin</kbd></dt>
				3260	<dd>
				3261	<p>The <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				3262	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				3263	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
				3264	of values.
				3265
				3266	<div style="text-align: center">
				3267	-function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3268	</div>
				3269
				3270	<p>with all values given in terms of noramlize color values (0.0 for black,
				3271	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				3272	for bout input (<em class="arg">width</em>), and output (<em
				3273	class="arg">width</em>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				3274
				3275	<div style="text-align: center">
				3276	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * asin( 2/<em class="arg">width</em> * ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3277	</div>
				3278
				3279	</dd>
				3280
				3281	<dt><kbd>ArcTan</kbd></dt>
				3282	<dd>
				3283	<p>The <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				3284	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
				3285	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.
				3286
				3287	<div style="text-align: center">
				3288	-function <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3289	</div>
				3290
				3291	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				3292	</p>
				3293
				3294	<div style="text-align: center">
				3295	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * atan( <em class="arg">slope</em>π ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3296	</div>
				3297
				3298	</dd>
				3299
				3300	</dl>
				3301
				3302
				3303	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3304	<h4><a name="fuzz" id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="arg">distance</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				3305	</div>
				3306
				3307	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3308
				3309	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
				3310
				3311	<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				3312
				3313
				3314	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3315	<h4><a name="fx" id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="arg">expression</em></h4>
				3316	</div>
				3317
				3318	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3319
				3320	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
				3321
				3322	<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
				3323
				3324
				3325	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3326	<h4><a name="gamma" id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3327	</div>
				3328
				3329	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3330
				3331	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				3332
				3333	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				3334
				3335	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
				3336
				3337	<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
				3338
				3339	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				3340
				3341	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3342	<h4><a name="gaussian-blur" id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
				3343	</div>
				3344
				3345	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3346
				3347	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
				3348
				3349	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				3350	</div>
				3351
				3352	<p>where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. Specify a radius of 0 and ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
				3353
				3354	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
				3355	full 2-dimentional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				3356	neighbouring pixels. </p>
				3357
				3358	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				3359	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				3360	</p>
				3361
				3362
				3363	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3364	<h4><a name="geometry" id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3365	</div>
				3366
				3367	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3368
				3369	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3370
				3371	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3372	<h4><a name="gravity" id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3373	</div>
				3374
				3375	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3376
				3377	<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
				3378	<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
				3379	<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
				3380	list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
				3381	installation.</p>
				3382
				3383	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3384
				3385	<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
				3386
				3387	<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				3388
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3389	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3390	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
				3391
				3392	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
				3393
				3394
				3395	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3396	<h4><a name="green-primary" id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				3397	</div>
				3398
				3399	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>green chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3400
				3401
				3402	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3403	<h4><a name="hald-clut" id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h4>
				3404	</div>
				3405
				3406	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3407
				3408	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				3409	dimensions. Create it with the <kbd>HALD:</kbd> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				3410	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				3411	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				3412
				3413	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
				3414	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				3415	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				3416	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				3417
				3418	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				3419	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
				3420	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				3421	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
				3422	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				3423
				3424	<p>See also <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
				3425	of the individual color channels, usally involving a simplier gray-scale
				3426	image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
				3427	mapping. </p>
				3428
				3429
				3430	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3431	<h4><a name="help" id="help"></a>-help</h4>
				3432	</div>
				3433
				3434	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print usage instructions.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3435
				3436	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3437	<h4><a name="highlight-color" id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3438	</div>
				3439
				3440	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3441
				3442	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3443	<h4><a name="iconGeometry" id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3444	</div>
				3445
				3446	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3447
				3448	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
				3449
				3450	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3451
				3452	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3453	<h4><a name="iconic" id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
				3454	</div>
				3455
				3456	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3457
				3458	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3459	<h4><a name="identify" id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
				3460	</div>
				3461
				3462	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3463
				3464	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
				3465
				3466	<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="/www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
				3467
				3468	<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> preceds this option, copious
				3469	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				3470	image histogram, and others.</p>
				3471
				3472	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3473	<h4><a name="ift" id="ift"></a>-ift</h4>
				3474	</div>
				3475
				3476	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3477
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3478	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform" target="_blank">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT" target="_blank">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT" target="_blank">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3479
				3480	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the <a href="#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				3481
				3482	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3483	<p>or</p>
				3484
				3485	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3486
				3487	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding will be at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.
				3488
				3489	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/" target="_blank">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.
				3490
				3491	<p>Use <a href="#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal (spatial) domain.
				3492
				3493	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3494	<h4><a name="immutable" id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
				3495	</div>
				3496
				3497	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make image immutable.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3498
				3499	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3500	<h4><a name="implode" id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				3501	</div>
				3502
				3503	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implode image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3504
				3505	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3506	<h4><a name="insert" id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
				3507	</div>
				3508
				3509	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3510
				3511	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				3512
				3513	<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				3514
				3515	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3516	<h4><a name="intent" id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3517	</div>
				3518
				3519	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3520
				3521	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
				3522
				3523	<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
				3524
				3525	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				3526
				3527	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3528	<h4><a name="interlace" id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3529	</div>
				3530
				3531	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the type of interlacing scheme.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3532
				3533	<p>Choose from:</p>
				3534
				3535	<pre class="text">
				3536	none
				3537	line
				3538	plane
				3539	partition
				3540	JPEG
				3541	GIF
				3542	PNG
				3543	</pre>
				3544
				3545	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
				3546
				3547	<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				3548
				3549	<p><kbd>Line</kbd> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				3550
				3551	<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				3552
				3553	<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,
				3554	image.G, and image.B).</p>
				3555
				3556	<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
				3557	image.</p>
				3558
				3559	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
				3560
				3561	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3562	<h4><a name="interpolate" id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3563	</div>
				3564
				3565	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3566
				3567	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-interger floating point
				3568	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				3569	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				3570	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				3571	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				3572
				3573	<pre class="text">
				3574	integer: The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
				3575	nearest-neighbor: The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
				3576	average: The average color of the surrounding four pixels
				3577	bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
				3578	mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
				3579	bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
				3580	spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
				3581	filter Use resize <a href="#filter">-filter</a> settings
				3582	</pre>
				3583
				3584	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				3585	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
				3586	>-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
				3587
				3588	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				3589
				3590	<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
				3591	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				3592
				3593
				3594	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	f3bb478	2009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3595	<h4><a name="interline-spacing" id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3596	</div>
				3597
				3598	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two text lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3599
				3600	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3601	<h4><a name="interword-spacing" id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3602	</div>
				3603
				3604	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two words.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3605
				3606	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3607	<h4><a name="kerning" id="kerning"></a>-kerning <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3608	</div>
				3609
				3610	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two letters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3611
				3612	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3613	<h4><a name="label" id="label"></a>-label <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				3614	</div>
				3615
				3616	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3617
				3618	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG, MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
				3619
				3620	<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript image. </p>
				3621
				3622	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="#format">-format</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
				3623
				3624	<p>For example,</p>
				3625
				3626	<p class="crtsnip">
				3627	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				3628	</p>
				3629
				3630	<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the "<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
				3631
				3632	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
				3633
				3634	<p>The label font can be specified with <a href="#font">-font</a>, and the
				3635	other font attribute settings.</p>
				3636
				3637	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				3638
				3639
				3640	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3641	<h4><a name="lat" id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="arg">width</em><br />-lat <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">offset</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				3642	</div>
				3643
				3644	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform local adaptive threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3645
				3646	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				3647	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				3648	the optional <kbd>offset</kbd>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				3649	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				3650	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				3651	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				3652
				3653	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				3654	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				3655	the local background color, from which to separate the forground color. </p>
				3656
				3657
				3658	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3659	<h4><a name="layers" id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				3660	</div>
				3661
				3662	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3663
				3664	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				3665	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				3666	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				3667
				3668	<table class="doc">
				3669	<tbody>
				3670	<tr valign="top">
				3671	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				3672	<th align="left">Description</th>
				3673	</tr>
				3674
				3675	<tr valign="top">
				3676	<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
				3677	<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
				3678	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				3679	href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
				3680	</tr>
				3681
				3682	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
				3683	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
				3684	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				3685	'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
				3686	</tr>
				3687
				3688	<tr valign="top">
				3689	<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
				3690	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
				3691	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				3692	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				3693	</tr>
				3694
				3695	<tr valign="top">
				3696	<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
				3697	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
				3698	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				3699	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				3700	</tr>
				3701
				3702	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
				3703	composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
				3704	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				3705	</tr>
				3706
				3707	<tr valign="top">
				3708	<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
				3709	<td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
				3710	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
				3711	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				3712	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				3713	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				3714	</tr>
				3715
				3716	<tr valign="top">
				3717	<td valign="top">composite</td>
				3718	<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				3719	"<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				3720	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				3721	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				3722	image lists are removed. </td>
				3723	</tr>
				3724
				3725
				3726	<tr><td></td><td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according to
				3727	<a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual canvas
				3728	size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
				3729	href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
				3730	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td>
				3731	</tr>
				3732
				3733	<tr><td></td><td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
				3734	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				3735	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				3736	preserved. </td>
				3737	</tr>
				3738
				3739
				3740	<tr valign="top">
				3741	<td valign="top">dispose</td>
				3742	<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
				3743	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				3744	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
				3745	results from the application of the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3746	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
				3747	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				3748	</td>
				3749	</tr>
				3750
				3751	<tr valign="top">
				3752	<td valign="top">flatten</td>
				3753	<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
				3754	canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
				3755	and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
				3756	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				3757	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				3758	</tr>
				3759
				3760	<tr><td></td><td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
				3761	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				3762	</tr>
				3763
				3764	<tr><td></td><td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
				3765	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
				3766	transparency from an image.</td>
				3767	</tr>
				3768
				3769
				3770	<tr valign="top">
				3771	<td valign="top">merge</td>
				3772	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				3773	layers into a new layer image just large enough to hold all the image
				3774	without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset will
				3775	prevere the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				3776	negative. the virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				3777	</td>
				3778	</tr>
				3779
				3780	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
				3781	as few image file formats handle them correctly. </td>
				3782	</tr>
				3783
				3784	<tr valign="top">
				3785	<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
				3786	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				3787	of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
				3788	virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by defination, image layers
				3789	with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
				3790	edges.</td>
				3791	</tr>
				3792
				3793	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
				3794	offset but without knowning the final canvas size. The resulting image
				3795	will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
				3796	any image file format. </td>
				3797	</tr>
				3798
				3799
				3800	<tr valign="top">
				3801	<td valign="top">optimize</td>
				3802	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				3803	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				3804	apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
				3805	'<kbd>optimize-transparency</kbd>' methods but may be expanded to
				3806	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				3807	</tr>
				3808
				3809	<tr valign="top">
				3810	<td valign="top">optimize-frame</td>
				3811	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				3812	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				3813	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				3814	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				3815	</tr>
				3816
				3817	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found. But
				3818	then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				3819	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				3820	optimizers seen. </td>
				3821	</tr>
				3822
				3823	<tr valign="top">
				3824	<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
				3825	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
				3826	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				3827	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				3828	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				3829	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				3830	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				3831	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				3832	'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
				3833	</tr>
				3834
				3835	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
				3836	result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
				3837	is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
				3838	the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
				3839	however you can get a vast improvment in the final animation size. </td>
				3840	</tr>
				3841
				3842	<tr valign="top">
				3843	<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
				3844	<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				3845	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
				3846	animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
				3847	</td>
				3848	</tr>
				3849
				3850	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
				3851	into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one (transparent)
				3852	color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating the current
				3853	disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				3854	</tr>
				3855
				3856	<tr valign="top">
				3857	<td valign="top">remove-dups</td>
				3858	<td valign="top">Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				3859	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				3860	</td>
				3861	</tr>
				3862
				3863	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay across the
				3864	whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into smaller
				3865	sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been used as
				3866	part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				3867	</tr>
				3868
				3869	<tr valign="top">
				3870	<td valign="top">remove-zero</td>
				3871	<td valign="top">Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				3872	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				3873	warning is then issued). </td>
				3874	</tr>
				3875
				3876	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
				3877	partial intermediary updates between the frames that are actually
				3878	displayed to users. These frames are usally added for improved frame
				3879	optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				3880	</tr>
				3881
				3882	<tr valign="top">
				3883	<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
				3884	<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				3885	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				3886	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified, only
				3887	there virtual canvas size and offset. The all the image is given
				3888	the same canvas size, and and will have a positive offset, but will
				3889	remain in the same position relative to each other. As a result of the
				3890	minimal canvas size at least one image will touch every edge of that
				3891	canvas. The image data however may be transparent.
				3892	</td>
				3893	</tr>
				3894
				3895	</tbody>
				3896	</table>
				3897
				3898	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				3899
				3900	<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
				3901	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
				3902	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods. Also see <a
				3903	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#repage" >-repage</a> operators, the <a
				3904	href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3905	>-dispose</a> and <a href="#delay" >-delay</a> settings. </p>
				3906
				3907
				3908	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3909	<h4><a name="level" id="level"></a>-level <em class="arg">black_point</em>{,<em class="arg">white_point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}{,<em class="arg">gamma</em>}</h4>
				3910	</div>
				3911
				3912	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3913
				3914	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				3915	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				3916	white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
				3917	point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
				3918	contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
				3919	both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
				3920	will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
				3921	omitted, the default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				3922
				3923	<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
				3924	the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to
				3925	zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to
				3926	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
				3927	to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
				3928	adjusted. </p>
				3929
				3930	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
				3931	adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
				3932	operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
				3933	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, is
				3934	adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
				3935	the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
				3936
				3937	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				3938	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				3939	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				3940
				3941	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				3942	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				3943
				3944
				3945	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3946	<h4><a name="level-colors" id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<em
				3947	class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
				3948	</div>
				3949
				3950	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash seperated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3951
				3952	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
				3953	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				3954	'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
				3955	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				3956
				3957	<p>This effectivally means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
				3958	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectivally, with all the other
				3959	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
				3960	adjusted separatally using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
				3961
				3962	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
				3963	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
				3964	respectivally, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
				3965	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
				3966	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				3967
				3968	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				3969	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
				3970	respectivally. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
				3971	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				3972	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				3973	color (+ form). </p>
				3974
				3975
				3976	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3977	<h4><a name="limit" id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="arg">type value</em></h4>
				3978	</div>
				3979
				3980	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3981
				3982	<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
				3983
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3984	<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3985
				3986	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3987	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3988	</p>
				3989
				3990	<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				3991
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3992	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'><pre>File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
				3993	------------------------------------------------------------------------------
				3994	768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited</pre>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3995	</span></p>
				3996	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				3997
				3998	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
				3999
				4000	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
				4001
				4002	<p class="crtsnip">
				4003	-limit area 10mb
				4004	</p>
				4005
				4006	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertedly upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
				4007
				4008	<p class="crtsnip">
				4009	-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
				4010	</p>
				4011
				4012	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				4013
				4014	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				4015
				4016	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
				4017	</p>
				4018
				4019	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
				4020	</p>
				4021
				4022	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4023	<h4><a name="linear-stretch" id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				4024	</div>
				4025
				4026	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4027
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4028	<p>This is very similar to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
				4029	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
				4030	be stretched. However it then stretchs those colors using the <a
				4031	href="#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
				4032
				4033	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				4034	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				4035	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				4036
				4037	<p>note however that a <a href="#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
				4038	'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
				4039	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				4040
				4041	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				4042	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				4043
				4044	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				4045
				4046
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4047	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4048	<h4><a name="linewidth" id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h4>
				4049	</div>
				4050
				4051	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4052
				4053	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4054	<h4><a name="liquid-rescale" id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4055	</div>
				4056
				4057	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4058
				4059	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4060
				4061	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4062	<h4><a name="list" id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4063	</div>
				4064
				4065	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4066
				4067	<pre class="text">
cristy	c1aee83	2010-05-08 00:36:47 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4068	Align
				4069	Alpha
				4070	Boolean
				4071	Channel
				4072	Class
				4073	ClipPath
				4074	Coder
				4075	Color
				4076	Colorspace
				4077	Command
				4078	Compose
				4079	Compress
				4080	Configure
				4081	DataType
				4082	Debug
				4083	Decoration
				4084	Delegate
				4085	Direction
				4086	Dispose
				4087	Distort
				4088	Dither
				4089	Endian
				4090	Evaluate
				4091	FillRule
				4092	Filter
				4093	Font
				4094	Format
				4095	Function
				4096	Gravity
				4097	ImageList
				4098	Intent
				4099	Interlace
				4100	Interpolate
				4101	Kernel
cristy	787d435	2010-03-06 13:55:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4102	Layers
				4103	LineCap
				4104	LineJoin
				4105	List
				4106	Locale
				4107	LogEvent
				4108	Log
				4109	Magic
				4110	Method
				4111	Metric
				4112	Mime
				4113	Mode
				4114	Morphology
				4115	Module
				4116	Noise
				4117	Orientation
				4118	Policy
				4119	PolicyDomain
				4120	PolicyRights
				4121	Preview
				4122	Primitive
				4123	QuantumFormat
				4124	Resource
				4125	SparseColor
				4126	Storage
				4127	Stretch
				4128	Style
				4129	Threshold
				4130	Type
				4131	Units
				4132	Validate
				4133	VirtualPixel
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4134	</pre>
				4135
cristy	787d435	2010-03-06 13:55:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4136	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4137
				4138	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
				4139	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4140	<h4><a name="log" id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				4141	</div>
				4142
				4143	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4144
				4145	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
				4146
				4147	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format characters:</p>
				4148
				4149	<pre class="text">
				4150	%d domain
				4151	%e event
				4152	%f function
				4153	%l line
				4154	%m module
				4155	%p process ID
				4156	%r real CPU time
				4157	%t wall clock time
				4158	%u user CPU time
				4159	%% percent sign
				4160	\n newline
				4161	\r carriage return
				4162	</pre>
				4163
				4164	<p>For example:</p>
				4165
				4166	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
				4167	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				4168
				4169	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4170	<h4><a name="loop" id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
				4171	</div>
				4172
				4173	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4174
				4175	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times, otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em> times.</p>
				4176
				4177	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4178	<h4><a name="lowlight-color" id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4179	</div>
				4180
				4181	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4182
				4183	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4184	<h4><a name="magnify" id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				4185	</div>
				4186
				4187	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4188
				4189
				4190	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4191	<h4><a name="map" id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4192	</div>
				4193
				4194	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4195
				4196	<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
				4197
				4198	<pre class="text">
				4199	best
				4200	default
				4201	gray
				4202	red
				4203	green
				4204	blue
				4205	</pre>
				4206
				4207	<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in <kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
				4208
				4209
				4210	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4211	<h4><a name="map_stream_" id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
				4212	</div>
				4213
				4214	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4215
				4216	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				4217
				4218	<pre class="text">
				4219	r red pixel component
				4220	g green pixel component
				4221	b blue pixel component
				4222	a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
				4223	o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
				4224	i grayscale intensity pixel component
				4225	c cyan pixel component
				4226	m magenta pixel component
				4227	y yellow pixel component
				4228	k black pixel component
				4229	p pad component (always 0)
				4230	</pre>
				4231
				4232	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g. bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				4233
				4234	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4235	<h4><a name="mask" id="mask"></a>-mask
				4236	<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4237	</div>
				4238
				4239	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4240
				4241	<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the image mask.</p>
				4242
				4243	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4244	<h4><a name="mattecolor" id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4245	</div>
				4246
				4247	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4248
				4249	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				4250
				4251	<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				4252
				4253	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4254	<h4><a name="maximum" id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h4>
				4255	</div>
				4256
				4257	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4258
				4259	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4260	<h4><a name="median" id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				4261	</div>
				4262
				4263	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4264
				4265	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4266	<h4><a name="metric" id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4267	</div>
				4268
				4269	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <em class="arg">type</em> given metric.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4270
				4271	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4272
				4273	<pre class="text">
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4274	AE absolute number of different pixels
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4275	MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
				4276	MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
				4277	MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
				4278	PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
				4279	PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
				4280	RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
				4281	</pre>
				4282
				4283	<p>The '<kbd>AE</kbd>' or absolute count of pixels that are different, can be
				4284	controled using a <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor to ignore pixels which
				4285	only changed by a small amount. The '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' can be used to find the
				4286	size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
				4287	'similar'. </p>
				4288
				4289	<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
				4290	('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
				4291	normalized) from the single comparision run. </p>
				4292
				4293	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list metrics</a> option.</p>
				4294
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4295	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4296	<h4><a name="minimum" id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h4>
				4297	</div>
				4298
				4299	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4300
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4301
				4302	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4303	<h4><a name="mode" id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4304	</div>
				4305
				4306	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4307
				4308	<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame, Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
				4309
				4310	<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>'
				4311	argument for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available
				4312	in your ImageMagick installation.</p>
				4313
				4314
				4315	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4316	<h4><a name="modulate" id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
				4317	</div>
				4318
				4319	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4320
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4321	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				4322	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4323
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4324	<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall
				4325	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				4326	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image
				4327	before and after. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4328
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4329	<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an
				4330	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				4331	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4332
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4333	<p>The <em class="arg">hue</em> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				4334	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				4335	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				4336	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				4337	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				4338	the original image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4339
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4340	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
				4341	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				4342	href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4343
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4344	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
				4345	class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
				4346	modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
				4347	<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4348
				4349	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4350
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4351	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4352	<h4><a name="monitor" id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
				4353	</div>
				4354
				4355	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>monitor progress.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4356
				4357
				4358	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4359	<h4><a name="monochrome" id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h4>
				4360	</div>
				4361
				4362	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4363
				4364
				4365	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4366	<h4><a name="morph" id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
				4367	</div>
				4368
				4369	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4370
				4371	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				4372	appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
				4373	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				4374	href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
				4375	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				4376
				4377
				4378	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4379	<h4><a name="morphology" id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h4>
				4380	<h4><a name="morphology" id="morphology"></a>-morphology <em class="arg">method</em> <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
				4381	</div>
				4382
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4383	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4384
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4385	Until I get around to writing a option summary for this, see <A
				4386	HREF="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
				4387	Morphology</A>. </P>
				4388
				4389
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4390	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4391	<h4><a name="mosaic" id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
				4392	</div>
				4393
				4394	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4395
				4396
				4397	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4398	<h4><a name="motion-blur" id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4399	</div>
				4400
				4401	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4402
				4403	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				4404	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				4405	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				4406
				4407	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
				4408	definate sense of direction of movement. </p>
				4409
				4410	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4411	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4412	</p>
				4413
				4414	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4415	<h4><a name="name" id="name"></a>-name</h4>
				4416	</div>
				4417
				4418	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4419	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4420	<h4><a name="negate" id="negate"></a>-negate</h4>
				4421	</div>
				4422
cristy	b29bc03	2010-02-01 20:29:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4423	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4424
				4425	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				4426
				4427	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4428	<h4><a name="noise" id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">radius</em><br/>
				4429	+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4430	</div>
				4431
				4432	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4433
				4434	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				4435
				4436	<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
				4437
				4438	<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
				4439
				4440	<pre class="text">
				4441	Gaussian
				4442	Impulse
				4443	Laplacian
				4444	Multiplicative
				4445	Poisson
				4446	Random
				4447	Uniform
				4448	</pre>
				4449
				4450	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				4451
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4452	<p>Also see the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allos
				4453	the use of a controlling value to specify teh amount of noise that should be
				4454	added to an image. </p>
				4455
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4456
				4457	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4458	<h4><a name="normalize" id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h4>
				4459	</div>
				4460
				4461	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4462
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4463	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				4464	values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and
				4465	white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4466
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4467	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				4468	is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				4469	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				4470	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4471
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4472	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				4473	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
				4474	setting is in use. Specifing any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
				4475	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				4476
				4477	<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</A> for more details.
				4478	Also see <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4479	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4480
				4481	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4482
				4483
				4484	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4485	<h4><a name="ordered-dither" id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="arg">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="arg">level</em>...}</h4>
				4486	</div>
				4487
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4488	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em
				4489	class="arg">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				4490	given number of <em class="arg">levels</em> per color channel . </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4491
				4492	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				4493
				4494	<pre class="text">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4495	threshold
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4496	checks
				4497	o2x2
				4498	o3x3
				4499	o4x4
				4500	o8x8
				4501	h4x4a
				4502	h6x6a
				4503	h8x8a
				4504	h4x4o
				4505	h6x6o
				4506	h8x8o
				4507	h16x16o
				4508	</pre>
				4509
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4510	<p>The '<kbd>o</kbd>' maps are ordered diffused pixel threshold maps, while the
				4511	'<kbd>h</kbd>' maps are halftone threshold maps which are either 'a' angled, or
				4512	'o' orthogonal. The '<kbd>checks</kbd>' produce a 3 level checkerbord dither
				4513	pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> in a
				4514	personal or system "<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd>" XML file. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4515
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4516	<p>To print a complete list of threshold, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4517	threshold</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4518
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4519	<p>It is recommended that the <a href="#map" >+map</a> operator be used after
				4520	applying <a href="#ordered-dither" >-ordered-dither</a> to reduce the number of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4521	colors an animated image sequence, to less that 256 colors. This ensures that
				4522	a common or global color table is used when saving the result to a color
				4523	limited file format such as GIF. </p>
				4524
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4525	<p>Note that at this time the exact same threshold dithering map is used for
				4526	all color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for
				4527	different channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. (possible
				4528	future expansion) </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4529
				4530
				4531	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4532	<h4><a name="opaque" id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4533	</div>
				4534
				4535	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4536
cristy	c54f5d4	2009-11-27 21:36:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4537	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4538	described under the <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				4539	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				4540	given.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4541
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4542	<p>Use <a href="#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				4543	the target color. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4544
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4545	<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
				4546	as <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
				4547	transparency rather than the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				4548	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
				4549	channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
				4550	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				4551	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4552
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4553
				4554	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4555	<h4><a name="orient" id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="arg">image orientation</em></h4>
				4556	</div>
				4557
				4558	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4559
				4560	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				4561
				4562	<pre class="text">
				4563	bottom-left
				4564	bottom-right
				4565	left-bottom
				4566	left-top
				4567	right-bottom
				4568	right-top
				4569	top-left
				4570	top-right
				4571	undefined
				4572	</pre>
				4573
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4574	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4575	orientation</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4576
				4577
				4578	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4579	<h4><a name="page" id="page"></a>-page <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
				4580	-page <em class="arg">media</em>[<em class="arg">offset</em>][{<em class="arg">^!<></em>}]<br/>
				4581	+page
				4582	</h4>
				4583	</div>
				4584
				4585	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4586
				4587	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4588
				4589	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
				4590
				4591	<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				4592	<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				4593	<thead>
				4594	<tr valign="top">
				4595	<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
				4596	<th align="center"><em class="arg">width</em></th>
				4597	<th align="center"><em class="arg">height</em></th>
				4598	</tr>
				4599	</thead>
				4600	<tbody>
				4601	<tr><td align="left"> 11x17 </td> <td align="right"> 792</td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> </tr>
				4602	<tr><td align="left"> Ledger </td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4603	<tr><td align="left"> Legal </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 1008</td> </tr>
				4604	<tr><td align="left"> Letter </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4605	<tr><td align="left"> LetterSmall</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4606	<tr><td align="left"> ArchE </td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> <td align="right"> 3456</td> </tr>
				4607	<tr><td align="left"> ArchD </td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> </tr>
				4608	<tr><td align="left"> ArchC </td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> </tr>
				4609	<tr><td align="left"> ArchB </td> <td align="right"> 864</td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> </tr>
				4610	<tr><td align="left"> ArchA </td> <td align="right"> 648</td> <td align="right"> 864</td> </tr>
				4611	<tr><td align="left"> A0 </td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> <td align="right"> 3368</td> </tr>
				4612	<tr><td align="left"> A1 </td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> </tr>
				4613	<tr><td align="left"> A2 </td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> </tr>
				4614	<tr><td align="left"> A3 </td> <td align="right"> 842</td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> </tr>
				4615	<tr><td align="left"> A4 </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4616	<tr><td align="left"> A4Small </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4617	<tr><td align="left"> A5 </td> <td align="right"> 421</td> <td align="right"> 595</td> </tr>
				4618	<tr><td align="left"> A6 </td> <td align="right"> 297</td> <td align="right"> 421</td> </tr>
				4619	<tr><td align="left"> A7 </td> <td align="right"> 210</td> <td align="right"> 297</td> </tr>
				4620	<tr><td align="left"> A8 </td> <td align="right"> 148</td> <td align="right"> 210</td> </tr>
				4621	<tr><td align="left"> A9 </td> <td align="right"> 105</td> <td align="right"> 148</td> </tr>
				4622	<tr><td align="left"> A10 </td> <td align="right"> 74</td> <td align="right"> 105</td> </tr>
				4623	<tr><td align="left"> B0 </td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> <td align="right"> 4008</td> </tr>
				4624	<tr><td align="left"> B1 </td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> </tr>
				4625	<tr><td align="left"> B2 </td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> </tr>
				4626	<tr><td align="left"> B3 </td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> </tr>
				4627	<tr><td align="left"> B4 </td> <td align="right"> 709</td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> </tr>
				4628	<tr><td align="left"> B5 </td> <td align="right"> 501</td> <td align="right"> 709</td> </tr>
				4629	<tr><td align="left"> C0 </td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> <td align="right"> 3677</td> </tr>
				4630	<tr><td align="left"> C1 </td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> </tr>
				4631	<tr><td align="left"> C2 </td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> </tr>
				4632	<tr><td align="left"> C3 </td> <td align="right"> 918</td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> </tr>
				4633	<tr><td align="left"> C4 </td> <td align="right"> 649</td> <td align="right"> 918</td> </tr>
				4634	<tr><td align="left"> C5 </td> <td align="right"> 459</td> <td align="right"> 649</td> </tr>
				4635	<tr><td align="left"> C6 </td> <td align="right"> 323</td> <td align="right"> 459</td> </tr>
				4636	<tr><td align="left"> Flsa </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4637	<tr><td align="left"> Flse </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4638	<tr><td align="left"> HalfLetter </td> <td align="right"> 396</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> </tr>
				4639	</tbody>
				4640	</table>
				4641
				4642
				4643
				4644
				4645	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
				4646
				4647	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
				4648
				4649	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				4650
				4651	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="#density">-density</a>.</p>
				4652
				4653	<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				4654
				4655	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4656	<h4><a name="paint" id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				4657	</div>
				4658
				4659	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4660
				4661	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
				4662
				4663	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4664	<h4><a name="path" id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
				4665
				4666	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write images to this path on disk.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4667
				4668	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4669	<h4><a name="pause_animate_" id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				4670	</div>
				4671
				4672	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4673
				4674	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				4675
				4676	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4677	<h4><a name="pause_import_" id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				4678	</div>
				4679
				4680	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4681
				4682	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				4683
				4684	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4685	<h4><a name="ping" id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
				4686	</div>
				4687
				4688	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>efficiently determine image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4689
				4690	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4691	<h4><a name="pointsize" id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4692	</div>
				4693
				4694	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4695
				4696	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4697	<h4><a name="polaroid" id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4698	</div>
				4699
				4700	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4701
				4702	<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				4703
				4704	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4705	<h4><a name="posterize" id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
				4706	</div>
				4707
				4708	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4709
				4710	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	d43a46b	2010-01-21 02:13:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4711	<h4><a name="precision" id="precision"></a>-precision <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4712	</div>
				4713
				4714	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4715
				4716	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4717	<h4><a name="preview" id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4718	</div>
				4719
				4720	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4721
				4722	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
				4723
				4724	<pre class="text">
				4725	Rotate
				4726	Shear
				4727	Roll
				4728	Hue
				4729	Saturation
				4730	Brightness
				4731	Gamma
				4732	Spiff
				4733	Dull
				4734	Grayscale
				4735	Quantize
				4736	Despeckle
				4737	ReduceNoise
				4738	Add Noise
				4739	Sharpen
				4740	Blur
				4741	Threshold
				4742	EdgeDetect
				4743	Spread
				4744	Shade
				4745	Raise
				4746	Segment
				4747	Solarize
				4748	Swirl
				4749	Implode
				4750	Wave
				4751	OilPaint
				4752	CharcoalDrawing
				4753	JPEG
				4754	</pre>
				4755
				4756	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				4757
				4758	<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
				4759
				4760	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4761	<h4><a name="print" id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				4762	</div>
				4763
				4764	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>interpret string and print to console.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4765
				4766	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4767	<h4><a name="process" id="process"></a>-process <em class="arg">command</em></h4>
				4768	</div>
				4769
				4770	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4771
				4772	<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
				4773
				4774	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4775	<h4><a name="profile" id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
				4776	+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></h4>
				4777	</div>
				4778
				4779	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4780
				4781	<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
				4782
				4783	<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
				4784
				4785	<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
				4786
				4787	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
				4788
				4789	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
				4790
				4791	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
				4792	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				4793
				4794	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
				4795	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
				4796	CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				4797	</p>
				4798
				4799	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4800	<h4><a name="quality" id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4801	</div>
				4802
				4803	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4804
				4805	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 0 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 85. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
				4806
				4807	<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4808
				4809	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 85 results in a request for 16:1 compression. The quality value 100 results in a request for non-lossy compression.</p>
				4810
				4811	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). Compression levels range from 0 (fastest compression) to 100 (best but slowest). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression.</p>
				4812
				4813	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:</p>
				4814
				4815	<pre class="text">
				4816	0: none
				4817	1: sub
				4818	2: up
				4819	3: average
				4820	4: Paeth
				4821	</pre>
				4822
				4823	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.</p>
				4824
				4825	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
				4826
				4827	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
				4828
				4829	<p>The default is quality is 85, which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering. The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4830
				4831	<p>For further information, see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				4832
				4833	<p>When writing a JNG image with transparency, two quality values are required, one for the main image and one for the grayscale image that conveys the alpha channel. These are written as a single integer equal to the main image quality plus 1000 times the opacity quality. For example, if you want to use quality 85 for the main image and quality 90 to compress the opacity data, use <a href="#quality">-quality 90085</a>.</p>
				4834
				4835	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4836	<h4><a name="quantize" id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
				4837	</div>
				4838
				4839	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors in this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4840
				4841	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use the <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a> option.</p>
				4842
				4843
				4844	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4845	<h4><a name="quiet" id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h4>
				4846	</div>
				4847
				4848	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4849
				4850	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4851	<h4><a name="radial-blur" id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4852	</div>
				4853
				4854	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur around the center of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4855
				4856	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				4857	such actually mis-named. </p>
				4858
				4859	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4860	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4861	</p>
				4862
				4863
				4864	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4865	<h4><a name="raise" id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="arg">thickness</em></h4>
				4866	</div>
				4867
				4868	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4869
				4870	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
				4871	</p>
				4872
				4873	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
				4874
				4875	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4876	<h4><a name="random-threshold" id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
				4877	</div>
				4878
				4879	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a random threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4880
				4881	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4882	<h4><a name="red-primary" id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				4883	</div>
				4884
				4885	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the red chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4886
				4887	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4888	<h4><a name="regard-warnings" id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h4>
				4889	</div>
				4890
				4891	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4892
				4893	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4894	<h4><a name="remap" id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4895	</div>
				4896
				4897	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4898
				4899	<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				4900	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				4901	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				4902
				4903	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				4904	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				4905	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				4906	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				4907	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				4908
				4909	<p>Use <a href="#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				4910	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				4911	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				4912	reducing those images using <a href="#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				4913	limit, then <a href="#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				4914	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				4915
				4916	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				4917	href="#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
				4918	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
				4919	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				4920	href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
				4921	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				4922
				4923	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4924	<h4><a name="region" id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4925	</div>
				4926
				4927	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4928
				4929	<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				4930
				4931	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4932
				4933	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4934	<h4><a name="remote" id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
				4935	</div>
				4936
				4937	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform a remote operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4938
				4939	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				4940
				4941	<p>If you have more than one <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> application running simultaneously, use the <a href="#window"> window</a> option to specify which application to control.</p>
				4942
				4943	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4944	<h4><a name="render" id="render"></a>-render</h4>
				4945	</div>
				4946
				4947	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4948
				4949	<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				4950
				4951	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4952	<h4><a name="repage" id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4953	</div>
				4954
				4955	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4956
				4957	<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				4958	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				4959	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				4960
				4961	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4962
				4963	<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				4964	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				4965	animation sequences. </p>
				4966
				4967	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<kbd>0x0</kbd>' forces it to
				4968	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				4969	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				4970
				4971	<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				4972	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				4973
				4974	<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
				4975	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				4976
				4977
				4978	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4979	<h4><a name="resample" id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="arg">horizontal</em>x<em class="arg">vertical</em></h4>
				4980	</div>
				4981
				4982	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4983
				4984	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
				4985
				4986	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				4987
				4988	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4989	<h4><a name="resize" id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4990	</div>
				4991
				4992	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4993
				4994	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				4995
				4996	<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
				4997
cristy	1353896	2010-02-26 17:53:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4998	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				4999
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5000	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5001	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5002	<h4><a name="respect-parentheses" id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
				5003	</div>
				5004
				5005	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5006
				5007	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5008	<h4><a name="reverse" id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h4>
				5009	</div>
				5010
				5011	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5012
				5013
				5014	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5015	<h4><a name="roll" id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				5016	</div>
				5017
				5018	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5019
				5020	<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
				5021
				5022
				5023	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5024	<h4><a name="rotate" id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="arg">degrees</em>{<em class="arg"><</em>}{<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
				5025	</div>
				5026
				5027	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5028
				5029	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				5030
				5031	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				5032	filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
				5033
				5034	<p>See also the <a href="#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				5035	'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
				5036
				5037
				5038	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5039	<h4><a name="sample" id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5040	</div>
				5041
				5042	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale image using pixel sampling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5043
				5044	<p><a href="#sample">-sample</a> ignores the current <a href="#resize">-resize</a> <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. The results are equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd>, though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster. </p>
				5045
				5046	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				5047
				5048
				5049	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5050	<h4><a name="sampling-factor" id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
				5051	</div>
				5052
				5053	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5054
				5055	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
				5056
				5057	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5058	<h4><a name="scale" id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5059	</div>
				5060
				5061	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5062
				5063	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#scale">-scale</a> option uses a simpler, faster algorithm than <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, and it ignores the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting if one is present. Offsets, if present in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				5064
				5065	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5066	<h4><a name="scene" id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5067	</div>
				5068
				5069	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set scene number.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5070
				5071	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				5072
				5073	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5074	<h4><a name="screen" id="screen"></a>-screen</h4>
				5075	</div>
				5076
				5077	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5078
				5079	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				5080
				5081	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5082	<h4><a name="seed" id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
				5083	</div>
				5084
				5085	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5086
				5087	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5088	<h4><a name="segment" id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="arg">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="arg">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
				5089	</div>
				5090
				5091	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5092
				5093	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				5094
				5095	<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				5096
				5097	<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				5098	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				5099
				5100
				5101	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5102	<h4><a name="selective-blur" id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5103	</div>
				5104
				5105	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5106
				5107	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5108	<h4><a name="separate" id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
				5109	</div>
				5110
				5111	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5112
				5113	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5114	<h4><a name="sepia-tone" id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				5115	</div>
				5116
				5117	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5118
				5119	<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5120
				5121	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
				5122
				5123	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5124	<h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">attribute value</em></h4>
				5125	</div>
				5126
				5127	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set an image attribute for all images in the current image sequence, after they have been created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5128
				5129	<p>Attributes of interest include <a href="#comment">-comment</a>, <a href="#delay">-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a>, and <a href="#page">-page</a>. For example:</p>
				5130
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5131	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' \ <br/> rose.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5132	<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also set the
				5133	'<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of images already in memory, but allows you to
				5134	separately set the virtual canvas's size and offset components, and also allows
				5135	relative offset changes, and automatic canvas size re-calculating. The above
				5136	<a href="#set">-set</a> option is purely a direct, unmodified assignment of the
				5137	virtual canvas (page) meta-data. </p>
				5138
cristy	0391e8d	2010-04-10 01:36:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5139	<p>Use this option to associate a colorspace or profile with your image. For example,</p>
				5140	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5141	<p>Set image options by prefixing the value with <kbd>option:</kbd>. Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
				5142
				5143	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5144	<h4><a name="shade" id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
				5145	</div>
				5146
				5147	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5148
				5149	<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				5150
				5151	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5152	<h4><a name="shadow" id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5153	</div>
				5154
				5155	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an image shadow.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5156
				5157	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5158	<h4><a name="shared-memory"
				5159	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h4>
				5160	</div>
				5161
				5162	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5163
				5164	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
				5165
				5166	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5167	<h4><a name="sharpen" id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}</h4>
				5168	</div>
				5169
				5170	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5171
				5172	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				5173
				5174	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5175	<h4><a name="shave" id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5176	</div>
				5177
				5178	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5179
				5180	<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
				5181
				5182	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5183
				5184	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5185	<h4><a name="shear" id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
				5186	</div>
				5187
				5188	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5189
				5190	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
				5191
				5192	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
				5193
				5194	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5195
				5196	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				5197
				5198	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5199	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				5200
				5201	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5202	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5203	<h4><a name="sigmoidal" id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
				5204	</div>
				5205
				5206	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5207
				5208	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				5209
				5210	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5211	<h4><a name="silent" id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
				5212	</div>
				5213
				5214	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5215
				5216	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5217	<h4><a name="size" id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
				5218	</div>
				5219
				5220	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5221
				5222	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
				5223
				5224	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				5225
				5226	<pre class="text">
				5227	192x128
				5228	384x256
				5229	768x512
				5230	1536x1024
				5231	3072x2048
				5232	</pre>
				5233
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5234	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5235	<h4><a name="sketch" id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				5236	</div>
				5237
				5238	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5239
				5240	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5241
				5242	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5243	<h4><a name="snaps" id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5244	</div>
				5245
				5246	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5247
				5248	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				5249
				5250	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5251	<h4><a name="solarize" id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				5252	</div>
				5253
				5254	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5255
				5256	<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5257
				5258	<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				5259
				5260	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5261	<h4><a name="sparse-color" id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
				5262	class="arg">method</em> '<em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em> ...'</h4>
				5263	</div>
				5264
				5265	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5266
				5267
				5268	<table class="doc">
				5269	<tbody>
				5270	<tr valign="top">
				5271	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				5272	<th align="left">Description</th>
				5273	</tr>
				5274
				5275	<tr valign="top">
				5276	<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
				5277	<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				5278	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </td>
				5279	</tr>
				5280
				5281	<tr valign="top">
				5282	<td valign="top">shepards</td>
				5283	<td valign="top">Colors points basied on the ratio of inverse distance
				5284	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				5285	colors. </td>
				5286	</tr>
				5287
				5288	<tr valign="top">
				5289	<td valign="top">barycentric</td>
				5290	<td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				5291	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				5292	Gradient is however not restricted to just the triangle or line. </td>
				5293	</tr>
				5294
				5295	<tr valign="top">
				5296	<td valign="top">bilinear</td>
				5297	<td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				5298	fall back to barycentric. </td>
				5299	</tr>
				5300
				5301	</tbody>
				5302	</table>
				5303
				5304	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
				5305	canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
				5306	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				5307	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				5308	</p>
				5309
				5310	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
				5311	modified, whcih means the matte/alpha transparency channel is not effected by
				5312	default. If enabled, the image also needs a the matte/alpha channel to be
				5313	enabled for this operator to effect an images transparency. This is typical
				5314	transparency handling for images. </p>
				5315
				5316	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				5317	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				5318	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor a image to some
				5319	default value. </p>
				5320
				5321
				5322	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5323	<h4><a name="splice" id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5324	</div>
				5325
				5326	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5327
				5328	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="#background">-background</a> to reset the background color.</p>
				5329
				5330	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5331	<h4><a name="spread" id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
				5332	</div>
				5333
				5334	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5335
				5336	<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
				5337
				5338	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5339	<h4><a name="stegano" id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
				5340	</div>
				5341
				5342	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5343
				5344	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				5345
				5346	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5347	<h4><a name="stereo" id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
				5348	</div>
				5349
				5350	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5351
				5352	<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				5353
				5354	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5355	<h4><a name="storage-type" id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5356	</div>
				5357
				5358	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5359
				5360	<pre class="text">
				5361	char store pixels as unsigned characters
				5362	double store pixels as doubles
				5363	float store pixels as floats
				5364	integer store pixels as integers
				5365	long store pixels as longs
				5366	quantum store pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
				5367	short store pixels as unsigned shorts
				5368	</pre>
				5369
				5370	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				5371	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				5372
				5373	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5374	<h4><a name="stretch" id="stretch"></a>-stretch <em class="arg">fontStretch</em></h4>
				5375	</div>
				5376
				5377	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5378
				5379	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
				5380
				5381	<pre class="text">
				5382	Any
				5383	Condensed
				5384	Expanded
				5385	ExtraCondensed
				5386	ExtraExpanded
				5387	Normal
				5388	SemiCondensed
				5389	SemiExpanded
				5390	UltraCondensed
				5391	UltraExpanded
				5392	</pre>
				5393
				5394	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
				5395
				5396	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5397
				5398	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5399	<h4><a name="strip" id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
				5400	</div>
				5401
				5402	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5403
				5404	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5405	<h4><a name="stroke" id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5406	</div>
				5407
				5408	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5409
				5410	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5411
				5412	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5413
				5414	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5415	<h4><a name="strokewidth" id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5416	</div>
				5417
				5418	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5419
				5420	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5421
				5422	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5423	<h4><a name="style" id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
				5424	</div>
				5425
				5426	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5427
				5428	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from the following.</p>
				5429
				5430	<pre class="text">
				5431	Any
				5432	Italic
				5433	Normal
				5434	Oblique
				5435	</pre>
				5436
				5437	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5438
				5439	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5440	<h4><a name="swap" id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
				5441	</div>
				5442
				5443	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5444
				5445	<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch the last two images in the sequence.</p>
				5446
				5447	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5448	<h4><a name="swirl" id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
				5449	</div>
				5450
				5451	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>swirl image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5452
				5453	<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				5454
				5455	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5456	<h4><a name="taint" id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
				5457	</div>
				5458
				5459	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified even if it isn't.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5460
				5461	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5462	<h4><a name="text-font" id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				5463	</div>
				5464
				5465	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5466
				5467	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
				5468
				5469	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
				5470
				5471	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5472	<h4><a name="texture" id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5473	</div>
				5474
				5475	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5476
				5477	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5478	<h4><a name="threshold" id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5479	</div>
				5480
				5481	<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
				5482	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				5483	-->
				5484
				5485	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5486
				5487	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				5488
				5489	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
				5490	</p>
				5491
				5492	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
				5493
				5494	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
				5495	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
				5496
				5497
				5498	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
				5499	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5500	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5501
				5502	<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
				5503	</p>
				5504
				5505	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5506	<h4><a name="thumbnail" id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5507	</div>
				5508
				5509	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5510
				5511	<p>This is similar to <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a href="#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
				5512
				5513	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5514
				5515	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5516	<h4><a name="tile" id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5517	</div>
				5518
				5519	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5520
				5521	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5522	<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5523	</div>
				5524
				5525	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5526
				5527	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5528
				5529	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5530	<h4>-tile</h4>
				5531	</div>
				5532
				5533	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5534
				5535	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5536	<h4><a name="tile-offset" id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				5537	</div>
				5538
				5539	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5540
				5541	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
				5542
				5543	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				5544
				5545	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5546	<h4><a name="tint" id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5547	</div>
				5548
				5549	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Tint the image with the fill color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5550
				5551	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				5552
				5553	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
				5554
				5555	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5556	<h4><a name="title" id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				5557	</div>
				5558
				5559	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5560
				5561	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				5562
				5563	<p>For example,</p>
				5564
				5565	<p class="crtsnip">
				5566	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				5567	</p>
				5568
				5569	<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				5570
				5571
				5572	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5573	<h4><a name="transform" id="transform"></a>-transform</h4>
				5574	</div>
				5575
				5576	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5577
				5578	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				5579
				5580	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5581
				5582	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				5583	href="#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
				5584
				5585
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5586	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5587	<h4><a name="transparent" id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5588	</div>
				5589
				5590	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5591
				5592	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
				5593	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				5594	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				5595	given. </p>
				5596
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5597	<p>Use <a href="#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
				5598	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				5599
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5600	<p>The <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5601	href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
				5602	current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
				5603	However the <a href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				5604	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha"
				5605	>-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				5606	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5607
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5608	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
				5609	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				5610	href="#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5611
				5612
				5613	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5614	<h4><a name="transparent-color" id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5615	</div>
				5616
				5617	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the transparent color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5618
				5619	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				5620	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				5621	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
				5622	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				5623	href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
				5624
				5625	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				5626	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				5627	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				5628	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				5629	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				5630	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				5631	type. </p>
				5632
				5633	<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				5634
				5635	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5636	<h4><a name="transpose" id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
				5637	</div>
				5638
				5639	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5640
				5641	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
				5642	</p>
				5643
				5644	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5645	<h4><a name="transverse" id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
				5646	</div>
				5647
				5648	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5649
				5650
				5651	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5652	<h4><a name="treedepth" id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5653	</div>
				5654
				5655	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5656
				5657	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				5658
				5659	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				5660
				5661	<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
				5662
				5663	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5664	<h4><a name="trim" id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
				5665	</div>
				5666
				5667	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5668
				5669	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				5670
				5671	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				5672	you to extract the result of the <a href="#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				5673	image. Use a <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				5674	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				5675
				5676	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				5677	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				5678	<a href="#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				5679
				5680
				5681	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5682	<h4><a name="type" id="type"></a>-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5683	</div>
				5684
				5685	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5686	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>, or <kbd>Optimize</kbd>.</p>
				5687
				5688	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				5689
				5690	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
				5691	<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
				5692
				5693	<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				5694
				5695	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5696	<h4><a name="undercolor" id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5697	</div>
				5698
				5699	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5700
				5701	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5702
				5703	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5704
				5705
				5706	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5707	<h4><a name="update" id="update"></a>-update <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				5708	</div>
				5709
				5710	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5711
				5712	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
				5713
				5714
				5715	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5716	<h4><a name="unique-colors" id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h4>
				5717	</div>
				5718
				5719	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5720
				5721
				5722	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5723	<h4><a name="units" id="units"></a>-units <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5724	</div>
				5725
				5726	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5727
				5728	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				5729
				5730
				5731	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5732	<h4><a name="unsharp" id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
				5733	</div>
				5734
				5735	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5736
				5737	<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				5738
				5739	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				5740
				5741	<pre class="text">
				5742	radius: The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
				5743	pixel (default 0).
				5744	sigma: The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
				5745	amount: The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
				5746	image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
				5747	threshold: The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
				5748	difference amount (default 0.05).
				5749	</pre>
				5750
				5751
				5752	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5753	<h4><a name="verbose" id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
				5754	</div>
				5755
				5756	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option preceds the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5757
				5758
				5759	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5760	<h4><a name="version" id="version"></a>-version</h4>
				5761	</div>
				5762
				5763	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5764
				5765
				5766	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5767	<h4><a name="view" id="view"></a>-view <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				5768	</div>
				5769
				5770	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>FlashPix viewing parameters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5771
				5772
				5773	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5774	<h4><a name="vignette" id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5775	</div>
				5776
				5777	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5778
				5779
				5780	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5781	<h4><a name="virtual-pixel" id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				5782	</div>
				5783
				5784	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5785
				5786	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				5787	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				5788	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				5789	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				5790
				5791	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				5792
				5793	<pre class="text">
				5794	background: the area surrounding the image is the background color
				5795	black: the area surrounding the image is black
				5796	checker-tile: alternate squares with image and background color
				5797	dither: non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
				5798	edge: extend the edge pixel toward infinity
				5799	gray: the area surrounding the image is gray
				5800	horizontal-tile: horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
				5801	horizontal-tile-edge: horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5802	mirror: mirror tile the image
				5803	random: choose a random pixel from the image
				5804	tile: tile the image (default)
				5805	transparent: the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
				5806	vertical-tile: vertically tile the image, sides are background color
				5807	vertical-tile-edge: vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5808	white: the area surrounding the image is white
				5809	</pre>
				5810
				5811	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				5812
				5813	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				5814	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
				5815	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
				5816	image proper, such as <a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				5817	href="#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
				5818
				5819	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a href="#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
				5820
				5821
				5822	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5823	<h4><a name="visual" id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5824	</div>
				5825
				5826	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5827
				5828	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				5829
				5830	<pre class="text">
				5831	StaticGray
				5832	GrayScale
				5833	StaticColor
				5834	PseudoColor
				5835	TrueColor
				5836	DirectColor
				5837	default
				5838	visual id
				5839	</pre>
				5840
				5841	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				5842
				5843
				5844	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5845	<h4><a name="watermark" id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em
				5846	class="arg">brightness</em>x<em class="arg">saturation</em></h4>
				5847	</div>
				5848
				5849	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and
				5850	saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5851
				5852	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				5853	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the <em
				5854	class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				5855	attribute is just direct modified by the <em class="arg">saturation</em>
				5856	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				5857
				5858
				5859	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5860	<h4><a name="wave" id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em>x<em class="arg">wavelength</em></h4>
				5861	</div>
				5862
				5863	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5864
				5865	<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
				5866
				5867	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5868	<h4><a name="weight" id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
				5869	</div>
				5870
				5871	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5872
				5873	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
				5874
				5875	<table class="doc">
				5876	<col width="25%" />
				5877	<col width="75%" />
				5878	<thead>
				5879	<tr>
				5880	<th><em class="arg">fontWeight</em></th>
				5881	<th>Description</th>
				5882	</tr>
				5883	</thead>
				5884	<tbody>
				5885	<tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
				5886	<tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
				5887	<tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
				5888	<tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
				5889	<tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
				5890	</tbody>
				5891	</table>
				5892
				5893	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				5894
				5895	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
				5896
				5897	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5898	<h4><a name="white-point" id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				5899	</div>
				5900
				5901	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>chromaticity white point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5902
				5903	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5904	<h4><a name="white-threshold" id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5905	</div>
				5906
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5907	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5908
				5909	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				5910	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5911
				5912	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5913	<h4><a name="window" id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
				5914	</div>
				5915
				5916	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5917
				5918	<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				5919
				5920	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
				5921
				5922	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a href="#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
				5923
				5924	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5925	<h4><a name="window-group" id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
				5926	</div>
				5927
				5928	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the window group.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5929
				5930	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5931	<h4><a name="write" id="write"></a>-write <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5932	</div>
				5933
				5934	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5935	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
				5936
				5937	<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
				5938
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5939
				5940	</div>
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				5945	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/discourse-server/">Discourse Server</a> •
cristy	85278ed	2010-05-31 15:10:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5946	<a href="http://studio.webbyland.com/ImageMagick/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5947	</span>
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				5952	<span id="footer-east"> <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact the Wizards</a></span>
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