bench/nanobench.cpp

/*
 * Copyright 2014 Google Inc.
 *
 * Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style license that can be
 * found in the LICENSE file.
 */

#include <ctype.h>

#include "nanobench.h"

#include "Benchmark.h"
#include "BitmapRegionDecoderBench.h"
#include "CodecBench.h"
#include "CodecBenchPriv.h"
#include "CrashHandler.h"
#include "GMBench.h"
#include "ProcStats.h"
#include "ResultsWriter.h"
#include "RecordingBench.h"
#include "SKPAnimationBench.h"
#include "SKPBench.h"
#include "Stats.h"

#include "SkBitmapRegionDecoder.h"
#include "SkBBoxHierarchy.h"
#include "SkCanvas.h"
#include "SkCodec.h"
#include "SkCommonFlags.h"
#include "SkCommonFlagsConfig.h"
#include "SkData.h"
#include "SkForceLinking.h"
#include "SkGraphics.h"
#include "SkOSFile.h"
#include "SkPictureRecorder.h"
#include "SkPictureUtils.h"
#include "SkString.h"
#include "SkSurface.h"
#include "SkTaskGroup.h"
#include "SkThreadUtils.h"

#include <stdlib.h>

#ifndef SK_BUILD_FOR_WIN32
    #include <unistd.h>
#endif

#ifdef SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK
    #include "nanobenchAndroid.h"
#endif

#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
    #include "gl/GrGLDefines.h"
    #include "GrCaps.h"
    #include "GrContextFactory.h"
    SkAutoTDelete<GrContextFactory> gGrFactory;
#endif

    struct GrContextOptions;

__SK_FORCE_IMAGE_DECODER_LINKING;

static const int kAutoTuneLoops = 0;

static const int kDefaultLoops =
#ifdef SK_DEBUG
    1;
#else
    kAutoTuneLoops;
#endif

static SkString loops_help_txt() {
    SkString help;
    help.printf("Number of times to run each bench. Set this to %d to auto-"
                "tune for each bench. Timings are only reported when auto-tuning.",
                kAutoTuneLoops);
    return help;
}

static SkString to_string(int n) {
    SkString str;
    str.appendS32(n);
    return str;
}

DEFINE_int32(loops, kDefaultLoops, loops_help_txt().c_str());

DEFINE_int32(samples, 10, "Number of samples to measure for each bench.");
DEFINE_int32(ms, 0, "If >0, run each bench for this many ms instead of obeying --samples.");
DEFINE_int32(overheadLoops, 100000, "Loops to estimate timer overhead.");
DEFINE_double(overheadGoal, 0.0001,
              "Loop until timer overhead is at most this fraction of our measurments.");
DEFINE_double(gpuMs, 5, "Target bench time in millseconds for GPU.");
DEFINE_int32(gpuFrameLag, 5, "If unknown, estimated maximum number of frames GPU allows to lag.");
DEFINE_bool(gpuCompressAlphaMasks, false, "Compress masks generated from falling back to "
                                          "software path rendering.");

DEFINE_string(outResultsFile, "", "If given, write results here as JSON.");
DEFINE_int32(maxCalibrationAttempts, 3,
             "Try up to this many times to guess loops for a bench, or skip the bench.");
DEFINE_int32(maxLoops, 1000000, "Never run a bench more times than this.");
DEFINE_string(clip, "0,0,1000,1000", "Clip for SKPs.");
DEFINE_string(scales, "1.0", "Space-separated scales for SKPs.");
DEFINE_string(zoom, "1.0,0", "Comma-separated zoomMax,zoomPeriodMs factors for a periodic SKP zoom "
                             "function that ping-pongs between 1.0 and zoomMax.");
DEFINE_bool(bbh, true, "Build a BBH for SKPs?");
DEFINE_bool(mpd, true, "Use MultiPictureDraw for the SKPs?");
DEFINE_bool(loopSKP, true, "Loop SKPs like we do for micro benches?");
DEFINE_int32(flushEvery, 10, "Flush --outResultsFile every Nth run.");
DEFINE_bool(resetGpuContext, true, "Reset the GrContext before running each test.");
DEFINE_bool(gpuStats, false, "Print GPU stats after each gpu benchmark?");
DEFINE_bool(gpuStatsDump, false, "Dump GPU states after each benchmark to json");
DEFINE_bool(keepAlive, false, "Print a message every so often so that we don't time out");

static double now_ms() { return SkTime::GetNSecs() * 1e-6; }

static SkString humanize(double ms) {
    if (FLAGS_verbose) return SkStringPrintf("%llu", (uint64_t)(ms*1e6));
    return HumanizeMs(ms);
}
#define HUMANIZE(ms) humanize(ms).c_str()

bool Target::init(SkImageInfo info, Benchmark* bench) {
    if (Benchmark::kRaster_Backend == config.backend) {
        this->surface.reset(SkSurface::NewRaster(info));
        if (!this->surface.get()) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
bool Target::capturePixels(SkBitmap* bmp) {
    SkCanvas* canvas = this->getCanvas();
    if (!canvas) {
        return false;
    }
    bmp->setInfo(canvas->imageInfo());
    if (!canvas->readPixels(bmp, 0, 0)) {
        SkDebugf("Can't read canvas pixels.\n");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
struct GPUTarget : public Target {
    explicit GPUTarget(const Config& c) : Target(c), gl(nullptr) { }
    SkGLContext* gl;

    void setup() override {
        this->gl->makeCurrent();
        // Make sure we're done with whatever came before.
        SK_GL(*this->gl, Finish());
    }
    void endTiming() override {
        if (this->gl) {
            SK_GL(*this->gl, Flush());
            this->gl->waitOnSyncOrSwap();
        }
    }
    void fence() override {
        SK_GL(*this->gl, Finish());
    }

    bool needsFrameTiming(int* maxFrameLag) const override {
        if (!this->gl->getMaxGpuFrameLag(maxFrameLag)) {
            // Frame lag is unknown.
            *maxFrameLag = FLAGS_gpuFrameLag;
        }
        return true;
    }
    bool init(SkImageInfo info, Benchmark* bench) override {
        uint32_t flags = this->config.useDFText ? SkSurfaceProps::kUseDeviceIndependentFonts_Flag :
                                                  0;
        SkSurfaceProps props(flags, SkSurfaceProps::kLegacyFontHost_InitType);
        this->surface.reset(SkSurface::NewRenderTarget(gGrFactory->get(this->config.ctxType,
                                                                       this->config.ctxOptions),
                                                         SkSurface::kNo_Budgeted, info,
                                                         this->config.samples, &props));
        this->gl = gGrFactory->getContextInfo(this->config.ctxType,
                                              this->config.ctxOptions).fGLContext;
        if (!this->surface.get()) {
            return false;
        }
        if (!this->gl->fenceSyncSupport()) {
            SkDebugf("WARNING: GL context for config \"%s\" does not support fence sync. "
                     "Timings might not be accurate.\n", this->config.name.c_str());
        }
        return true;
    }
    void fillOptions(ResultsWriter* log) override {
        const GrGLubyte* version;
        SK_GL_RET(*this->gl, version, GetString(GR_GL_VERSION));
        log->configOption("GL_VERSION", (const char*)(version));

        SK_GL_RET(*this->gl, version, GetString(GR_GL_RENDERER));
        log->configOption("GL_RENDERER", (const char*) version);

        SK_GL_RET(*this->gl, version, GetString(GR_GL_VENDOR));
        log->configOption("GL_VENDOR", (const char*) version);

        SK_GL_RET(*this->gl, version, GetString(GR_GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION));
        log->configOption("GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION", (const char*) version);
    }
};

#endif

static double time(int loops, Benchmark* bench, Target* target) {
    SkCanvas* canvas = target->getCanvas();
    if (canvas) {
        canvas->clear(SK_ColorWHITE);
    }
    bench->preDraw(canvas);
    double start = now_ms();
    canvas = target->beginTiming(canvas);
    bench->draw(loops, canvas);
    if (canvas) {
        canvas->flush();
    }
    target->endTiming();
    double elapsed = now_ms() - start;
    bench->postDraw(canvas);
    return elapsed;
}

static double estimate_timer_overhead() {
    double overhead = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_overheadLoops; i++) {
        double start = now_ms();
        overhead += now_ms() - start;
    }
    return overhead / FLAGS_overheadLoops;
}

static int detect_forever_loops(int loops) {
    // look for a magic run-forever value
    if (loops < 0) {
        loops = SK_MaxS32;
    }
    return loops;
}

static int clamp_loops(int loops) {
    if (loops < 1) {
        SkDebugf("ERROR: clamping loops from %d to 1. "
                 "There's probably something wrong with the bench.\n", loops);
        return 1;
    }
    if (loops > FLAGS_maxLoops) {
        SkDebugf("WARNING: clamping loops from %d to FLAGS_maxLoops, %d.\n", loops, FLAGS_maxLoops);
        return FLAGS_maxLoops;
    }
    return loops;
}

static bool write_canvas_png(Target* target, const SkString& filename) {

    if (filename.isEmpty()) {
        return false;
    }
    if (target->getCanvas() &&
        kUnknown_SkColorType == target->getCanvas()->imageInfo().colorType()) {
        return false;
    }

    SkBitmap bmp;

    if (!target->capturePixels(&bmp)) {
        return false;
    }

    SkString dir = SkOSPath::Dirname(filename.c_str());
    if (!sk_mkdir(dir.c_str())) {
        SkDebugf("Can't make dir %s.\n", dir.c_str());
        return false;
    }
    SkFILEWStream stream(filename.c_str());
    if (!stream.isValid()) {
        SkDebugf("Can't write %s.\n", filename.c_str());
        return false;
    }
    if (!SkImageEncoder::EncodeStream(&stream, bmp, SkImageEncoder::kPNG_Type, 100)) {
        SkDebugf("Can't encode a PNG.\n");
        return false;
    }
    return true;
}

static int kFailedLoops = -2;
static int setup_cpu_bench(const double overhead, Target* target, Benchmark* bench) {
    // First figure out approximately how many loops of bench it takes to make overhead negligible.
    double bench_plus_overhead = 0.0;
    int round = 0;
    int loops = bench->calculateLoops(FLAGS_loops);
    if (kAutoTuneLoops == loops) {
        while (bench_plus_overhead < overhead) {
            if (round++ == FLAGS_maxCalibrationAttempts) {
                SkDebugf("WARNING: Can't estimate loops for %s (%s vs. %s); skipping.\n",
                         bench->getUniqueName(), HUMANIZE(bench_plus_overhead), HUMANIZE(overhead));
                return kFailedLoops;
            }
            bench_plus_overhead = time(1, bench, target);
        }
    }

    // Later we'll just start and stop the timer once but loop N times.
    // We'll pick N to make timer overhead negligible:
    //
    //          overhead
    //  -------------------------  < FLAGS_overheadGoal
    //  overhead + N * Bench Time
    //
    // where bench_plus_overhead ≈ overhead + Bench Time.
    //
    // Doing some math, we get:
    //
    //  (overhead / FLAGS_overheadGoal) - overhead
    //  ------------------------------------------  < N
    //       bench_plus_overhead - overhead)
    //
    // Luckily, this also works well in practice. :)
    if (kAutoTuneLoops == loops) {
        const double numer = overhead / FLAGS_overheadGoal - overhead;
        const double denom = bench_plus_overhead - overhead;
        loops = (int)ceil(numer / denom);
        loops = clamp_loops(loops);
    } else {
        loops = detect_forever_loops(loops);
    }

    return loops;
}

static int setup_gpu_bench(Target* target, Benchmark* bench, int maxGpuFrameLag) {
    // First, figure out how many loops it'll take to get a frame up to FLAGS_gpuMs.
    int loops = bench->calculateLoops(FLAGS_loops);
    if (kAutoTuneLoops == loops) {
        loops = 1;
        double elapsed = 0;
        do {
            if (1<<30 == loops) {
                // We're about to wrap.  Something's wrong with the bench.
                loops = 0;
                break;
            }
            loops *= 2;
            // If the GPU lets frames lag at all, we need to make sure we're timing
            // _this_ round, not still timing last round.
            for (int i = 0; i < maxGpuFrameLag; i++) {
                elapsed = time(loops, bench, target);
            }
        } while (elapsed < FLAGS_gpuMs);

        // We've overshot at least a little.  Scale back linearly.
        loops = (int)ceil(loops * FLAGS_gpuMs / elapsed);
        loops = clamp_loops(loops);

        // Make sure we're not still timing our calibration.
        target->fence();
    } else {
        loops = detect_forever_loops(loops);
    }

    // Pretty much the same deal as the calibration: do some warmup to make
    // sure we're timing steady-state pipelined frames.
    for (int i = 0; i < maxGpuFrameLag - 1; i++) {
        time(loops, bench, target);
    }

    return loops;
}

#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
#define kBogusGLContextType GrContextFactory::kNative_GLContextType
#define kBogusGLContextOptions GrContextFactory::kNone_GLContextOptions
#else
#define kBogusGLContextType 0
#define kBogusGLContextOptions 0
#endif

static void create_config(const SkCommandLineConfig* config, SkTArray<Config>* configs) {

#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
    if (const auto* gpuConfig = config->asConfigGpu()) {
        if (!FLAGS_gpu)
            return;

        const auto ctxOptions = gpuConfig->getUseNVPR() ? GrContextFactory::kEnableNVPR_GLContextOptions 
                                                        : GrContextFactory::kNone_GLContextOptions;
        const auto ctxType = gpuConfig->getContextType();
        const auto sampleCount = gpuConfig->getSamples();

        if (const GrContext* ctx = gGrFactory->get(ctxType, ctxOptions)) {
            const auto maxSampleCount = ctx->caps()->maxSampleCount();
            if (sampleCount > ctx->caps()->maxSampleCount()) {
                SkDebugf("Configuration sample count %d exceeds maximum %d.\n",
                    sampleCount, maxSampleCount);
                return;
            }
        } else {
            SkDebugf("No context was available matching config type and options.\n");
            return;
        }

        Config target = {
            config->getTag(),
            Benchmark::kGPU_Backend,
            kN32_SkColorType,
            kPremul_SkAlphaType,
            sampleCount,
            ctxType,
            ctxOptions,        
            false };

        configs->push_back(target);
        return;
    }
#endif

    #define CPU_CONFIG(name, backend, color, alpha)                                  \
        if (config->getTag().equals(#name)) {                                        \
            Config config = { SkString(#name), Benchmark::backend, color, alpha, 0,  \
                              kBogusGLContextType, kBogusGLContextOptions,           \
                              false };                                               \
            configs->push_back(config);                                              \
            return;                                                                  \
        }

    if (FLAGS_cpu) {
        CPU_CONFIG(nonrendering, kNonRendering_Backend, kUnknown_SkColorType, kUnpremul_SkAlphaType)
        CPU_CONFIG(8888, kRaster_Backend, kN32_SkColorType, kPremul_SkAlphaType)
        CPU_CONFIG(565, kRaster_Backend, kRGB_565_SkColorType, kOpaque_SkAlphaType)
    }

    #undef CPU_CONFIG

#ifdef SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK
    if (config->getTag().equals("hwui")) {
        Config config = { SkString("hwui"), Benchmark::kHWUI_Backend, kRGBA_8888_SkColorType,
                          kPremul_SkAlphaType, 0, kBogusGLContextType, kBogusGLContextOptions,
                          false };
        configs->push_back(config);
    }
#endif
}

// Append all configs that are enabled and supported.
void create_configs(SkTArray<Config>* configs) {
    SkCommandLineConfigArray array;
    ParseConfigs(FLAGS_config, &array);
    for (int i = 0; i < array.count(); ++i) {
        create_config(array[i], configs);
    }
}

// If bench is enabled for config, returns a Target* for it, otherwise nullptr.
static Target* is_enabled(Benchmark* bench, const Config& config) {
    if (!bench->isSuitableFor(config.backend)) {
        return nullptr;
    }

    SkImageInfo info = SkImageInfo::Make(bench->getSize().fX, bench->getSize().fY,
                                         config.color, config.alpha);

    Target* target = nullptr;

    switch (config.backend) {
#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
    case Benchmark::kGPU_Backend:
        target = new GPUTarget(config);
        break;
#endif
#ifdef SK_BUILD_FOR_ANDROID_FRAMEWORK
    case Benchmark::kHWUI_Backend:
        target = new HWUITarget(config, bench);
        break;
#endif
    default:
        target = new Target(config);
        break;
    }

    if (!target->init(info, bench)) {
        delete target;
        return nullptr;
    }
    return target;
}

static bool valid_brd_bench(SkData* encoded, SkBitmapRegionDecoder::Strategy strategy,
        SkColorType colorType, uint32_t sampleSize, uint32_t minOutputSize, int* width,
        int* height) {
    SkAutoTDelete<SkBitmapRegionDecoder> brd(
            SkBitmapRegionDecoder::Create(encoded, strategy));
    if (nullptr == brd.get()) {
        // This is indicates that subset decoding is not supported for a particular image format.
        return false;
    }

    SkBitmap bitmap;
    if (!brd->decodeRegion(&bitmap, nullptr, SkIRect::MakeXYWH(0, 0, brd->width(), brd->height()),
            1, colorType, false)) {
        return false;
    }

    if (sampleSize * minOutputSize > (uint32_t) brd->width() || sampleSize * minOutputSize >
            (uint32_t) brd->height()) {
        // This indicates that the image is not large enough to decode a
        // minOutputSize x minOutputSize subset at the given sampleSize.
        return false;
    }

    // Set the image width and height.  The calling code will use this to choose subsets to decode.
    *width = brd->width();
    *height = brd->height();
    return true;
}

static void cleanup_run(Target* target) {
    delete target;
#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
    if (FLAGS_abandonGpuContext) {
        gGrFactory->abandonContexts();
    }
    if (FLAGS_resetGpuContext || FLAGS_abandonGpuContext) {
        gGrFactory->destroyContexts();
    }
#endif
}

class BenchmarkStream {
public:
    BenchmarkStream() : fBenches(BenchRegistry::Head())
                      , fGMs(skiagm::GMRegistry::Head())
                      , fCurrentRecording(0)
                      , fCurrentScale(0)
                      , fCurrentSKP(0)
                      , fCurrentUseMPD(0)
                      , fCurrentCodec(0)
                      , fCurrentBRDImage(0)
                      , fCurrentColorType(0)
                      , fCurrentAlphaType(0)
                      , fCurrentSubsetType(0)
                      , fCurrentBRDStrategy(0)
                      , fCurrentBRDSampleSize(0)
                      , fCurrentAnimSKP(0) {
        for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_skps.count(); i++) {
            if (SkStrEndsWith(FLAGS_skps[i], ".skp")) {
                fSKPs.push_back() = FLAGS_skps[i];
            } else {
                SkOSFile::Iter it(FLAGS_skps[i], ".skp");
                SkString path;
                while (it.next(&path)) {
                    fSKPs.push_back() = SkOSPath::Join(FLAGS_skps[0], path.c_str());
                }
            }
        }

        if (4 != sscanf(FLAGS_clip[0], "%d,%d,%d,%d",
                        &fClip.fLeft, &fClip.fTop, &fClip.fRight, &fClip.fBottom)) {
            SkDebugf("Can't parse %s from --clip as an SkIRect.\n", FLAGS_clip[0]);
            exit(1);
        }

        for (int i = 0; i < FLAGS_scales.count(); i++) {
            if (1 != sscanf(FLAGS_scales[i], "%f", &fScales.push_back())) {
                SkDebugf("Can't parse %s from --scales as an SkScalar.\n", FLAGS_scales[i]);
                exit(1);
            }
        }

        if (2 != sscanf(FLAGS_zoom[0], "%f,%lf", &fZoomMax, &fZoomPeriodMs)) {
            SkDebugf("Can't parse %s from --zoom as a zoomMax,zoomPeriodMs.\n", FLAGS_zoom[0]);
            exit(1);
        }

        if (FLAGS_mpd) {
            fUseMPDs.push_back() = true;
        }
        fUseMPDs.push_back() = false;

        // Prepare the images for decoding
        if (!CollectImages(&fImages)) {
            exit(1);
        }

        // Choose the candidate color types for image decoding
        const SkColorType colorTypes[] =
            { kN32_SkColorType,
              kRGB_565_SkColorType,
              kAlpha_8_SkColorType,
              kIndex_8_SkColorType,
              kGray_8_SkColorType };
        fColorTypes.reset(colorTypes, SK_ARRAY_COUNT(colorTypes));
    }

    static bool ReadPicture(const char* path, SkAutoTUnref<SkPicture>* pic) {
        // Not strictly necessary, as it will be checked again later,
        // but helps to avoid a lot of pointless work if we're going to skip it.
        if (SkCommandLineFlags::ShouldSkip(FLAGS_match, path)) {
            return false;
        }

        SkAutoTDelete<SkStream> stream(SkStream::NewFromFile(path));
        if (stream.get() == nullptr) {
            SkDebugf("Could not read %s.\n", path);
            return false;
        }

        pic->reset(SkPicture::CreateFromStream(stream.get()));
        if (pic->get() == nullptr) {
            SkDebugf("Could not read %s as an SkPicture.\n", path);
            return false;
        }
        return true;
    }

    Benchmark* next() {
        if (fBenches) {
            Benchmark* bench = fBenches->factory()(nullptr);
            fBenches = fBenches->next();
            fSourceType = "bench";
            fBenchType  = "micro";
            return bench;
        }

        while (fGMs) {
            SkAutoTDelete<skiagm::GM> gm(fGMs->factory()(nullptr));
            fGMs = fGMs->next();
            if (gm->runAsBench()) {
                fSourceType = "gm";
                fBenchType  = "micro";
                return new GMBench(gm.detach());
            }
        }

        // First add all .skps as RecordingBenches.
        while (fCurrentRecording < fSKPs.count()) {
            const SkString& path = fSKPs[fCurrentRecording++];
            SkAutoTUnref<SkPicture> pic;
            if (!ReadPicture(path.c_str(), &pic)) {
                continue;
            }
            SkString name = SkOSPath::Basename(path.c_str());
            fSourceType = "skp";
            fBenchType  = "recording";
            fSKPBytes = static_cast<double>(SkPictureUtils::ApproximateBytesUsed(pic));
            fSKPOps   = pic->approximateOpCount();
            return new RecordingBench(name.c_str(), pic.get(), FLAGS_bbh);
        }

        // Then once each for each scale as SKPBenches (playback).
        while (fCurrentScale < fScales.count()) {
            while (fCurrentSKP < fSKPs.count()) {
                const SkString& path = fSKPs[fCurrentSKP];
                SkAutoTUnref<SkPicture> pic;
                if (!ReadPicture(path.c_str(), &pic)) {
                    fCurrentSKP++;
                    continue;
                }

                while (fCurrentUseMPD < fUseMPDs.count()) {
                    if (FLAGS_bbh) {
                        // The SKP we read off disk doesn't have a BBH.  Re-record so it grows one.
                        SkRTreeFactory factory;
                        SkPictureRecorder recorder;
                        static const int kFlags = SkPictureRecorder::kComputeSaveLayerInfo_RecordFlag;
                        pic->playback(recorder.beginRecording(pic->cullRect().width(),
                                                              pic->cullRect().height(),
                                                              &factory,
                                                              fUseMPDs[fCurrentUseMPD] ? kFlags : 0));
                        pic.reset(recorder.endRecording());
                    }
                    SkString name = SkOSPath::Basename(path.c_str());
                    fSourceType = "skp";
                    fBenchType = "playback";
                    return new SKPBench(name.c_str(), pic.get(), fClip, fScales[fCurrentScale],
                                        fUseMPDs[fCurrentUseMPD++], FLAGS_loopSKP);
                }
                fCurrentUseMPD = 0;
                fCurrentSKP++;
            }
            fCurrentSKP = 0;
            fCurrentScale++;
        }

        // Now loop over each skp again if we have an animation
        if (fZoomMax != 1.0f && fZoomPeriodMs > 0) {
            while (fCurrentAnimSKP < fSKPs.count()) {
                const SkString& path = fSKPs[fCurrentAnimSKP];
                SkAutoTUnref<SkPicture> pic;
                if (!ReadPicture(path.c_str(), &pic)) {
                    fCurrentAnimSKP++;
                    continue;
                }

                fCurrentAnimSKP++;
                SkString name = SkOSPath::Basename(path.c_str());
                SkAutoTUnref<SKPAnimationBench::Animation> animation(
                    SKPAnimationBench::CreateZoomAnimation(fZoomMax, fZoomPeriodMs));
                return new SKPAnimationBench(name.c_str(), pic.get(), fClip, animation,
                                             FLAGS_loopSKP);
            }
        }

        for (; fCurrentCodec < fImages.count(); fCurrentCodec++) {
            fSourceType = "image";
            fBenchType = "skcodec";
            const SkString& path = fImages[fCurrentCodec];
            if (SkCommandLineFlags::ShouldSkip(FLAGS_match, path.c_str())) {
                continue;
            }
            SkAutoTUnref<SkData> encoded(SkData::NewFromFileName(path.c_str()));
            SkAutoTDelete<SkCodec> codec(SkCodec::NewFromData(encoded));
            if (!codec) {
                // Nothing to time.
                SkDebugf("Cannot find codec for %s\n", path.c_str());
                continue;
            }

            while (fCurrentColorType < fColorTypes.count()) {
                const SkColorType colorType = fColorTypes[fCurrentColorType];

                SkAlphaType alphaType = codec->getInfo().alphaType();
                switch (alphaType) {
                    case kOpaque_SkAlphaType:
                        // We only need to test one alpha type (opaque).
                        fCurrentColorType++;
                        break;
                    case kUnpremul_SkAlphaType:
                    case kPremul_SkAlphaType:
                        if (0 == fCurrentAlphaType) {
                            // Test unpremul first.
                            alphaType = kUnpremul_SkAlphaType;
                            fCurrentAlphaType++;
                        } else {
                            // Test premul.
                            alphaType = kPremul_SkAlphaType;
                            fCurrentAlphaType = 0;
                            fCurrentColorType++;
                        }
                        break;
                    default:
                        SkASSERT(false);
                        fCurrentColorType++;
                        break;
                }

                // Make sure we can decode to this color type and alpha type.
                SkImageInfo info =
                        codec->getInfo().makeColorType(colorType).makeAlphaType(alphaType);
                const size_t rowBytes = info.minRowBytes();
                SkAutoMalloc storage(info.getSafeSize(rowBytes));

                // Used if fCurrentColorType is kIndex_8_SkColorType
                int colorCount = 256;
                SkPMColor colors[256];

                const SkCodec::Result result = codec->getPixels(
                        info, storage.get(), rowBytes, nullptr, colors,
                        &colorCount);
                switch (result) {
                    case SkCodec::kSuccess:
                    case SkCodec::kIncompleteInput:
                        return new CodecBench(SkOSPath::Basename(path.c_str()),
                                encoded, colorType, alphaType);
                    case SkCodec::kInvalidConversion:
                        // This is okay. Not all conversions are valid.
                        break;
                    default:
                        // This represents some sort of failure.
                        SkASSERT(false);
                        break;
                }
            }
            fCurrentColorType = 0;
        }

        // Run the BRDBenches
        // We will benchmark multiple BRD strategies.
        static const struct {
            SkBitmapRegionDecoder::Strategy    fStrategy;
            const char*                        fName;
        } strategies[] = {
            { SkBitmapRegionDecoder::kCanvas_Strategy,       "BRD_canvas" },
            { SkBitmapRegionDecoder::kAndroidCodec_Strategy, "BRD_android_codec" },
        };

        // We intend to create benchmarks that model the use cases in
        // android/libraries/social/tiledimage.  In this library, an image is decoded in 512x512
        // tiles.  The image can be translated freely, so the location of a tile may be anywhere in
        // the image.  For that reason, we will benchmark decodes in five representative locations
        // in the image.  Additionally, this use case utilizes power of two scaling, so we will
        // test on power of two sample sizes.  The output tile is always 512x512, so, when a
        // sampleSize is used, the size of the subset that is decoded is always
        // (sampleSize*512)x(sampleSize*512).
        // There are a few good reasons to only test on power of two sample sizes at this time:
        //     JPEG decodes using kOriginal_Strategy are broken for non-powers of two.
        //         https://bug.skia.org/4319
        //     All use cases we are aware of only scale by powers of two.
        //     PNG decodes use the indicated sampling strategy regardless of the sample size, so
        //         these tests are sufficient to provide good coverage of our scaling options.
        const uint32_t sampleSizes[] = { 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, 64 };
        const uint32_t minOutputSize = 512;
        for (; fCurrentBRDImage < fImages.count(); fCurrentBRDImage++) {
            const SkString& path = fImages[fCurrentBRDImage];
            if (SkCommandLineFlags::ShouldSkip(FLAGS_match, path.c_str())) {
                continue;
            }
            while (fCurrentBRDStrategy < (int) SK_ARRAY_COUNT(strategies)) {
                fSourceType = "image";
                fBenchType = strategies[fCurrentBRDStrategy].fName;

                const SkBitmapRegionDecoder::Strategy strategy =
                        strategies[fCurrentBRDStrategy].fStrategy;

                while (fCurrentColorType < fColorTypes.count()) {
                    while (fCurrentBRDSampleSize < (int) SK_ARRAY_COUNT(sampleSizes)) {
                        while (fCurrentSubsetType <= kLastSingle_SubsetType) {


                            SkAutoTUnref<SkData> encoded(SkData::NewFromFileName(path.c_str()));
                            const SkColorType colorType = fColorTypes[fCurrentColorType];
                            uint32_t sampleSize = sampleSizes[fCurrentBRDSampleSize];
                            int currentSubsetType = fCurrentSubsetType++;

                            int width = 0;
                            int height = 0;
                            if (!valid_brd_bench(encoded.get(), strategy, colorType, sampleSize,
                                    minOutputSize, &width, &height)) {
                                break;
                            }

                            SkString basename = SkOSPath::Basename(path.c_str());
                            SkIRect subset;
                            const uint32_t subsetSize = sampleSize * minOutputSize;
                            switch (currentSubsetType) {
                                case kTopLeft_SubsetType:
                                    basename.append("_TopLeft");
                                    subset = SkIRect::MakeXYWH(0, 0, subsetSize, subsetSize);
                                    break;
                                case kTopRight_SubsetType:
                                    basename.append("_TopRight");
                                    subset = SkIRect::MakeXYWH(width - subsetSize, 0, subsetSize,
                                            subsetSize);
                                    break;
                                case kMiddle_SubsetType:
                                    basename.append("_Middle");
                                    subset = SkIRect::MakeXYWH((width - subsetSize) / 2,
                                            (height - subsetSize) / 2, subsetSize, subsetSize);
                                    break;
                                case kBottomLeft_SubsetType:
                                    basename.append("_BottomLeft");
                                    subset = SkIRect::MakeXYWH(0, height - subsetSize, subsetSize,
                                            subsetSize);
                                    break;
                                case kBottomRight_SubsetType:
                                    basename.append("_BottomRight");
                                    subset = SkIRect::MakeXYWH(width - subsetSize,
                                            height - subsetSize, subsetSize, subsetSize);
                                    break;
                                default:
                                    SkASSERT(false);
                            }

                            return new BitmapRegionDecoderBench(basename.c_str(), encoded.get(),
                                    strategy, colorType, sampleSize, subset);
                        }
                        fCurrentSubsetType = 0;
                        fCurrentBRDSampleSize++;
                    }
                    fCurrentBRDSampleSize = 0;
                    fCurrentColorType++;
                }
                fCurrentColorType = 0;
                fCurrentBRDStrategy++;
            }
            fCurrentBRDStrategy = 0;
        }

        return nullptr;
    }

    void fillCurrentOptions(ResultsWriter* log) const {
        log->configOption("source_type", fSourceType);
        log->configOption("bench_type",  fBenchType);
        if (0 == strcmp(fSourceType, "skp")) {
            log->configOption("clip",
                    SkStringPrintf("%d %d %d %d", fClip.fLeft, fClip.fTop,
                                                  fClip.fRight, fClip.fBottom).c_str());
            SK_ALWAYSBREAK(fCurrentScale < fScales.count());  // debugging paranoia
            log->configOption("scale", SkStringPrintf("%.2g", fScales[fCurrentScale]).c_str());
            if (fCurrentUseMPD > 0) {
                SkASSERT(1 == fCurrentUseMPD || 2 == fCurrentUseMPD);
                log->configOption("multi_picture_draw", fUseMPDs[fCurrentUseMPD-1] ? "true" : "false");
            }
        }
        if (0 == strcmp(fBenchType, "recording")) {
            log->metric("bytes", fSKPBytes);
            log->metric("ops",   fSKPOps);
        }
    }

private:
    enum SubsetType {
        kTopLeft_SubsetType     = 0,
        kTopRight_SubsetType    = 1,
        kMiddle_SubsetType      = 2,
        kBottomLeft_SubsetType  = 3,
        kBottomRight_SubsetType = 4,
        kTranslate_SubsetType   = 5,
        kZoom_SubsetType        = 6,
        kLast_SubsetType        = kZoom_SubsetType,
        kLastSingle_SubsetType  = kBottomRight_SubsetType,
    };

    const BenchRegistry* fBenches;
    const skiagm::GMRegistry* fGMs;
    SkIRect            fClip;
    SkTArray<SkScalar> fScales;
    SkTArray<SkString> fSKPs;
    SkTArray<bool>     fUseMPDs;
    SkTArray<SkString> fImages;
    SkTArray<SkColorType, true> fColorTypes;
    SkScalar           fZoomMax;
    double             fZoomPeriodMs;

    double fSKPBytes, fSKPOps;

    const char* fSourceType;  // What we're benching: bench, GM, SKP, ...
    const char* fBenchType;   // How we bench it: micro, recording, playback, ...
    int fCurrentRecording;
    int fCurrentScale;
    int fCurrentSKP;
    int fCurrentUseMPD;
    int fCurrentCodec;
    int fCurrentBRDImage;
    int fCurrentColorType;
    int fCurrentAlphaType;
    int fCurrentSubsetType;
    int fCurrentBRDStrategy;
    int fCurrentBRDSampleSize;
    int fCurrentAnimSKP;
};

// Some runs (mostly, Valgrind) are so slow that the bot framework thinks we've hung.
// This prints something every once in a while so that it knows we're still working.
static void start_keepalive() {
    struct Loop {
        static void forever(void*) {
            for (;;) {
                static const int kSec = 1200;
            #if defined(SK_BUILD_FOR_WIN)
                Sleep(kSec * 1000);
            #else
                sleep(kSec);
            #endif
                SkDebugf("\nBenchmarks still running...\n");
            }
        }
    };
    static SkThread* intentionallyLeaked = new SkThread(Loop::forever);
    intentionallyLeaked->start();
}

int nanobench_main();
int nanobench_main() {
    SetupCrashHandler();
    SkAutoGraphics ag;
    SkTaskGroup::Enabler enabled(FLAGS_threads);

#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
    GrContextOptions grContextOpts;
    grContextOpts.fDrawPathToCompressedTexture = FLAGS_gpuCompressAlphaMasks;
    gGrFactory.reset(new GrContextFactory(grContextOpts));
#endif

    if (FLAGS_veryVerbose) {
        FLAGS_verbose = true;
    }

    if (kAutoTuneLoops != FLAGS_loops) {
        FLAGS_samples     = 1;
        FLAGS_gpuFrameLag = 0;
    }

    if (!FLAGS_writePath.isEmpty()) {
        SkDebugf("Writing files to %s.\n", FLAGS_writePath[0]);
        if (!sk_mkdir(FLAGS_writePath[0])) {
            SkDebugf("Could not create %s. Files won't be written.\n", FLAGS_writePath[0]);
            FLAGS_writePath.set(0, nullptr);
        }
    }

    SkAutoTDelete<ResultsWriter> log(new ResultsWriter);
    if (!FLAGS_outResultsFile.isEmpty()) {
#if defined(SK_RELEASE)
        log.reset(new NanoJSONResultsWriter(FLAGS_outResultsFile[0]));
#else
        SkDebugf("I'm ignoring --outResultsFile because this is a Debug build.");
        return 1;
#endif
    }

    if (1 == FLAGS_properties.count() % 2) {
        SkDebugf("ERROR: --properties must be passed with an even number of arguments.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < FLAGS_properties.count(); i += 2) {
        log->property(FLAGS_properties[i-1], FLAGS_properties[i]);
    }

    if (1 == FLAGS_key.count() % 2) {
        SkDebugf("ERROR: --key must be passed with an even number of arguments.\n");
        return 1;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i < FLAGS_key.count(); i += 2) {
        log->key(FLAGS_key[i-1], FLAGS_key[i]);
    }

    const double overhead = estimate_timer_overhead();
    SkDebugf("Timer overhead: %s\n", HUMANIZE(overhead));

    SkTArray<double> samples;

    if (kAutoTuneLoops != FLAGS_loops) {
        SkDebugf("Fixed number of loops; times would only be misleading so we won't print them.\n");
    } else if (FLAGS_quiet) {
        SkDebugf("! -> high variance, ? -> moderate variance\n");
        SkDebugf("    micros   \tbench\n");
    } else if (FLAGS_ms) {
        SkDebugf("curr/maxrss\tloops\tmin\tmedian\tmean\tmax\tstddev\tsamples\tconfig\tbench\n");
    } else {
        SkDebugf("curr/maxrss\tloops\tmin\tmedian\tmean\tmax\tstddev\t%-*s\tconfig\tbench\n",
                 FLAGS_samples, "samples");
    }

    SkTArray<Config> configs;
    create_configs(&configs);

    if (FLAGS_keepAlive) {
        start_keepalive();
    }

    int runs = 0;
    BenchmarkStream benchStream;
    while (Benchmark* b = benchStream.next()) {
        SkAutoTDelete<Benchmark> bench(b);
        if (SkCommandLineFlags::ShouldSkip(FLAGS_match, bench->getUniqueName())) {
            continue;
        }

        if (!configs.empty()) {
            log->bench(bench->getUniqueName(), bench->getSize().fX, bench->getSize().fY);
            bench->delayedSetup();
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < configs.count(); ++i) {
            Target* target = is_enabled(b, configs[i]);
            if (!target) {
                continue;
            }

            // During HWUI output this canvas may be nullptr.
            SkCanvas* canvas = target->getCanvas();
            const char* config = target->config.name.c_str();

            if (FLAGS_pre_log) {
                SkDebugf("Running %s\t%s\n"
                         , bench->getUniqueName()
                         , config);
            }

            target->setup();
            bench->perCanvasPreDraw(canvas);

            int maxFrameLag;
            int loops = target->needsFrameTiming(&maxFrameLag)
                ? setup_gpu_bench(target, bench.get(), maxFrameLag)
                : setup_cpu_bench(overhead, target, bench.get());

            if (FLAGS_ms) {
                samples.reset();
                auto stop = now_ms() + FLAGS_ms;
                do {
                    samples.push_back(time(loops, bench, target) / loops);
                } while (now_ms() < stop);
            } else {
                samples.reset(FLAGS_samples);
                for (int s = 0; s < FLAGS_samples; s++) {
                    samples[s] = time(loops, bench, target) / loops;
                }
            }

#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
            SkTArray<SkString> keys;
            SkTArray<double> values;
            bool gpuStatsDump = FLAGS_gpuStatsDump && Benchmark::kGPU_Backend == configs[i].backend;
            if (gpuStatsDump) {
                // TODO cache stats
                bench->getGpuStats(canvas, &keys, &values);
            }
#endif

            bench->perCanvasPostDraw(canvas);

            if (Benchmark::kNonRendering_Backend != target->config.backend &&
                !FLAGS_writePath.isEmpty() && FLAGS_writePath[0]) {
                SkString pngFilename = SkOSPath::Join(FLAGS_writePath[0], config);
                pngFilename = SkOSPath::Join(pngFilename.c_str(), bench->getUniqueName());
                pngFilename.append(".png");
                write_canvas_png(target, pngFilename);
            }

            if (kFailedLoops == loops) {
                // Can't be timed.  A warning note has already been printed.
                cleanup_run(target);
                continue;
            }

            Stats stats(samples);
            log->config(config);
            log->configOption("name", bench->getName());
            benchStream.fillCurrentOptions(log.get());
            target->fillOptions(log.get());
            log->metric("min_ms",    stats.min);
            log->metric("median_ms", stats.median);
#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
            if (gpuStatsDump) {
                // dump to json, only SKPBench currently returns valid keys / values
                SkASSERT(keys.count() == values.count());
                for (int i = 0; i < keys.count(); i++) {
                    log->metric(keys[i].c_str(), values[i]);
                }
            }
#endif

            if (runs++ % FLAGS_flushEvery == 0) {
                log->flush();
            }

            if (kAutoTuneLoops != FLAGS_loops) {
                if (configs.count() == 1) {
                    config = ""; // Only print the config if we run the same bench on more than one.
                }
                SkDebugf("%4d/%-4dMB\t%s\t%s\n"
                         , sk_tools::getCurrResidentSetSizeMB()
                         , sk_tools::getMaxResidentSetSizeMB()
                         , bench->getUniqueName()
                         , config);
            } else if (FLAGS_quiet) {
                const char* mark = " ";
                const double stddev_percent = 100 * sqrt(stats.var) / stats.mean;
                if (stddev_percent >  5) mark = "?";
                if (stddev_percent > 10) mark = "!";

                SkDebugf("%10.2f %s\t%s\t%s\n",
                         stats.median*1e3, mark, bench->getUniqueName(), config);
            } else {
                const double stddev_percent = 100 * sqrt(stats.var) / stats.mean;
                SkDebugf("%4d/%-4dMB\t%d\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\t%.0f%%\t%s\t%s\t%s\n"
                        , sk_tools::getCurrResidentSetSizeMB()
                        , sk_tools::getMaxResidentSetSizeMB()
                        , loops
                        , HUMANIZE(stats.min)
                        , HUMANIZE(stats.median)
                        , HUMANIZE(stats.mean)
                        , HUMANIZE(stats.max)
                        , stddev_percent
                        , FLAGS_ms ? to_string(samples.count()).c_str() : stats.plot.c_str()
                        , config
                        , bench->getUniqueName()
                        );
            }

#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
            if (FLAGS_gpuStats && Benchmark::kGPU_Backend == configs[i].backend) {
                GrContext* context = gGrFactory->get(configs[i].ctxType,
                                                     configs[i].ctxOptions);
                context->printCacheStats();
                context->printGpuStats();
            }
#endif

            if (FLAGS_verbose) {
                SkDebugf("Samples:  ");
                for (int i = 0; i < samples.count(); i++) {
                    SkDebugf("%s  ", HUMANIZE(samples[i]));
                }
                SkDebugf("%s\n", bench->getUniqueName());
            }
            cleanup_run(target);
        }
    }

    log->bench("memory_usage", 0,0);
    log->config("meta");
    log->metric("max_rss_mb", sk_tools::getMaxResidentSetSizeMB());

#if SK_SUPPORT_GPU
    // Make sure we clean up the global GrContextFactory here, otherwise we might race with the
    // SkEventTracer destructor
    gGrFactory.reset(nullptr);
#endif

    return 0;
}

#if !defined SK_BUILD_FOR_IOS
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
    SkCommandLineFlags::Parse(argc, argv);
    return nanobench_main();
}
#endif