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cristy	29dc865	2015-05-12 16:26:21 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5	<!DOCTYPE html>
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cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	9	<title>ImageMagick: Command-line Options</title>
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href="command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#storage-type">‑storage‑type</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#subimage-search">‑subimage‑search</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#synchronize">‑synchronize</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> • <a href="command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	56
				57	<p class="lead magick-description">Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a href="command-line-tools.html">command-line tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands: <a href="convert.html">convert</a> and <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.</p>
				58
				59	<div style="margin: auto;">
				60	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <var>radius</var>[x<var>sigma</var>]</h3>
				61	</div>
				62
				63	<p class="magick-description">Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</p>
				64
				65	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<var>sigma</var>) is used. If <var>sigma</var> is not given it
				66	defaults to 1.</p>
				67
				68	<div style="margin: auto;">
				69	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <var>geometry</var></h3>
				70	</div>
				71
				72	<p class="magick-description">Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</p>
				73
				74	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="command-line-options.html#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	75	option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a
				76	href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm.
				77	Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a
				78	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	79
				80	<div style="margin: auto;">
				81	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <var>radius</var>[x<var>sigma</var>]</h3>
				82	</div>
				83
				84	<p class="magick-description">Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</p>
				85
				86	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation
				87	(<var>sigma</var>) is used. If <var>sigma</var> is not given it
				88	defaults to 1.</p>
				89
				90	<div style="margin: auto;">
				91	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h3>
				92	</div>
				93
				94	<p class="magick-description">Join images into a single multi-image file.</p>
				95
				96	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all images of
				97	an image sequence into the given output file. However, some formats, such as
				98	JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one image per file, and in that case
				99	ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As such, if
				100	more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is modified by
				101	adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number before the suffix, in order to
				102	make distinct names for each image. </p>
				103
				104	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written to
				105	separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images per file
				106	(for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
				107
				108	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will
				109	automagically enable <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify
				110	where the <a href="command-line-options.html#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These
				111	strings, such as '<code>%d</code>' or '<code>%03d</code>', are familiar to those
				112	who have used the standard <code>printf()</code>' C-library function. As an
				113	example, the command</p>
				114
				115	<pre>
				116	convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg
				117	</pre>
				118
				119	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images (the two given plus 15 more created by
				120	<a href="command-line-options.html#morph">-morph</a>), named: my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg,
				121	my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg. </p>
				122
				123	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will
				124	save to multiple files, if any of the following conditions exist...</p>
				125	<ol>
				126	<li>the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,</li>
				127	<li>the <a href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or</li>
				128	<li>a printf() integer format string (eg: "%d") is present in the output
				129	filename.</li>
				130	</ol>
				131
				132
				133	<div style="margin: auto;">
				134	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="affine"></a>-affine
				135	<var>s<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>r<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>r<sub>y</sub></var>,<var>s<sub>y</sub></var>[,<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>t<sub>y</sub></var>]</h3>
				136	</div>
				137
				138	<p class="magick-description">Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</p>
				139
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	140	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, for use by subsequent <a
				141	href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a> options. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	142
				143	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values either in
				144	quotes or without spaces. </p>
				145
				146	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them
				147	are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed)
				148	coordinates (<var>x'</var>, <var>y'</var>) of a pixel at
				149	position (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) in the original
				150	image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				151
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	152	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	153
				154	<p> The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that
				155	contains the transformed source image. The parameters
				156	<var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var>
				157	subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the
				158	image area are cut off.</p>
				159
				160	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate
				161	system: positive <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> directions
				162	are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
				163
				164	<p> If the translation coefficients <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and
				165	<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are omitted they default to 0,0. Therefore,
				166	four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
				167
				168	<p>Scaling by the factors <var>s<sub>x</sub></var> and
				169	<var>s<sub>y</sub></var> in the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> directions,
				170	respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				171
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	172	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#transform">-transform</a>, and the <a
				173	href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> method '<code>Affineprojection</code> for more
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	174	information </p>
				175
				176
				177	<pre>
				178	-affine <var>s<sub>x</sub></var>,0,0,<var>s<sub>y</sub></var>
				179	</pre>
				180
				181	<p>Translation by a displacement (<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>, <var>t<sub>y</sub></var>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				182
				183	<pre>
				184	-affine 1,0,0,1,<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>,<var>t<sub>y</sub></var>
				185	</pre>
				186
				187	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle
				188	<var>a</var> by letting <var>c</var> = cos(<var>a</var>), <var>s</var>
				189	= sin(<var>a</var>), and using the following.</p>
				190
				191	<pre>
				192	-affine <var>c</var>,<var>s</var>,-<var>s</var>,<var>c</var>
				193	</pre>
				194
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	195	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a>
				196	transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="command-line-options.html#affine"
				197	>-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	198	of the individual transformations.</p>
				199
				200	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the
				201	matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				202
				203	<div style="margin: auto;">
				204	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="alpha"></a>-alpha <var>type</var></h3>
				205	</div>
				206
				207	<p class="magick-description">Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</p>
				208
				209	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				210	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <var>type</var> from the list below.</p>
				211
				212	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				213	<dt>Activate</dt>
				214	<dd>
				215	Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally Set
				216	should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
				217	preserve existing (but specifically turned Off) transparency
				218	channel. </dd>
				219
				220	<dt>Associate</dt>
				221	<dd>
				222	associate the alpha channel with the image.</dd>
				223
				224	<dt>Deactivate</dt>
				225	<dd>
				226	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
				227	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</dd>
				228
				229	<dt>Disassociate</dt>
				230	<dd>
				231	disassociate the alpha channel from the image.</dd>
				232
				233	<dt>Set</dt>
				234	<dd>
				235	Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
				236	then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
				237	the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</dd>
				238
				239	<dt>Opaque</dt>
				240	<dd>
				241	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
				242	</dd>
				243
				244	<dt>Transparent</dt>
				245	<dd>
				246	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
				247	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
				248	same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
				249	intact, but fully transparent. </dd>
				250
				251	<dt>Extract</dt>
				252	<dd>
				253	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
				254	'Off' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	255	a grayscale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	256	intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of 'Copy'.
				257	</dd>
				258
				259	<dt>Copy</dt>
				260	<dd>
				261	Turns 'On' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	262	grayscale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
				263	a grayscale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	264	appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </dd>
				265
				266	<dt>Shape</dt>
				267	<dd>
				268	As per 'Copy' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
				269	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				270	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
				271	</dd>
				272
				273	<dt>Remove</dt>
				274	<dd>
				275	Composite the image over the background color.
				276	</dd>
				277
				278	<dt>Background</dt>
				279	<dd>
				280	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				281	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				282	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				283	and thus can compress better.
				284	</dd>
				285	</dl>
				286
				287	<p>Note that while the obsolete <code>+matte</code> operation was the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	288	same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</code>", the <code>
				289	>-matte</code> operation was the same as "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a>
				290	Set</code>" and not "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</code>". </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	291
				292
				293	<div style="margin: auto;">
				294	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="annotate"></a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	295	-annotate <var>degrees</var> <var>text</var><br />
				296	-annotate <var>Xdegrees</var>x<var>Ydegrees</var> <var>text</var><br /> -annotate <var>Xdegrees</var>x<var>Ydegrees</var> {+-}<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>{+-}<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> <var>text</var><br /> -annotate {+-}<var>t<sub>x</sub></var>{+-}<var>t<sub>y</sub></var> <var>text</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	297	</div>
				298
				299	<p class="magick-description">Annotate an image with text</p>
				300
				301	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise
				302	control over text annotations, use <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				303
				304
				305	<p>The values <var>Xdegrees</var> and <var>Ydegrees</var>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	306	control the shears applied to the text, while <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are offsets that give the location of the text relative any <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> setting and defaults to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	307
				308	<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <var>degrees</var>
				309	or <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> <var>degrees</var>x<var>degrees</var> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The
				310	direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <var>degrees</var> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical
				311	convention once it is realized that the positive <var>y</var>–direction is
				312	conventionally considered to be <var>downward</var> for images.)</p>
				313
				314	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<var>x'</var>, <var>y'</var>) of a pixel at position (<var>x</var>, <var>y</var>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix
				315	equation.</p>
				316
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	317	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	318
				319	<p>If <var>t<sub>x</sub></var> and <var>t<sub>y</sub></var> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the
				320	bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	321	probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	322	case leads to nice results.</p>
				323
				324	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <var>text</var>
				325	is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file
				326	<code>mytext.txt</code>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded
				327	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				328
				329	<div style="margin: auto;">
				330	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h3>
				331	</div>
				332
				333	<p class="magick-description">Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when drawing fonts and lines.</p>
				334
				335	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				336	drawn. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				337	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				338	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
				339	are added when drawing such objects. </p>
				340
				341	<div style="margin: auto;">
				342	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="append"></a>-append</h3>
				343	</div>
				344
				345	<p class="magick-description">Join current images vertically or horizontally.</p>
				346
				347	<p>This option creates a single longer image, by joining all the current
				348	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#append">+append</a> to
				349	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				350
				351	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				352	current <a href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	353	position relative to each other can be controlled by the current <a
				354	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	355
				356
				357	<div style="margin: auto;">
				358	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <var>value</var></h3>
				359	</div>
				360
				361	<p class="magick-description">Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</p>
				362
				363	<p>If unset the value is equivalent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition</p>
				364
				365	<div style="margin: auto;">
				366	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <var>password</var></h3>
				367	</div>
				368
				369	<p class="magick-description">Decrypt a PDF with a password.</p>
				370
				371	<p>Use this option to supply a <var>password</var> for decrypting
				372	a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The
				373	encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				374
				375	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a>
				376	and <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				377
				378
				379	<div style="margin: auto;">
				380	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h3>
				381	</div>
				382
				383	<p class="magick-description">Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</p>
				384
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	385	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				386	href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	387	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				388
				389	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image becomes 50% gray. </p>
				390
				391	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				392	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
				393	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrams or cartoon like images.
				394	</p>
				395
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	396	<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	397	'<var>sync</var>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine which color
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	398	values is used and modified. As the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel"
				399	>-channel</a> setting is '<var>RGB,sync</var>', channels are modified
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	400	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				401
				402
				403
				404	<div style="margin: auto;">
				405	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h3>
				406	</div>
				407
				408	<p class="magick-description">Automagically adjust color levels of image.</p>
				409
				410	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	411	minimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
				412	href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	413	values. </p>
				414
				415	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
				416	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	417	for the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	418	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				419	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				420	defined images. </p>
				421
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	422	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				423	href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch"
				424	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				425	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level"
				426	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	427
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	428	<p>It uses the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	429	special '<var>sync</var>' flag for channel synchronization), to determine
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	430	which color values are used and modified. As the default <a
				431	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<var>RGB,sync</var>', the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	432	'<var>sync</var>' ensures that the color channels will are modified
				433	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				434	transparency. </p>
				435
				436
				437	<div style="margin: auto;">
				438	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h3>
				439	</div>
				440
				441	<p class="magick-description">adjusts an image so that its orientation is suitable for viewing (i.e. top-left orientation).</p>
				442
				443	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				444	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				445	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				446
				447	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				448	camera, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				449	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				450	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	451	result. If the EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				452	href="command-line-options.html#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	453
				454
				455	<div style="margin: auto;">
				456	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="average"></a>-average</h3>
				457	</div>
				458
				459	<p class="magick-description">Average a set of images.</p>
				460
				461	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				462
				463
				464	<div style="margin: auto;">
				465	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h3>
				466	</div>
				467
				468	<p class="magick-description">Display the image centered on a backdrop.</p>
				469
				470	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding
				471	other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is
				472	specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format
				473	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				474
				475	<div style="margin: auto;">
				476	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="background"></a>-background <var>color</var></h3>
				477	</div>
				478
				479	<p class="magick-description">Set the background color.</p>
				480
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	481	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a
				482	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	483	specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				484
				485	<div style="margin: auto;">
				486	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="bench"></a>-bench <var>iterations</var></h3>
				487	</div>
				488
				489	<p class="magick-description">Measure performance.</p>
				490
				491	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <var>iterations</var> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance,
				492	consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the
				493	-duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent
				494	to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
				495
				496	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	497	-> convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	498	Performance[4]: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710
				499	</pre>
				500
				501	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per
				502	second, using 4 threads and 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for
				503	a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
				504
				505	<div style="margin: auto;">
				506	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="bias"></a>-bias <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				507	</div>
				508
				509	<p class="magick-description">Add bias when convolving an image.</p>
				510
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	511	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	512	positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				513
				514	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing
				515	with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				516	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				517	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at
				518	zero.</p>
				519
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	520	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	521	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				522	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				523
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	524	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				525	href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more
				526	about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				527	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages or this
				528	<a
				529	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	530	entry. </p>
				531
				532	<div style="margin: auto;">
				533	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h3>
				534	</div>
				535
				536	<p class="magick-description">Use black point compensation.</p>
				537
				538	<div style="margin: auto;">
				539	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				540	</div>
				541
				542	<p class="magick-description">Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</p>
				543
				544	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
				545	value within [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>] corresponding to the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	546	desired <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a>for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	547
				548
				549	<div style="margin: auto;">
				550	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blend"></a>-blend <var>geometry</var></h3>
				551	</div>
				552
				553	<p class="magick-description">blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</p>
				554
				555	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				556	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				557	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				558	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
				559	<code>-blend 30%</code> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				560	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <code>-blend 30x70%</code>.</p>
				561
				562
				563	<div style="margin: auto;">
				564	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <var>x</var>,<var>y</var></h3>
				565	</div>
				566
				567	<p class="magick-description">Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</p>
				568
				569	<div style="margin: auto;">
				570	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <var>factor</var></h3>
				571	</div>
				572
				573	<p class="magick-description">simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</p>
				574
				575	<div style="margin: auto;">
				576
				577	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	578	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="blur"></a>-blur <var>radius</var><br />-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	579	</div>
				580
				581	<p class="magick-description">Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</p>
				582
				583	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	584	<var >Sigma</var> value. The formula is:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	585
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	586	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/></p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	587
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	588	<p>The <var >Sigma</var> value is the important argument, and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	589	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
				590
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	591	<p>The <var >Radius</var> is only used to determine the size of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	592	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
				593	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
				594	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				595	</p>
				596
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	597	<p>The larger the <var >Radius</var> the slower the
				598	operation is. However too small a <var >Radius</var>, and sever
				599	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <var >Radius</var>
				600	should be at least twice the <var >Sigma</var> value, though three
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	601	times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
				602
				603	<p>This option differs from <a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply
				604	by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here
				605	we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction,
				606	then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
				607
				608	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				609	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				610	</p>
				611
				612
				613	<div style="margin: auto;">
				614	<h3 class="magick-header">-blur <var>Width</var>[x<var>Height</var>[+<var>Angle</var>]]</h3>
				615	</div>
				616
				617	<p class="magick-description">Variably blur an image according to the overlay mapping.</p>
				618
				619	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				620	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				621	mapping. </p>
				622
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	623	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <var>Width</var> and <var >Height</var>. The <var >Height</var>
				624	defaults to the <var >Width</var> for a normal circular Gaussian
				625	weighting. The <var >Angle</var> will rotate the ellipse from
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	626	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				627
				628	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				629	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				630	</p>
				631
				632
				633	<div style="margin: auto;">
				634	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="border"></a>-border <var>geometry</var></h3>
				635	</div>
				636
				637	<p class="magick-description">Surround the image with a border of color. </p>
				638
				639	<p>Set the width and height using the <var>size</var> portion of the
				640	<var>geometry</var> argument. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are
				641	ignored. </p>
				642
				643	<p>As of IM 6.7.8-8, the <var>geometry</var> arguments behave as follows:</p>
				644
				645	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				646	<dt><var>value</var></dt>
				647	<dd>value is added to both left/right and top/bottom</dd>
				648	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd></dt>
				649	<dd>value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd>
				650	<dt><kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var></dt>
				651	<dd>value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd>
				652	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var></dt>
				653	<dd>value-x is added to left/right and value-y added to top/bottom</dd>
				654	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd>0</dt>
				655	<dd>value-x is added only to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd>
				656	<dt>0<kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var></dt>
				657	<dd>value-y is added only to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd>
				658	<dt><var>value</var>%</dt>
				659	<dd>value % of width is added to left/right and value % of height is added to top/bottom</dd>
				660	<dt><var>value-x</var><kbd>x</kbd>%</dt>
				661	<dd>value-x % of width is added to left/right and to top/bottom</dd>
				662	<dt>x<var>value-y</var>%</dt>
				663	<dd>value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and to left/right</dd>
				664	<dt><var>value-x</var>%<kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var>%</dt>
				665	<dd>value-x % of width is added to left/right and value-y % of height is added to top/bottom</dd>
				666	<dt><var>value-x</var>%<kbd>x</kbd>0%</dt>
				667	<dd>value-x % of width is added to left/right and top/bottom are unchanged</dd>
				668	<dt>0%<kbd>x</kbd><var>value-y</var>%</dt>
				669	<dd>value-y % of height is added to top/bottom and left/right are unchanged</dd>
				670	</dl>
				671
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	672	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a
				673	href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	674
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	675	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a> operation is affected by the current <a
				676	href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	677	'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate
				678	size colors by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> before
				679	overlaying the original image in the center of this net image. This means that
				680	with the default compose method of '<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may
				681	be replaced by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				682	<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more
				683	functionality.</p>
				684
				685	<div style="margin: auto;">
				686	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <var>color</var></h3>
				687	</div>
				688
				689	<p class="magick-description">Set the border color.</p>
				690
				691	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				692
				693	<p>The default border color is <code>#DFDFDF</code>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				694
				695	<div style="margin: auto;">
				696	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <var>geometry</var> </h3>
				697	</div>
				698
				699	<p class="magick-description">Set the border width.</p>
				700
				701	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	702	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <var>brightness</var><br />-brightness-contrast <var>brightness</var>{x<var>contrast</var>}{<var>%</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	703	</div>
				704
				705	<p class="magick-description">Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</p>
				706
				707	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are
				708	not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change.
				709	The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the
				710	brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast.
				711	To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness,
				712	set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
				713
				714	<p>You may also use <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to
				715	apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same
				716	transformation to all channels.</p>
				717
				718	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a
				719	linear transform and applied
				720	using <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
				721
				722	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at
				723	contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result are totally
				724	midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but
				725	not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation
				726	is a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
				727
				728	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this
				729	function. All achievable slopes are zero or positive.</p>
				730
				731	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5
				732	at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result is
				733	totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result is
				734	totally black.</p>
				735
				736	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%'
				737	symbol is no different than leaving it off.</p>
				738
				739	<div style="margin: auto;">
				740	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="cache"></a>-cache <var>threshold</var></h3>
				741	</div>
				742
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	743	<p class="magick-description">(This option has been replaced by the <a href='command-line-options.html#limit'>-limit</a> option).</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	744
				745	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	746	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="canny"></a>-canny <var>radius</var><br/>-canny <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>{<var>+lower-percent</var>}{<var>+upper-percent</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	747	</div>
				748
				749	<p class="magick-description">Canny edge detector uses a multi-stage algorithm to detect a wide range of edges in the image.</p>
				750
				751	<p>The thresholds range from 0 to 100% (e.g. -canny 0x1+10%+30%) with {<var>+lower-percent</var>} < {<var>+upper-percent</var>}. If {<var>+upper-percent</var>} is increased but {<var>+lower-percent</var>} remains the same, lesser edge components will be detected, but their lengths will be the same. If {<var>+lower-percent</var>} is increased but {<var>+upper-percent</var>} is the same, the same number of edge components will be detected but their lengths will be shorter. The default thresholds are shown. The <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var> controls a gaussian blur applied to the input image to reduce noise and smooth the edges.</p>
				752
				753	<div style="margin: auto;">
				754	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="caption"></a>-caption <var>string</var></h3>
				755	</div>
				756
				757	<p class="magick-description">Assign a caption to an image.</p>
				758
				759	<p>This option sets the caption meta-data of an image read in after this
				760	option has been given. To modify a caption of images already in memory use
				761	"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> caption</code>". </p>
				762
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	763	<p>The caption can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				764	href="escape.html">Format and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	765	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the caption
				766	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				767
				768	<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image caption is read from a file titled by the
				769	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				770	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				771
				772	<p>Caption meta-data is not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				773	<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options
				774	instead.</p>
				775
				776	<p>For example,</p>
				777
				778	<pre>
				779	-caption "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				780	</pre>
				781
				782	<p>produces an image caption of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming
				783	that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of
				784	480.</p>
				785
				786
				787	<div style="margin: auto;">
				788	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="cdl"></a>-cdl <var>filename</var></h3>
				789	</div>
				790
				791	<p class="magick-description">color correct with a color decision list.</p>
				792
				793	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				794
				795	<pre>
				796	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				797	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				798	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				799	<SOPNode>
				800	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				801	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				802	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				803	</SOPNode>
				804	<SATNode>
				805	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				806	</SATNode>
				807	</ColorCorrection>
				808	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
				809	</pre>
				810
				811	<div style="margin: auto;">
				812	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="channel"></a>-channel <var>type</var></h3>
				813	</div>
				814
				815	<p class="magick-description">Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</p>
				816
				817	<p>Choose from: <code>Red</code>, <code>Green</code>, <code>Blue</code>,
				818	<code>Alpha</code>, <code>Gray</code>, <code>Cyan</code>, <code>Magenta</code>,
				819	<code>Yellow</code>, <code>Black</code>, <code>Opacity</code>,
				820	<code>Index</code>, <code>RGB</code>, <code>RGBA</code>, <code>CMYK</code>, or
				821	<code>CMYKA</code>.</p>
				822
				823	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
				824	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<code>R</code>', '<code>G</code>',
				825	'<code>B</code>', '<code>A</code>', '<code>O</code>', '<code>C</code>',
				826	'<code>M</code>', '<code>Y</code>', '<code>K</code>'.
				827
				828	For example, to only select the <code>Red</code> and <code>Blue</code> channels
				829	you can either use </p>
				830	<pre>
				831	-channel Red,Blue
				832	</pre>
				833	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				834	<pre>
				835	-channel RB
				836	</pre>
				837
				838	<p>All the channels that are present in an image can be specified using the
				839	special channel type <code>All</code>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
				840	but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
				841	will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
				842
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	843	<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	844
				845	<p>On top of the normal channel selection an extra flag can be specified,
				846	'<code>Sync</code>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
				847	operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
				848	synchronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
				849	operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
				850	channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
				851	setting) completely independently from each other. </p>
				852
				853	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
				854	<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels are modified
				855	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
				856	it being set, then each channel is modified separately and
				857	independently, which may produce color distortion. </p>
				858
				859	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a> '<code>Convolve</code>' method
				860	and the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
				861	the '<code>Sync</code>' flag to modify the behavior of pixel colors according
				862	to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
				863	processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
				864	contribute to the final result. </p>
				865
				866	<p>Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in synchronous, and
				867	treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
				868	setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<code>Sync</code>' flag.
				869	How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
				870	Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
				871	</p>
				872
				873	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				874	channel</a>.</p>
				875
				876	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to the value
				877	'<code>RGBK,sync</code>', which specifies that operators act on all color
				878	channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
				879	to be modified in exactly the same way, with an understanding of transparency
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	880	(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
				881	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	882
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	883	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	884	include the following.
				885
				886	<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				887	<a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
				888	<a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				889	<a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>,
				890	<a href="command-line-options.html#clamp">-clamp</a>,
				891	<a href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a>,
				892	<a href="command-line-options.html#combine">-combine</a>,
				893	<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
				894	<a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>,
				895	<a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				896	<a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				897	<a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a>,
				898	<a href="command-line-options.html#fx">-fx</a>,
				899	<a href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
				900	<a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
				901	<a href="command-line-options.html#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
				902	<a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a>,
				903	<a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a>,
				904	<a href="command-line-options.html#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				905	<a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				906	<a href="command-line-options.html#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				907	<a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
				908	<a href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>,
				909	<a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
				910	<a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				911	</p>
				912
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	913	<p>Warning, some operators behave differently when the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel"
				914	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
				915	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivalent of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	916	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				917	flag. </p>
				918
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	919	<p>For example <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default grayscale
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	920	the image before thresholding, if no <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	921	has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
				922
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	923	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				924	href="command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				925	color channels if the '<code>alpha</code>' channel is also enabled by <a
				926	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	927	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				928	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
				929	resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="command-line-options.html#morphology">-morphology</a>
				930	convolution equivalents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
				931	and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
				932
				933	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
				934	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	935	alpha channel present, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				936	the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
				937	href="command-line-options.html#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	938
				939
				940
				941	<div style="margin: auto;">
				942	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <var>factor</var></h3>
				943	</div>
				944
				945	<p class="magick-description">Simulate a charcoal drawing.</p>
				946
				947	<div style="margin: auto;">
				948	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="chop"></a>-chop <var>geometry</var></h3>
				949	</div>
				950
				951	<p class="magick-description">Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</p>
				952
				953	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <var>width</var>
				954	and <var>height</var> given in the of the <var>size</var>
				955	portion of the <var>geometry</var> argument give the number of
				956	columns and rows to remove. The <var>offset</var> portion of
				957	the <var>geometry</var> argument is influenced by
				958	a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
				959
				960	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns,
				961	and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
				962
				963	<p>While it can remove internal rows and columns of pixels, it is more
				964	typically used with as <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting and zero
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	965	offsets so as to remove a single edge from an image. Compare this to <a
				966	href="command-line-options.html#shave" >-shave</a> which removes equal numbers of pixels from opposite
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	967	sides of the image. </p>
				968
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	969	<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> effectively undoes the results of a <a
				970	href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> that was given the same <var>geometry</var> and <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	971
				972	<div style="margin: auto;">
				973	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h3>
				974	</div>
				975
				976	<p class="magick-description">set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</p>
				977
				978	<div style="margin: auto;">
				979	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clip"></a>-clip</h3>
				980	</div>
				981
				982	<p class="magick-description">Apply the clipping path if one is present.</p>
				983
				984	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				985
				986	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				987
				988	<pre>
				989	convert cockatoo.tif -clip -negate negated.tif
				990	</pre>
				991
				992	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				993
				994	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> feature requires SVG support. If the SVG
				995	delegate library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				996
				997	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">+clip</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
				998
				999	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1000	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h3>
				1001	</div>
				1002
				1003	<p class="magick-description">Clip the image as defined by this mask.</p>
				1004
				1005	<p>Use the alpha channel of the current image as a mask. Any areas that is
				1006	white is not modified by any of the 'image processing operators' that follow,
				1007	until the mask is removed. Pixels in the black areas of the clip mask are
				1008	modified per the requirements of the operator. </p>
				1009
				1010	<p>In some ways this is similar to (though not the same) as defining
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1011	a rectangular <a href="command-line-options.html#region" >-region</a>, or using the negative of the
				1012	mask (third) image in a three image <a href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1013	operation. </p>
				1014
				1015	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">+clip-mask</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
				1016
				1017	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1018	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <var>id</var></h3>
				1019	</div>
				1020
				1021	<p class="magick-description">Clip along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</p>
				1022
				1023	<p>This is identical to <a href="command-line-options.html#clip">-clip</a> except choose a specific clip path in the event the image has more than one path available. </p>
				1024
				1025	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-path">+clip-path</a> to disable clipping for subsequent operations.</p>
				1026
				1027	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1028	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clone"></a>-clone <var>index(s)</var></h3>
				1029	</div>
				1030
				1031	<p class="magick-description">make a clone of an image (or images).</p>
				1032
				1033	<p>Inside parenthesis (where the operator is normally used) it will make a
				1034	clone of the images from the last 'pushed' image sequence, and adds them to
				1035	the end of the current image sequence. Outside parenthesis
				1036	(not recommended) it clones the images from the current image sequence. </p>
				1037
				1038	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				1039	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for
				1040	example, <code>−1</code>
				1041	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
				1042	dash (e.g. <code>0−4</code>). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no
				1043	spaces (e.g. <code>0,2,5</code>). A value of '<code>0−−1</code> will
				1044	effectively clone all the images. </p>
				1045
				1046	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#clone">+clone</a> will simply make a copy of the last image
				1047	in the image sequence, and is thus equivalent to using a argument of
				1048	'<code>−1</code>'. </p>
				1049
				1050	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1051	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="clut"></a>-clut</h3>
				1052	</div>
				1053
				1054	<p class="magick-description">Replace the channel values in the first image using each corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor <b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</p>
				1055
				1056	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				1057	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				1058	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				1059	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				1060	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				1061
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1062	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				1063	href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1064	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				1065	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<code>bilinear</code>' and
				1066	'<code>bicubic</code>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				1067	gradients, and the '<code>integer</code>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				1068	lookup of color values. </p>
				1069
				1070	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				1071	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				1072
				1073	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1074	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				1075	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is <code>RGB</code>, this means that
				1076	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				1077	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				1078	set, it is treated by the <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1079	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				1080	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				1081
				1082	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, contains no
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1083	transparency (i.e. <a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				1084	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1085	assumed that image represents a grayscale gradient which is used for the
				1086	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a grayscale CLUT image to
				1087	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a grayscale image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1088	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				1089	</p>
				1090
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1091	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1092	according to the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation
				1093	of a 3D color cube. </p>
				1094
				1095
				1096	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1097	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h3>
				1098	</div>
				1099
				1100	<p class="magick-description">Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</p>
				1101
				1102	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to
				1103	its <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of
				1104	an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be
				1105	the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the
				1106	animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames
				1107	are more easily viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay
				1108	images. </p>
				1109
				1110	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using
				1111	the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> method '<code>optimize</code>', although
				1112	there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is
				1113	better than the original. </p>
				1114
				1115
				1116	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1117	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colorize"></a>-colorize <var>value</var></h3>
				1118	</div>
				1119
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1120	<p class="magick-description">Colorize the image by an amount specified by <var>value</var> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1121
				1122	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization
				1123	values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with
				1124	a comma-delimited list of colorization
				1125	values (e.g., <code>-colorize 0,0,50</code>).</p>
				1126
				1127	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1128	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colormap"></a>-colormap <var>type</var></h3>
				1129	</div>
				1130
				1131	<p class="magick-description">Define the colormap type.</p>
				1132
				1133	<p>The <var>type</var> can be <code>shared</code> or <code>private</code>.</p>
				1134
				1135	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual
				1136	is <code>PseudoColor</code> or <code>GrayScale</code>. Refer
				1137	to <a href="command-line-options.html#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default,
				1138	a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with
				1139	other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated,
				1140	therefore your image may look very different than intended.
				1141	If <code>private</code> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly
				1142	as they are defined. However, other clients may go <var>technicolor</var>
				1143	when the image colormap is installed.</p>
				1144
				1145	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1146	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colors"></a>-colors <var>value</var></h3>
				1147	</div>
				1148
				1149	<p class="magick-description">Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</p>
				1150
				1151	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request,
				1152	but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer
				1153	unique colors than specified by <var>value</var> will have any
				1154	duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color
				1155	palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale,
				1156	it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before
				1157	reducing the number of colors. Refer to
				1158	the <a href="quantize.html">
				1159	color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				1160
				1161	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1162	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <var>matrix</var></h3>
				1163	</div>
				1164
				1165	<p class="magick-description">apply color correction to the image.</p>
				1166
				1167	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha,
				1168	and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices
				1169	can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6
				1170	for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by
				1171	Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of
				1172	CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
				1173
				1174	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				1175
				1176	<pre>
				1177	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				1178	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1179	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1180	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1181	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1182	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1183	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
				1184	</pre>
				1185	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1186	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <var>value</var></h3>
				1187	</div>
				1188
				1189	<p class="magick-description">Set the image colorspace.</p>
				1190
				1191	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1192
				1193	<pre>
				1194	CMY CMYK Gray HCL
				1195	HCLp HSB HSI HSL
				1196	HSV HWB Lab LCHab
				1197	LCHuv LMS Log Luv
				1198	OHTA Rec601YCbCr Rec709YCbCr RGB
				1199	scRGB sRGB Transparent xyY
				1200	XYZ YCbCr YCC YDbDr
				1201	YIQ YPbPr YUV
				1202	</pre>
				1203
				1204	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1205
				1206	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the linear RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option. Note, ImageMagick assumes the sRGB colorspace if the image format does not indicate otherwise. For colorspace conversion, the gamma function is first removed to produce linear RGB.</p>
				1207
				1208	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				1209	<caption>Conversion of RGB to Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1210	<tr><th valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1211	<tr><td valign="middle">C=<var>QuantumRange</var>−R</td></tr>
				1212	<tr><td valign="middle">M=<var>QuantumRange</var>−G</td></tr>
				1213	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=<var>QuantumRange</var>−B</td></tr>
				1214	<tr><th valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1215	<tr><td valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1216	<tr><td valign="middle">C=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(C−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr>
				1217	<tr><td valign="middle">M=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(M−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr>
				1218	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=<var>QuantumRange</var>*(Y−K)/(<var>QuantumRange</var>−K)</td></tr>
				1219
				1220	<tr><th valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1221	<tr><td valign="middle">Gray = 0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B</td></tr>
				1222
				1223	<tr><th valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1224	<tr><td valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1225	<tr><td valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1226	<tr><td valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1227
				1228	<tr><th valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1229	<tr><td valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1230	<tr><td valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1231	<tr><td valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1232
				1233	<tr><th valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1234	<tr><td valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1235	<tr><td valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1236	<tr><td valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1237
				1238	<tr><th valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1239	<tr><td valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1240	<tr><td valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1241	<tr><td valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1242
				1243	<tr><th valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1244	<tr><td valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1245	<tr><td valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1246	<tr><td valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1247
				1248	<tr><th valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1249	<tr><td valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1250	<tr><td valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1251	<tr><td valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1252
				1253	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1254	<tr><td valign="middle">Gray = 0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B</td></tr>
				1255
				1256	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1257	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390R+0.5868110G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1258	<tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1259	<tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1260
				1261	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1262	<tr><td valign="middle">Gray=0.212656R+0.715158G+0.072186*B</td></tr>
				1263
				1264	<tr><th valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1265	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.212656R+0.715158G+0.072186*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1266	<tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000*B)+(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1267	<tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847*B)+(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1268
				1269	<tr><th valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
				1270	<tr><td valign="middle">if R ≤ .0.0031308 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
				1271	<tr><td valign="middle">if G ≤ .0.0031308 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
				1272	<tr><td valign="middle">if B ≤ .0.0031308 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=1.055 R ^ (1.0 / 2.4) ? 0.055</td></tr>
				1273
				1274	<tr><th valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1275	<tr><td valign="middle">X=0.4124564R+0.3575761G+0.1804375*B</td></tr>
				1276	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2126729R+0.7151522G+0.0721750*B</td></tr>
				1277	<tr><td valign="middle">Z=0.0193339R+0.1191920G+0.9503041*B</td></tr>
				1278
				1279	<tr><th valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1280	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=(0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling); <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1281	<tr><td valign="middle">C1=(−0.298839R−0.586811G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1282	<tr><td valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.586811G−0.114350*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1283
				1284	<tr><th valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1285	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390R+0.5868110G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1286	<tr><td valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1287	<tr><td valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1288
				1289	<tr><th valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1290	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1291	<tr><td valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1292	<tr><td valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1293
				1294	<tr><th valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1295	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.2988390R+0.5868110G+0.1143500*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1296	<tr><td valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1297	<tr><td valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1298
				1299	<tr><th valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1300	<tr><td valign="middle">Y=0.298839R+0.586811G+0.114350*B; <var>intensity-like</var></td></tr>
				1301	<tr><td valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1302	<tr><td valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<var>QuantumRange</var>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1303	</table>
				1304
				1305	<p>Note the scRGB colorspace requires HDRI support otherwise it behaves just like linear RGB.</p>
				1306
				1307	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1308	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="combine"></a>-combine</h3>
				1309	</div>
				1310
				1311	<p class="magick-description">Combine one or more images into a single image.</p>
				1312
				1313	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>) of the
				1314	combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the
				1315	sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <code>RGB</code>, this
				1316	means the first image is assigned to the <code>Red</code> channel, the second
				1317	to the <code>Green</code> channel, the third to the <code>Blue</code>.</p>
				1318
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1319	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a
				1320	href="command-line-options.html#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1321	Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the
				1322	original. </p>
				1323
				1324	<pre>
				1325	convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png
				1326	convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \
				1327	-combine imagecopy.png
				1328	</pre>
				1329
				1330	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1331	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="comment"></a>-comment <var>string</var></h3>
				1332	</div>
				1333
				1334	<p class="magick-description">Embed a comment in an image.</p>
				1335
				1336	<p>This option sets the comment meta-data of an image read in after this
				1337	option has been given. To modify a comment of images already in memory use
				1338	"<code><a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> comment</code>". </p>
				1339
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1340	<p>The comment can contain special format characters listed in the <a
				1341	href="escape.html">Format and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1342	Print Image Properties</a>. These attributes are expanded when the comment
				1343	is finally assigned to the individual images. </p>
				1344
				1345	<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the
				1346	remaining characters in the string. Comments read in from a file are literal;
				1347	no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1348
				1349	<p>Comment meta-data are not visible on the image itself. To do that use the
				1350	<a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> options
				1351	instead.</p>
				1352
				1353	<p>For example,</p>
				1354
				1355	<pre>
				1356	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				1357	</pre>
				1358
				1359	<p>produces an image comment of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> (assuming
				1360	that the image <code>bird.miff</code> has a width of 512 and a height of
				1361	480.</p>
				1362
				1363	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1364	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="compare"></a>-compare</h3>
				1365	</div>
				1366
				1367	<p class="magick-description">mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction</p>
				1368
				1369	<p>This is a convert version of "<code>compare</code>" for two same sized images. The syntax is as follows, but other metrics are allowed.</p>
				1370
				1371	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1372	convert image.png reference.png -metric RMSE -compare \ <br/> difference.png
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1373	</pre>
				1374
				1375	<p>To get the metric value use the string format "%[distortion]".</p>
				1376
				1377	<pre>
				1378	convert image.png reference.png -metric RMSE -compare -format \
				1379	"%[distortion]" info:
				1380	</pre>
				1381
				1382	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1383	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="complex"></a>-complex <var>operator</var></h3>
				1384	</div>
				1385
				1386	<p class="magick-description">perform complex mathematics on an image sequence</p>
				1387
				1388	Choose from these operators:
				1389
				1390	<pre>
				1391	add
				1392	conjugate
				1393	divide
				1394	magnitude-phase
				1395	multiply
				1396	real-imaginary
				1397	subtract
				1398	</pre>
				1399
				1400	<p>Optionally specify the <code>divide</code> operator SNR with <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> complex:snr=float</code>.</p>
				1401
				1402	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1403	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="compose"></a>-compose <var>operator</var></h3>
				1404	</div>
				1405
				1406	<p class="magick-description">Set the type of image composition.</p>
				1407
				1408	<p>See <a href="compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				1409	a detailed discussion of alpha compositing.</p>
				1410
				1411	<p>This setting effects image processing operators that merge two (or more)
				1412	images together in some way. This includes the operators,
				1413	<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-compare</a>,
				1414	<a href="command-line-options.html#composite">-composite</a>,
				1415	<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> composite,
				1416	<a href="command-line-options.html#flatten">-flatten</a>,
				1417	<a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic">-mosaic</a>,
				1418	<a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a> merge,
				1419	<a href="command-line-options.html#border">-border</a>,
				1420	<a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a>,
				1421	and <a href="command-line-options.html#extent">-extent</a>. </p>
				1422
				1423	<p>It is also one of the primary options for the "<code>composite</code>"
				1424	command. </p>
				1425
				1426
				1427	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1428	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="composite"></a>-composite</h3>
				1429	</div>
				1430
				1431	<p class="magick-description">Perform alpha composition on two images and an optional mask</p>
				1432
				1433	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1434	according to the current <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1435	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
Cristy	e93be68	2015-11-26 09:07:51 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1436	href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1437	settings. </p>
				1438
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1439	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a grayscale blending 'mask' image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1440	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask is blended with the
				1441	source image. However for the '<code>displace</code>' compose method, the
				1442	mask is used to provide a separate Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1443
				1444	<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1445	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1446	href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:args</code>'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1447	appropriately for the compose method. </p>
				1448
				1449	<p>Some <a href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1450	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1451	href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:outside-overlay</code>'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1452	to '<code>false</code>'. </p>
				1453
				1454	<p>The SVG compositing specification requires that color and opacity values range between zero and QuantumRange inclusive. You can permit values outside this range with this option: <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>option:compose:clamp=false</code></p>
				1455
				1456
				1457	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1458	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="compress"></a>-compress <var>type</var></h3>
				1459	</div>
				1460
				1461	<p class="magick-description">Use pixel compression specified by <var>type</var> when writing the image.</p>
				1462
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1463	<p>Choices are: <code>None</code>, <code>BZip</code>, <code
				1464	>Fax</code>, <code>Group4</code>, <code
				1465	>JPEG</code>, <code>JPEG2000</code>, <code
				1466	>Lossless</code>, <code>LZW</code>, <code
				1467	>RLE</code> or <code>Zip</code>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1468
				1469	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				1470	compress</a>.</p>
				1471
				1472	<p>Specify <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an
				1473	uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified
				1474	image file.</p>
				1475
				1476	<p>If <code>LZW</code> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been
				1477	enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be
				1478	read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1479
				1480	<p><code>Lossless</code> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the
				1481	JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally
				1482	not recommended.</p>
				1483
				1484	<p>
				1485	When writing an ICO file, you may request that the images be encoded in
				1486	PNG format, by specifying <code>Zip</code> compression.</p>
				1487
				1488	<p>
				1489	When writing a JNG file, specify <code>Zip</code> compression to request that
				1490	the alpha channel be encoded in PNG "IDAT" format, or <code>JPEG</code>
				1491	to request that it be encoded in JPG "JDAA" format.</p>
				1492
				1493	<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level
				1494	to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders.
				1495	Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the
				1496	sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling
				1497	the chroma channels.</p>
				1498
				1499	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1500	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="connected-components"></a>-connected-components <var>connectivity</var></h3>
				1501	</div>
				1502
Cristy	ce4a355	2015-12-14 13:53:35 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1503	<p class="magick-description"><a href="connected-components.html">connected-components</a> labeling detects connected regions in an image, choose from 4 or 8 way connectivity.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1504
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1505	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> connected-components:verbose=true</code> to output statistics associated with each unique label.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1506
				1507	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1508	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h3>
				1509	</div>
				1510
				1511	<p class="magick-description">Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1512
				1513	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and
				1514	darker elements of the image. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance
				1515	the image or <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image
				1516	contrast.</p>
				1517
				1518	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1519
				1520	<pre>
				1521	convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png
				1522	</pre>
				1523
				1524	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1525	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <var>black-point</var><br />-contrast-stretch <var>black-point</var>{x<var>white-point</var>}{<var>%</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1526	</div>
				1527
				1528	<p class="magick-description">Increase the contrast in an image by <var>stretching</var> the range of intensity values.</p>
				1529
				1530	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <var>black-point</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>white-point</var> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1531	<var >black-point %</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>white-point %</var> pixels.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1532
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1533	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch"
				1534	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <var>black-point</var> pixels and white-out at most <var >total pixels
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1535	minus white-point</var> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <var>black-point %</var> pixels and white-out at most <var>100% minus white-point %</var> pixels.</p>
				1536
				1537	<p>Note that <code>-contrast-stretch 0</code> will modify the image such that
				1538	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <var>QuantumRange</var>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1539	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize"
				1540	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <code>-contrast-stretch 0.15x0.05%</code> (or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1541	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <code>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</code>).</p>
				1542
				1543	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1544	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1545	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1546
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1547	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the same amount so as to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1548	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a>
				1549	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1550	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1551
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1552	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1553	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1554
				1555	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				1556
				1557
				1558	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1559	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="convolve"></a>-convolve <var>kernel</var></h3>
				1560	</div>
				1561
				1562	<p class="magick-description">Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</p>
				1563
				1564	<p>The <var>kernel</var> is a matrix specified as
				1565	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1566	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1567	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <var>kernel</var> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1568	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
				1569
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1570	<p>Note that the <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1571	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1572	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1573	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1574	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1575	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
				1576	</p>
				1577
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1578	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1579	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1580	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				1581	href="high-dynamic-range.html">High
				1582	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1583	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1584	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1585	entry. </p>
				1586
				1587
				1588	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1589	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="copy"></a>-copy <var>geometry</var> <var>offset</var></h3>
				1590	</div>
				1591
				1592	<p class="magick-description">copy pixels from one area of an image to another.</p>
				1593
				1594	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1595	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="crop"></a>-crop <var>geometry</var>{<var>@</var>}{<var>!</var>}</h3>
				1596	</div>
				1597
				1598	<p class="magick-description">Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</p>
				1599
				1600	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1601
				1602	<p>The <var>width</var> and <var>height</var> of the <var>geometry</var> argument give the size of the image that remains
				1603	after cropping, and <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> in the
				1604	<var>offset</var> (if present) gives the location of the top left
				1605	corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the
				1606	amount to be removed, use <a href="command-line-options.html#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1607
				1608	<p>If the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are
				1609	present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the
				1610	cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of
				1611	the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper
				1612	left corner of the image. If the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
				1613	present with <code>NorthEast</code>, <code>East</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code>
				1614	gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1615	the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a
				1616	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <code>SouthWest</code>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1617	<code>South</code>, or <code>SouthEast</code> gravity, the distance is measured
				1618	upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1619
				1620	<p>If the <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are
				1621	omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input
				1622	image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if
				1623	the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1624
				1625	<p>You can add the <var>@</var> to the geometry argument to equally divide the image into the number of tiles generated.</p>
				1626
				1627	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1628	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1629	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1630	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1631	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1632
				1633	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1634	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1635	missed' warning given. </p>
				1636
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1637	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1638	cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the
				1639	upper-left corner of the visible image.
				1640
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1641	Similarly you may want to use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> after cropping to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1642	remove the page offset that will be left behind. This is especially true when
				1643	you are going to write to an image format such as PNG that supports an image
				1644	offset.</p>
				1645
				1646	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1647	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="cycle"></a>-cycle <var>amount</var></h3>
				1648	</div>
				1649
				1650	<p class="magick-description">displace image colormap by amount.</p>
				1651
				1652	<p><var>Amount</var> defines the number of positions each
				1653	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1654
				1655
				1656	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1657	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="debug"></a>-debug <var>events</var></h3>
				1658	</div>
				1659
				1660	<p class="magick-description">enable debug printout.</p>
				1661
				1662	<p>The <code>events</code> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It
				1663	can be either <code>None</code>, <code>All</code>, <code>Trace</code>, or
				1664	a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains:
				1665	<code>Accelerate</code>, <code>Annotate</code>, <code>Blob</code>, <code>Cache</code>,
				1666	<code>Coder</code>, <code>Configure</code>, <code>Deprecate</code>,
				1667	<code>Exception</code>, <code>Locale</code>, <code>Render</code>,
				1668	<code>Resource</code>, <code>Security</code>, <code>TemporaryFile</code>,
				1669	<code>Transform</code>, <code>X11</code>, or <code>User</code>. </p>
				1670
				1671
				1672	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1673
				1674	<pre>
				1675	convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png
				1676	</pre>
				1677
				1678	<p>The <code>User</code> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user
				1679	events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1680
				1681	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				1682	debug</a>.</p>
				1683
				1684	<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging
				1685	output.</p>
				1686
				1687	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1688
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1689	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code> <a href="resources.html#environment"
				1690	>environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <code>MAGICK_DEBUG</code>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1691	environment variable are the same as for the <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a>
				1692	option.</p>
				1693
				1694
				1695	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1696	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="decipher"></a>-decipher <var>filename</var></h3>
				1697	</div>
				1698
				1699	<p class="magick-description">Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="command-line-options.html#encipher">-encipher</a>.</p>
				1700
				1701	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <var>filename</var>.</p>
				1702
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1703	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
				1704	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1705	Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1706
				1707
				1708	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1709	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h3>
				1710	</div>
				1711
				1712	<p class="magick-description">find areas that has changed between images </p>
				1713
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1714	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a
				1715	href="command-line-options.html#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1716	a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image.
				1717	</p>
				1718
				1719	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation
				1720	sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the
				1721	animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1722
				1723	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers">-layers</a>
				1724	method '<code>compare-any</code>'. </p>
				1725
				1726
				1727	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1728	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="define"></a>-define <var>key</var>{<var>=value</var>}<var>...</var></h3>
				1729	</div>
				1730
				1731	<p class="magick-description">add specific global settings generally used to control coders and image processing operations.</p>
				1732
				1733	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use
				1734	while reading and writing image data. Definitions are generally used to
				1735	control image file format coder modules, and image processing operations,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1736	beyond what is provided by normal means. Defined settings are listed in <a
				1737	href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format)
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1738	as "Artifacts". </p>
				1739
				1740	<p>If <var>value</var> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued
				1741	definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off
				1742	options. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions
				1743	previously created. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all
				1744	existing definitions.</p>
				1745
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1746	<p>The same 'artifact' settings can also be defined using the <a
				1747	href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set "option:<var>key</var>" "<var>value</var>"</a> option, which also allows the use of <a href="escape.html" >Format and Print Image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1748	Properties</a> in the defined value. </p>
				1749
				1750	<p>The <var>option</var> and <var>key</var> are case-independent (they are
				1751	converted to lowercase for use within the decoders) while the <var>value</var>
				1752	is case-dependent.</p>
				1753
				1754	<p>Such settings are global in scope, and affect all images and operations. </p>
				1755
				1756	<p>The following definitions are just some of the artifacts that are
				1757	available:</p>
				1758
				1759	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				1760	<tr>
				1761	<td>bmp:format=<var>value</var></td>
				1762	<td> valid values are <var>bmp2</var>, <var>bmp3</var>,
				1763	and <var>bmp4</var>. This option can be useful when the
				1764	method of prepending "BMP2:" to the output filename is inconvenient or
				1765	is not available, such as when using the <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a> utility.</td>
				1766	</tr>
				1767
				1768	<tr>
				1769	<td>colorspace:auto-grayscale=<var>on\|off</var></td>
				1770	<td>prevent automatic conversion to grayscale inside coders that support
				1771	grayscale. This should be accompanied by -type truecolor. PNG and TIF do
				1772	not need this define. With PNG, just use PNG24:image. With TIF, just use
				1773	-type truecolor. JPG and PSD will need this define.</td>
				1774	</tr>
				1775
				1776	<tr>
				1777	<td>complex:snr=<var>value</var></td>
				1778	<td>Set the divide SNR constant<a href="command-line-options.html#complex">-complex</a></td>
				1779	</tr>
				1780
				1781	<tr>
				1782	<td>compose:args=<var>arguments</var></td>
				1783	<td>Sets certain compose argument values when using convert ... -compose ...
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1784	-composite. See <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/compose.html"
				1785	>Image Composition</a></td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1786	</tr>
				1787
				1788	<tr>
				1789	<td>compose:clamp=<var>on\|off</var></td>
				1790	<td>set each pixel whose value is below zero to zero and any the pixel whose value is above the quantum range to the quantum range (e.g. 65535) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged. Define supported in ImageMagick 6.9.1-3 and above.</td>
				1791	</tr>
				1792
				1793	<tr>
Cristy	de27d76	2016-01-02 12:56:44 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1794	<td>connected-components:area-threshold=<var>value</var></td>
				1795	<td>Merges any region with area smaller than <var>value</var> into its surrounding region or largest neighbor.</td>
				1796	</tr>
				1797
				1798	<tr>
				1799	<td>connected-components:keep=<var>list-of-ids</var></td>
				1800	<td>Command and/or hyphenated list of id values to keep in the output. Supported in Imagemagick 6.9.3-0.</td>
				1801	</tr>
				1802
				1803	<tr>
				1804	<td>connected-components:mean-color=<var>true</var></td>
				1805	<td>Changes the output image from id values to mean color values. Supported in Imagemagick 6.9.2-8.</td>
				1806	</tr>
				1807
				1808	<tr>
				1809	<td>connected-components:remove=<var>list-of-ids</var></td>
				1810	<td>Command and/or hyphenated list of id values to remove from the output. Supported in Imagemagick 6.9.2-9.</td>
				1811	</tr>
				1812
				1813	<tr>
				1814	<td>connected-components:verbose=<var>true</var></td>
				1815	<td>Lists id, bounding box, centroid, area, mean color for each region.</td>
				1816	</tr>
				1817
				1818	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1819	<td>convolve:scale=<var>{kernel_scale}[!^] [,{origin_addition}] [%]</var></td>
				1820	<td>Defines the kernel scaling. The special flag ! automatically scales to
				1821	full dynamic range. The ! flag can be used in combination with a factor or
				1822	percent. The factor or percent is then applied after the automatic scaling.
				1823	An example is 50%!. This produces a result 50% darker than full dynamic
				1824	range scaling. The ^ flag assures the kernel is 'zero-summing', for
				1825	example when some values are positive and some are negative as in edge
				1826	detection kernels. The origin addition adds that value to the center
				1827	pixel of the kernel. This produces and effect that is like adding the image
				1828	that many times to the result of the filtered image. The typical value
				1829	is 1 so that the original image is added to the result of the convolution.
				1830	The default is 0.</td>
				1831	</tr>
				1832
				1833	<tr>
				1834	<td>convolve:showkernel=<var>1</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1835	<td>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a specified <a
				1836	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology convolve</a> kernel.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1837	</tr>
				1838
				1839	<tr>
				1840	<td>dcm:display-range=<var>reset</var></td>
				1841	<td>Sets the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the
				1842	DCM image format.</td>
				1843	</tr>
				1844
				1845	<tr>
				1846	<td>dds:cluster-fit=<var>true\|false</var></td>
				1847	<td>Enables the dds cluster-fit.</td>
				1848	</tr>
				1849
				1850	<tr>
				1851	<td>dds:compression=<var>dxt1\|dxt5\|none</var></td>
				1852	<td>Sets the dds compression.</td>
				1853	</tr>
				1854
				1855	<tr>
				1856	<td>dds:mipmaps=<var>value</var></td>
				1857	<td>Sets the dds number of mipmaps.</td>
				1858	</tr>
				1859
				1860	<tr>
				1861	<td>dds:weight-by-alpha=<var>true\|false</var></td>
				1862	<td>Enables the dds alpha weighting.</td>
				1863	</tr>
				1864
				1865	<tr>
				1866	<td>delegate:bimodal=<var>true</var></td>
				1867	<td>Specifies direct conversion from Postscript to PDF.</td>
				1868	</tr>
				1869
				1870	<tr>
				1871	<td>distort:scale=<var>value</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1872	<td>Sets the output scaling factor for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				1873	>-distort</a></td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1874	</tr>
				1875
				1876	<tr>
				1877	<td>distort:viewport=<var>WxH+X+Y</var></td>
				1878	<td>Sets the viewport for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a></td>
				1879	</tr>
				1880
				1881	<tr>
				1882	<td>dot:layout-engine=<var>value</var></td>
				1883	<td>Specifies the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g.
				1884	<code>neato</code>).</td>
				1885	</tr>
				1886
				1887	<tr>
				1888	<td>filter:option=<var>value</var></td>
				1889	<td>Set a filter option for use with <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>.
				1890	See <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> for details.</td>
				1891	</tr>
				1892
				1893	<tr>
				1894	<td>fourier:normalize=<var>inverse</var></td>
				1895	<td>Sets the location for the FFT/IFT normalization as use by
				1896	<a href="command-line-options.html#fft">+-fft</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">+-ift</a>. The default is
				1897	<var>forward</var>.</td>
				1898	</tr>
				1899
				1900	<tr>
				1901	<td>h:format=<var>value</var></td>
				1902	<td>Set the image encoding format use when writing a C-style header.
				1903	<var>format</var> can be any output format supported by ImageMagick
				1904	except for <var>h</var> and <var>magick</var></td>. If this
				1905	option is omitted, the default is <var>GIF</var> for PseudoClass
				1906	images and <var>PNM</var> for DirectClass images.
				1907	</tr>
				1908
				1909	<tr>
				1910	<td>icon:auto-resize</td>
				1911	<td>Automatically stores multiple sizes when writing an ico image
				1912	(requires a 256x256 input image).</td>
				1913	</tr>
				1914
				1915	<tr>
				1916	<td>jp2:layer-number=<var>value</var></td>
				1917	<td>Sets the maximum number of quality layers to decode. Same for JPT, JC2,
				1918	and J2K</td>
				1919	</tr>
				1920
				1921	<tr>
				1922	<td>jp2:number-resolutions=<var>value</var></td>
				1923	<td>Sets the number of resolutions to encode.Same for JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1924	</tr>
				1925
				1926	<tr>
				1927	<td>jp2:progression-order=<var>value</var></td>
				1928	<td>choose from LRCP, RLCP, RPCL, PCRL or CPRL. Same for JPT, JC2, and
				1929	J2K</td>
				1930	</tr>
				1931
				1932	<tr>
				1933	<td>jp2:quality=<var>value,value...</var></td>
				1934	<td>Sets the quality layer PSNR, given in dB. The order is from left to
				1935	right in ascending order. The default is a single lossless quality layer.
				1936	Same for JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1937	</tr>
				1938
				1939	<tr>
				1940	<td>jp2:rate=<var>value</var></td>
				1941	<td>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The
				1942	compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid
				1943	range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined,
				1944	this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75
				1945	results in a rate value of 0.06641. Same for JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1946	</tr>
				1947
				1948	<tr>
				1949	<td>jp2:reduce-factor=<var>value</var></td>
				1950	<td>Sets the number of highest resolution levels to be discarded.Same for
				1951	JPT, JC2, and J2K</td>
				1952	</tr>
				1953
				1954	<tr>
				1955	<td>jpeg:block-smoothing=<var>on\|off</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1956	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1957	</tr>
				1958
				1959	<tr>
				1960	<td>jpeg:colors=<var>value</var></td>
				1961	<td>Set the desired number of colors and let the JPEG encoder do the
				1962	quantizing.</td>
				1963	</tr>
				1964
				1965	<tr>
				1966	<td>jpeg:dct-method=<var>value</var></td>
				1967	<td>Choose from <code>default</code>, <code>fastest</code>,
				1968	<code>float</code>, <code>ifast</code>, and <code>islow</code>.</td>
				1969	</tr>
				1970
				1971	<tr>
				1972	<td>jpeg:extent=<var>value</var></td>
				1973	<td>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <code>-define
				1974	jpeg:extent=400KB</code>. The JPEG encoder will search for the highest
				1975	compression quality level that results in an output file that does not
Cristy	e93be68	2015-11-26 09:07:51 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1976	exceed the value. The <code>-quality</code> option also will be respected
				1977	starting with version 6.9.2-5. Between 6.9.1-0 and 6.9.2-4, add -quality
				1978	100 in order for the jpeg:extent to work properly. Prior to 6.9.1-0, the
				1979	-quality setting was ignored.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1980	</tr>
				1981
				1982	<tr>
				1983	<td>jpeg:fancy-upsampling=<var>on\|off</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1984	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1985	</tr>
				1986
				1987	<tr>
				1988	<td>jpeg:optimize-coding=<var>on\|off</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1989	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1990	</tr>
				1991
				1992	<tr>
				1993	<td>jpeg:q-table=<var>table</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1994	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	1995	</tr>
				1996
				1997	<tr>
				1998	<td>jpeg:sampling-factor=<var>sampling-factor-string</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	1999	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2000	</tr>
				2001
				2002	<tr>
				2003	<td>jpeg:size=<var>geometry</var></td>
				2004	<td>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for
				2005	example, <code>-define jpeg:size=128x128</code>.
				2006	It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory
				2007	requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</td>
				2008	</tr>
				2009
				2010	<tr>
				2011	<td>json:features</td>
				2012	<td>includes features in verbose information</td>
				2013	</tr>
				2014
				2015	<tr>
				2016	<td>json:limit</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2017	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2018	</tr>
				2019
				2020	<tr>
				2021	<td>json:locate</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2022	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2023	</tr>
				2024
				2025	<tr>
				2026	<td>json:moments</td>
				2027	<td>includes image moments in verbose information</td>
				2028	</tr>
				2029
				2030	<tr>
				2031	<td>magick:format=<var>value</var></td>
				2032	<td>Set the image encoding format use when writing a C-style header.
				2033	This is the same as "h:format=format" described above.</td>.
				2034	</tr>
				2035
				2036	<tr>
				2037	<td>mng:need-cacheoff</td>
				2038	<td>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</td>
				2039	</tr>
				2040
				2041	<tr>
				2042	<td>morphology:compose=<var>compose-method</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2043	<td>Specifies how to merge results generated by multiple<a
				2044	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel. The default is none. One
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2045	typical value is 'lighten' as used, for example, with the sobel edge
				2046	kernels. </td>
				2047	</tr>
				2048
				2049	<tr>
				2050	<td>morphology:showkernel=<var>1</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2051	<td>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a generated <a
				2052	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2053	</tr>
				2054
				2055	<tr>
				2056	<td>pcl:fit-to-page=<var>true</var></td>
				2057
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2058	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2059	<td>pdf:fit-page=<var>geometry</var></td>
				2060	<td> geometry specifies the scaling dimensions for resizing when the PDF is
				2061	being read. The geometry is either WxH{%} or page size. No offsets are
				2062	allowed. (introduced in IM 6.8.8-8)</td>
				2063	</tr>
				2064
				2065	<tr>
				2066	<td>pdf:fit-to-page=<var>true</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2067	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2068	</tr>
				2069
				2070	<tr>
				2071	<td>pdf:use-cropbox=<var>true</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2072	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2073	</tr>
				2074
				2075	<tr>
				2076	<td>pdf:use-trimbox=<var>true</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2077	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2078	</tr>
				2079
				2080	<tr>
				2081	<td>png:bit-depth=<var>value</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2082	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2083	</tr>
				2084	<tr>
				2085	<td>png:color-type=<var>value</var></td>
				2086	<td>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG
				2087	encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have
				2088	normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image
				2089	quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no
				2090	PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you
				2091	can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale,
				2092	indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image,
				2093	you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you
				2094	wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a>,
				2095	<a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> directives to
				2096	reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in
				2097	indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index,
				2098	which can be 1, 2, 4, or 8. In such files, the color samples always have
				2099	8-bit depth.</td>
				2100	</tr>
				2101
				2102	<tr>
				2103	<td>png:compression-filter=<var>value</var></td>
				2104	<td> valid values are 0 through 9. 0-4 are the corresponding PNG filters,
				2105	5 means adaptive filtering except for images with a colormap, 6 means
				2106	adaptive filtering for all images, 7 means MNG "loco" compression, 8 means
				2107	Z_RLE strategy with adaptive filtering, and 9 means Z_RLE strategy with no
				2108	filtering.</td>
				2109	</tr>
				2110
				2111	<tr>
				2112	<td>png:compression-level=<var>value</var></td>
				2113	<td> valid values are 0 through 9, with 0 providing the least but fastest
				2114	compression and 9 usually providing the best and always the slowest.</td>
				2115	</tr>
				2116
				2117	<tr>
				2118	<td>png:compression-strategy=<var>value</var></td>
				2119	<td> valid values are 0 through 4, meaning default, filtered, huffman_only,
				2120	rle, and fixed ZLIB compression strategy. If you are using an old zlib
				2121	that does not support Z_RLE (before 1.2.0) or Z_FIXED (before 1.2.2.2),
				2122	values 3 and 4, respectively, will use the zlib default strategy
				2123	instead.</td>
				2124	</tr>
				2125
				2126	<tr>
				2127	<td>png:format=<var>value</var></td>
				2128	<td> valid values are <var>png8</var>, <var>png24</var>,
				2129	<var>png32</var>, <var>png48</var>,
				2130	<var>png64</var>, and <var>png00</var>.
				2131	This property can be useful for specifying
				2132	the specific PNG format to be used, when the usual method of prepending the
				2133	format name to the output filename is inconvenient, such as when writing
				2134	a PNG-encoded ICO file or when using <a href="mogrify.html">mogrify</a>.
				2135	Value = <var>png8</var> reduces the number of colors to 256,
				2136	only one of which may be fully transparent, if necessary. The other
				2137	values do not force any reduction of quality; it is an error to request
				2138	a format that cannot represent the image data without loss (except that
				2139	it is allowed to reduce the bit-depth from 16 to 8 for all formats).
				2140	Value = <var>png24</var> and <var>png48</var>
				2141	allow transparency, only if a single color is fully transparent and that
				2142	color does not also appear in an opaque pixel; such transparency is
				2143	written in a PNG <code>tRNS</code> chunk.
				2144	Value = <var>png00</var> causes the image to inherit its
				2145	color-type and bit-depth from the input image, if the input was also
				2146	a PNG.</td>
				2147	</tr>
				2148
				2149	<tr>
				2150	<td>png:exclude-chunk=<var>value</var></td>
				2151
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2152	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2153	<td>png:include-chunk=<var>value</var></td>
				2154	<td>ancillary chunks to be excluded from or included in PNG output.
				2155
				2156	<p>The <var>value</var> can be the name of a PNG chunk-type such
				2157	as <var>bKGD</var>, a comma-separated list of chunk-names
				2158	(which can include the word <var>date</var>, the word
				2159	<var>all</var>, or the word <var>none</var>).
				2160	Although PNG chunk-names are case-dependent, you can use all lowercase
				2161	names if you prefer.</p>
				2162
				2163	<p>The "include-chunk" and "exclude-chunk" lists only affect the behavior
				2164	of the PNG encoder and have no effect on the PNG decoder.</p>
				2165
				2166	<p>As a special case, if the <code>sRGB</code> chunk is excluded and
				2167	the <code>gAMA</code> chunk is included, the <code>gAMA</code> chunk will
				2168	only be written if gamma is not 1/2.2, since most decoders assume
				2169	sRGB and gamma=1/2.2 when no colorspace information is included in
				2170	the PNG file. Because the list is processed from left to right, you
				2171	can achieve this with a single define:</p>
				2172
				2173	<pre>
				2174	-define png:include-chunk=none,gAMA
				2175	</pre>
				2176
				2177	<p>As a special case, if the <code>sRGB</code> chunk is not excluded and
				2178	the PNG encoder recognizes that the image contains the sRGB ICC profile,
				2179	the PNG encoder will write the <code>sRGB</code> chunk instead of the
				2180	entire ICC profile. To force the PNG encoder to write the sRGB
				2181	profile as an <code>iCCP</code> chunk in the output PNG instead of the
				2182	<code>sRGB</code> chunk, exclude the <code>sRGB</code> chunk.</p>
				2183
				2184	<p>The critical PNG chunks <code>IHDR</code>, <code>PLTE</code>,
				2185	<code>IDAT</code>, and <code>IEND</code> cannot be excluded. Any such
				2186	entries appearing in the list will be ignored.</p>
				2187
				2188	<p>If the ancillary PNG <code>tRNS</code> chunk is excluded and the
				2189	image has transparency, the PNG colortype is forced to be 4 or 6
				2190	(GRAY_ALPHA or RGBA). If the image is not transparent, then the
				2191	<code>tRNS</code> chunk isn't written anyhow, and there is no effect
				2192	on the PNG colortype of the output image.</p>
				2193
				2194	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> option does the equivalent of the
				2195	following for PNG output:</p>
				2196
				2197	<pre>
				2198	-define png:exclude-chunk=EXIF,iCCP,iTXt,sRGB,tEXt,zCCP,zTXt,date
				2199	</pre>
				2200
				2201	<p>The default behavior is to include all known PNG ancillary chunks
				2202	plus ImageMagick's private <code>vpAg</code> ("virtual page") chunk,
				2203	and to exclude all PNG chunks that are unknown to ImageMagick,
				2204	regardless of their PNG "copy-safe" status as described in the
				2205	PNG specification.</p>
				2206
				2207	<p>Any chunk names that are not known to ImageMagick are ignored
				2208	if they appear in either the "include-chunk" or "exclude-chunk" list.
				2209	The ancillary chunks currently known to ImageMagick are
				2210	<code>bKGD</code>, <code>cHRM</code>, <code>gAMA</code>, <code>iCCP</code>,
				2211	<code>oFFs</code>, <code>pHYs</code>, <code>sRGB</code>, <code>tEXt</code>,
				2212	<code>tRNS</code>, <code>vpAg</code>, and <code>zTXt</code>.</p>
				2213
				2214	<p>You can also put <code>date</code> in the list to include or exclude
				2215	the "Date:create" and "Date:modify" text chunks that ImageMagick normally
				2216	inserts in the output PNG.</p></td>
				2217	</tr>
				2218
				2219	<tr>
				2220	<td>png:preserve-colormap[=<var>true</var>]</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2221	<td>Use the existing image->colormap. Normally the PNG encoder will
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2222	try to optimize the palette, eliminating unused entries and putting
				2223	the transparent colors first. If this flag is set, that behavior
				2224	is suppressed.</td>
				2225	</tr>
				2226
				2227	<tr>
				2228	<td>png:preserve-iCCP[=<var>true</var>]</td>
				2229	<td>By default, the PNG decoder and encoder examine any ICC profile
				2230	that is present, either from an <code>iCCP</code> chunk in the PNG
				2231	input or supplied via an option, and if the profile is recognized
				2232	to be the sRGB profile, converts it to the <code>sRGB</code> chunk.
				2233	You can use <code>-define png:preserve-iCCP</code> to prevent
				2234	this from happening; in such cases the <code>iCCP</code> chunk
				2235	will be read or written and no <code>sRGB</code> chunk will be
				2236	written. There are some ICC profiles that claim to be sRGB but
				2237	have various errors that cause them to be rejected by libpng16; such
				2238	profiles are recognized anyhow and converted to the <code>sRGB</code>
				2239	chunk, but are rejected if the <code>-define png:preserve-iCCP</code>
				2240	is present. Note that not all "sRGB" ICC profiles are recognized
				2241	yet; we will add them to the list as we encounter them.</td>
				2242	</tr>
				2243
				2244	<tr>
				2245	<td>png:swap-bytes[=<var>true</var>]</td>
				2246	<td>The PNG specification requires that any multi-byte integers be stored in
				2247	network byte order (MSB-LSB endian). This option allows you to
				2248	fix any invalid PNG files that have 16-bit samples stored incorrectly
				2249	in little-endian order (LSB-MSB). The "-define png:swap-bytes" option
				2250	must appear before the input filename on the commandline. The swapping
				2251	is done during the libpng decoding operation.</td>
				2252	</tr>
				2253
				2254	<tr>
				2255	<td>profile:skip=<var>name1,name2,...</var></td>
				2256	<td>Skip the named profile[s] when reading the image. Use skip="*" to
				2257	skip all named profiles in the image. Many named profiles exist,
				2258	including ICC, EXIF, APP1, IPTC, XMP, and others.</td>
				2259	</tr>
				2260
				2261	<tr>
				2262	<td>ps:imagemask</td>
				2263	<td>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will
				2264	create Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript
				2265	imagemask operator instead of the image operator.</td>
				2266	</tr>
				2267
				2268	<tr>
				2269	<td>psd:alpha-unblend=off</td>
				2270	<td>Disables new automatic un-blending of transparency with the base image
				2271	for the flattened layer 0 before adding the alpha channel to the output
				2272	image. This define must be placed before the input psd image. (Available
				2273	as of IM 6.9.2.5). The automatic un-blending is new to IM 6.9.2.5 and
				2274	prevents the transparency from being applied twice in the output
				2275	image.</td>
				2276	</tr>
				2277
				2278	<tr>
				2279	<td>quantum:format=<var>type</var></td>
				2280	<td>Set the type to <code>floating-point</code> to specify a floating-point
				2281	format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:) or for MIFF and TIFF images in HDRI mode
				2282	to preserve negative values. If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 16 is
				2283	included, the result is a single precision floating point format.
				2284	If <a href="command-line-options.html#depth">-depth</a> 32 is included, the result is
				2285	double precision floating point format.</td>
				2286	</tr>
				2287
				2288	<tr>
				2289	<td>quantum:polarity=<var>photometric-interpretation</var></td>
				2290	<td>Set the photometric-interpretation of an image (typically for TIFF image
				2291	file format) to either <code>min-is-black</code> (default) or
				2292	<code>min-is-white</code>.</td>
				2293	</tr>
				2294
				2295	<tr>
				2296	<td>sample:offset=<var>geometry</var></td>
				2297	<td>Location of the sampling point within the sub-region being sampled,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2298	expressed as percentages (see <a href="command-line-options.html#sample" >-sample</a>).</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2299	</tr>
				2300
				2301	<tr>
				2302	<td>showkernel=<var>1</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2303	<td>Outputs (to 'standard error') all the information about a generated <a
				2304	href="command-line-options.html#morphology" >-morphology</a> kernel.</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2305	</tr>
				2306
				2307	<tr>
				2308	<td>stream:buffer-size=<var>value</var></td>
				2309	<td>Set the stream buffer size. Select 0 for unbuffered I/O.</td>
				2310	</tr>
				2311
				2312	<tr>
				2313	<td>tiff:alpha=<var>associated\|unassociated\|unspecified</var></td>
				2314	<td>Specify the alpha extra samples as associated, unassociated or unspecified </td>
				2315	</tr>
				2316
				2317	<tr>
				2318	<td>tiff:endian=<var>msb\|lsb</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2319	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2320	</tr>
				2321
				2322	<tr>
				2323	<td>tiff:exif-properties=<var>false</var></td>
				2324	<td>Skips reading the EXIF properties.</td>
				2325	</tr>
				2326
				2327	<tr>
				2328	<td>tiff:fill-order=<var>msb\|lsb</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2329	<td>&nbsp</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2330	</tr>
				2331
				2332	<tr>
				2333	<td>tiff:ignore-layers=<var>true</var></td>
				2334	<td>Ignores the photoshop layers.</td>
				2335	</tr>
				2336
				2337	<tr>
				2338	<td>tiff:ignore-tags=<var>comma-separate-list-of-tag-IDs</var></td>
				2339	<td>Allows one or more tag ID values to be ignored.</td>
				2340	</tr>
				2341
				2342	<tr>
				2343	<td>tiff:rows-per-strip=<var>value</var></td>
				2344	<td>Sets the number of rows per strip</td>
				2345	</tr>
				2346
				2347	<tr>
				2348	<td>tiff:tile-geometry=<var>WxH</var></td>
				2349	<td>Sets the tile size for pyramid tiffs. Requires the suffix
				2350	PTIF: before the outputname</td>
				2351	</tr>
				2352	</table>
				2353
				2354	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black
				2355	pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
				2356
				2357	<pre>
				2358	convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps
				2359	</pre>
				2360
				2361	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with
				2362	<code>registry:</code>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files,
				2363	use:</p>
				2364
				2365	<pre>
				2366	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				2367	</pre>
				2368
				2369	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2370	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="delay"></a>-delay <var>ticks</var> <br />-delay <var>ticks</var>x<var>ticks-per-second</var> {<var><</var>} {<var>></var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2371	</div>
				2372
				2373	<p class="magick-description">display the next image after pausing.</p>
				2374
				2375	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences
				2376	<var>ticks/ticks-per-second</var> seconds must expire before the display of the
				2377	next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image
				2378	sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				2379
				2380	<p>Use <code>></code> to change the image delay <var>only</var> if its current
				2381	value exceeds the given delay. <code><</code> changes the image delay
				2382	<var>only</var> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if
				2383	you specify <code>30></code> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does
				2384	not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed
				2385	to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the
				2386	<code><</code> or <code>></code> from being interpreted by your shell as
				2387	a file redirection.</p>
				2388
				2389
				2390	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2391	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="delete"></a>-delete <var>indexes</var></h3>
				2392	</div>
				2393
				2394	<p class="magick-description">delete the images specified by index, from the image sequence.</p>
				2395
				2396	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				2397	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1
				2398	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with
				2399	a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use
				2400	<code>+delete</code> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				2401
				2402
				2403	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2404	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="density"></a>-density <var>width</var><br />-density <var>width</var>x<var>height</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2405	</div>
				2406
				2407	<p class="magick-description">Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</p>
				2408
				2409	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster
				2410	image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such
				2411	as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution
				2412	provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2413	raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a
				2414	href="command-line-options.html#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2415	instead.</p>
				2416
				2417	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one
				2418	point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are
				2419	normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300,
				2420	600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use
				2421	a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the
				2422	number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				2423
				2424	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the
				2425	stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image
				2426	resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not
				2427	stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using
				2428	its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard
				2429	file header.</p>
				2430
				2431	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option sets an <var>attribute</var> and
				2432	does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the
				2433	rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied
				2434	to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different
				2435	resolution, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				2436
				2437	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2438	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="depth"></a>-depth <var>value</var></h3>
				2439	</div>
				2440
				2441	<p class="magick-description">depth of the image.</p>
				2442
				2443	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option
				2444	to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB,
				2445	or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				2446
				2447	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2448	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="descend"></a>-descend</h3>
				2449	</div>
				2450
				2451	<p class="magick-description">obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</p>
				2452
				2453	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2454	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="deskew"></a>-deskew <var>threshold{%}</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2455	</div>
				2456
				2457	<p class="magick-description">straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</p>
				2458
				2459	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> <code>option:deskew:auto-crop
				2460	<var>width</var></code> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel
				2461	width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				2462
				2463	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2464	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h3>
				2465	</div>
				2466
				2467	<p class="magick-description">reduce the speckles within an image.</p>
				2468
				2469	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2470	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="direction"></a>-direction <var>type</var></h3>
				2471	</div>
				2472
				2473	<p class="magick-description">render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</p>
				2474
				2475	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2476	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="displace"></a>-displace <var>horizontal-scale</var>{%}{!}<br />-displace <var>horizontal-scale</var>x<var>vertical-scale</var>{%}{!}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2477	</div>
				2478
				2479	<p class="magick-description">shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</p>
				2480
				2481	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
				2482	is used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
				2483	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				2484	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				2485	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				2486	behind it. </p>
				2487
				2488	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				2489	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				2490	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				2491	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				2492
				2493	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				2494	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				2495	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				2496	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				2497	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				2498	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				2499	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				2500
				2501	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				2502	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
				2503	it is also possible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
				2504	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
				2505	easily copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
				2506	into the overlay area. </p>
				2507
				2508	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				2509	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				2510	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				2511	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				2512
				2513	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				2514	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
				2515	displacements can occur (positively or negatively). However, if you also
				2516	specify a third image which is normally used as a <var>mask</var>,
				2517	the <var>composite image</var> is used for horizontal X
				2518	displacement, while the <var>mask image</var> is used for vertical Y
				2519	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				2520	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				2521	the <var>scale</var> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
				2522	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimensional displacements, rather
				2523	than a simple 1 dimensional vector displacements. </p>
				2524
				2525	<p>Alternatively rather than supplying two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
				2526	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				2527	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				2528	</p>
				2529
				2530	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image is used as a
				2531	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				2532	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				2533
				2534
				2535	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2536	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="display"></a>-display <var>host:display[.screen]</var></h3>
				2537	</div>
				2538
				2539	<p class="magick-description">Specifies the X server to contact.</p>
				2540
				2541	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this
				2542	X server. See <var>X(1)</var>.</p>
				2543
				2544	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2545	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dispose"></a>-dispose <var>method</var></h3>
				2546	</div>
				2547
				2548	<p class="magick-description">define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </p>
				2549
				2550	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				2551	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				2552	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				2553	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				2554
				2555	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				2556
				2557	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				2558	<dt>Undefined</dt><dd>0: No disposal specified (equivalent to '<code>none</code>').</dd>
				2559	<dt>None</dt><dd>1: Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.</dd>
				2560	<dt>Background</dt><dd>2: Clear the frame area with the background color.</dd>
				2561	<dt>Previous</dt><dd>3: Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.</dd>
				2562	</dl>
				2563
				2564	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				2565	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				2566
				2567	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list dispose</a>.</p>
				2568
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2569	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2570	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				2571
				2572	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>dispose</code>' method to set the image
				2573	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				2574
				2575	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2576	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <var>value</var></h3>
				2577	</div>
				2578
				2579	<p class="magick-description">maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</p>
				2580
				2581
				2582	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2583	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <var>src_percent</var>[x<var>dst_percent</var>]</h3>
				2584	</div>
				2585
				2586	<p class="magick-description">dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</p>
				2587
				2588	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				2589	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <var>src_percent</var>
				2590	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it becomes
				2591	transparent at a value of '<code>200</code>'. If both percentages
				2592	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				2593
				2594	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				2595	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				2596	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				2597
				2598	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2599	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="distort"></a>-distort <var>method arguments</var></h3>
				2600	</div>
				2601
				2602	<p class="magick-description">distort an image, using the given <var>method</var> and its required <var>arguments</var>.</p>
				2603
				2604	<p>The <var>arguments</var> is a single string containing a list
				2605	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				2606	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <var>method</var> being used. </p>
				2607
				2608	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				2609
				2610	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				2611	<tr>
				2612	<th style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				2613	<th>Description</th>
				2614	</tr>
				2615
				2616	<tr>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2617	<td>ScaleRotateTranslate <br/> SRT</td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2618	<td>
				2619	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				2620	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				2621	is an alternative method of specifying a 'Affine' type of
				2622	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				2623	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2624	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2625
				2626	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2627	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2628
				2629	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				2630	<dt>2:</dt><dd><var>Scale Angle</var></dd>
				2631	<dt>3:</dt><dd><var>X,Y Angle</var></dd>
				2632	<dt>4:</dt><dd><var>X,Y Scale Angle</var></dd>
				2633	<dt>5:</dt> <dd><var>X,Y ScaleX,ScaleY Angle</var></dd>
				2634	<dt>6:</dt> <dd><var>X,Y Scale Angle NewX,NewY</var></dd>
				2635	<dt>7:</dt> <dd><var>X,Y ScaleX,ScaleY Angle NewX,NewY</var></dd>
				2636	</dl>
				2637
				2638	This is actually an alternative way of specifying a 2 dimensional linear
				2639	'Affine' or 'AffineProjection' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2640
				2641	<tr>
				2642	<td>Affine</td>
				2643	<td>
				2644	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
				2645	of control points (as defined below). Ideally 3 sets or 12 floating
				2646	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2647	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2648	also the related 'AffineProjection' and 'SRT'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2649	distortions. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2650
				2651	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				2652	squares fitted to best match a linear affine distortion. If only 2
				2653	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
				2654	rotation and scaling is performed, without any possible shearing,
				2655	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2656	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2657	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2658
				2659	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2660	</td>
				2661
				2662	</tr>
				2663
				2664	<tr>
				2665	<td>AffineProjection</td>
				2666	<td>
				2667	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2668	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2669	the source image to the destination image.
				2670
				2671	<p class="text-center"><var>
				2672	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2673	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2674	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2675	</var></p>
				2676
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2677	See <a href="command-line-options.html#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2678	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2679
				2680	The distortions 'Affine' and 'SRT' provide
				2681	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing
				2682	the calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2683	see the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a
				2684	href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting with those other variants. </td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2685
				2686	</tr>
				2687
				2688	<tr>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2689	<td>BilinearForward<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2690	BilinearReverse</td>
				2691	<td>
				2692	Bilinear Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of coordinate pairs, or
				2693	16 values (see below). Not that lines may not appear straight after
				2694	distortion, though the distance between coordinates will remain
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2695	consistent. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2696
				2697	The 'BilinearForward' is used to map rectangles to any
				2698	quadrilateral, while the 'BilinearReverse' form maps any
				2699	quadrilateral to a rectangle, while preserving the straight line edges
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2700	in each case. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2701
				2702	Note that 'BilinearForward' can generate invalid pixels
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2703	which will be colored using the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2704	color setting. Also if the quadrilateral becomes 'flipped' the image
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2705	may disappear. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2706
				2707	There are future plans to produce a true Bilinear distortion that will
				2708	attempt to map any quadrilateral to any other quadrilateral, while
				2709	preserving edges (and edge distance ratios).
				2710
				2711	</td>
				2712	</tr>
				2713
				2714	<tr>
				2715	<td>Perspective</td>
				2716	<td>
				2717	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2718	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2719	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				2720	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panorama
				2721	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a 'Affine'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2722	linear distortion. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2723
				2724	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2725	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2726	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2727	<a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2728	</tr>
				2729
				2730	<tr>
				2731	<td>PerspectiveProjection </td>
				2732	<td>
				2733	Do a 'Perspective' distortion biased on a set of 8
				2734	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2735	at the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2736	'Perspective' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				2737	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2738	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2739
				2740	</tr>
				2741
				2742	<tr>
				2743	<td>Arc</td>
				2744	<td>
				2745	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2746	a circle.
				2747
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2748	<p><dl class="dl-horizontal">
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2749	<dt>arc_angle</dt>
				2750	<dd>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</dd>
				2751	<dt>rotate_angle</dt>
				2752	<dd>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</dd>
				2753	<dt>top_radius</dt>
				2754	<dd>Set top edge of source image at this radius</dd>
				2755	<dt>bottom_radius </dt>
				2756	<dd>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</dd>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2757	</dl></p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2758
				2759	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2760	(as if using <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2761	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2762	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2763	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2764
				2765	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2766	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2767	conversion. </td>
				2768	</tr>
				2769
				2770	<tr>
				2771	<td>Polar</td>
				2772	<td>
				2773	Like 'Arc' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2774	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2775	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2776	angle limits. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2777
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2778	Arguments: <var>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</var> <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2779
				2780	All arguments are optional. With <var>Rmin</var> defaulting to zero, the
				2781	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2782	to +180 (top). If <var>Rmax</var> is given the special value of
				2783	'0', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2784	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2785	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2786	'-1' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2787	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2788	but will generate the exact reverse of a 'DePolar' with
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2789	the same arguments. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2790
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2791	If the plus form of distort (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2792	output image center will default to 0,0 of the virtual
				2793	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2794	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2795
				2796	</tr>
				2797
				2798	<tr>
				2799	<td>DePolar</td>
				2800	<td>
				2801	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a 'Polar' distortion
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2802	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2803
				2804	The special <var>Rmax</var> setting of '0' may however clip
				2805	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2806	<var>Rmax</var> setting of '-1' (maximum center to corner
				2807	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2808	generated result, so that the same argument to 'Polar' will
				2809	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2810
				2811	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2812	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
				2813	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recommended some
				2814	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2815	a high quality result. </td>
				2816
				2817	</tr>
				2818
				2819	<tr>
				2820	<td>Barrel</td>
				2821	<td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2822	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
				2823	href="http://wiki.panotools.org/Lens_correction_model" >Helmut
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2824	Dersch</a>, perform a barrel or pin-cushion distortion appropriate to
				2825	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2826	lines straight again. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2827
				2828	<p class="text-center">Arguments: <var>A B C</var> [ <var>D</var> [
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2829	<var>X</var> , <var>Y</var> ] ] <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2830	or <var>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2831	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></var>
				2832	[ <var>X</var> , <var>Y</var> ] </p>
				2833	So that it forms the function
				2834	<p class="text-center">Rsrc = r * ( <var>A</var>r<sup>3</sup> + <var>B</var>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2835	<var>C</var>*r + <var>D</var> )</p>
				2836
				2837	Where <var>X</var>,<var>Y</var> is the optional center of the distortion
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2838	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2839	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2840	correct lens distortions. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2841	</td>
				2842
				2843	</tr>
				2844
				2845	<tr>
				2846	<td>BarrelInverse</td>
				2847	<td>
				2848	This is very similar to 'Barrel' with the same set of
				2849	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2850	of the radial polynomial,
				2851	so that it forms the function
				2852	<p class="text-center">Rsrc = r / ( <var>A</var>r<sup>3</sup> + <var>B</var>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2853	<var>C</var>*r + <var>D</var> )</p>
				2854	Note that this is not the reverse of the 'Barrel'
				2855	distortion, just a different barrel-like radial distortion method.
				2856
				2857	</td>
				2858	</tr>
				2859
				2860	<tr>
				2861	<td>Shepards</td>
				2862	<td>
				2863	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2864	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
				2865	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shepard%27s_method" >Shepards
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2866	Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized' displacement
				2867	of the image around the given control point (preserving the look and
				2868	the rotation of the area near the control points. For best results
				2869	extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of the
				2870	corners, edges and other unchanging parts of the image, to prevent
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2871	their movement. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2872
				2873	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, or
				2874	pins' stuck in a block of 'jelly' which is then moved to the new
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2875	position, distorting the surface of the jelly. <br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2876
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2877	Internally it is equivalent to generating a displacement map (see <a
				2878	href="command-line-options.html#displace" >-displace</a>) for source image color look-up using
				2879	the <a href="command-line-options.html#sparse-color" >-sparse-color</a> method of the same name.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2880
				2881	</td>
				2882	</tr>
				2883
				2884	</table>
				2885
				2886	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				2887	distort</a>.</p>
				2888
				2889	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<code>Affine</code>',
				2890	'<code>Perspective</code>', and '<code>Shepards</code>' use a list control points
				2891	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2892	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2893	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2894	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2895	<p class="text-center"><var>
				2896	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2897	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2898	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2899	...
				2900	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2901	</var></p>
				2902	<p>where <var>U,V</var> on the source image is mapped to <var>X,Y</var> on the
				2903	destination image. </p>
				2904
				2905	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion,
				2906	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2907	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2908	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2909	understand.</p>
				2910
				2911	<pre>
				2912	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \
				2913	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \
				2914	rose_3d_rotated.gif"
				2915	</pre>
				2916
				2917	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for
				2918	a distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to produce the
				2919	best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the ideal number
				2920	of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a simpler form of
				2921	distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates (usually a linear
				2922	'<code>Affine</code>' distortion). </p>
				2923
				2924	<p>By using more coordinates you can make use of image registration tool to
				2925	find matching coordinate pairs in overlapping images, so as to improve the
				2926	'fit' of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the
				2927	'fit' worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
				2928
				2929	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to a cylindrical
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2930	resampling <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a>, using a special technique known as
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2931	EWA resampling. This produces very high quality results, especially when
				2932	images become smaller (minified) in the output, which is very common when
				2933	using '<code>perspective</code>' distortion. For example here we view
				2934	a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the way to the horizon. </p>
				2935
				2936	<pre>
				2937	convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \
				2938	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \
				2939	checks_tiled.jpg
				2940	</pre>
				2941
				2942	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2943	be very slow, because of the number of pixels that are compressed to generate
				2944	each individual pixel close to the 'horizon'. You can turn off EWA
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2945	resampling, by specifying the special <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting of
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2946	'<code>point</code>' (recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead).
				2947	</p>
				2948
				2949	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2950	example, <a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> will use the current <a
				2951	href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these pixels. If you do not
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2952	what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match the rest of the
				2953	ground. </p>
				2954
				2955	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2956	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
				2957	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you use
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2958	the plus form of the operator (<a href="command-line-options.html#distort" >+distort</a>) the operator
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2959	will attempt (if possible) to show the whole of the distorted image, while
				2960	retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This offset
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2961	may need to be removed using <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove if it
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2962	is unwanted. </p>
				2963
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2964	<p>Setting <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2965	href="command-line-options.html#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2966	and the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2967	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2968
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2969	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define"
				2970	>-define</a> distort:viewport={geometry_string}</code>" setting which will
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2971	specify the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the
				2972	distorted image space.</p>
				2973
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2974	<p>Setting a "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a>
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2975	distort:scale=<var>scale_factor</var></code>" will scale the output image (viewport or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2976	otherwise) by that factor without changing the viewed contents of the
				2977	distorted image. This can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for
				2978	a higher quality result, or for panning and zooming around the image (with
				2979	appropriate viewport changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2980
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	2981	<p>Setting "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> resample:verbose=1</code>"
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	2982	will output the cylindrical filter lookup table created by the EWA (Elliptical
				2983	Weighted Average) resampling algorithm. Note this table uses a squared radius
				2984	lookup value. This is typically only used for debugging EWA resampling. </p>
				2985
				2986
				2987	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2988	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="distribute-cache"></a>-distribute-cache <var>port</var></h3>
				2989	</div>
				2990
				2991	<p class="magick-description">launch a distributed pixel cache server. </p>
				2992
				2993	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2994	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="dither"></a>-dither <var>method</var></h3>
				2995	</div>
				2996
				2997	<p class="magick-description">Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to
				2998	images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically
				2999	when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default.</p>
				3000
				3001	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighboring pixels so that to the
				3002	eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This
				3003	reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of
				3004	a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of
				3005	colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
				3006
				3007	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				3008	setting, <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				3009	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				3010	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				3011	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				3012	color gradients. </p>
				3013
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3014	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				3015	href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a
				3016	href="command-line-options.html#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3017	color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic
				3018	color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such
				3019	as <code>GIF:</code>, <code>XBM:</code>, and others, so dithering may also be used
				3020	in these cases. </p>
				3021
				3022	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="command-line-options.html#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3023	to generate purely random dither. Or use <a
				3024	href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3025	patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				3026
				3027
				3028	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3029	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="draw"></a>-draw <var>string</var></h3>
				3030	</div>
				3031
				3032	<p class="magick-description">Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</p>
				3033
				3034	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic
				3035	primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel
				3036	operations.</p>
				3037
				3038	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				3039
				3040	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3041	<dt>point</dt><dd> x,y</dd>
				3042	<dt>line</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd>
				3043	<dt>rectangle</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd>
				3044	<dt>roundRectangle</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc</dd>
				3045	<dt>arc</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1</dd>
				3046	<dt>ellipse</dt><dd> x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1</dd>
				3047	<dt>circle</dt><dd> x0,y0 x1,y1</dd>
				3048	<dt>polyline</dt><dd> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd>
				3049	<dt>polygon</dt><dd> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd>
				3050	<dt>bezier</dt><dd> x0,y0 ... xn,yn</dd>
				3051	<dt>path</dt><dd>specification </dd>
				3052	<dt>image</dt><dd> operator x0,y0 w,h filename</dd>
				3053	</dl>
				3054
				3055	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				3056
				3057	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3058	<dt>text</dt><dd>x0,y0 string</dd>
				3059	</dl>
				3060	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				3061
				3062	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3063	<dt>gravity</dt><dd>NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast</dd>
				3064	</dl>
				3065
				3066	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3067	interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a
				3068	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3069	scope to the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				3070
				3071	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				3072
				3073	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3074	<dt>rotate</dt><dd>degrees</dd>
				3075	<dt>translate</dt><dd>dx,dy</dd>
				3076	<dt>scale</dt><dd>sx,sy</dd>
				3077	<dt>skewX</dt><dd>degrees</dd>
				3078	<dt>skewY</dt><dd>degrees</dd>
				3079	</dl>
				3080
				3081	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				3082
				3083	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				3084	<dt>color</dt><dd>x0,y0 method</dd>
				3085	<dt>matte</dt><dd>x0,y0 method</dd>
				3086	</dl>
				3087
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3088	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a
				3089	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a
				3090	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the
				3091	"outline" of a shape) with the <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a
				3092	href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3093
				3094	<p>A <code>point</code> primitive is specified by a single <var>point</var> in the
				3095	pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates,
				3096	<var>x</var>,<var>y</var>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <code>point</code>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3097	primitive is not affected by <a href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a
				3098	href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3099
				3100	<p>A <code>line</code> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				3101
				3102	<p>A <code>rectangle</code> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the
				3103	upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				3104
				3105	<p>A <code>roundRectangle</code> primitive takes the same corner points as
				3106	a <code>rectangle</code> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners
				3107	to be removed.</p>
				3108
				3109	<p>The <code>circle</code> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled).
				3110	Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				3111
				3112	<p>The <code>arc</code> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in
				3113	to a given rectangle. An <code>arc</code> requires the two corners used for
				3114	<code>rectangle</code> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the
				3115	arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end
				3116	points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment
				3117	of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				3118
				3119	<p>Use <code>ellipse</code> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the
				3120	center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <var>semi-axes</var> of
				3121	the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150
				3122	0,360).</p>
				3123
				3124	<p>The <code>polyline</code> and <code>polygon</code> primitives require three or
				3125	more points to define their perimeters. A <code>polyline</code> is simply
				3126	a <code>polygon</code> in which the final point is not stroked to the start
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3127	point. When unfilled, this is a <var>polygonal line</var>. If the <a
				3128	href="command-line-options.html#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <code>none</code> (the default), then
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3129	a <code>polyline</code> is identical to a <code>polygon</code>. </p>
				3130
				3131	<p>A <var>coordinate</var> is a pair of integers separated by a space or
				3132	optional comma. </p>
				3133
				3134	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to
				3135	150,150 use:</p>
				3136
				3137	<pre>
				3138	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				3139	</pre>
				3140
				3141	<p>The <code>Bezier</code> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three
				3142	or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the
				3143	<var>knots</var> and these points are attained by the curve, while any
				3144	intermediate coordinates are <var>control points</var>. If two control points
				3145	are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective
				3146	control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If
				3147	one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one
				3148	control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If
				3149	more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points
				3150	act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order
				3151	to draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the
				3152	<code>path</code> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with
				3153	the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				3154
				3155	<pre>
				3156	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				3157	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				3158	</pre>
				3159
				3160	<p>A <code>path</code> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of
				3161	moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw
				3162	a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the
				3163	current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths
				3164	(i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by
				3165	one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3166	<var>donut holes</var> in objects. (See <a
				3167	href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3168
				3169	<p>Use <code>image</code> to composite an image with another image. Follow the
				3170	image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and
				3171	filename:</p>
				3172
				3173	<pre>
				3174	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				3175	</pre>
				3176
				3177	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual
				3178	dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given
				3179	dimensions. See <a href="compose.html">Alpha Compositing</a> for
				3180	a detailed discussion of alpha composition methods that are available. </p>
				3181
				3182	<p>The "special augmented compose operators" such as "dissolve" that require
				3183	arguments cannot be used at present with the <code>-draw image</code> option.
				3184	</p>
				3185
				3186	<p>Use <code>text</code> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text
				3187	coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in
				3188	single or double quotes.</p>
				3189
				3190	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <code>Works like
				3191	magick!</code> for an image titled <code>bird.miff</code>. </p>
				3192
				3193	<pre>
				3194	-draw "text 100,100 'Works like magick!' "
				3195	</pre>
				3196
				3197	<p>See the <a href="command-line-options.html#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way
				3198	to annotate an image with text.</p>
				3199
				3200	<p>The <code>rotate</code> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3201	text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a
				3202	href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3203	option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the
				3204	region.</p>
				3205
				3206	<p>The <code>translate</code> primitive translates subsequent shape and text
				3207	primitives.</p>
				3208
				3209	<p>The <code>scale</code> primitive scales them.</p>
				3210
				3211	<p>The <code>skewX</code> and <code>skewY</code> primitives skew them with respect
				3212	to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				3213
				3214	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized
				3215	from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a>
				3216	option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a>
				3217	option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed
				3218	by the appearance of another <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option. If another
				3219	<a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is
				3220	reinitialized from the initial affine matrix.</p>
				3221
				3222	<p>Use the <code>color</code> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the
				3223	fill color (see <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with
				3224	a method:</p>
				3225
				3226	<pre>
				3227	point
				3228	replace
				3229	floodfill
				3230	filltoborder
				3231	reset
				3232	</pre>
				3233
				3234	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The
				3235	<code>point</code> method recolors the target pixel. The <code>replace</code>
				3236	method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
				3237	<code>Floodfill</code> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target
				3238	pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code> recolors any neighbor
				3239	pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <code>reset</code> recolors all
				3240	pixels.</p>
				3241
				3242	<p>Use <code>matte</code> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent.
				3243	Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <code>color</code> primitive
				3244	for a description of methods). The <code>point</code> method changes the matte
				3245	value of the target pixel. The <code>replace</code> method changes the matte
				3246	value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel.
				3247	<code>Floodfill</code> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the
				3248	color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <code>filltoborder</code>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3249	changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a
				3250	href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <code>reset</code> changes the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3251	matte value of all pixels.</p>
				3252
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3253	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a
				3254	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#box">-box</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3255	respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use
				3256	these options <var>before</var> the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				3257
				3258	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather
				3259	than 1.png).</p>
				3260
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3261	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="magick-vector-graphics.html" >Magick
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3262	Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				3263
				3264
				3265	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3266	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="duplicate"></a>-duplicate <var>count,indexes</var></h3>
				3267	</div>
				3268
				3269	<p class="magick-description">duplicate an image one or more times.</p>
				3270
				3271	<p>Specify the count and the image to duplicate by its index in the sequence.
				3272	The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the
				3273	sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify
				3274	a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g.
				3275	0,2). Use <code>+duplicate</code> to duplicate the last image in the current
				3276	image sequence.</p>
				3277
				3278	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3279	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="edge"></a>-edge <var>radius</var></h3>
				3280	</div>
				3281
				3282	<p class="magick-description">detect edges within an image.</p>
				3283
				3284	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3285	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="emboss"></a>-emboss <var>radius</var></h3>
				3286	</div>
				3287
				3288	<p class="magick-description">emboss an image.</p>
				3289
				3290	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3291	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="encipher"></a>-encipher <var>filename</var></h3>
				3292	</div>
				3293
				3294	<p class="magick-description">Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="command-line-options.html#decipher">-decipher</a>.</p>
				3295
				3296	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <var>filename</var>.</p>
				3297
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3298	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a
				3299	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3300	Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				3301
				3302
				3303
				3304	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3305	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="encoding"></a>-encoding <var>type</var></h3>
				3306	</div>
				3307
				3308	<p class="magick-description">specify the text encoding.</p>
				3309
				3310	<p>Choose from</p>
				3311
				3312	<pre>
				3313	AdobeCustom AdobeExpert
				3314	AdobeStandard AppleRoman
				3315	BIG5 GB2312
				3316	Latin 2 None
				3317	SJIScode Symbol
				3318	Unicode Wansung
				3319	</pre>
				3320
				3321	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3322	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="endian"></a>-endian <var>type</var></h3>
				3323	</div>
				3324
				3325	<p class="magick-description">Specify endianness (<code>MSB</code> or <code>LSB</code>) of the image.</p>
				3326
				3327	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				3328
				3329	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				3330
				3331
				3332	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3333	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h3>
				3334	</div>
				3335
				3336	<p class="magick-description">Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</p>
				3337
				3338
				3339	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3340	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h3>
				3341	</div>
				3342
				3343	<p class="magick-description">perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</p>
				3344
				3345	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the
				3346	image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then
				3347	equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				3348
				3349	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <code>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness
				3350	-equalize -colorspace RGB</code> ...</p>
				3351
				3352	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal
				3353	components transformation that puts most of the information in the first
				3354	channel. Here we have ... <code>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize
				3355	-colorspace RGB</code> ...</p>
				3356
				3357	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3358	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <var>operator value</var></h3>
				3359	</div>
				3360
				3361	<p class="magick-description">Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</p>
				3362
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3363	<p>(See the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator for some
				3364	multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3365	elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				3366
				3367	<p>The behaviors of each <var>operator</var> are summarized in the
				3368	following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to
				3369	below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while
				3370	a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum
				3371	(installation-dependent) value <var>QuantumRange</var>. (If
				3372	normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other
				3373	calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <var>QuantumRange</var>.)</p>
				3374
				3375	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3376	<col width="25%" />
				3377	<col width="75%" />
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3378	<thead>
				3379	<tr>
				3380	<th><var>operator</var></th>
				3381	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				3382	</tr>
				3383	</thead>
				3384	<tbody>
				3385
				3386	<tr><td>Abs </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels and return absolute value. </td></tr>
				3387	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels. </td></tr>
				3388	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <var>value</var> to pixels modulo <var>QuantumRange</var>.</td></tr>
				3389	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3390	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <var>value</var> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				3391	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3392	<tr><td>Exp </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				3393	<tr><td>Exponential </td> <td>base-e exponential function</td></tr>
				3394	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <var>value</var> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><var>value</var></sup>).</td></tr>
				3395	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				3396	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Set pixels to maximum of <var>value</var> and current pixel <var>value</var> (i.e. set any pixels currently less than <var>value</var> to <var>value</var>).</td></tr>
				3397	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <var>value</var> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
				3398	<tr><td>Median </td> <td>Choose the median value from an image sequence.</td></tr>
				3399	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Set pixels to minimum of <var>value</var> and current pixel <var>value</var> (i.e. set any pixels currently greater than <var>value</var> to <var>value</var>).</td></tr>
				3400	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3401	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3402	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3403	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <var>value</var> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><var>value</var></sup>).</td></tr>
				3404	<tr><td>RMS</td> <td>Square the pixel and add the <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3405	<tr><td>RootMeanSquare</td> <td>Square the pixel and add the <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3406	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3407	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <var>value</var> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				3408	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <var>value</var> from pixels.</td></tr>
				3409	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <var>value.</var></td></tr>
				3410
				3411	<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
				3412
				3413	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3414	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3415	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3416	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="command-line-options.html#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3417	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3418	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td><td> </td></tr>
				3419
				3420	<tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr>
				3421
				3422	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3423	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <var>value</var>.</td></tr>
				3424	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <var>value</var>. </td></tr>
				3425	</tbody>
				3426	</table>
				3427
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3428	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				3429	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3430	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				3431	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				3432	<code>Divide</code> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				3433	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<code>%</code>' to specify a value
				3434	as a percentage of the <var>QuantumRange</var>.</p>
				3435
				3436	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				3437	<a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				3438
				3439	<p>The results of the <code>Add</code>, <code>Subtract</code> and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3440	<code>Multiply</code> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				3441	href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >+level</a> operator, with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3442	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3443	Please note, however, that <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				3444	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="command-line-options.html#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3445	'alpha' values.</p>
				3446
				3447	<p><code>AddModulus</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides
				3448	addition modulo the <var>QuantumRange</var>. It is therefore
				3449	equivalent to <code>Add</code> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the
				3450	interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. </p>
				3451
				3452	<p><code>Exp or Exponential</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.6.5-1 and
				3453	works on normalized pixel values. The <var>value</var> used with
				3454	<code>Exp</code> should be negative so as to produce a decaying exponential
				3455	function. Non-negative values will always produce results larger unity and
				3456	thus outside the interval [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>]. The
				3457	formula is expressed below. </p>
				3458
				3459	<p class="text-center">
				3460	exp(<var>value</var> × <b><var>u</var></b>)
				3461	</p>
				3462
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3463	<p> If the input image is squared, for example, using <a href="command-line-options.html#-function"
				3464	>-function polynomial "2 0 0"</a>, then a decaying Gaussian function will be
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3465	the result.</p>
				3466
				3467	<p><code>Log</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on
				3468	normalized pixel values. This a <var>scaled</var> log function. The <var>value</var> used with <code>Log</code> provides a <var>scaling
				3469	factor</var> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The
				3470	formula applied to a normalized value <b><var>u</var></b> is below. </p>
				3471
				3472	<p class="text-center">
				3473	log(<var>value</var> × <b><var>u</var></b> + 1) / log(<var>value</var> + 1)
				3474	</p>
				3475
				3476	<p><code>Pow</code> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3477	normalized pixel values. Note that <code>Pow</code> is related to the <a
				3478	href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3479	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3480	with <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3481	with <code>Pow</code>.</p>
				3482
				3483	<p><code>Cosine</code> and <code>Sine</code> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				3484	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				3485	The synonyms <code>Cos</code> and <code>Sin</code> may also be used. The output
				3486	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				3487	range. The <var>value</var> scaling of the <var>period</var> of the
				3488	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				3489	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <var>value</var> is 1, the effective period is simply the <var>QuantumRange</var>; but if the <var>value</var> is 2,
				3490	then the effective period is the <var>half</var> the <var>QuantumRange</var>.</p>
				3491
				3492	<p class="text-center">
				3493	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><var>u</var></b> × <var>value</var>).
				3494	</p>
				3495
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3496	<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3497	multi-value version of evaluate. </p>
				3498
				3499	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3500	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <var>operator</var></h3>
				3501	</div>
				3502
				3503	<p class="magick-description">Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or
				3504	logical expression over a sequence of images.</p>
				3505
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3506	<p>To print a complete list of <a
				3507	href="command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">-evaluate-sequence</a> operators, use <a
				3508	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3509
				3510	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3511	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="extent"></a>-extent <var>geometry</var></h3>
				3512	</div>
				3513
				3514	<p class="magick-description">Set the image size and offset.</p>
				3515
				3516	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color.
				3517	To position the image, use offsets in the <var>geometry</var>
				3518	specification or precede with a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3519	specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="command-line-options.html#compose"
				3520	>-compose</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3521
				3522	<p>This command reduces or expands a JPEG image to fit on an 800x600
				3523	display. If the aspect ratio of the input image isn't exactly 4:3, then the
				3524	image is centered on an 800x600 black canvas: </p>
				3525
				3526	<pre>
				3527	convert input.jpg -resize 800x600 -background black -compose Copy \
				3528	-gravity center -extent 800x600 -quality 92 output.jpg
				3529	</pre>
				3530
				3531	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3532
				3533	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3534	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="extract"></a>-extract <var>geometry</var></h3>
				3535	</div>
				3536
				3537	<p class="magick-description">Extract the specified area from image.</p>
				3538
				3539	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw
				3540	image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				3541
				3542	<pre>
				3543	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \
				3544	image.rgb image.png",
				3545	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \
				3546	image.rgb image.png"
				3547	</pre>
				3548
				3549	<p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
				3550
				3551	<pre>
				3552	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \
				3553	image.rgb image.png
				3554	</pre>
				3555
				3556	<p>the image is <var>resized</var> to the specified dimensions instead,
				3557	equivalent to:</p>
				3558
				3559	<pre>
				3560	convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png
				3561	</pre>
				3562
				3563	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3564
				3565	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3566	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="family"></a>-family <var>fontFamily</var></h3>
				3567	</div>
				3568
				3569	<p class="magick-description">Set a font family for text.</p>
				3570
				3571	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for
				3572	rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font
				3573	(e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g.,
				3574	"Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found). </p>
				3575
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3576	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				3577	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a
				3578	href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3579
				3580	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3581	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="features"></a>-features <var>distance</var></h3>
				3582	</div>
				3583
				3584	<p class="magick-description">display (co-occurrence matrix) texture measure features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</p>
				3585
				3586	<pre>
				3587	Angular Second Moment Sum Entropy
				3588	Contrast Entropy
				3589	Correlation Difference Variance
				3590	Sum of Squares Variance Difference Entropy
				3591	Inverse Difference Moment Information Measure of Correlation 1
				3592	Sum Average Information Measure of Correlation 2
				3593	Sum Variance Maximum Correlation Coefficient
				3594	</pre>
				3595
				3596	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3597	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fft"></a>-fft</h3>
				3598	</div>
				3599
				3600	<p class="magick-description">implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</p>
				3601
				3602	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows
				3603	users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal
				3604	(spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is
				3605	represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying
				3606	amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along
				3607	the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are
				3608	complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for
				3609	example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier
				3610	Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier
				3611	Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier
				3612	Transform</a>.</p>
				3613
				3614	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the
				3615	output result will have two components. It is either a two-frame image or two
				3616	separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports
				3617	multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the
				3618	frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be
				3619	visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated
				3620	into a two-component image representation. The first component is the
				3621	magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3622	number. See for example, <a
				3623	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers">Complex Numbers</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3624
				3625	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image
				3626	formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF,
				3627	PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these
				3628	formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				3629
				3630	<pre>
				3631	convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff
				3632	</pre>
				3633
				3634	<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image.miff[0]</code> and a phase
				3635	image as <code>fft_image.miff[1]</code>. Similarly,</p>
				3636
				3637	<pre>
				3638	convert image.png -fft fft_image.png
				3639	</pre>
				3640
				3641	<p>generates a magnitude image as <code>fft_image-0.png</code> and a phase image
				3642	as <code>fft_image-1.png</code>. If you prefer this representation, then you can
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3643	force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a
				3644	href="command-line-options.html#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3645
				3646	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it
				3647	is padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input
				3648	image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom
				3649	and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3650	phase images is square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a
				3651	href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3652
				3653	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within
				3654	[0, <var>QuantumRange</var>], so that HDRI need not be enabled.
				3655	Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but is scaled to span the full
				3656	dynamic range. (The first few releases had non-HDRI scaled but HDRI not
				3657	scaled). The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain
				3658	very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In
				3659	order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log
				3660	function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to
				3661	enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can
				3662	be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				3663
				3664	<pre>
				3665	convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \
				3666	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png"
				3667	</pre>
				3668
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3669	<p>where either <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 or <a
				3670	href="command-line-options.html#auto-level">-auto-level</a> is used to scale the image to full dynamic
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3671	range, first. The argument to the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log
				3672	typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of
				3673	detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more
				3674	visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				3675
				3676	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to
				3677	use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>.</p>
				3678
				3679	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real
				3680	and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				3681
				3682	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values,
				3683	this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must
				3684	use either MIFF, TIF, PFM or MPC formats for the real and imaginary component
				3685	results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional
				3686	values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part. With either
				3687	MIFF or TIF, one should add -define quantum:format=32, to allow those image
				3688	types to work properly in HDRI mode without clipping.</p>
				3689
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3690	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a
				3691	href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a> are also square, even dimensioned images due to the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3692	padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component
				3693	images.</p>
				3694
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3695	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				3696	href="high-dynamic-range.html" >High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more
				3697	about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				3698	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri" >Usage</a> pages, <a
				3699	href="http://www.fmwconcepts.com/imagemagick/fourier_transforms/fourier.html"
				3700	>Fred's Fourier Processing With ImageMagick page</a> or this <a
				3701	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging" >Wikipedia</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3702	entry. </p>
				3703
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3704	<p>By default the FFT is normalized (and the IFT is not). Use "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> fourier:normalize=forward</code> to explicitly normalize the FFT and unnormalize the IFT.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3705
				3706
				3707	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3708	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fill"></a>-fill <var>color</var></h3>
				3709	</div>
				3710
				3711	<p class="magick-description">color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</p>
				3712
				3713	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3714	HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="color.html" >Color Names</a> for
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3715	a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				3716
				3717	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or
				3718	the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				3719
				3720	<p>For example,</p>
				3721
				3722	<pre>
				3723	-fill blue
				3724	-fill "#ddddff"
				3725	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				3726	</pre>
				3727
				3728	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				3729
				3730	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				3731
				3732	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3733	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="filter"></a>-filter <var>type</var></h3>
				3734	</div>
				3735
				3736	<p class="magick-description">Use this <var>type</var> of filter when resizing or distorting an image.</p>
				3737
				3738	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image during
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3739	operations such as <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				3740	>-distort</a>. For example you can use a simple resize filter such as:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3741
				3742	<pre>
				3743	Point Hermite Cubic
				3744	Box Gaussian Catrom
				3745	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				3746	</pre>
				3747
				3748	<p>The <code>Bessel</code> and <code>Sinc</code> filter is also provided (as well
				3749	as a faster <code>SincFast</code> equivalent form). However these filters are
				3750	generally useless on their own as they are infinite filters that are being
				3751	clipped to the filters support size. Their direct use is not recommended
				3752	except via expert settings (see below). </p>
				3753
				3754	<p>Instead these special filter functions are typically windowed by a windowing
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3755	function that the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter" >-filter</a> setting defines. That is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3756	using these functions will define a 'Windowed' filter, appropriate to the
				3757	operator involved. Windowed filters include: </p>
				3758
				3759	<pre>
				3760	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				3761	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				3762	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				3763	</pre>
				3764
				3765	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				3766	<code>Lagrange</code>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				3767	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				3768
				3769	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to
				3770	<code>Mitchell</code> for a colormapped image, an image with a matte channel, or
				3771	if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to
				3772	<code>Lanczos</code>.</p>
				3773
				3774	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				3775	filter</a> option.</p>
				3776
				3777	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3778	use of these expert settings (see also <a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> and <a
				3779	href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a>):-</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3780
				3781	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				3782	<tr>
				3783	<td>-define filter:blur=<var>factor</var></td>
				3784	<td>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
				3785	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp. This should only be used with Gaussian and
				3786	Gaussian-like filters simple filters, or you may not get the expected
				3787	results. </td>
				3788	</tr>
				3789
				3790	<tr>
				3791	<td>-define filter:support=<var>radius</var></td>
				3792	<td>Set the filter support radius. Defines how large the filter should be and
				3793	thus directly defines how slow the filtered resampling process is. All
				3794	filters have a default 'preferred' support size. Some filters like
				3795	<code>Lagrange</code> and windowed filters adjust themselves depending on
				3796	this value. With simple filters this value either does nothing (but slow
				3797	the resampling), or will clip the filter function in a detrimental way.
				3798	</td>
				3799	</tr>
				3800
				3801	<tr>
				3802	<td>-define filter:lobes=<var>count</var></td>
				3803	<td>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
				3804	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter, that is
				3805	designed to be more suited to windowed filters, especially when used for
				3806	image distorts.</td>
				3807	</tr>
				3808
				3809	<tr>
				3810	<td>-define filter:sigma=<var>value</var></td>
				3811	<td>The 'sigma' value used to define the <code>Gaussian</code> filter. Default
				3812	sigma value is '<code>0.5</code>'. It only effects <code>Gaussian</code> but
				3813	does not shrink (but may enlarge) the filter's 'support'. It can be used
				3814	to generate very small blurs but without the filter 'missing' pixels due
				3815	to using a small support setting. A larger value of '<code>0.707</code>'
				3816	(a value of '1/sqrt(2)') is another common setting. </td>
				3817	</tr>
				3818
				3819	<tr>
				3820	<td>-define filter:b=<var>b-spline_factor</var></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3821	<tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3822	<td>-define filter:c=<var>keys_alpha_factor</var></td>
				3823	<td>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <code>Cubic</code>,
				3824	<code>Catrom</code>, <code>Mitchel</code>, and <code>Hermite</code>, as well as
				3825	the <code>Parzen</code> cubic windowing function. If only one of the values
				3826	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Cubic-Keys' filter.
				3827	The values meaning was defined by a research paper by
				3828	Mitchell-Netravali.</td>
				3829	</tr>
				3830
				3831	<tr>
				3832	<td>-define filter:kaiser-beta=<var>value</var></td>
				3833	<td>The 'alpha' value used to as part of the Kaiser Windowing function.
				3834	Default value is '6.5'. It only effects Kaiser windowing function, and
				3835	does not effect any other attributes.
				3836	Before ImageMagick v6.7.6-10, this option was known as "filter:alpha", (an
				3837	inheritance from the very old "zoom" program). It was changed to bring the
				3838	function in line with more modern academic research usage, and better
				3839	assign it be more definitive. </td>
				3840	</tr>
				3841
				3842	<tr>
				3843	<td>-define filter:kaiser-alpha=<var>value</var></td>
				3844	<td>This value when multiplied by 'PI' is equivalent to "kaiser-beta", and
				3845	will override that setting. It only effects Kaiser windowing function,
				3846	and does not effect any other attributes. </td>
				3847	</tr>
				3848
				3849	<tr>
				3850	<td>-define filter:filter=<var>filter_function</var></td>
				3851	<td>Use this function directly as the weighting filter. This will allow
				3852	you to directly use a windowing function such as <code>Blackman</code>,
				3853	as a resampling filter, rather than as its normal usage as a windowing
				3854	function. If defined, no windowing function also defined, the window function is set
				3855	to <code>Box</code>). Directly specifying <code>Sinc</code> or <code>Jinc</code>
				3856	as a filter will also do this. </td>
				3857	</tr>
				3858
				3859	<tr>
				3860	<td>-define filter:window=<var>filter_function</var></td>
				3861	<td>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <code>Sinc</code> and
				3862	<code>Jinc</code> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				3863	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to specify a filter
				3864	function to be used as a windowing function for these IIR filters.
				3865	Many of the defined filters are actually windowing functions for these IIR
				3866	filters. A typical choices is <code>Box</code>, (which effectively turns
				3867	off the windowing function). </td>
				3868	</tr>
				3869
				3870	<tr>
				3871	<td>-define filter:win-support=<var>radius</var></td>
				3872	<td>Scale windowing function to this size instead. This causes the windowing
				3873	(or self-windowing Lagrange filter) to act is if the support window is
				3874	larger than what is actually supplied to the calling operator. The filter
				3875	however is still clipped to the real support size given. If unset this
				3876	will equal the normal filter support size. </td>
				3877	</tr>
				3878
				3879	<tr>
				3880	<td>-define filter:verbose=<var>1</var></td>
				3881	<td>This causes IM to print information on the final internal filter
				3882	selection to standard output. This includes a commented header on the
				3883	filter settings being used, and data allowing the filter weights to be
				3884	easily graphed. Note however that some filters are internally defined in terms of other filters. The <code>Lanczos</code> filter for example is defined in terms of
				3885	a <code>SincFast</code> windowed <code>SincFast</code> filter, while
				3886	<code>Mitchell</code> is defined as a general <code>Cubic</code> family filter
				3887	with specific 'B' and 'C' settings. </td>
				3888	</tr>
				3889
				3890	</table>
				3891
				3892	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe jinc windowed sinc filter (Genseng filter?):</p>
				3893
				3894	<pre>
				3895	convert image.png \
				3896	-filter sinc \
				3897	-set filter:window=jinc \
				3898	-set filter:lobes=8 \
				3899	-resize 150% image.jpg"
				3900	</pre>
				3901
				3902	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				3903
				3904	<pre>
				3905	convert image.png \
				3906	-set filter:filter=sinc \
				3907	-set filter:lobes=4 \
				3908	-resize 150% image.jpg"
				3909	</pre>
				3910
				3911	<p>To extract the data for a raw windowing function, combine it with
				3912	a '<code>Box</code>' filter. For example the '<code>Welch</code> parabolic
				3913	windowing function. </p>
				3914
				3915	<pre>
				3916	convert null: -define filter:filter=Box \
				3917	-define filter:window=Welch \
				3918	-define filter:support=1.0 \
				3919	-define filter:verbose=1 \
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3920	-resize 2 null: > window_welch.dat
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3921	gnuplot
				3922	set grid
				3923	plot \"window_welch.dat\" with lines
				3924	</pre>
				3925
				3926	<p>Note that the use of expert options is provided for image processing experts
				3927	who have studied and understand how resize filters work. Without this
				3928	knowledge, and an understanding of the definition of the actual filters
				3929	involved, using expert settings are more likely to be detrimental to your image
				3930	resizing.</p>
				3931
				3932
				3933	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3934	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h3>
				3935	</div>
				3936
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3937	<p class="magick-description">This is a simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3938
				3939
				3940	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3941	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="flip"></a>-flip</h3>
				3942	</div>
				3943
				3944	<p class="magick-description">create a <var>mirror image</var></p>
				3945
				3946	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction. The image will be mirrored
				3947	upside-down. </p>
				3948
				3949
				3950	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3951	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var> <var>color</var></h3>
				3952	</div>
				3953
				3954	<p class="magick-description">floodfill the image with color at the specified offset.</p>
				3955
				3956	<p>Flood fill starts from the given 'seed point' which is not gravity effected.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3957	Any color that matches within <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> color distance of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3958	given <var>color</var> argument, connected to that 'seed point'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3959	will be replaced with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> color. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3960
				3961	<p>Note that if the pixel at the 'seed point' does not itself match the given
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3962	<var>color</var> (according to <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a>), then no
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3963	action will be taken. </p>
				3964
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3965	<p>This operator works more like the <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> option, than
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3966	a more general flood fill that reads the matching color directly at the 'seed
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3967	point'. For this form of flood fill, look at <a href="command-line-options.html#draw" >-draw</a> and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3968	its 'color floodfill' drawing method. </p>
				3969
				3970
				3971	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3972	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="flop"></a>-flop</h3>
				3973	</div>
				3974
				3975	<p class="magick-description">create a <var>mirror image</var>.</p>
				3976
				3977	<p>Reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction, just like the image in
				3978	a vertical mirror. </p>
				3979
				3980
				3981	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3982	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="font"></a>-font <var>name</var></h3>
				3983	</div>
				3984
				3985	<p class="magick-description">set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</p>
				3986
				3987	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list font</a>
				3988	option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				3989
				3990	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				3991	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <code>Arial.ttf</code>
				3992	is a TrueType font file, <code>ps:helvetica</code> is PostScript font, and
				3993	<code>x:fixed</code> is X11 font.</p>
				3994
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	3995	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				3996	href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a
				3997	href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	3998
				3999
				4000	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4001	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="foreground"></a>-foreground <var>color</var></h3>
				4002	</div>
				4003
				4004	<p class="magick-description">Define the foreground color for menus.", "display</p>
				4005
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4006	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a
				4007	href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4008
				4009	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				4010
				4011	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4012	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="format"></a>-format <var>type</var></h3>
				4013	</div>
				4014
				4015	<p class="magick-description">the image format type.</p>
				4016
				4017	<p>When used with the <code>mogrify</code> utility, this option converts any
				4018	image to the image <a href="formats.html">format</a> you specify.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4019	For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a
				4020	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list format</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4021
				4022	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the
				4023	filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with
				4024	the image format type specified with <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a>. For
				4025	example, if you specify <var>tiff</var> as the format type and the
				4026	input image filename is <var>image.gif</var>, the output image
				4027	filename becomes <var>image.tiff</var>.</p>
				4028
				4029	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4030	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="format_identify_"></a>-format <var>string</var></h3>
				4031	</div>
				4032
				4033	<p class="magick-description">output formatted image characteristics.</p>
				4034
				4035	<p>See <a href="escape.html">Format and Print Image
				4036	Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this
				4037	option.</p>
				4038
				4039	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4040	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="frame"></a>-frame <var>geometry</var></h3>
				4041	</div>
				4042
				4043	<p class="magick-description">Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</p>
				4044
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4045	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor"
				4046	>-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4047
				4048	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <var>size</var> portion of the <var>geometry</var> argument indicates the amount of extra width and
				4049	height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given
				4050	in the <var>geometry</var> argument, then the border added is
				4051	a solid color. Offsets <var>x</var> and <var>y</var>, if present, specify that
				4052	the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of
				4053	thickness <var>x</var> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness
				4054	<var>y</var> pixels. Negative offsets make no sense as frame arguments.
				4055	</p>
				4056
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4057	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option is affected by the current <a
				4058	href="command-line-options.html#compose">-compose</a> setting and assumes that this is using the default
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4059	'<code>Over</code>' composition method. It generates an image of the appropriate
				4060	size with the current <a href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting, and then
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4061	draws the frame of four distinct colors close to the current <a
				4062	href="command-line-options.html#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a>. The original image is then overlaid onto
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4063	center of this image. This means that with the default compose method of
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4064	'<code>Over</code>' any transparent parts may be replaced by the current <a
				4065	href="command-line-options.html#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4066
				4067	<p>The image composition is not
				4068	affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				4069
				4070
				4071	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4072	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h3>
				4073	</div>
				4074
				4075	<p class="magick-description">include the X window frame in the imported image. </p>
				4076	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4077	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="function"></a>-function <var>function</var> <var>parameters</var></h3>
				4078	</div>
				4079
				4080	<p class="magick-description">Apply a function to channel values.</p>
				4081
				4082	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4083	each of the color values for each previously set <a
				4084	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a
				4085	href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4086	calculations are handled.</p>
				4087
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4088	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a
				4089	href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4090	ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				4091
				4092	<p>Here, <var>parameters</var> is a comma-separated list of
				4093	numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <var>function</var> is selected. Choose the <var>function</var> from:</p>
				4094
				4095	<pre>
				4096	Polynomial
				4097	Sinusoid
				4098	Arcsin
				4099	Arctan
				4100	</pre>
				4101
				4102	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="command-line-options.html#function">-function</a> operators,
				4103	use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				4104
				4105	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4106	<dt>Polynomial</dt>
				4107	<dd><p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters,
				4108	these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree.
				4109	That is, entering</p>
				4110
				4111	<pre>
				4112	-function Polynomial <var>a</var><sub><var>n</var></sub>,<var>a</var><sub><var>n</var>-1</sub>,...<var>a</var><sub>1</sub>,<var>a</var><sub>0</sub>
				4113	</pre>
				4114
				4115	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				4116
				4117	<pre>
				4118	<var>a</var><sub><var>n</var></sub> <b><var>u</var></b><sup><var>n</var></sup> + <var>a</var><sub><var>n</var>-1</sub> <b><var>u</var></b><sup><var>n</var>-1</sup> + ··· <var>a</var><sub>1</sub> <b><var>u</var></b> + <var>a</var><sub>0</sub>,
				4119	</pre>
				4120
				4121	<p>where <b><var>u</var></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				4122
				4123	<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function can be used in place of <code>Set</code>
				4124	(the <var>constant</var> polynomial) and <code>Add</code>, <code>Divide</code>,
				4125	<code>Multiply</code>, and <code>Subtract</code> (some <var>linear</var>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4126	polynomials) of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a
				4127	href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4128	correspondences follow.</p>
				4129
				4130	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				4131	<tr>
				4132	<td>-evaluate Set <var>value</var> </td>
				4133	<td>-function Polynomial <var>value</var></td>
				4134	<td>(Constant functions; set <var>value</var>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				4135	</tr>
				4136	<tr>
				4137	<td>-evaluate Add <var>value</var> </td>
				4138	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<var>value</var></td>
				4139	</tr>
				4140	<tr>
				4141	<td>-evaluate Subtract <var>value</var> </td>
				4142	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<var>value</var></td>
				4143	</tr>
				4144	<tr>
				4145	<td>-evaluate Multiply <var>value</var> </td>
				4146	<td>-function Polynomial <var>value</var>,0</td>
				4147	</tr>
				4148	<tr>
				4149	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				4150	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				4151	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				4152	</tr>
				4153	</table>
				4154
				4155	<p>The <code>Polynomial</code> function gives great versatility, since
				4156	polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy
				4157	desired.</p>
				4158
				4159	</dd>
				4160	<dt>Sinusoid</dt>
				4161	<dd>
				4162	<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function can be used to vary the channel values
				4163	sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These
				4164	values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				4165
				4166	<pre>
				4167	-function <code>Sinusoid</code> <var>freq</var>,[<var>phase</var>,[<var>amp</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]]
				4168	</pre>
				4169
				4170	<p>where <var>phase</var> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function
				4171	corresponds to 0 through <var>freq</var>×360 degrees.)
				4172	The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally
				4173	<b><var>u</var></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				4174
				4175	<pre>
				4176	<var>amp</var> * sin(2π (<var>freq</var> * <b><var>u</var></b> + <var>phase</var> / 360)) + <var>bias</var>
				4177	</pre>
				4178
				4179	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9
				4180	(when <b><var>u</var></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between
				4181	.7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				4182
				4183	<pre>
				4184	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				4185	</pre>
				4186
				4187	<p>The default values of <var>amp</var> and <var>bias</var> are both .5. The default for <var>phase</var>
				4188	is 0.</p>
				4189
				4190	<p>The <code>Sinusoid</code> function generalizes <code>Sin</code> and
				4191	<code>Cos</code> of the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing
				4192	varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				4193
				4194	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				4195	<tr>
				4196	<td>-evaluate Sin <var>freq</var> </td>
				4197	<td>-function Sinusoid <var>freq</var>,0 </td>
				4198	</tr>
				4199	<tr>
				4200	<td>-evaluate Cos <var>freq</var> </td>
				4201	<td>-function Sinusoid <var>freq</var>,90 </td>
				4202	</tr>
				4203	</table>
				4204	</dd>
				4205	<dt>ArcSin</dt>
				4206	<dd>
				4207	<p>The <code>ArcSin</code> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				4208	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				4209	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
				4210	of values.</p>
				4211
				4212	<pre>
				4213	-function <code>ArcSin</code> <var>width</var>,[<var>center</var>,[<var>range</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]]
				4214	</pre>
				4215
				4216	<p>with all values given in terms of normalized color values (0.0 for black,
				4217	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				4218	for bout input (<var>width</var>), and output (<var>width</var>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				4219
				4220	<pre>
				4221	<var>range</var>/π * asin( 2/<var>width</var> * ( <b><var>u</var></b> - <var>center</var> ) ) + <var>bias</var>
				4222	</pre>
				4223
				4224	</dd>
				4225	<dt>ArcTan</dt>
				4226	<dd>
				4227	<p>The <code>ArcTan</code> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				4228	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
				4229	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.</p>
				4230
				4231	<pre>
				4232	-function <code>ArcTan</code> <var>slope</var>,[<var>center</var>,[<var>range</var>,[<var>bias</var>]]]
				4233	</pre>
				4234
				4235	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				4236	</p>
				4237
				4238	<pre>
				4239	<var>range</var>/π * atan( <var>slope</var>π ( <b><var>u</var></b> - <var>center</var> ) ) + <var>bias</var>
				4240	</pre>
				4241	</dd>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4242	</tr>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4243	</dl>
				4244
				4245
				4246
				4247	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4248	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <var>distance</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				4249	</div>
				4250
				4251	<p class="magick-description">Colors within this <var>distance</var> are considered equal.</p>
				4252
				4253	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must
				4254	be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color
				4255	in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an
				4256	image with <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target
				4257	background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for
				4258	these differences.</p>
				4259
				4260	<p>The <var>distance</var> can be in absolute intensity units or, by
				4261	appending <code>%</code> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255,
				4262	65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				4263
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4264	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >+fuzz</a> to reset the fuzz value to 0.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4265
				4266
				4267	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4268	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="fx"></a>-fx <var>expression</var></h3>
				4269	</div>
				4270
				4271	<p class="magick-description">apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</p>
				4272
				4273	<p>If the first character of <var>expression</var> is <code>@</code>,
				4274	the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the
				4275	string.</p>
				4276
				4277	<p>See <a href="fx.html">FX,
				4278	The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this
				4279	option.</p>
				4280
				4281
				4282	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4283	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="gamma"></a>-gamma <var>value</var></h3>
				4284	</div>
				4285
				4286	<p class="magick-description">level of gamma correction.</p>
				4287
				4288	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look
				4289	different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to
				4290	adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from
				4291	<code>0.8</code> to <code>2.3</code>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and
				4292	gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may
				4293	result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only
				4294	eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				4295
				4296	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to
				4297	a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the
				4298	normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the
				4299	same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				4300
				4301	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of
				4302	the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g.,
				4303	<code>1.7,2.3,1.2</code>).</p>
				4304
				4305	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#gamma">+gamma <var>value</var></a> to set the
				4306	image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option
				4307	is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute
				4308	(e.g. PNG images). Write the "file gamma" which is the reciprocal of the
				4309	display gamma; e.g., if your image is sRGB and you want to write a PNG gAMA
				4310	chunk, use</p>
				4311
				4312	<pre>
				4313	convert input.png +gamma .45455 output.png
				4314	</pre>
				4315
				4316	<p>(0.45455 is 1/2.2)</p>
				4317
				4318	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				4319
				4320	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4321	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <var>radius</var><br />-gaussian-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4322	</div>
				4323
				4324	<p class="magick-description">Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</p>
				4325
				4326	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution using the given
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4327	<var >Sigma</var> value. The formula is:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4328
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4329	<p class="text-center"><img class="img-thumbnail" alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4330
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4331	<p>The <var >Sigma</var> value is the important argument, and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4332	determines the actual amount of blurring that will take place. </p>
				4333
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4334	<p>The <var >Radius</var> is only used to determine the size of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4335	array which will hold the calculated Gaussian distribution. It should be an
				4336	integer. If not given, or set to zero, IM will calculate the largest possible
				4337	radius that will provide meaningful results for the Gaussian distribution.
				4338	</p>
				4339
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4340	<p>The larger the <var >Radius</var> the radius the slower the
				4341	operation is. However too small a <var >Radius</var>, and sever
				4342	aliasing effects may result. As a guideline, <var >Radius</var>
				4343	should be at least twice the <var >Sigma</var> value, though three
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4344	times will produce a more accurate result. </p>
				4345
				4346	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
				4347	full 2-dimensional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				4348	neighboring pixels. </p>
				4349
				4350	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4351	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4352	</p>
				4353
				4354
				4355	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4356	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="geometry"></a>-geometry <var>geometry</var></h3>
				4357	</div>
				4358
				4359	<p class="magick-description">Set the preferred size and location of the image.</p>
				4360
				4361	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4362
				4363	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4364	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="gravity"></a>-gravity <var>type</var></h3>
				4365	</div>
				4366
				4367	<p class="magick-description">Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</p>
				4368
				4369	<p>Choices include: <code>NorthWest</code>, <code>North</code>,
				4370	<code>NorthEast</code>, <code>West</code>, <code>Center</code>, <code>East</code>,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4371	<code>SouthWest</code>, <code>South</code>, <code>SouthEast</code>. Use <a
				4372	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete list of <a
				4373	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4374	installation.</p>
				4375
				4376	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For
				4377	example, a gravity of <code>Center</code> forces the text to be centered within
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4378	the image. By default, the image gravity is <code>NorthWest</code>. See <a
				4379	href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the
				4380	text primitive of <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> is affected by the <a
				4381	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4382
				4383	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the
				4384	<a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4385	take <var>geometry</var> as an argument, such as the <a
				4386	href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4387
				4388	<p>If a <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option
				4389	or setting having a <var>geometry</var> argument that specifies an
				4390	offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested
				4391	by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following
				4392	command, for example, suppose the file <code>image.png</code> has dimensions
				4393	200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#region">-region</a>
				4394	is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is
				4395	<code>Center</code>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point
				4396	(100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving
				4397	(100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at
				4398	that point. (In addition, the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the
				4399	region itself, which is <var>centered</var> at the pixel
				4400	coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				4401
				4402	<pre>
				4403	convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \
				4404	-negate output.png
				4405	</pre>
				4406
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4407	<p>When used as an option to <a href="composite.html">composite</a>, <a
				4408	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4409	within the composite.</p>
				4410
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4411	<p>When used as an option to <a href="montage.html">montage</a>, <a
				4412	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4413	within a tile. The default gravity is <code>Center</code> for this purpose.</p>
				4414
				4415
				4416	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4417	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="grayscale"></a>-grayscale <var>method</var></h3>
				4418	</div>
				4419
				4420	<p class="magick-description">convert image to grayscale.</p>
				4421
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4422	<p>This will use one of the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> methods to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4423	convert the given image into a linear-grayscale image. </p>
				4424
				4425	<p>For example, to convert an image to (linear) Rec709Luminance grayscale, type:</p>
				4426
				4427	<pre>
				4428	convert in.png -grayscale Rec709Luminance out.png
				4429	</pre>
				4430
				4431	<p>which is equivalent to:</p>
				4432
				4433	<pre>
				4434	convert in.png -colorspace gray out.png
				4435	</pre>
				4436
				4437	<p>Similarly, to convert an image to (non-linear) Rec709Luma grayscale, type:</p>
				4438
				4439	<pre>
				4440	convert in.png -grayscale Rec709Luma out.png
				4441	</pre>
				4442
				4443	<p>which is equivalent to:</p>
				4444
				4445	<pre>
				4446	convert in.png -set colorspace RGB -colorspace gray out.png
				4447	</pre>
				4448
				4449	<p>Note that a 'colorspace' intensity method will produce the same result
				4450	regardless of the current colorpsace of the image. But a 'mathematical'
				4451	intensity method will depend on the current colorspace the image is currently
				4452	using. </p>
				4453
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4454	<p>While this operation uses an <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> method,
				4455	it does not use or set the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting, so
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4456	will not effect other operations that may use that setting.</p>
				4457
				4458
				4459	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4460	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <var>x,y</var></h3>
				4461	</div>
				4462
				4463	<p class="magick-description">green chromaticity primary point.</p>
				4464
				4465
				4466	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4467	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h3>
				4468	</div>
				4469
				4470	<p class="magick-description">apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</p>
				4471
				4472	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				4473	dimensions. Create it with the <code>HALD:</code> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				4474	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				4475	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				4476
				4477	<pre>
				4478	convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png
				4479	</pre>
				4480
				4481	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				4482	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				4483	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				4484
				4485	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				4486	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4487	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				4488	href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4489	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				4490
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4491	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4492	of the individual color channels, usually involving a simpler grayscale
				4493	image. E.g: grayscale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4494	mapping. </p>
				4495
				4496
				4497	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4498	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="help"></a>-help</h3>
				4499	</div>
				4500
				4501	<p class="magick-description">print usage instructions.</p>
				4502
				4503	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4504	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <var>color</var></h3>
				4505	</div>
				4506
				4507	<p class="magick-description">when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p>
				4508
				4509	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4510	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="hough-lines"></a>-hough-lines <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3>
				4511	</div>
				4512
				4513	<p class="magick-description">identify straight lines in the image (e.g. -hough-lines 9x9+195).</p>
				4514
				4515	<p>Use the Hough line detector with any binary edge extracted image to locate and draw any straight lines that it finds.</p>
				4516
				4517	<p>The process accumulates counts for every white pixel in the binary edge image for every possible orientation (for angles from 0 to 179 in 1 deg increments) and distance from the center of the image to the corners (in 1 px increments). It stores the counts in an accumulator matrix of angle vs distance. The size of the accumulator will be 180x(diagonal/2). Next it searches the accumulator for peaks in counts and converts the locations of the peaks to slope and intercept in the normal x,y input image space. The algorithm uses slope/intercepts to find the endpoints clipped to the bounds of the image. The lines are drawn from the given endpoints. The counts are a measure of the length of the lines.</p>.
				4518
				4519	<p>The WxH arguments specify the filter size for locating the peaks in the Hough accumulator. The threshold excludes lines whose counts are less than the threshold value.</p>
				4520
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4521	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#background" >-background</a></code> to specify the color of the background onto which the lines will be drawn. The default is black.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4522
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4523	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a></code> to specify the color of the lines. The default is black.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4524
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4525	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#stroke" >-stroke</a></code> and <code><a href="command-line-options.html#strokewidth" >-strokewidth</a></code> to specify the thickness of the lines. The default is black and no strokewidth.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4526
				4527	<p>A text file listing the endpoints and counts may be created by using the suffix, .mvg, for the output image.</p>
				4528
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4529	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> hough-lines:accumulator=true</code> to return the accumulator image in addition to the lines image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4530
				4531	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4532	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <var>geometry</var></h3>
				4533	</div>
				4534
				4535	<p class="magick-description">specify the icon geometry.</p>
				4536
				4537	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same
				4538	manner as the <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to
				4539	handle negative offsets.</p>
				4540
				4541	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4542
				4543	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4544	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h3>
				4545	</div>
				4546
				4547	<p class="magick-description">start in icon mode in X Windows", 'animate', 'display</p>
				4548
				4549	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4550	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="identify"></a>-identify</h3>
				4551	</div>
				4552
				4553	<p class="magick-description">identify the format and characteristics of the image.</p>
				4554
				4555	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size;
				4556	the image class (<var>DirectClass</var> or <var>PseudoClass</var>); the total number of unique colors; and the
				4557	number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="miff.html">MIFF</a> for
				4558	a description of the image class.</p>
				4559
				4560	<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4561	in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a
				4562	href="quantize.html">color
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4563	reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
				4564
				4565	<p>If <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> precedes this option, copious
				4566	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				4567	image histogram, and others.</p>
				4568
				4569	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4570	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="ift"></a>-ift</h3>
				4571	</div>
				4572
				4573	<p class="magick-description">implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</p>
				4574
				4575	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows
				4576	users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase
				4577	images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4578	domain. See for example, <a
				4579	href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform">Fourier Transform</a>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4580	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and
				4581	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
				4582
				4583	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of
				4584	the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				4585
				4586	<pre>
				4587	convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png
				4588	</pre>
				4589
				4590	<p>or</p>
				4591
				4592	<pre>
				4593	convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png
				4594	</pre>
				4595
				4596	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4597	the original image, prior to the <a href="command-line-options.html#fft">-fft</a> or <a
				4598	href="command-line-options.html#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding is at
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4599	the right and/or bottom sides of the image.</p>
				4600
				4601	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to
				4602	use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">-ift</a>.</p>
				4603
				4604	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real
				4605	and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal
				4606	(spatial) domain.</p>
				4607
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4608	<p>By default the IFT is not normalized (and the FFT is). Use "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> fourier:normalize=inverse</code> to explicitly normalize the IFT and unnormalize the FFT.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4609
				4610	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4611	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h3>
				4612	</div>
				4613
				4614	<p class="magick-description">make image immutable.</p>
				4615
				4616	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4617	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="implode"></a>-implode <var>factor</var></h3>
				4618	</div>
				4619
				4620	<p class="magick-description">implode image pixels about the center.</p>
				4621
				4622	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4623	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="insert"></a>-insert <var>index</var></h3>
				4624	</div>
				4625
				4626	<p class="magick-description">insert the last image into the image sequence.</p>
				4627
				4628	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it
				4629	at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is
				4630	calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such
				4631	<code>-insert -1</code> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				4632
				4633	<p>The <code>+insert</code> option is equivalent to <code>-insert -1</code>. In
				4634	other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence.
				4635	Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				4636
				4637	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4638	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="intensity"></a>-intensity <var>method</var></h3>
				4639	</div>
				4640
				4641	<p class="magick-description">method to generate intensity value from pixel.</p>
				4642
				4643	<p>ImageMagick provides a number of methods used in situations where an
				4644	operator needs to determine a single grayscale value for some purpose, from
				4645	an image with red, green, and blue pixel components. Typically the linear
				4646	<code>Rec709Luminance</code> formula is used, which is the same formula used when
				4647	converting images to <code>-colorspace gray</code>. </p>
				4648
				4649	<p>The following formulas are currently provided, and will first convert
				4650	the pixel values to linear-RGB or non-linear sRGB colorspace before
				4651	being applied to calculate the final greyscale value. </p>
				4652
				4653	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4654	<dt>Rec601Luma</dt><dd> 0.298839R' + 0.586811G'+ 0.114350B'</dd>
				4655	<dt>Rec601Luminance</dt><dd> 0.298839R + 0.586811G + 0.114350B</dd>
				4656	<dt>Rec709Luma</dt><dd> 0.212656R' + 0.715158G' + 0.072186B'</dd>
				4657	<dt>Rec709Luminance</dt><dd> 0.212656R + 0.715158G + 0.072186B</dd>
				4658	<dt>Brightness</dt><dd> max(R', G', B')</dd>
				4659	<dt>Lightness</dt><dd> (min(R', G', B') + max(R', G', B')) / 2.0</dd>
				4660	</dl>
				4661
				4662	<p>Note that the above R,G,B values is the image's linear-RGB values, while
				4663	R',G',B' are sRGB non-linear values. </p>
				4664
				4665	<p>These intensity methods are mathematical in nature and will use the
				4666	current value in the images respective R,G,B channel regardless of
				4667	what that is, or what colorspace the image is currently using.</p>
				4668
				4669	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4670	<dt>Average</dt><dd>(R + G + B) / 3.0</dd>
				4671	<dt>MS</dt><dd>(R^2 + G^2 + B^2) / 3.0</dd>
				4672	<dt>RMS</dt><dd>sqrt( (R^2 + G^2 + B^2) / 3.0 )</dd>
				4673	</dl>
				4674
				4675	<p>These methods are often used for other purposes, such as generating a
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4676	grayscale difference image between two color images (using <a href="command-line-options.html#compose"
				4677	>-compose</a> '<code>Difference</code>' composition. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4678
				4679	<p> For example The 'MS' (Mean Squared) setting is good for minimizing color
				4680	error comparisions. While... The method 'RMS' (Root Mean Squared) for
				4681	example is appropriate for calculating color vector distance, from a color
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4682	difference image. This is equivalent to the color only component of the <a
				4683	href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor color compare setting. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4684
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4685	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#grayscale" >-grayscale</a> which applies one of the above
				4686	grayscaling formula directly to an image without setting the <a
				4687	href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4688
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4689	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace gray</a> image conversion also uses
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4690	the current intensity setting, but will always convert the image to the
				4691	appropriate sRGB or linear-RGB colorspace before appling the above
				4692	function.</p>
				4693
				4694	<p>To print a complete list of possible pixel intensity setting methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intensity</a>.</p>
				4695
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4696	<p>Operators affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#intensity" >-intensity</a> setting include:</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4697
				4698	<pre>
				4699	-adaptive-blur
				4700	-adaptive-sharpen
				4701	-black-threshold
				4702	-clut (when mapping greyscale CLUT image to alpha channel if set by -channels)
				4703	-colors for gray colorspace
				4704	-compose {LightenIntensity, DarkenIntensity, CopyOpacity, CopyBlack}
				4705	-contrast-stretch
				4706	-distort {ErodeIntensity, DilateIntensity}
				4707	-normalize
				4708	-random-threshold
				4709	-selective-blur
				4710	-shade
				4711	-threshold
				4712	-tint
				4713	-white-threshold
				4714	</pre>
				4715
				4716	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4717	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="intent"></a>-intent <var>type</var></h3>
				4718	</div>
				4719
				4720	<p class="magick-description">use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</p>
				4721
				4722	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see
				4723	<a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <code>Absolute,
				4724	Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</code>.</p>
				4725
				4726	<p>The default intent is Perceptual for the sRGB colorspace and undefined for the RGB and gray colorspaces.</p>
				4727
				4728	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				4729
				4730	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4731	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interlace"></a>-interlace <var>type</var></h3>
				4732	</div>
				4733
				4734	<p class="magick-description">the type of interlacing scheme.</p>
				4735
				4736	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4737
				4738	<pre>
				4739	none
				4740	line
				4741	plane
				4742	partition
				4743	JPEG
				4744	GIF
				4745	PNG
				4746	</pre>
				4747
				4748	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image
				4749	formats such as <code>RGB</code> or <code>YUV</code>.</p>
				4750
				4751	<p><code>None</code> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				4752
				4753	<p><code>Line</code> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				4754
				4755	<p><code>Plane</code> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				4756
				4757	<p><code>Partition</code> is like plane except the different planes are saved to
				4758	individual files (e.g. image.R, image.G, and image.B).</p>
				4759
				4760	<p>Use <code>Line</code> or <code>Plane</code> to create an <code>interlaced
				4761	PNG</code> or <code>GIF</code> or <code>progressive JPEG</code> image.</p>
				4762
				4763	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				4764	interlace</a>.</p>
				4765
				4766	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4767	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <var>type</var></h3>
				4768	</div>
				4769
				4770	<p class="magick-description">Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</p>
				4771
				4772	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-integer floating point
				4773	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				4774	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				4775	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				4776	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				4777
				4778	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				4779	<dt>integer</dt>
				4780	<dd>The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)</dd>
				4781	<dt>nearest-neighbor</dt>
				4782	<dd>The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)</dd>
				4783	<dt>average</dt>
				4784	<dd>The average color of the surrounding four pixels</dd>
				4785	<dt>bilinear</dt>
				4786	<dd>A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)</dd>
				4787	<dt>mesh</dt>
				4788	<dd>Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations</dd>
				4789	<dt>bicubic</dt>
				4790	<dd>Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels</dd>
				4791	<dt>spline</dt>
				4792	<dd>Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)</dd>
				4793	<dt>filter</dt>
				4794	<dd>Use resize <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> settings</dd>
				4795	</dl>
				4796
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4797	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				4798	>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#transform"
				4799	>-transform</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4800
				4801	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				4802
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4803	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4804	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				4805
				4806
				4807	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4808	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <var>value</var></h3>
				4809	</div>
				4810
				4811	<p class="magick-description">the space between two text lines.</p>
				4812
				4813	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4814	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <var>value</var></h3>
				4815	</div>
				4816
				4817	<p class="magick-description">the space between two words.</p>
				4818
				4819	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4820	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="kerning"></a>-kerning <var>value</var></h3>
				4821	</div>
				4822
				4823	<p class="magick-description">the space between two letters.</p>
				4824
				4825	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4826	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="kuwahara"></a>-kuwahara <var>radius</var><br />-kuwahara <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4827	</div>
				4828
				4829	<p class="magick-description">edge preserving noise reduction filter.</p>
				4830
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4831	<p>The <var >radius</var> is more important than the <var >sigma</var>. If <var >sigma</var> is left off, it will be computed automatically from the <var >radius</var> as <var >sigma</var>=<var >radius</var>-0.5. The <var >sigma</var> provides a bit of additional smoothing control.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4832
				4833
				4834	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4835	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="label"></a>-label <var>name</var></h3>
				4836	</div>
				4837
				4838	<p class="magick-description">assign a label to an image.</p>
				4839
				4840	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4841	or created. You can use the <a href="command-line-options.html#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4842	a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG,
				4843	MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
				4844
				4845	<p>When saving an image to a <var>PostScript</var> file, any label
				4846	assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript
				4847	image. </p>
				4848
				4849	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image
				4850	attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="escape.html">Format and Print Image
				4851	Properties</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
				4852
				4853	<p>For example,</p>
				4854
				4855	<pre>
				4856	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				4857	</pre>
				4858
				4859	<p>assigns an image label of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> to the
				4860	"<code>bird.miff</code>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it
				4861	is read in. If a <a href="command-line-options.html#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any
				4862	existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels
				4863	from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
				4864
				4865	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream
				4866	via <var>Label</var> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be
				4867	visible on the image itself, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> option, or
				4868	during the final processing in the creation of an image montage.</p>
				4869
				4870	<p>If the first character of <var>string</var> is <var>@</var>, the image label is read from a file titled by the
				4871	remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded
				4872	formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				4873
				4874
				4875	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4876	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="lat"></a>-lat <var>width</var><br />-lat <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>offset</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4877	</div>
				4878
				4879	<p class="magick-description">perform local adaptive threshold.</p>
				4880
				4881	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				4882	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				4883	the optional <code>offset</code>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				4884	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				4885	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				4886	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				4887
				4888	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				4889	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				4890	the local background color, from which to separate the foreground color. </p>
				4891
				4892
				4893	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4894	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="layers"></a>-layers <var>method</var></h3>
				4895	</div>
				4896
				4897	<p class="magick-description">handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</p>
				4898
				4899	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				4900	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				4901	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				4902
				4903	<table class="table table-condensed table-striped">
				4904	<tbody>
				4905	<tr>
				4906	<th style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				4907	<th>Description</th>
				4908	</tr>
				4909
				4910	<tr>
				4911	<td>compare-any</td>
				4912	<td>Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4913	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				4914	href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4915	</tr>
				4916
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4917	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct"
				4918	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4919	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				4920	'<code>Previous</code>' or '<code>Background</code>'. </td>
				4921	</tr>
				4922
				4923	<tr>
				4924	<td>compare-clear</td>
				4925	<td>As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to the bounds of any
				4926	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				4927	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				4928	</tr>
				4929
				4930	<tr>
				4931	<td>compare-overlay</td>
				4932	<td>As '<code>compare-any</code>' but crop to pixels that add
				4933	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				4934	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				4935	</tr>
				4936
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4937	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4938	composition method '<code>change-mask</code>', to reduce the image to
				4939	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				4940	</tr>
				4941
				4942	<tr>
				4943	<td>coalesce</td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4944	<td>Equivalent to a call to the <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce"
				4945	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4946	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				4947	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				4948	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				4949	</tr>
				4950
				4951	<tr>
				4952	<td>composite</td>
				4953	<td>Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				4954	"<code>null:</code>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				4955	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				4956	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				4957	image lists are removed. </td>
				4958	</tr>
				4959
				4960
				4961	<tr><td></td>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4962	<td>The <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
				4963	to <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
				4964	canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
				4965	href="command-line-options.html#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4966	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
				4967
				4968	<tr><td></td>
				4969	<td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
				4970	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				4971	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				4972	preserved. </td>
				4973	</tr>
				4974
				4975
				4976	<tr>
				4977	<td>dispose</td>
				4978	<td>This like '<code>coalesce</code>' but shows the look of
				4979	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				4980	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4981	results from the application of the GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose"
				4982	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4983	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				4984	</td>
				4985	</tr>
				4986
				4987	<tr>
				4988	<td>flatten</td>
				4989	<td>Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	4990	canvas using the current <a href="command-line-options.html#background" >-background</a> color,
				4991	and <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	4992	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				4993	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				4994	</tr>
				4995
				4996	<tr><td></td>
				4997	<td>This usually used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
				4998	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				4999	</tr>
				5000
				5001	<tr><td></td>
				5002	<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
				5003	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay an opaque color to remove
				5004	transparency from an image.</td>
				5005	</tr>
				5006
				5007
				5008	<tr>
				5009	<td>merge</td>
				5010	<td>As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				5011	layers to create a new layer image just large enough to hold all the
				5012	image without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset
				5013	will preserve the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				5014	negative. The virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				5015	</td>
				5016	</tr>
				5017
				5018	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with
				5019	negative offsets as few image file formats handle them correctly.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5020	Following this operation method with <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5021	will remove the layer offset, and create an image in which all the
				5022	overlaid image positions relative to each other is preserved, though
				5023	not necessarily exactly where you specified them.
				5024	</td>
				5025	</tr>
				5026
				5027	<tr><td></td><td>See also 'trim-bounds' below which is closely related but
				5028	without doing the'flatten' to merge the images together. </td>
				5029	</tr>
				5030
				5031	<tr>
				5032	<td>mosaic</td>
				5033	<td>As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				5034	of the first image in a positive direction only so as to hold all the
				5035	image layers. However as a virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin,
				5036	by its own definition, image layers with a negative offsets will still
				5037	become clipped by the top and left edges. See 'merge' or 'trim-bounds'
				5038	if this could be a problem. </td>
				5039
				5040	</tr>
				5041
				5042	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image
				5043	using various offset but without knowing the final canvas size. The
				5044	resulting image will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so
				5045	can be saved to any image file format. </td>
				5046	</tr>
				5047
				5048
				5049	<tr>
				5050	<td>optimize</td>
				5051	<td>Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				5052	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				5053	apply both the '<code>optimize-frame</code>', and
				5054	'<code>optimize-transparency</code>' methods but may be expanded to
				5055	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				5056	</tr>
				5057
				5058	<tr>
				5059	<td>optimize-frame</td>
				5060	<td>Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				5061	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				5062	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				5063	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				5064	</tr>
				5065
				5066	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found.
				5067	But then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				5068	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				5069	optimizers seen. </td>
				5070	</tr>
				5071
				5072	<tr>
				5073	<td>optimize-plus</td>
				5074	<td>As '<code>optimize-frame</code>' but attempt to improve the
				5075	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				5076	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				5077	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				5078	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				5079	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				5080	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				5081	'<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. </td>
				5082	</tr>
				5083
				5084	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal
				5085	style will result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames,
				5086	though this is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is
				5087	better than the normal '<code>optimize-frame</code>' technique. For some
				5088	animations however you can get a vast improvement in the final
				5089	animation size. </td>
				5090	</tr>
				5091
				5092	<tr>
				5093	<td>optimize-transparency</td>
				5094	<td>Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				5095	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5096	animation by more than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5097	</td>
				5098	</tr>
				5099
				5100	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation
				5101	to compress into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one
				5102	(transparent) color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating
				5103	the current disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				5104	</tr>
				5105
				5106	<tr>
				5107	<td>remove-dups</td>
				5108	<td>Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				5109	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				5110	</td>
				5111	</tr>
				5112
				5113	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay
				5114	across the whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into
				5115	smaller sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been
				5116	used as part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				5117	</tr>
				5118
				5119	<tr>
				5120	<td>remove-zero</td>
				5121	<td>Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				5122	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				5123	warning is then issued). </td>
				5124	</tr>
				5125
				5126	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which
				5127	provide partial intermediary updates between the frames that are
				5128	actually displayed to users. These frames are usually added for
				5129	improved frame optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				5130	</tr>
				5131
				5132	<tr>
				5133	<td>trim-bounds</td>
				5134	<td>Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				5135	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				5136	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified or
				5137	merged, only the individual image virtual canvas size and offset.
				5138	All the images is given the same canvas size, and and will have
				5139	a positive offset, but will remain in the same position relative to
				5140	each other. As a result of the minimal canvas size at least one image
				5141	will touch every edge of that canvas. The image data touching those
				5142	edges however may be transparent. </td>
				5143	</tr>
				5144
				5145	<tr><td></td><td>The result is much like if you used 'merge' followed by a
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5146	<a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >+repage</a> option, except that all the images
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5147	have been kept separate. If 'flatten' is used after using
				5148	'trim-bounds' you will get the same result. </td>
				5149	</tr>
				5150
				5151	</tbody>
				5152	</table>
				5153
				5154	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				5155
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5156	<p>The operators <a href="command-line-options.html#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#deconstruct"
				5157	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#mosaic"
				5158	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods and may be depreciated in
				5159	the future. Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#repage"
				5160	>-repage</a> operators, the <a href="command-line-options.html#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the
				5161	GIF <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5162	settings. </p>
				5163
				5164
				5165	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5166	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="level"></a>-level <var>black_point</var>{,<var>white_point</var>}{<var>%</var>}{,<var>gamma</var>}</h3>
				5167	</div>
				5168
				5169	<p class="magick-description">adjust the level of image channels.</p>
				5170
				5171	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				5172	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				5173	white points range from 0 to <var>QuantumRange</var>, or from 0 to
				5174	100%; if the white point is omitted it is set to (<var>QuantumRange</var> - black_point), so as to center contrast changes.
				5175	If a <code>%</code> sign is present anywhere in the string, both black and white
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5176	points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma will do a <a
				5177	href="command-line-options.html#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is omitted, the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5178	default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				5179
				5180	<p>In normal usage (<code>-level</code>) the image values are stretched so that
				5181	the given '<code>black_point</code>' value in the original image is set to zero
				5182	(or black), while the given '<code>white_point</code>' value is set to <var>QuantumRange</var> (or white). This provides you with direct
				5183	contrast adjustments to the image. The '<code>gamma</code>' of the resulting
				5184	image will then be adjusted. </p>
				5185
				5186	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator
				5187	(<code>+level</code>) or adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument
				5188	list, will cause the operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That
				5189	is a zero, or <var>QuantumRange</var> value (black, and white, resp.)
				5190	in the original image, is adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to
				5191	de-contrast, or compress the channel values within the image. The
				5192	'<code>gamma</code>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the
				5193	image is made. </p>
				5194
				5195	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>
				5196	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				5197	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				5198
				5199	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5200	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5201
				5202
				5203	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5204	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<var>black_color</var>}{,}{<var>white_color</var>}</h3>
				5205	</div>
				5206
				5207	<p class="magick-description">adjust the level of an image using the provided dash separated colors.</p>
				5208
				5209	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="command-line-options.html#level">-level</a>, except that the
				5210	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				5211	'<code>black_color</code>' and '<code>white_color</code>' colors given (as
				5212	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				5213
				5214	<p>This effectually means the colors provided to <code>-level-colors</code>
				5215	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectively, with all the other
				5216	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
				5217	adjusted separately using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
				5218
				5219	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<code>+level-colors</code>)
				5220	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
				5221	respectively, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5222	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain grayscale image into a
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5223	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				5224
				5225	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				5226	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
				5227	respectively. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
				5228	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				5229	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				5230	color (+ form). </p>
				5231
				5232
				5233	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5234	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="limit"></a>-limit <var>type value</var></h3>
				5235	</div>
				5236
				5237	<p class="magick-description">Set the pixel cache resource limit.</p>
				5238
				5239	<p>Choose from: <code>area</code>, <code>disk</code>, <code>file</code>,
				5240	<code>map</code>, <code>memory</code>, <code>thread</code>, or <code>time</code>.</p>
				5241
				5242	<p>The value for <code>file</code> is in number of files. The other limits are
				5243	in bytes. Define arguments for the memory, map, area, and disk resource limits
				5244	with SI prefixes (.e.g 100MB).</p>
				5245
				5246	<p>By default the limits are 768 files, 3GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 3GiB
				5247	memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the
				5248	available resources on your computer if this information is available. When
				5249	any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take
				5250	compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits
				5251	memory:</p>
				5252
				5253	<pre>
				5254	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
				5255	</pre>
				5256
				5257	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				5258
				5259	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5260	-> identify -list resource
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5261	Resource limits:
				5262	Width: 100MP
				5263	Height: 100MP
				5264	Area: 25.181GB
				5265	Memory: 11.726GiB
				5266	Map: 23.452GiB
				5267	Disk: unlimited
				5268	File: 768
				5269	Thread: 12
				5270	Throttle: 0
				5271	Time: unlimited
				5272	</pre>
				5273
				5274	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one
				5275	of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5276	disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5277	and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of
				5278	allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the
				5279	request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the
				5280	<code>area</code> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				5281
				5282	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical
				5283	image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in
				5284	memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the
				5285	<code>memory</code> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If
				5286	a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file
				5287	is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the
				5288	<code>map</code> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if
				5289	the resource request exceeds the <code>area</code> limit, the pixels are
				5290	automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program
				5291	fails.</p>
				5292
				5293	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource
				5294	limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax
				5295	your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process
				5296	images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all
				5297	or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows
				5298	other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under
				5299	these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick
				5300	workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For
				5301	example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from
				5302	the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10MiB of memory you can
				5303	simply set the area limit to 10MiB:</p>
				5304
				5305	<pre>
				5306	-limit area 10MB
				5307	</pre>
				5308
				5309	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically
				5310	cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images
				5311	typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can
				5312	be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users
				5313	might inadvertently upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk
				5314	limit as well:</p>
				5315
				5316	<pre>
				5317	-limit area 10MB -limit disk 500MB
				5318	</pre>
				5319
				5320	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				5321
				5322	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5323	with <a href="resources.html#environment" >environment variables</a>. Set the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5324	environment variables <code>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</code>,
				5325	<code>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</code>,
				5326	<code>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</code>,
				5327	<code>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</code>, <code>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</code> for limits of
				5328	image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads
				5329	of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				5330
				5331	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug cache</a> to
				5332	their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the
				5333	pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how
				5334	resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output
				5335	through <code>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</code> for more readable sifting.
				5336	</p>
				5337
				5338	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5339	Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="architecture.html#cache
				5340	">Architecture</a> page. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5341
				5342	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5343	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <var>black-point</var><br />-linear-stretch <var>black-point</var>{x<var>white-point</var>}{<var>%</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5344	</div>
				5345
				5346	<p class="magick-description">Linear with saturation stretch.</p>
				5347
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5348	<p>This is very similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5349	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5350	be stretched. However it then stretches those colors using the <a
				5351	href="command-line-options.html#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5352
				5353	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				5354	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				5355	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				5356
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5357	<p>note however that a <a href="command-line-options.html#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5358	'<code>0</code>' does nothing, while a value of '<code>1</code>' does a near
				5359	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				5360
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5361	<p>See also <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5362	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				5363
				5364	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				5365
				5366
				5367	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5368	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h3>
				5369	</div>
				5370
				5371	<p class="magick-description">the line width for subsequent draw operations.</p>
				5372
				5373	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5374	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <var>geometry</var></h3>
				5375	</div>
				5376
				5377	<p class="magick-description">rescale image with seam-carving.</p>
				5378
				5379	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5380
				5381	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5382	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="list"></a>-list <var>type</var></h3>
				5383	</div>
				5384
				5385	<p class="magick-description">Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</p>
				5386
				5387	<pre class="pre-scrollable">
				5388	Align
				5389	Alpha
				5390	Boolean
				5391	Cache
				5392	Channel
				5393	Class
				5394	ClipPath
				5395	Coder
				5396	Color
				5397	Colorspace
				5398	Command
				5399	Complex
				5400	Compose
				5401	Compress
				5402	Configure
				5403	DataType
				5404	Debug
				5405	Decoration
				5406	Delegate
				5407	Direction
				5408	Dispose
				5409	Distort
				5410	Dither
				5411	Endian
				5412	Evaluate
				5413	FillRule
				5414	Filter
				5415	Font
				5416	Format
				5417	Function
				5418	Gravity
				5419	Intensity
				5420	Intent
				5421	Interlace
				5422	Interpolate
				5423	Kernel
				5424	Layers
				5425	LineCap
				5426	LineJoin
				5427	List
				5428	Locale
				5429	LogEvent
				5430	Log
				5431	Magic
				5432	Method
				5433	Metric
				5434	Mime
				5435	Mode
				5436	Morphology
				5437	Module
				5438	Noise
				5439	Orientation
				5440	PixelIntensity
				5441	Policy
				5442	PolicyDomain
				5443	PolicyRights
				5444	Preview
				5445	Primitive
				5446	QuantumFormat
				5447	Resource
				5448	SparseColor
				5449	Statistic
				5450	Storage
				5451	Stretch
				5452	Style
				5453	Threshold
				5454	Type
				5455	Units
				5456	Validate
				5457	VirtualPixel
				5458	</pre>
				5459
				5460	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<code>-list
				5461	list</code>" to get a complete listing of all the "<code>-list</code>" arguments
				5462	available:</p>
				5463
				5464	<pre>
				5465	identify -list list
				5466	</pre>
				5467
				5468	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5469	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="log"></a>-log <var>string</var></h3>
				5470	</div>
				5471
				5472	<p class="magick-description">Specify format for debug log.</p>
				5473
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5474	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
				5475	href="command-line-options.html#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5476
				5477	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
				5478	characters:</p>
				5479
				5480	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5481	<dt>%d</dt><dd>domain</dd>
				5482	<dt>%e</dt><dd>event</dd>
				5483	<dt>%f</dt><dd>function</dd>
				5484	<dt>%l</dt><dd>line</dd>
				5485	<dt>%m</dt><dd>module</dd>
				5486	<dt>%p</dt><dd>process ID</dd>
				5487	<dt>%r</dt><dd>real CPU time</dd>
				5488	<dt>%t</dt><dd>wall clock time</dd>
				5489	<dt>%u</dt><dd>user CPU time</dd>
				5490	<dt>%%</dt><dd>percent sign</dd>
				5491	<dt>\n</dt><dd>newline</dd>
				5492	<dt>\r</dt><dd>carriage return</dd>
				5493	</dl>
				5494
				5495	<p>For example:</p>
				5496
				5497	<pre>
				5498	convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png
				5499	</pre>
				5500
				5501	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				5502
				5503	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5504	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="loop"></a>-loop <var>iterations</var></h3>
				5505	</div>
				5506
				5507	<p class="magick-description">add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</p>
				5508
				5509	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
				5510	otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <var>iterations</var>
				5511	times.</p>
				5512
				5513	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5514	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <var>color</var></h3>
				5515	</div>
				5516
				5517	<p class="magick-description">when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</p>
				5518
				5519	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5520	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="magnify"></a>-magnify</h3>
				5521	</div>
				5522
				5523	<p class="magick-description">double the size of the image with pixel art scaling.</p>
				5524
				5525
				5526	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5527	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="map"></a>-map <var>type</var></h3>
				5528	</div>
				5529
				5530	<p class="magick-description">Display image using this <var>type</var>.</p>
				5531
				5532	<p>Choose from these <var>Standard Colormap</var> types:</p>
				5533
				5534	<pre>
				5535	best
				5536	default
				5537	gray
				5538	red
				5539	green
				5540	blue
				5541	</pre>
				5542
				5543	<p>The <var>X server</var> must support the <var>Standard
				5544	Colormap</var> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <code>list</code> as
				5545	the type and <code>display</code> searches the list of colormap types in
				5546	<code>top-to-bottom</code> order until one is located. See <var>xstdcmap(1)</var> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
				5547
				5548
				5549	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5550	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="map_stream_"></a>-map <var>components</var></h3>
				5551	</div>
				5552
				5553	<p class="magick-description">pixel map.</p>
				5554
				5555	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				5556
				5557	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5558	<dt>r</dt><dd> red pixel component</dd>
				5559	<dt>g</dt><dd> green pixel component</dd>
				5560	<dt>b</dt><dd> blue pixel component</dd>
				5561	<dt>a</dt><dd> alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)</dd>
				5562	<dt>o</dt><dd> opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)</dd>
				5563	<dt>i</dt><dd> grayscale intensity pixel component</dd>
				5564	<dt>c</dt><dd> cyan pixel component</dd>
				5565	<dt>m</dt><dd> magenta pixel component</dd>
				5566	<dt>y</dt><dd> yellow pixel component</dd>
				5567	<dt>k</dt><dd> black pixel component</dd>
				5568	<dt>p</dt><dd> pad component (always 0)</dd>
				5569	</dl>
				5570
				5571	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
				5572	bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				5573
				5574
				5575	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5576	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mask"></a>-mask
				5577	<var>filename</var></h3>
				5578	</div>
				5579
				5580	<p class="magick-description">Prevent updates to image pixels specified by the mask.</p>
				5581
				5582	<p>This the same as using a mask used for composite masking operations, with
				5583	grayscale values causing blended updates of the image the mask is attached to.
				5584	</p>
				5585
				5586	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#mask">+mask</a> to remove the mask from images.</p>
				5587
				5588	<p>Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#clip-mask">-clip-mask</a> which work in the same way,
				5589	but with strict boolean masking. </p>
				5590
				5591	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5592	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <var>color</var></h3>
				5593	</div>
				5594
				5595	<p class="magick-description">Specify the color to be used with the <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option.</p>
				5596
				5597	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5598
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5599	<p>The default matte color is <code>#BDBDBD</code>, <span
				5600	style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5601
				5602	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5603	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h3>
				5604	</div>
				5605
				5606	<p class="magick-description">return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</p>
				5607
				5608	<p>Select the 'maximum' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				5609
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5610	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5611	name. </p>
				5612
				5613	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5614	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="median"></a>-median <var>geometry</var></h3>
				5615	</div>
				5616
				5617	<p class="magick-description">apply a median filter to the image.</p>
				5618
				5619	<p>Select the 'middle' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				5620
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5621	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5622	name. </p>
				5623
				5624	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5625	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mean-shift"></a>-mean-shift <var>width</var>x<var>height</var>{<var>+distance</var>{%}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5626	</div>
				5627
				5628	<p class="magick-description">image noise removal and color reduction/segmentation (e.g. -mean-shift 7x7+10%).</p>
				5629
				5630	<p><var>width</var>x<var>height</var> is the window size and <var>distance</var> is the color distance measured in the range 0 to 1 or 0 to 100%</p>
				5631
				5632	<p>The mean shift algorithm is iterative and thus slower the larger the window size. For each pixel, it gets all the pixels in the window centered at the pixel and excludes those that are outside the <var>radius=sqrt((width-1)(height-1)/4)</var> surrounding the pixel. From those pixels, it finds which of them are within the specified squared color distance from the current mean. It then computes a new x,y centroid from those coordinates and a new mean. This new x,y centroid is used as the center for a new window. This process is iterated until it converges and the final mean is then used to replace the original pixel value. It repeats this process for the next pixel, etc, until it processes all pixels in the image. Results are better when using other colorspaces rather than RGB. Recommend YIQ, YUV or YCbCr, which seem to give equivalent results.</p>
				5633
				5634	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5635	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="metric"></a>-metric <var>type</var></h3>
				5636	</div>
				5637
				5638	<p class="magick-description">Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <var>type</var> given metric.</p>
				5639
				5640	<p>Choose from:</p>
				5641
				5642	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				5643	<dt>AE</dt><dd> absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)</dd>
				5644	<dt>FUZZ</dt><dd> mean color distance</dd>
				5645	<dt>MAE</dt><dd> mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance</dd>
				5646	<dt>MEPP</dt><dd> mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)</dd>
				5647	<dt>MSE</dt><dd> mean error squared, average of the channel error squared</dd>
				5648	<dt>NCC</dt><dd> normalized cross correlation</dd>
				5649	<dt>PAE</dt><dd> peak absolute (normalized peak absolute)</dd>
				5650	<dt>PHASH</dt><dd> perceptual hash</dd>
				5651	<dt>PSNR</dt><dd> peak signal to noise ratio</dd>
				5652	<dt>RMSE</dt><dd> root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)</dd>
				5653	</dl>
				5654
				5655	<p>Control the '<code>AE</code>', or absolute count of pixels that are different,
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5656	with the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor (ignore pixels which
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5657	only changed by a small amount). Use '<code>PAE</code>' to find the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5658	size of the <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5659	'similar', while '<code>MAE</code>' determines the factor needed
				5660	for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
				5661
				5662	<p>The '<code>MEPP</code>' metric returns three different metrics
				5663	('<code>MAE</code>', '<code>MAE</code>' normalized, and '<code>PAE</code>'
				5664	normalized) from a single comparison run. </p>
				5665
				5666	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				5667	metric</a> option.</p>
				5668
				5669
				5670	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5671	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h3>
				5672	</div>
				5673
				5674	<p class="magick-description">return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</p>
				5675
				5676	<p>Select the 'minimal' value from all the surrounding pixels. </p>
				5677
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5678	<p>This is legacy option from the <a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >method</a> of the same
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5679	name. </p>
				5680
				5681
				5682
				5683	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5684	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mode"></a>-mode <var>geometry</var></h3>
				5685	</div>
				5686
				5687	<p class="magick-description">make each pixel the \'predominant color\' of the neighborhood.'</p>
				5688
				5689	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5690	<h3 class="magick-header">-mode <var>value</var></h3>
				5691	</div>
				5692
				5693	<p class="magick-description">Mode of operation.</p>
				5694
				5695	<p>Choose the <var>value</var> from these styles: <code>Frame,
				5696	Unframe, or Concatenate</code></p>
				5697
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5698	<p>Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list</a> option with a '<code>Mode</code>' argument
				5699	for a list of <a href="command-line-options.html#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5700	ImageMagick installation.</p>
				5701
				5702
				5703	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5704	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="modulate"></a>-modulate <var>brightness</var>[,<var>saturation</var>,<var>hue</var>]</h3>
				5705	</div>
				5706
				5707	<p class="magick-description">Vary the <var>brightness</var>, <var>saturation</var>, and <var>hue</var> of an image.</p>
				5708
				5709	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				5710	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
				5711
				5712	<p>The <var>brightness</var> is a multiplier of the overall
				5713	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				5714	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">-negate</a> the image
				5715	before and after. </p>
				5716
				5717	<p>The <var>saturation</var> controls the amount of color in an
				5718	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				5719	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
				5720
				5721	<p>The <var>hue</var> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				5722	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				5723	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				5724	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				5725	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				5726	the original image. </p>
				5727
				5728	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5729	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				5730	href="command-line-options.html#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5731
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5732	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> attribute of '<code
				5733	>option:modulate:colorspace</code>' to specify which colorspace to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5734	modulate. Choose from <code>HCL</code>, <code>HCLp</code>, <code>HSB</code>, <code>HSI</code>, <code>HSL</code> (the default), <code>HSV</code>, <code>HWB</code>, or <code>LCH</code> (LCHuv). For example,</p>
				5735
				5736	<pre>
				5737	convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png
				5738	</pre>
				5739
				5740	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5741	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="moments"></a>-moments</h3>
				5742	</div>
				5743
				5744	<p class="magick-description">report image moments and perceptual hash.</p>
				5745
				5746
				5747	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5748	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h3>
				5749	</div>
				5750
				5751	<p class="magick-description">monitor progress.</p>
				5752
				5753
				5754	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5755	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h3>
				5756	</div>
				5757
				5758	<p class="magick-description">transform the image to black and white.</p>
				5759
				5760	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5761	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="morph"></a>-morph <var>frames</var></h3>
				5762	</div>
				5763
				5764	<p class="magick-description">morphs an image sequence.</p>
				5765
				5766	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				5767	appearance of a metamorphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5768	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				5769	href="command-line-options.html#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <var>frames</var>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5770	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				5771
				5772
				5773	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5774	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h3>
				5775	<h3 class="magick-header">-morphology <var>method</var> <var>kernel</var></h3>
				5776	</div>
				5777
				5778	<p class="magick-description">apply a morphology method to the image.</p>
				5779
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5780	<p>Until I get around to writing an option summary for this, see <a
				5781	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5782	Morphology</a>. </p>
				5783
				5784
				5785	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5786	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h3>
				5787	</div>
				5788
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5789	<p class="magick-description">an simple alias for the <a href="command-line-options.html#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5790
				5791
				5792	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5793	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <var>radius</var><br />-motion-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>+<var>angle</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5794	</div>
				5795
				5796	<p class="magick-description">simulate motion blur.</p>
				5797
				5798	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				5799	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				5800	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5801
				5802	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
				5803	definite sense of direction of movement. </p>
				5804
				5805	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				5806	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				5807	</p>
				5808
				5809	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5810	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="name"></a>-name</h3>
				5811	</div>
				5812
				5813	<p class="magick-description">name an image.</p>
				5814	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5815	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="negate"></a>-negate</h3>
				5816	</div>
				5817
				5818	<p class="magick-description">replace each pixel with its complementary color.</p>
				5819
				5820	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes
				5821	black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#negate">+negate</a> to only
				5822	negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				5823
				5824	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5825	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="noise"></a>-noise <var>geometry</var><br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5826	+noise <var>type</var></h3>
				5827	</div>
				5828
				5829	<p class="magick-description">Add or reduce noise in an image.</p>
				5830
				5831	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the
				5832	objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating
				5833	undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel
				5834	with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been
				5835	found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is
				5836	a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				5837
				5838	<p>Use <code><a href="command-line-options.html#noise">-noise</a> <var>radius</var></code> to
				5839	specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise. This is equivalent
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5840	to using a <code><a href="command-line-options.html#statistic" >-statistic</a> NonPeak</code> operation,
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5841	which should be used in preference.</p>
				5842
				5843	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <var>type</var> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise
				5844	types:</p>
				5845
				5846	<pre>
				5847	Gaussian
				5848	Impulse
				5849	Laplacian
				5850	Multiplicative
				5851	Poisson
				5852	Random
				5853	Uniform
				5854	</pre>
				5855
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5856	<p>The amount of noise added can be controlled by the <code><a
				5857	href="command-line-options.html#attenuate" >-attenuate</a></code> setting. If unset the value is
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5858	equivalent to 1.0, or a maximum noise addition.</p>
				5859
				5860	<p>Note that Random will replace the image with noise rather than add noise to the image. Use Uniform, if you wish to add random noise to the image.</p>
				5861
				5862	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				5863
				5864	<p>Also see the <a href="command-line-options.html#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allows
				5865	the use of a controlling value to specify the amount of noise that should be
				5866	added to an image. </p>
				5867
				5868
				5869	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5870	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h3>
				5871	</div>
				5872
				5873	<p class="magick-description">Increase the contrast in an image by <var>stretching</var> the range of intensity values.</p>
				5874
				5875	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				5876	values. While doing so, black-out at most <var>2%</var> of the pixels and
				5877	white-out at most <var>1%</var> of the pixels.</p>
				5878
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5879	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="command-line-options.html#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				5880	is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				5881	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch"
				5882	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5883
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5884	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the same amount so as to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5885	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >+channel</a>
				5886	setting is in use. Specifying any other <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5887	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				5888
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5889	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a> for more details.
				5890	Also see <a href="command-line-options.html#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5891	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
				5892
				5893	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				5894
				5895
				5896	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5897	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="opaque"></a>-opaque <var>color</var></h3>
				5898	</div>
				5899
				5900	<p class="magick-description">change this color to the fill color within the image.</p>
				5901
				5902	<p>The <var>color</var> argument is defined using the format
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5903	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz"
				5904	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5905	given.</p>
				5906
				5907	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				5908	the target color. </p>
				5909
				5910	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5911	as <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5912	transparency rather than the current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				5913	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5914	channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</code>", for
				5915	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				5916	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5917
				5918
				5919	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5920	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <var>threshold_map</var>{,<var>level</var>...}</h3>
				5921	</div>
				5922
				5923	<p class="magick-description">dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <var>threshold map</var> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				5924	given number of <var>levels</var> per color channel.</p>
				5925
				5926	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				5927
				5928	<pre class="pre-scrollable">
				5929	threshold 1x1 Threshold 1x1 (non-dither)
				5930	checks 2x1 Checkerboard 2x1 (dither)
				5931	o2x2 2x2 Ordered 2x2 (dispersed)
				5932	o3x3 3x3 Ordered 3x3 (dispersed)
				5933	o4x4 4x4 Ordered 4x4 (dispersed)
				5934	o8x8 8x8 Ordered 8x8 (dispersed)
				5935	h3x4a 4x1 Halftone 4x4 (angled)
				5936	h6x6a 6x1 Halftone 6x6 (angled)
				5937	h8x8a 8x1 Halftone 8x8 (angled)
				5938	h3x4o Halftone 4x4 (orthogonal)
				5939	h6x6o Halftone 6x6 (orthogonal)
				5940	h8x8o Halftone 8x8 (orthogonal)
				5941	h36x16o Halftone 16x16 (orthogonal)
				5942	c5x5b c5x5 Circles 5x5 (black)
				5943	c5x5w Circles 5x5 (white)
				5944	c6x6b c6x6 Circles 6x6 (black)
				5945	c6x6w Circles 6x6 (white)
				5946	c7x7b c7x7 Circles 7x7 (black)
				5947	c7x7w Circles 7x7 (white)
				5948	</pre>
				5949
				5950	<p> The <code>threshold</code> generated a simple 50% threshold of the image.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5951	This could be used with <var >level</var> to do the equivalent of <a
				5952	href="command-line-options.html#posterize" >-posterize</a> to reduce an image to basic primary colors.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5953	</p>
				5954
				5955	<p>The <code>checks</code> pattern produces a 3 level checkerboard dither
				5956	pattern. That is a grayscale will become a pattern of solid black, solid
				5957	white, and mid-tone colors into a checkerboard pattern of black and white.
				5958	</p>
				5959
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5960	<p>You can define your own <var >threshold map</var> for ordered
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5961	dithering and halftoning your images, in either personal or system
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5962	<code>thresholds.xml</code> XML file. See <a href="resources.html" >Resources</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5963	for more details of configuration files. </p>
				5964
				5965	<p>To print a complete list of the thresholds that have been defined, use the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5966	<a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list threshold</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5967
				5968	<p>Note that at this time the same threshold dithering map is used for all
				5969	color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for different
				5970	channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. Also as the maps are
				5971	simple threshold levels, the halftone and circle maps will create incomplete
				5972	circles along the edges of a colored area. Also all the effects are purely
				5973	on/off boolean effects, without anti-aliasing to make the circles smooth
				5974	looking. Large dots can be made to look better with a small amount of blurring
				5975	after being created. </p>
				5976
				5977
				5978	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5979	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="orient"></a>-orient <var>image orientation</var></h3>
				5980	</div>
				5981
				5982	<p class="magick-description">specify orientation of a digital camera image.</p>
				5983
				5984	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				5985
				5986	<pre>
				5987	bottom-left right-top
				5988	bottom-right top-left
				5989	left-bottom top-right
				5990	left-top undefined
				5991	right-bottom
				5992	</pre>
				5993
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5994	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list" >-list
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	5995	orientation</a> option.</p>
				5996
				5997
				5998	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	5999	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="page"></a>-page <var>geometry</var><br/>
				6000	-page <var>media</var>[<var>offset</var>][{<var>^!<></var>}]<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6001	+page
				6002	</h3>
				6003	</div>
				6004
				6005	<p class="magick-description">Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</p>
				6006
				6007	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6008
				6009	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <var>media</var> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6010	<var>geometry</var> arguments (e.g. <a
				6011	href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> <code>Letter+43+43</code>).</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6012
				6013	<p>Use <var>media</var> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<var>width</var>x<var>height</var>) of the <var>PostScript</var> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels.
				6014	The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				6015
				6016	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				6017	<dt> 11x17 </dt> <dd> 792 x 1224</dd>
				6018	<dt> Ledger </dt> <dd> 1224 x 792</dd>
				6019	<dt> Legal </dt> <dd> 612 x 1008</dd>
				6020	<dt> Letter </dt> <dd> 612 x 792</dd>
				6021	<dt> LetterSmall</dt> <dd> 612 x 792</dd>
				6022	<dt> ArchE </dt> <dd> 2592 x 3456</dd>
				6023	<dt> ArchD </dt> <dd> 1728 x 2592</dd>
				6024	<dt> ArchC </dt> <dd> 1296 x 1728</dd>
				6025	<dt> ArchB </dt> <dd> 864 x 1296</dd>
				6026	<dt> ArchA </dt> <dd> 648 x 864</dd>
				6027	<dt> A0 </dt> <dd> 2380 x 3368</dd>
				6028	<dt> A1 </dt> <dd> 1684 x 2380</dd>
				6029	<dt> A2 </dt> <dd> 1190 x 1684</dd>
				6030	<dt> A3 </dt> <dd> 842 x 1190</dd>
				6031	<dt> A4 </dt> <dd> 595 x 842</dd>
				6032	<dt> A4Small </dt> <dd> 595 x 842</dd>
				6033	<dt> A5 </dt> <dd> 421 x 595</dd>
				6034	<dt> A6 </dt> <dd> 297 x 421</dd>
				6035	<dt> A7 </dt> <dd> 210 x 297</dd>
				6036	<dt> A8 </dt> <dd> 148 x 210</dd>
				6037	<dt> A9 </dt> <dd> 105 x 148</dd>
				6038	<dt> A10 </dt> <dd> 74 x 105</dd>
				6039	<dt> B0 </dt> <dd> 2836 x 4008</dd>
				6040	<dt> B1 </dt> <dd> 2004 x 2836</dd>
				6041	<dt> B2 </dt> <dd> 1418 x 2004</dd>
				6042	<dt> B3 </dt> <dd> 1002 x 1418</dd>
				6043	<dt> B4 </dt> <dd> 709 x 1002</dd>
				6044	<dt> B5 </dt> <dd> 501 x 709</dd>
				6045	<dt> C0 </dt> <dd> 2600 x 3677</dd>
				6046	<dt> C1 </dt> <dd> 1837 x 2600</dd>
				6047	<dt> C2 </dt> <dd> 1298 x 1837</dd>
				6048	<dt> C3 </dt> <dd> 918 x 1298</dd>
				6049	<dt> C4 </dt> <dd> 649 x 918</dd>
				6050	<dt> C5 </dt> <dd> 459 x 649</dd>
				6051	<dt> C6 </dt> <dd> 323 x 459</dd>
				6052	<dt> Flsa </dt> <dd> 612 x 936</dd>
				6053	<dt> Flse </dt> <dd> 612 x 936</dd>
				6054	<dt> HalfLetter </dt> <dd> 396 x 612</dd>
				6055	</dl>
				6056
				6057	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image
				6058	format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this
				6059	purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas
				6060	and are not affected by the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To
				6061	position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a><var>{+-}x{+-}y</var> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG
				6062	file, a <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in
				6063	the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values
				6064	that are written in the <code>MHDR</code> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and
				6065	height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the
				6066	sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to
				6067	determine its dimensions.</p>
				6068
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6069	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a
				6070	href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <var>lower
				6071	left-hand corner</var> of the page by {+-}<code>x</code><var>offset</var>{+-}<code>y</code> <var>offset</var>. Use <a
				6072	href="command-line-options.html#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6073	page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the
				6074	page. The default gravity for the <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> option is <var>NorthWest</var>, i.e., positive <code>x</code> and <code>y</code> <var>offset</var> are measured rightward and downward from the top left
				6075	corner of the page, unless the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option is
				6076	present with a value other than <var>NorthWest</var>.</p>
				6077
				6078	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				6079
				6080	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a>.</p>
				6081
				6082	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				6083
				6084	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6085	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="paint"></a>-paint <var>radius</var></h3>
				6086	</div>
				6087
				6088	<p class="magick-description">simulate an oil painting.</p>
				6089
				6090	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular
				6091	neighborhood whose width is specified with <var>radius</var>.</p>
				6092
				6093	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6094	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="path"></a>-path <var>path</var></h3></div>
				6095
				6096	<p class="magick-description">write images to this path on disk.</p>
				6097
				6098	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6099	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <var>seconds</var></h3>
				6100	</div>
				6101
				6102	<p class="magick-description">Pause between animation loops</p>
				6103
				6104	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				6105
				6106	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6107	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <var>seconds</var></h3>
				6108	</div>
				6109
				6110	<p class="magick-description">Pause between snapshots.</p>
				6111
				6112	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				6113
				6114	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6115	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="perceptible"></a>-perceptible <var>epsilon</var></h3>
				6116	</div>
				6117
				6118	<p class="magick-description">set each pixel whose value is less than \|<var>epsilon</var>\| to <var>-epsilon</var> or <var>epsilon</var> (whichever is closer) otherwise the pixel value remains unchanged.</p>
				6119
				6120	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6121	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="ping"></a>-ping</h3>
				6122	</div>
				6123
				6124	<p class="magick-description">efficiently determine image characteristics.</p>
				6125
				6126	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6127	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <var>value</var></h3>
				6128	</div>
				6129
				6130	<p class="magick-description">pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</p>
				6131
				6132	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6133	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <var>angle</var></h3>
				6134	</div>
				6135
				6136	<p class="magick-description">simulate a Polaroid picture.</p>
				6137
				6138	<p>Use <code>+polaroid</code> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				6139
				6140	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6141	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="poly"></a>-poly <var>"wt,exp ..."</var></h3>
				6142	</div>
				6143
				6144	<p class="magick-description">combines multiple images according to a weighted sum of polynomials; one floating point weight (coefficient) and one floating point polynomial exponent (power) for each image expressed as comma separated pairs.</p>
				6145
				6146	<p> The weights should typically be fractions between -1 and 1. But the sum of weights should be 1 or at least between 0 and 1 to avoid clamping in non-hdri mode at black and white.</p>
				6147
				6148	<p>The exponents may be positive, negative or zero. A negative exponent is equivalent to 1 divided by the image raised to the corresponding positive exponent. A zero exponent always produces 1 scaled by quantumrange to white, i.e. wt*white, no matter what the image.</p>
				6149
				6150	<p>The format is: <var>output = wt1image1^exp1 + wt2image2^exp2 </var>...</p>
				6151
				6152	<p>Some simple uses are:</p>
				6153	<ul>
				6154	<li>A weighted sum of each image provided all weights add to unity and all exponents=1. If the the weights are all equal to 1/(number of images), then this is equivalent to <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-evaluate-sequence</a> <var>mean</var>.</li>
				6155	<li>The sum of squares of two or more images, provided the weights are equal (and sum to 1 to avoid clamping) and the exponents equal 2.</li>
				6156	</ul>
				6157
				6158	<p>Note that one may add a constant color to the expression simply by using xc:somecolor for one of the images and specifying the desired weight and exponent equal to 0.</p>
				6159
				6160	<p>Similarly one may add white to the expression by simply using null: (or xc:white) for one of the images with the appropriate weight and exponent equal to 0.</p>
				6161
				6162
				6163	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6164	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="posterize"></a>-posterize <var>levels</var></h3>
				6165	</div>
				6166
				6167	<p class="magick-description">reduce the image to a limited number of color levels per channel.</p>
				6168
				6169	<p>Very low values of <var>levels</var>, e.g., 2, 3, 4, have the most
				6170	visible effect.</p>
				6171
				6172	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6173	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="precision"></a>-precision <var>value</var></h3>
				6174	</div>
				6175
				6176	<p class="magick-description">set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</p>
				6177
				6178	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6179	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="preview"></a>-preview <var>type</var></h3>
				6180	</div>
				6181
				6182	<p class="magick-description">image preview type.</p>
				6183
				6184	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g.
				6185	<code>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</code>). Choose from
				6186	these previews:</p>
				6187
				6188	<pre class="pre-scrollable">
				6189	AddNoise
				6190	Blur
				6191	Brightness
				6192	Charcoal
				6193	Despeckle
				6194	Dull
				6195	EdgeDetect
				6196	Gamma
				6197	Grayscale
				6198	Hue
				6199	Implode
				6200	JPEG
				6201	OilPaint
				6202	Quantize
				6203	Raise
				6204	ReduceNoise
				6205	Roll
				6206	Rotate
				6207	Saturation
				6208	Segment
				6209	Shade
				6210	Sharpen
				6211	Shear
				6212	Solarize
				6213	Spiff
				6214	Spread
				6215	Swirl
				6216	Threshold
				6217	Wave
				6218	</pre>
				6219
				6220	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				6221
				6222	<p>The default preview is <code>JPEG</code>.</p>
				6223
				6224	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6225	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="print"></a>-print <var>string</var></h3>
				6226	</div>
				6227
				6228	<p class="magick-description">interpret string and print to console.</p>
				6229
				6230	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6231	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="process"></a>-process <var>command</var></h3>
				6232	</div>
				6233
				6234	<p class="magick-description">process the image with a custom image filter.</p>
				6235
				6236	<p>The command arguments has the form <code>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ...
				6237	argN"</code> where <code>module</code> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g.
				6238	"Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to
				6239	pass to the process module.</p>
				6240
				6241	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6242	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="profile"></a>-profile <var>filename</var><br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6243	+profile <var>profile_name</var></h3>
				6244	</div>
				6245
				6246	<p class="magick-description">Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</p>
				6247
				6248	<p>Using <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> <var>filename</var> adds an
				6249	ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile
				6250	to the image.</p>
				6251
				6252	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">+profile <var>profile_name</var></a> to
				6253	remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so
				6254	wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we
				6255	remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <code>+profile
				6256	"!xmp,*"</code>. </p>
				6257
				6258	<p>Use <code>identify -verbose</code> to find out which profiles are in the
				6259	image file. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and
				6260	comments).</p>
				6261
				6262	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> option is not
				6263	used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <var>APP1, 8BIM, ICM,</var> or <var>IPTC</var>.</p>
				6264
				6265	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the
				6266	<var>APP1</var> profile), use.</p>
				6267
				6268	<pre>
				6269	convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif
				6270	</pre>
				6271
				6272	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6273	original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a
				6274	href="command-line-options.html#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6275	therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the
				6276	command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is
				6277	CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				6278
				6279	<pre>
				6280	convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff
				6281	</pre>
				6282
				6283	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra
				6284	conversion steps can yield unwanted results. CMYK profiles are often very
				6285	asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				6286	</p>
				6287
				6288	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6289	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="quality"></a>-quality <var>value</var></h3>
				6290	</div>
				6291
				6292	<p class="magick-description">JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</p>
				6293
				6294	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 1 (lowest image quality and
				6295	highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression).
				6296	The default is to use the estimated quality of your input image if it can
				6297	be determined, otherwise 92. When the quality is greater than 90, then the
				6298	chroma channels are not downsampled.
				6299	Use the <a href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the
				6300	factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
				6301
				6302	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear
				6303	equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This
				6304	non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by
				6305	the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 100, a request for non-lossy
				6306	compression. A quality of 75 results in a request for 16:1 compression.</p>
				6307
				6308	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib
				6309	compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). The default
				6310	PNG "quality" is 75, which means compression level 7 with adaptive PNG
				6311	filtering, unless the image has a color map, in which case it means
				6312	compression level 7 with no PNG filtering.</p>
				6313
				6314	<p>For compression level 0 (quality value less than 10), the Huffman-only
				6315	strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst
				6316	compression.</p>
				6317
				6318	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified PNG filter-type is used for
				6319	all scanlines:</p>
				6320
				6321	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				6322	<dt>0</dt><dd>none</dd>
				6323	<dt>1</dt><dd>sub</dd>
				6324	<dt>2</dt><dd>up</dd>
				6325	<dt>3</dt><dd>average</dd>
				6326	<dt>4</dt><dd>Paeth</dd>
				6327	</dl>
				6328
				6329	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater
				6330	than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is
				6331	used.</p>
				6332
				6333	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering
				6334	with <var>minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</var> is used.</p>
				6335
				6336	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color
				6337	transformation (intrapixel differencing) and adaptive filtering
				6338	with <var>minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</var> are used.</p>
				6339
				6340	<p>If the filter-type is 8 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy (or the
				6341	Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY strategy, when compression level is 0) is used with
				6342	adaptive PNG filtering.</p>
				6343
				6344	<p>If the filter-type is 9 the zlib Z_RLE compression strategy (or the
				6345	Z_HUFFMAN_ONLY strategy, when compression level is 0) is used with
				6346	no PNG filtering.</p>
				6347
				6348	<p>The quality setting has no effect on the appearance or signature of PNG
				6349	and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				6350
				6351	<p>Not all combinations of compression level, strategy, and PNG filter type
				6352	can be obtained using the -quality option. For more precise control,
				6353	you can use the PNG:compression-level=N, PNG:compression-strategy=N, and
				6354	PNG:compression-filter=N defines, respectively, instead.
				6355	See <a href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a>. Values from the defines take precedence
				6356	over values from the -quality option.</p>
				6357
				6358	<p>For further information, see
				6359	the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				6360
				6361	<p>For the MIFF and TIFF image formats, quality/10 is the <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">Zip/BZip</a> compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				6362
				6363	<p>For the BPG image format, quality/2 is the actual BPG compression level (range from 0 to 51).</p>
				6364
				6365	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6366	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="quantize"></a>-quantize <var>colorspace</var></h3>
				6367	</div>
				6368
				6369	<p class="magick-description">reduce colors using this colorspace.</p>
				6370
				6371	<p>This setting defines the colorspace used to sort out and reduce the number
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6372	of colors needed by an image (for later dithering) by operators such as <a
				6373	href="command-line-options.html#colors" >-colors</a>, Note that color reduction also happens
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6374	automatically when saving images to color-limited image file formats, such as
				6375	GIF, and PNG8.</p>
				6376
				6377
				6378	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6379	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h3>
				6380	</div>
				6381
				6382	<p class="magick-description">suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</p>
				6383
				6384	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6385	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <var>angle</var></h3>
				6386	</div>
				6387
				6388	<p class="magick-description">Blur around the center of the image.</p>
				6389
				6390	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				6391	such actually mis-named. </p>
				6392
				6393	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				6394	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				6395	</p>
				6396
				6397
				6398	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6399	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="raise"></a>-raise <var>thickness</var></h3>
				6400	</div>
				6401
				6402	<p class="magick-description">Lighten or darken image edges.</p>
				6403
				6404	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> to create
				6405	a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="command-line-options.html#raise">+raise</a>. </p>
				6406
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6407	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="command-line-options.html#frame">-frame</a> option, <a
				6408	href="command-line-options.html#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6409
				6410	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6411	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <var>low</var>x<var>high</var></h3>
				6412	</div>
				6413
				6414	<p class="magick-description">Apply a random threshold to the image.</p>
				6415
				6416	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6417	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <var>x,y</var></h3>
				6418	</div>
				6419
				6420	<p class="magick-description">Set the red chromaticity primary point.</p>
				6421
				6422	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6423	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h3>
				6424	</div>
				6425
				6426	<p class="magick-description">Pay attention to warning messages.</p>
				6427
				6428	<p>This option causes some warnings in some image formats to be treated
				6429	as errors. </p>
				6430
				6431	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6432	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="remap"></a>-remap <var>filename</var></h3>
				6433	</div>
				6434
				6435	<p class="magick-description">Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</p>
				6436
				6437	<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				6438	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				6439	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				6440
				6441	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				6442	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				6443	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				6444	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				6445	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				6446
				6447	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				6448	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				6449	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				6450	reducing those images using <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				6451	limit, then <a href="command-line-options.html#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				6452	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				6453
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6454	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				6455	href="command-line-options.html#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6456	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6457	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				6458	href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6459	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				6460
				6461	<p>Note, the remap image colormap has at most 8-bits of precision. Deeper color maps are automagically coalesced with other colors to meet this requirement.</p>
				6462
				6463	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6464	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="region"></a>-region <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6465	</div>
				6466
				6467	<p class="magick-description">Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</p>
				6468
				6469	<p>The <var>x</var> and <var>y</var> offsets are treated
				6470	in the same manner as in <a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				6471
				6472	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6473
				6474	<p>Use <code>+region</code> to remove any previously set regions.</p>
				6475
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6476	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6477	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="remote"></a>-remote</h3>
				6478	</div>
				6479
				6480	<p class="magick-description">perform a remote operation.</p>
				6481
				6482	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				6483
				6484	<p>If you have more than one <a href="display.html">display</a> application
				6485	running simultaneously, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#window"> window</a> option to
				6486	specify which application to control.</p>
				6487
				6488	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6489	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="render"></a>-render</h3>
				6490	</div>
				6491
				6492	<p class="magick-description">render vector operations.</p>
				6493
				6494	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations.
				6495	This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				6496
				6497	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6498	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="repage"></a>-repage <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6499	</div>
				6500
				6501	<p class="magick-description">Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</p>
				6502
				6503	<p>This option is like <a href="command-line-options.html#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				6504	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				6505	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				6506
				6507	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6508
				6509	<p>If a <code>!</code> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				6510	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				6511	animation sequences. </p>
				6512
				6513	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<code>0x0</code>' forces it to
				6514	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				6515	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				6516
				6517	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				6518	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				6519
				6520	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set</a> '<code>page</code>' option can be used to
				6521	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				6522
				6523
				6524	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6525	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="resample"></a>-resample <var>horizontal</var>x<var>vertical</var></h3>
				6526	</div>
				6527
				6528	<p class="magick-description">Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</p>
				6529
				6530	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original
				6531	at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at
				6532	3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to
				6533	72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that
				6534	only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of
				6535	storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6536	resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a
				6537	href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6538	resample resolution.</p>
				6539
				6540	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary
				6541	embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will
				6542	continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image
				6543	resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				6544
				6545	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6546	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="resize"></a>-resize <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6547	</div>
				6548
				6549	<p class="magick-description">Resize an image.</p>
				6550
				6551	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				6552	ignored, and the <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				6553
				6554	<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> option
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6555	or <code>-define filter:option=value</code> precedes the <a
				6556	href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6557	filter.</p>
				6558
				6559	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light
				6560	coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma
				6561	correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				6562
				6563	<pre>
				6564	convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \
				6565	-quality 92 passport.jpg
				6566	</pre>
				6567
				6568	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6569	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h3>
				6570	</div>
				6571
				6572	<p class="magick-description">settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</p>
				6573
				6574	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6575	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h3>
				6576	</div>
				6577
				6578	<p class="magick-description">Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</p>
				6579
				6580
				6581	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6582	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="roll"></a>-roll {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var></h3>
				6583	</div>
				6584
				6585	<p class="magick-description">roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</p>
				6586
				6587	<p>A negative <var>x</var> offset rolls the image right-to-left.
				6588	A negative <var>y</var> offset rolls the image bottom-to-top.</p>
				6589
				6590
				6591	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6592	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="rotate"></a>-rotate <var>degrees</var>{<var><</var>}{<var>></var>}</h3>
				6593	</div>
				6594
				6595	<p class="magick-description">Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</p>
				6596
				6597	<p>Use <code>></code> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the
				6598	height. <code><</code> rotates the image <var>only</var> if its width is less
				6599	than the height. For example, if you specify <code>-rotate "-90>"</code> and
				6600	the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is
				6601	640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <code>></code> or
				6602	<code><</code>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being
				6603	misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				6604
				6605	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				6606	filled with the <code>background</code> color. </p>
				6607
				6608	<p>See also the <a href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				6609	'<code>ScaleRotateTranslate</code>' distort method. </p>
				6610
				6611
				6612	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6613	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sample"></a>-sample <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6614	</div>
				6615
				6616	<p class="magick-description">minify / magnify the image with pixel subsampling and pixel replication, respectively.</p>
				6617
				6618	<p>Change the image size simply by directly sampling the pixels original
				6619	from the image. When magnifying, pixels are replicated in blocks. When
				6620	minifying, pixels are sub-sampled (i.e., some rows and columns are skipped
				6621	over). </p>
				6622
				6623	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
				6624	a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>point</code> (nearest
				6625	neighbor), though <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster, as it
				6626	avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it completely ignores
				6627	the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				6628
				6629	<p>The key feature of the <a href="command-line-options.html#sample">-sample</a> is that no new colors
				6630	will be added to the resulting image, though some colors may disappear. </p>
				6631
				6632	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are
				6633	ignored, unlike <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>. </p>
				6634
				6635
				6636	<p>The actual sampling point is the middle of the sub-region being sampled.
				6637	As such a single pixel sampling of an image will take the middle pixel, (or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6638	top-left-middle if image has even dimensions). However the <a
				6639	href="command-line-options.html#define">-define</a> '<code>sample:offset</code>' can be set to modify
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6640	this position some other location within each sub-region being sampled, as
				6641	a percentage offset.</p>
				6642
				6643	<p>By default this value is '<code>50</code>' for the midpoint, but could be set
				6644	to '<code>0</code>' for top-left, '<code>100</code>' for bottom-right, or with
				6645	separate X and Y offsets such as '<code>0x50</code>' for left-middle edge of
				6646	sampling sub-region.</p>
				6647
				6648
				6649	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6650	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <var>horizontal-factor</var>x<var>vertical-factor</var></h3>
				6651	</div>
				6652
				6653	<p class="magick-description">sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</p>
				6654
				6655	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder
				6656	for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use
				6657	its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6658	writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a
				6659	href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a
				6660	href="command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6661	downsampling method.</p>
				6662
				6663	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6664	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="scale"></a>-scale <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6665	</div>
				6666
				6667	<p class="magick-description">minify / magnify the image with pixel block averaging and pixel replication, respectively.</p>
				6668
				6669	<p>Change the image size simply by replacing pixels by averaging pixels
				6670	together when minifying, or replacing pixels when magnifying. </p>
				6671
				6672	<p>The results are thus equivalent to using <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a> with
				6673	a <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting of <code>box</code>. Though it is a lot
				6674	faster, as it avoids all the filter processing of the image. As such it
				6675	completely ignores the current <a href="command-line-options.html#filter">-filter</a> setting. </p>
				6676
				6677	<p>If when shrinking (minifying) images the original image is some integer
				6678	multiple of the new image size, the number of pixels averaged together to
				6679	produce the new pixel color is the same across the whole image. This is
				6680	a special case known as 'binning' and is often used as a method of reducing
				6681	noise in image such as those generated by digital cameras, especially in low
				6682	light conditions. </p>
				6683
				6684
				6685	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6686	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="scene"></a>-scene <var>value</var></h3>
				6687	</div>
				6688
				6689	<p class="magick-description">set scene number.</p>
				6690
				6691	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				6692
				6693	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6694	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="screen"></a>-screen</h3>
				6695	</div>
				6696
				6697	<p class="magick-description">specify the screen to capture.</p>
				6698
				6699	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image
				6700	should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified
				6701	window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the
				6702	specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups
				6703	that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				6704
				6705	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6706	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="seed"></a>-seed</h3>
				6707	</div>
				6708
				6709	<p class="magick-description">seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</p>
				6710
				6711	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6712	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="segment"></a>-segment <var>cluster-threshold</var>x<var>smoothing-threshold</var></h3>
				6713	</div>
				6714
				6715	<p class="magick-description">segment the colors of an image.</p>
				6716
				6717	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and
				6718	identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This
				6719	is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				6720
				6721	<p>Specify <var>cluster threshold</var> as the number of pixels in
				6722	each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid.
				6723	<var>Smoothing threshold</var> eliminates noise in the second
				6724	derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect
				6725	a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				6726
				6727	<p>If the <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				6728	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				6729
				6730
				6731	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6732	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <var>radius</var><br />-selective-blur <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6733	</div>
				6734
				6735	<p class="magick-description">Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</p>
				6736
				6737	<p>Blurs those pixels that are less than or equal to the threshold in
				6738	contrast. The threshold may be expressed as a fraction of <var>QuantumRange</var> or as a percentage.</p>
				6739
				6740	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6741	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="separate"></a>-separate</h3>
				6742	</div>
				6743
				6744	<p class="magick-description">separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a>.</p>
				6745
				6746	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6747	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <var>percent-threshold</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6748	</div>
				6749
				6750	<p class="magick-description">simulate a sepia-toned photo.</p>
				6751
				6752	<p>Specify <var>threshold</var> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				6753
				6754	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect
				6755	achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <var>QuantumRange</var> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia
				6756	toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable
				6757	tone.</p>
				6758
				6759
				6760
				6761	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6762	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="set"></a>-set <var>key value</var></h3>
				6763	<h3 class="magick-header">+set <var>key</var></h3>
				6764	</div>
				6765
				6766	<p class="magick-description">sets image attributes and properties for images in the current image sequence.</p>
				6767
				6768	<p>This will assign (or modify) specific settings attached to all the images
				6769	in the current image sequence. Using the <a href="command-line-options.html#set">+set</a> form of the
				6770	option will either remove, or reset that setting to a default state, as
				6771	appropriate. </p>
				6772
				6773	<p>For example, it will modify specific well known image meta-data
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6774	'attributes' such as those normally overridden by: the options <a
				6775	href="command-line-options.html#delay" >-delay</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#dispose" >-dispose</a>, and <a
				6776	href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#colorspace" >-colorspace</a>; generally
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6777	assigned before the image is read in, by using a <var>key</var> of
				6778	the same name. </p>
				6779
				6780	<p>If the given <var>key</var> does not match a specific known
				6781	'attribute ', such as shown above, the setting is stored as a a free form
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6782	'property' string. Such settings are listed in <a href="command-line-options.html#verbose"
				6783	>-verbose</a> information ("<code>info:</code>" output format) as "Properties".
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6784	</p>
				6785
				6786	<p>This includes string 'properties' that are set by and assigned to images
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6787	using the options <a href="command-line-options.html#comment" >-comment</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#label"
				6788	>-label</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#caption" >-caption</a>. These options actually assign
				6789	a global 'artifact' which are automatically assigned (and any <a href="escape.html" >Format Percent
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6790	Escapes</a> expanded) to images as they are read in. For example:</p>
				6791
				6792	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6793	-> convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' rose.png
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6794	identify -format %c rose.png
				6795	Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose
				6796	</pre>
				6797
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6798	<p>The set value can also make use of <a href="escape.html" >Format and Print Image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6799	Properties</a> in the defined value. For example:</p>
				6800
				6801	<pre>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6802	-> convert rose: -set origsize '%wx%h' -resize 50% \
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6803	-format 'Old size = %[origsize] New size = %wx%h' info:
				6804	Old size = 70x46 New size = 35x23
				6805	</pre>
				6806
				6807	<p>Other well known 'properties' that are available include:
				6808	'<code>date:create</code>' and '<code>date:modify</code>' and
				6809	'<code>signature</code>'. </p>
				6810
				6811	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-repage</a> operator will also allow you to modify
				6812	the '<code>page</code>' attribute of an image for images already in memory (also
				6813	see <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">-page</a>). However it is designed to provide a finer
				6814	control of the sub-parts of this 'attribute'. The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set page</a>
				6815	option will only provide a direct, unmodified assignment of '<code>page</code>'
				6816	attribute. </p>
				6817
				6818	<p>This option can also associate a colorspace or profile with your image.
				6819	For example,</p>
				6820
				6821	<pre>
				6822	convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd
				6823	</pre>
				6824
				6825	<p>Some 'properties' must be defined in a specific way to be used. For
				6826	example only 'properties' prefixed with "<code>filename:</code>" can be used to
				6827	modify the output filename of an image. For example</p>
				6828
				6829	<pre>
				6830	convert rose: -set filename:mysize '%wx%h' 'rose_%[filename:mysize].png'
				6831	</pre>
				6832
				6833	<p>If the setting value is prefixed with "<code>option:</code>" the setting will
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6834	be saved as a global "Artifact" exactly as if it was set using the <a
				6835	href="command-line-options.html#define" >-define</a> option. As such settings are global in scope, they
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6836	can be used to pass 'attributes' and 'properties' of one specific image,
				6837	in a way that allows you to use them in a completely different image, even if
				6838	the original image has long since been modified or destroyed. For example: </p>
				6839
				6840	<pre>
				6841	convert rose: -set option:rosesize '%wx%h' -delete 0 \
				6842	label:'%[rosesize]' label_size_of_rose.gif"
				6843	</pre>
				6844
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6845	<p>Note that <a href="escape.html" >Format Percent Escapes</a> will only match
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6846	a 'artifact' if the given <var>key</var> does not match an existing
				6847	'attribute' or 'property'. </p>
				6848
				6849	<p>You can set the attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value
				6850	with <code>registry:</code>.</p>
				6851
				6852	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#set">-set profile</a> option can also be used to inject
				6853	previously-formatted ancillary chunks into the output PNG file, using
				6854	the commandline option as shown below or by setting the profile via a
				6855	programming interface:</p>
				6856
				6857	<pre>
				6858	convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-x:<filename> out.png
				6859	</pre>
				6860
				6861	<p>where <var>x</var> is a location flag and
				6862	<var>filename</var> is a file containing the chunk
				6863	name in the first 4 bytes, then a colon (":"), followed by the chunk data.
				6864	This encoder will compute the chunk length and CRC, so those must not
				6865	be included in the file.</p>
				6866
				6867	<p>"x" can be "b" (before PLTE), "m" (middle, i.e., between PLTE and IDAT),
				6868	or "e" (end, i.e., after IDAT). If you want to write multiple chunks
				6869	of the same type, then add a short unique string after the "x" to prevent
				6870	subsequent profiles from overwriting the preceding ones, e.g.,</p>
				6871
				6872
				6873	<pre>
				6874	convert in.png -set profile PNG-chunk-b01:file01 \
				6875	-profile PNG-chunk-b02:file02 out.png
				6876	</pre>
				6877
				6878	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6879	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shade"></a>-shade <var>azimuth</var>x<var>elevation</var></h3>
				6880	</div>
				6881
				6882	<p class="magick-description">shade the image using a distant light source.</p>
				6883
				6884	<p>Specify <var>azimuth</var> and <var>elevation</var> as
				6885	the position of the light source. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#shade">+shade</a> to return
				6886	the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				6887
				6888	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6889	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shadow"></a>-shadow <var>percent-opacity</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				6890	</div>
				6891
				6892	<p class="magick-description">simulate an image shadow.</p>
				6893
				6894	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6895	<h3 class="magick-header"><a
				6896	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6897	</div>
				6898
				6899	<p class="magick-description">use shared memory.</p>
				6900
				6901	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared
				6902	memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support,
				6903	and the display must support the <var>MIT-SHM</var> extension.
				6904	Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <code>True</code>.</p>
				6905
				6906	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	6907	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <var>radius</var><br />-sharpen <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	6908	</div>
				6909
				6910	<p class="magick-description">sharpen the image.</p>
				6911
				6912	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				6913
				6914	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6915	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shave"></a>-shave <var>geometry</var></h3>
				6916	</div>
				6917
				6918	<p class="magick-description">Shave pixels from the image edges.</p>
				6919
				6920	<p>The <var>size</var> portion of the <var>geometry</var>
				6921	argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of
				6922	the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom.
				6923	Offsets are ignored.</p>
				6924
				6925	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				6926
				6927	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6928	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="shear"></a>-shear <var>Xdegrees</var>[x<var>Ydegrees</var>]</h3>
				6929	</div>
				6930
				6931	<p class="magick-description">Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</p>
				6932
				6933	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <var>Ydegrees</var> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are
				6934	given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical
				6935	component.</p>
				6936
				6937	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e.,
				6938	horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount
				6939	of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears,
				6940	<var>Xdegrees</var> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the
				6941	negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<var>Xdegrees</var><90° and to the left when 90°<<var>Xdegrees</var><180°. For vertical shears <var>Ydegrees</var> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the
				6942	positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<var>Ydegrees</var><90° and up when 90°<<var>Ydegrees</var><180°.</p>
				6943
				6944	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color
				6945	defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified
				6946	using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				6947
				6948	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is
				6949	important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not
				6950	<var>commute</var>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For
				6951	example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				6952
				6953	<pre>
				6954	convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png
				6955	convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png
				6956	</pre>
				6957
				6958	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except
				6959	for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates
				6960	a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				6961
				6962	<pre>
				6963	convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png
				6964	</pre>
				6965
				6966	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6967	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <var>contrast</var>x<var>mid-point</var></h3>
				6968	</div>
				6969
				6970	<p class="magick-description">increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</p>
				6971
				6972	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function
				6973	without saturating highlights or shadows. <var>Contrast</var>
				6974	indicates how much to increase the contrast. For example, 0 is none, 3 is
				6975	typical and 20 is a lot.
				6976	</p>
				6977
				6978	<p>The <var>mid-point</var> indicates where the maximum change
				6979	'slope' in contrast should fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is
				6980	middle-gray; 100% is black). </p>
				6981
				6982	<p>By default the image contrast is increased, use <var>+sigmoidal-contrast</var> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				6983
				6984	<p>To achieve the equivalent of a sigmoidal brightness change (similar to
				6985	a gamma adjustment), you would use <var>-sigmoidal-contrast
				6986	{brightness}x0%</var> to increase brightness and <var>+sigmoidal-contrast {brightness}x0%</var> to decrease brightness.
				6987	Note the use of '0' fo rthe mid-point of the sigmoidal curve. </p>
				6988
				6989	<p>Using a very high <var>contrast</var> will produce a sort of
				6990	'smoothed thresholding' of the image. Not as sharp (with high aliasing
				6991	effects) of a true threshold, but with tapered gray-levels around the threshold
				6992	<var>mid-point</var>. </p>
				6993
				6994	<div style="margin: auto;">
				6995	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="silent"></a>-silent</h3>
				6996	</div>
				6997
				6998	<p class="magick-description">operate silently.</p>
				6999
				7000	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7001	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="similarity-threshold"></a>-similarity-threshold <var>value</var></h3>
				7002	</div>
				7003
				7004	<p class="magick-description">minimum RMSE for subimage match.</p>
				7005
				7006	<p>If this setting is used, then the search will stop as soon as it finds a match whose metric is less than or equal to the value. A partially filled second output image will result. Using a value of zero, will cause the search to stop at the first perfect match it finds. If this setting is left off, then the search will proceed to completion or as limited by <var>-dissimilarity-threshold</var>.</p>
				7007
				7008	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7009	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="size"></a>-size <var>width</var>[x<var>height</var>][<var>+offset</var>]</h3>
				7010	</div>
				7011
				7012	<p class="magick-description">set the width and height of the image.</p>
				7013
				7014	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose
				7015	dimensions are unknown such as <code>GRAY</code>, <code>RGB</code>, or
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7016	<code>CMYK</code>. In addition to width and height, use <a
				7017	href="command-line-options.html#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7018	image or tell the number of colors in a <code>MAP</code> image file, (e.g. -size
				7019	640x512+256).</p>
				7020
				7021	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				7022
				7023	<pre>
				7024	192x128
				7025	384x256
				7026	768x512
				7027	1536x1024
				7028	3072x2048
				7029	</pre>
				7030
				7031	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7032	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sketch"></a>-sketch <var>radius</var><br />-sketch <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>+<var>angle</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7033	</div>
				7034
				7035	<p class="magick-description">simulate a pencil sketch.</p>
				7036
				7037	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				7038	angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the
				7039	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				7040
				7041	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7042	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="smush"></a>-smush <var>offset</var></h3>
				7043	</div>
				7044
				7045	<p class="magick-description">smush an image sequence together.</p>
				7046
				7047	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7048	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="snaps"></a>-snaps <var>value</var></h3>
				7049	</div>
				7050
				7051	<p class="magick-description">Set the number of screen snapshots.</p>
				7052
				7053	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				7054
				7055	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	769d889	2016-01-19 18:11:14 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7056	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="solarize"></a>-solarize <var>percent-threshold</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7057	</div>
				7058
				7059	<p class="magick-description">negate all pixels above the threshold level.</p>
				7060
				7061	<p>Specify <var>factor</var> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				7062
				7063	<p>This option produces a <var>solarization</var> effect seen when
				7064	exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				7065
				7066	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7067	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <var>method</var> '<var>x</var>,<var>y</var> <var>color</var> ...'</h3>
				7068	</div>
				7069
				7070	<p class="magick-description"> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </p>
				7071
				7072
				7073	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7074	<dt>barycentric</dt>
				7075	<dd>three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				7076	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				7077	The gradient generated extends beyond the triangle created by those
				7078	3 points. </dd>
				7079	<dt>bilinear</dt>
				7080	<dd>Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				7081	fall back to barycentric. </dd>
				7082	<dt>voronoi</dt>
				7083	<dd>Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				7084	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </dd>
				7085	<dt>manhatten</dt>
				7086	<dd>Like voronoi, but resulting polygonal 'cells' are mapped to a fixed coordinate system.</dd>
				7087	<dt>shepards</dt>
				7088	<dd>Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance
				7089	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				7090	colors. </dd>
				7091	<dt>inverse</dt>
				7092	<dd>Colors points biased on the ratio of inverse distance.
				7093	This generates sharper points of color rather than rounded spots of
				7094	'<code>shepards</code>' Generating spots of color in a sea of the
				7095	average of colors. </dd>
				7096	</dl>
				7097
				7098	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7099	canvas (<a href="command-line-options.html#page" >-page</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#repage" >-repage</a>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7100	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				7101	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				7102	</p>
				7103
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7104	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="command-line-options.html#channel" >-channel</a> are
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7105	modified, which means that by default matte/alpha transparency channel is not
				7106	effected. Typically transparency channel is turned off either before or after
				7107	the operation. </p>
				7108
				7109	<p>Of course if some color points are transparent to generate a transparent
				7110	gradient, then the image also requires transparency enabled to store the
				7111	values. </p>
				7112
				7113	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				7114	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				7115	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor an image to some
				7116	default value. </p>
				7117
				7118
				7119	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7120	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="splice"></a>-splice <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7121	</div>
				7122
				7123	<p class="magick-description">Splice the current background color into the image.</p>
				7124
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7125	<p>This will add rows and columns of the current <a
				7126	href="command-line-options.html#background">-background</a> color into the given image according to the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7127	given <a href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> geometry setting. See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Essentially <a href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> will divide the
				7128	image into four quadrants, separating them by the inserted rows and columns.
				7129	</p>
				7130
				7131	<p>If a dimension of geometry is zero no rows or columns will be added for that
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7132	dimension. Similarly using a zero offset with the appropriate <a
				7133	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> setting will add rows and columns to the edges of
				7134	the image, padding the image only along that one edge. Edge padding is what <a
				7135	href="command-line-options.html#splice">-splice</a> is most commonly used for. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7136
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7137	<p>If the exact same <var>geometry</var> and <a
				7138	href="command-line-options.html#gravity">-gravity</a> is later used with <a href="command-line-options.html#chop">-chop</a> the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7139	added added all splices removed. </p>
				7140
				7141	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7142	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="spread"></a>-spread <var>amount</var></h3>
				7143	</div>
				7144
				7145	<p class="magick-description">displace image pixels by a random amount.</p>
				7146
				7147	<p>The argument <var>amount</var> defines the size of the
				7148	neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to
				7149	blend.</p>
				7150
				7151	<p>The lookup is controlled by the <a href="command-line-options.html#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting.</p>
				7152
				7153	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7154	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="statistic"></a>-statistic <var>type</var> <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7155	</div>
				7156
				7157	<p class="magick-description">replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</p>
				7158
				7159	<p>Choose from these statistic types:</p>
				7160	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7161	<dt>Gradient</dt><dd>maximum difference (max - min) value in neighborhood</dd>
				7162	<dt>Maximum</dt><dd>maximum value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7163	<dt>Minimum</dt><dd>minimum value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7164	<dt>Mean</dt><dd>average value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7165	<dt>Median</dt><dd>median value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7166	<dt>Mode</dt><dd>mode (most frequent) value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7167	<dt>Nonpeak</dt><dd>value just before or after the median value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7168	<dt>RMS</dt><dd>root mean square value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7169	<dt>StandardDeviation</dt><dd> standard deviation value per channel in neighborhood</dd>
				7170	</dl>
				7171
				7172	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7173	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stegano"></a>-stegano <var>offset</var></h3>
				7174	</div>
				7175
				7176	<p class="magick-description">hide watermark within an image.</p>
				7177
				7178	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the
				7179	beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need
				7180	this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size
				7181	320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				7182
				7183	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7184	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stereo"></a>-stereo <var>+x</var>{<var>+y</var>}</h3>
				7185	</div>
				7186
				7187	<p class="magick-description">composite two images to create a red / cyan stereo anaglyph.</p>
				7188
				7189	<p>The left side of the stereo pair (second image) is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side (first image) is saved as the green and blue channels. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				7190
				7191	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7192	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <var>type</var></h3>
				7193	</div>
				7194
				7195	<p class="magick-description">pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</p>
				7196
				7197	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7198	<dt>char</dt><dd>unsigned characters</dd>
				7199	<dt>double</dt><dd>doubles</dd>
				7200	<dt>float</dt><dd>floats</dd>
				7201	<dt>integer</dt><dd>integers</dd>
				7202	<dt>long</dt><dd>longs</dd>
				7203	<dt>quantum</dt><dd>pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution</dd>
				7204	<dt>short</dt><dd>unsigned shorts</dd>
				7205	</dl>
				7206
				7207	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				7208	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				7209
				7210	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7211	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stretch"></a>-stretch <var>fontStretch</var></h3>
				7212	</div>
				7213
				7214	<p class="magick-description">Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</p>
				7215
				7216	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to
				7217	apply to the currently selected font family. Select <var>fontStretch</var> from the following.</p>
				7218
				7219	<pre>
				7220	Any
				7221	Condensed
				7222	Expanded
				7223	ExtraCondensed
				7224	ExtraExpanded
				7225	Normal
				7226	SemiCondensed
				7227	SemiExpanded
				7228	UltraCondensed
				7229	UltraExpanded
				7230	</pre>
				7231
				7232	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list
				7233	stretch</a>.</p>
				7234
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7235	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				7236	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
				7237	href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7238
				7239	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7240	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="strip"></a>-strip</h3>
				7241	</div>
				7242
				7243	<p class="magick-description">strip the image of any profiles or comments.</p>
				7244
				7245	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7246	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="stroke"></a>-stroke <var>color</var></h3>
				7247	</div>
				7248
				7249	<p class="magick-description">color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</p>
				7250
				7251	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				7252
				7253	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				7254
				7255	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7256	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <var>value</var></h3>
				7257	</div>
				7258
				7259	<p class="magick-description">set the stroke width.</p>
				7260
				7261	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				7262
				7263	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7264	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="style"></a>-style <var>fontStyle</var></h3>
				7265	</div>
				7266
				7267	<p class="magick-description">Set a font style for text.</p>
				7268
				7269	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				7270	the currently selected font family. Select <var>fontStyle</var> from
				7271	the following.</p>
				7272
				7273	<pre>
				7274	Any
				7275	Italic
				7276	Normal
				7277	Oblique
				7278	</pre>
				7279
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7280	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				7281	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
				7282	href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7283
				7284	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7285	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="subimage-search"></a>-subimage-search</h3>
				7286	</div>
				7287
				7288	<p class="magick-description">search for subimage.</p>
				7289
				7290	<p>This option is required to have compare search for the best match location
				7291	of a small image within a larger image. This search will produce two images
				7292	(or two frames). The first is the "difference" image and the second will
				7293	be the "match score" image.</p>
				7294
				7295	<p>The "match-score" image is smaller containing a pixel for ever possible
				7296	position of the top-left corner of the given sub-image. that is its size will
				7297	be the size of the larger_image - sub_image + 1. The brightest location in
				7298	this image is the location s the locate on the best match that is also
				7299	reported. Note that this may or may not be a perfect match, and the actual
				7300	brightness will reflect this. Other bright 'peaks' can be used to locate other
				7301	possible matching locations. </p>
				7302
				7303	<p>Note that the search will try to compare the sub-image at every possible
				7304	location in the larger image, as such it can be very slow. The smaller the
				7305	sub-image the faster this search is. </p>
				7306
				7307
				7308	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7309	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="swap"></a>-swap <var>index,index</var></h3>
				7310	</div>
				7311
				7312	<p class="magick-description">Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</p>
				7313
				7314	<p>For example, <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third
				7315	images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#swap">+swap</a> to switch
				7316	the last two images in the sequence.</p>
				7317
				7318	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7319	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="swirl"></a>-swirl <var>degrees</var></h3>
				7320	</div>
				7321
				7322	<p class="magick-description">swirl image pixels about the center.</p>
				7323
				7324	<p><var>Degrees</var> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				7325
				7326	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7327	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="synchronize"></a>-synchronize</h3>
				7328	</div>
				7329
				7330	<p class="magick-description">synchronize image to storage device.</p>
				7331
				7332	<p>Set to "true" to ensure all image data is fully flushed and synchronized
				7333	to disk. There is a performance penalty, but the benefits include ensuring a
				7334	valid image file in the event of a system crash and early reporting if there
				7335	is not enough disk space for the image pixel cache.</p>
				7336
				7337	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7338	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="taint"></a>-taint</h3>
				7339	</div>
				7340
				7341	<p class="magick-description">Mark the image as modified.</p>
				7342
				7343	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7344	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="text-font"></a>-text-font <var>name</var></h3>
				7345	</div>
				7346
				7347	<p class="magick-description">font for writing fixed-width text.</p>
				7348
				7349	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style)
				7350	formatted text. The default is 14 point <var>Courier</var>.</p>
				7351
				7352	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or
				7353	OPTION1 font. For example, <code>Courier.ttf</code> is a TrueType font and
				7354	<code>x:fixed</code> is OPTION1.</p>
				7355
				7356	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7357	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="texture"></a>-texture <var>filename</var></h3>
				7358	</div>
				7359
				7360	<p class="magick-description">name of texture to tile onto the image background.</p>
				7361
				7362	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7363	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="threshold"></a>-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				7364	</div>
				7365
				7366	<!-- {<var>green,blue,opacity</var>}
				7367	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as
				7368	the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is
				7369	a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used
				7370	and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				7371	-->
				7372
				7373	<p class="magick-description">Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</p>
				7374
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7375	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7376	maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				7377
				7378	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
				7379	value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer,
				7380	the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels
				7381	are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the
				7382	<code>quantum depth</code> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is
				7383	therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable
				7384	recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as
				7385	a percentage. </p>
				7386
				7387	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100%
				7388	red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red
				7389	channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged.
				7390	</p>
				7391
				7392	<pre>
				7393	convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png
				7394	</pre>
				7395
				7396	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would
				7397	generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the
				7398	input image.</p>
				7399
				7400
				7401	<pre>
				7402	convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png
				7403	convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png
				7404	</pre>
				7405
				7406	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				7407	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				7408
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7409	<p> See also <a href="command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7410	</p>
				7411
				7412	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7413	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7414	</div>
				7415
				7416	<p class="magick-description">Create a thumbnail of the image.</p>
				7417
				7418	<p>This is similar to <a href="command-line-options.html#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized
				7419	for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7420	reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a
				7421	href="command-line-options.html#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7422
				7423	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				7424
				7425	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7426	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="tile"></a>-tile <var>filename</var></h3>
				7427	</div>
				7428
				7429	<p class="magick-description">Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</p>
				7430
				7431	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7432	<h3 class="magick-header">-tile <var>geometry</var></h3>
				7433	</div>
				7434
				7435	<p class="magick-description">Specify the layout of images.</p>
				7436
				7437	<p>See <a href="command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				7438
				7439	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7440	<h3 class="magick-header">-tile</h3>
				7441	</div>
				7442
				7443	<p class="magick-description">Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</p>
				7444
				7445	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7446	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var></h3>
				7447	</div>
				7448
				7449	<p class="magick-description">Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</p>
				7450
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7451	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="command-line-options.html#tile"
				7452	>-tile</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7453	creating a tiled canvas using <code>TILE:</code> or <code>PATTERN:</code> input
				7454	formats. </p>
				7455
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7456	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="command-line-options.html#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7457	by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				7458
				7459	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7460	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="tint"></a>-tint <var>value</var></h3>
				7461	</div>
				7462
				7463	<p class="magick-description">Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				7464
				7465	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				7466
				7467	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black,
				7468	white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such
				7469	as the various shades of grey.</p>
				7470
				7471	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7472	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="title"></a>-title <var>string</var></h3>
				7473	</div>
				7474
				7475	<p class="magick-description">Assign a title to displayed image.", "animate", "display", "montage</p>
				7476
				7477	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to
				7478	the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar.
				7479	Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data,
				7480	or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described
				7481	under the <a href="command-line-options.html#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				7482
				7483	<p>For example,</p>
				7484
				7485	<pre>
				7486	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				7487	</pre>
				7488
				7489	<p>produces an image title of <code>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</code> for an image
				7490	titled <code>bird.miff</code> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				7491
				7492
				7493	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7494	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transform"></a>-transform</h3>
				7495	</div>
				7496
				7497	<p class="magick-description">transform the image.</p>
				7498
				7499	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="command-line-options.html#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				7500
				7501	<pre>
				7502	convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg
				7503	</pre>
				7504
				7505
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7506	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				7507	href="command-line-options.html#distort">-distort</a> '<code>AffineProjection</code>' method. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7508
				7509
				7510	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7511	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transparent"></a>-transparent <var>color</var></h3>
				7512	</div>
				7513
				7514	<p class="magick-description">Make this color transparent within the image.</p>
				7515
				7516	<p>The <var>color</var> argument is defined using the format
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7517	described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz"
				7518	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7519	given. </p>
				7520
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7521	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7522	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				7523
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7524	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
				7525	href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7526	current <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7527	However the <a href="command-line-options.html#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				7528	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<code><a href="command-line-options.html#alpha"
				7529	>-alpha</a> set</code>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				7530	href="command-line-options.html#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7531
				7532	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7533	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				7534	href="command-line-options.html#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7535
				7536
				7537	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7538	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <var>color</var></h3>
				7539	</div>
				7540
				7541	<p class="magick-description">Set the transparent color.</p>
				7542
				7543	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				7544	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				7545	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7546	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				7547	href="command-line-options.html#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7548
				7549	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				7550	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				7551	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				7552	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				7553	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				7554	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				7555	type. </p>
				7556
				7557	<p>The default transparent color is <code>#00000000</code>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				7558
				7559	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7560	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h3>
				7561	</div>
				7562
				7563	<p class="magick-description">Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</p>
				7564
				7565	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <code>-flip -rotate 90</code>.
				7566	</p>
				7567
				7568	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7569	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h3>
				7570	</div>
				7571
				7572	<p class="magick-description">Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <code>-flop -rotate 90</code>.</p>
				7573
				7574
				7575	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7576	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <var>value</var></h3>
				7577	</div>
				7578
				7579	<p class="magick-description">tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				7580
				7581	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes
				7582	the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				7583
				7584	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source
				7585	image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory.
				7586	However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the
				7587	best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7588	the <a href="quantize.html"
				7589	>color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7590
				7591	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="command-line-options.html#monochrome">-monochrome</a>
				7592	option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is
				7593	required for this option to take effect.</p>
				7594
				7595	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7596	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="trim"></a>-trim</h3>
				7597	</div>
				7598
				7599	<p class="magick-description">trim an image.</p>
				7600
				7601	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner
				7602	pixels. Use <a href="command-line-options.html#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> remove
				7603	edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				7604
				7605	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				7606	you to extract the result of the <a href="command-line-options.html#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				7607	image. Use a <a href="command-line-options.html#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				7608	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				7609
				7610	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				7611	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				7612	<a href="command-line-options.html#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				7613
				7614
				7615	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7616	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="type"></a>-type <var>type</var></h3>
				7617	</div>
				7618
				7619	<p class="magick-description">the image type.</p> <p>Choose from: <code>Bilevel</code>,
				7620	<code>Grayscale</code>, <code>GrayscaleMatte</code>, <code>Palette</code>,
				7621	<code>PaletteMatte</code>, <code>TrueColor</code>, <code>TrueColorMatte</code>,
				7622	<code>ColorSeparation</code>, or <code>ColorSeparationMatte</code>.</p>
				7623
				7624	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7625	truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a
				7626	href="command-line-options.html#type">-type</a> option can be used to override this behavior. For
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7627	example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though
				7628	only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				7629
				7630	<pre>
				7631	convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg
				7632	</pre>
				7633
				7634	<p>Similarly, use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the
				7635	encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the
				7636	output format supports transparency.</p>
				7637
				7638	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				7639
				7640	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7641	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <var>color</var></h3>
				7642	</div>
				7643
				7644	<p class="magick-description">set the color of the annotation bounding box.</p>
				7645
				7646	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="command-line-options.html#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				7647
				7648	<p>See <a href="command-line-options.html#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				7649
				7650
				7651	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7652	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="update"></a>-update <var>seconds</var></h3>
				7653	</div>
				7654
				7655	<p class="magick-description">detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</p>
				7656
				7657	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently
				7658	displayed is over-written. <code>display</code> will automagically detect that
				7659	the input file has been changed and update the displayed image
				7660	accordingly.</p>
				7661
				7662
				7663	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7664	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h3>
				7665	</div>
				7666
				7667	<p class="magick-description">discard all but one of any pixel color.</p>
				7668
				7669
				7670	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7671	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="units"></a>-units <var>type</var></h3>
				7672	</div>
				7673
				7674	<p class="magick-description">the units of image resolution.</p>
				7675
				7676	<p>Choose from: <code>Undefined</code>, <code>PixelsPerInch</code>, or
				7677	<code>PixelsPerCentimeter</code>. This option is normally used in conjunction
				7678	with the <a href="command-line-options.html#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				7679
				7680
				7681	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7682	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <var>radius</var><br />-unsharp <var>radius</var>x<var>sigma</var>{<var>+gain</var>}{<var>+threshold</var>}</h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7683	</div>
				7684
				7685	<p class="magick-description">sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</p>
				7686
				7687	<p>The <a href="command-line-options.html#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is
				7688	convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation
				7689	(sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use
				7690	a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				7691
				7692	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				7693
				7694	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7695	<dt>radius</dt>
				7696	<dd>The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center pixel (default 0).</dd>
				7697	<dt>sigma</dt>
				7698	<dd>The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).</dd>
				7699	<dt>gain</dt>
				7700	<dd>The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).</dd>
				7701	<dt>threshold</dt>
				7702	<dd>The threshold, as a fraction of <var>QuantumRange</var>, needed to apply the difference amount (default 0.05).</dd>
				7703	</dl>
				7704
				7705	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7706	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h3>
				7707	</div>
				7708
				7709	<p class="magick-description">print detailed information about the image when this option precedes the <a href="command-line-options.html#identify">-identify</a> option or <code>info:</code>.</p>
				7710
				7711
				7712	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7713	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="version"></a>-version</h3>
				7714	</div>
				7715
				7716	<p class="magick-description">print ImageMagick version string and exit.</p>
				7717
				7718
				7719	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7720	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="view"></a>-view <var>string</var></h3>
				7721	</div>
				7722
				7723	<p class="magick-description">FlashPix viewing parameters.</p>
				7724
				7725
				7726	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7727	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="vignette"></a>-vignette <var>radius</var>{x<var>sigma</var>}{<var>+-</var>}<var>x</var>{<var>+-</var>}<var>y</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				7728	</div>
				7729
				7730	<p class="magick-description">soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</p>
				7731
				7732	<p>The vignette effect rolloff is controlled by radiusxsigma. For nominal rolloff, this would be set to 0xsigma. A value of 0x0 will produce a circle/ellipse with no rolloff. The arguments x and y control the size of the circle. Larger values decrease the radii and smaller values increase the radii. Values of +0+0 will generate a circle/ellipse the same size as the image. The default values for x and y are 10% of the corresponding image dimension. Thus, the radii will be decreased by 10%, i.e., the diameters of the circle/ellipse will be 80% of the corresponding image dimension.</p>
				7733
				7734	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7735	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <var>method</var></h3>
				7736	</div>
				7737
				7738	<p class="magick-description">Specify contents of <var>virtual pixels</var>.</p>
				7739
				7740	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				7741	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				7742	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				7743	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				7744
				7745	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				7746
				7747	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7748	<dt>background</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is the background color</dd>
				7749	<dt>black</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is black</dd>
				7750	<dt>checker-tile</dt><dd>alternate squares with image and background color</dd>
				7751	<dt>dither</dt><dd>non-random 32x32 dithered pattern</dd>
				7752	<dt>edge</dt><dd>extend the edge pixel toward infinity</dd>
				7753	<dt>gray</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is gray</dd>
				7754	<dt>horizontal-tile</dt><dd>horizontally tile the image, background color above/below</dd>
				7755	<dt>horizontal-tile-edge</dt><dd>horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels</dd>
				7756	<dt>mirror</dt><dd>mirror tile the image</dd>
				7757	<dt>random</dt><dd>choose a random pixel from the image</dd>
				7758	<dt>tile</dt><dd>tile the image (default)</dd>
				7759	<dt>transparent</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness</dd>
				7760	<dt>vertical-tile</dt><dd>vertically tile the image, sides are background color</dd>
				7761	<dt>vertical-tile-edge</dt><dd>vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels</dd>
				7762	<dt>white</dt><dd>the area surrounding the image is white</dd>
				7763	</dl>
				7764
				7765	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				7766
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7767	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="command-line-options.html#distort"
				7768	>-distort</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#fx" >-fx</a>.
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7769	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7770	image proper, such as <a href="command-line-options.html#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				7771	href="command-line-options.html#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7772
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7773	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a
				7774	href="command-line-options.html#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7775
				7776
				7777	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7778	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="visual"></a>-visual <var>type</var></h3>
				7779	</div>
				7780
				7781	<p class="magick-description">Animate images using this X visual type.", 'animate', 'display'</p>
				7782
				7783	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				7784
				7785	<pre>
				7786	StaticGray TrueColor
				7787	GrayScale DirectColor
				7788	StaticColor default
				7789	PseudoColor visual id
				7790	</pre>
				7791
				7792	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs.
				7793	If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most
				7794	simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				7795
				7796
				7797	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7798	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="watermark"></a>-watermark <var>brightness</var>x<var>saturation</var></h3>
				7799	</div>
				7800
				7801	<p class="magick-description">Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and saturation.</p>
				7802
				7803	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				7804	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the
				7805	<var>brightness</var> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				7806	attribute is just direct modified by the <var>saturation</var>
				7807	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				7808
				7809
				7810	<div style="margin: auto;">
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7811	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="wave"></a>-wave <var>amplitude</var><br />-wave <var>amplitude</var>x<var>wavelength</var></h3>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7812	</div>
				7813
				7814	<p class="magick-description">Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</p>
				7815
				7816	<p>Specify <var>amplitude</var> and <var>wavelength</var>
				7817	of the wave.</p>
				7818
				7819	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7820	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="weight"></a>-weight <var>fontWeight</var></h3>
				7821	</div>
				7822
				7823	<p class="magick-description">Set a font weight for text.</p>
				7824
				7825	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to
				7826	the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for
				7827	<var>fontWeight</var> or select from the following.</p>
				7828
				7829	<dl class="dl-horizontal">
				7830	<dt>Thin </dt>
				7831	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 100.</dd>
				7832	<dt>ExtraLight </dt>
				7833	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 200.</dd>
				7834	<dt>Light </dt>
				7835	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 300.</dd>
				7836	<dt>Normal </dt>
				7837	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 400.</dd>
				7838	<dt>Medium </dt>
				7839	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 500.</dd>
				7840	<dt>DemiBold </dt>
				7841	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 600.</dd>
				7842	<dt>Bold </dt>
				7843	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 700.</dd>
				7844	<dt>ExtraBold </dt>
				7845	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 800.</dd>
				7846	<dt>Heavy </dt>
				7847	<dd>Same as <var>fontWeight</var> = 900.</dd>
				7848	</dl>
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7849	<br/>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7850
				7851	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="command-line-options.html#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				7852
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7853	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a
				7854	href="command-line-options.html#font">-font</a>, <a href="command-line-options.html#family">-family</a>, <a
				7855	href="command-line-options.html#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="command-line-options.html#style">-style</a>. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7856
				7857	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7858	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="white-point"></a>-white-point <var>x,y</var></h3>
				7859	</div>
				7860
				7861	<p class="magick-description">chromaticity white point.</p>
				7862
				7863	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7864	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <var>value</var>{<var>%</var>}</h3>
				7865	</div>
				7866
				7867	<p class="magick-description">Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</p>
				7868
				7869	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer
				7870	value within [0, <var>QuantumRange</var>] corresponding to the
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7871	desired <a href="command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a>for more details on thresholds and resulting values. </p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7872
				7873	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7874	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="window"></a>-window <var>id</var></h3>
				7875	</div>
				7876
				7877	<p class="magick-description">Make the image the background of a window.", 'animate', 'display'</p>
				7878
				7879	<p><var>id</var> can be a window id or name. Specify <code>root</code>
				7880	to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				7881
				7882	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If
				7883	<code>backdrop</code> or <a href="command-line-options.html#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the
				7884	image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <code>X RESOURCES</code>
				7885	for details.</p>
				7886
				7887	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique
Cristy	594d277	2015-11-15 10:47:42 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7888	colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a
				7889	href="command-line-options.html#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7890
				7891	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7892	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h3>
				7893	</div>
				7894
				7895	<p class="magick-description">specify the window group.</p>
				7896
				7897	<div style="margin: auto;">
				7898	<h3 class="magick-header"><a id="write"></a>-write <var>filename</var></h3>
				7899	</div>
				7900
				7901	<p class="magick-description">write an image sequence.</p>
				7902
				7903	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">-write</a> <var>filename</var> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="command-line-options.html#write">+write</a> <var>filename</var> option.</p>
				7904
				7905	<p>Use <a href="command-line-options.html#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
				7906	</div>
				7907	</div>
				7908
				7909
Cristy	e93be68	2015-11-26 09:07:51 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7910
Cristy	882d9f4	2015-10-29 16:48:39 -0400	[diff] [blame]	7911	<footer class="magick-footer">
cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7912	<p><a href="support.html">Donate</a> •
				7913	<a href="sitemap.html">Sitemap</a> •
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7914	<a href="links.html">Related</a> •
cristy	29f2c97	2015-07-28 13:37:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7915	<a href="architecture.html">Architecture</a>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7916	</p>
				7917	<p><a href="command-line-options.html#">Back to top</a> •
cristy	ea2793e	2015-05-31 16:52:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7918	<a href="http://pgp.mit.edu:11371/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0x89AB63D48277377A">Public Key</a> •
cristy	5b8fe76	2015-06-09 16:24:03 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7919	<a href="http://nextgen.imagemagick.org/script/contact.php">Contact Us</a></p>
Cristy	de27d76	2016-01-02 12:56:44 -0500	[diff] [blame]	7920	<p><small>© 1999-2016 ImageMagick Studio LLC</small></p>
cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7921	</footer>
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				7923
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cristy	d243201	2015-05-04 23:15:15 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7926	</div>
cristy	ad41c0c	2012-10-31 00:49:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7927	</body>
cristy	5a367e4	2015-05-05 12:39:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	7928	</html>