drivers/gpu/drm/i915/i915_gem_gtt.c

/*
 * Copyright © 2010 Daniel Vetter
 * Copyright © 2011-2014 Intel Corporation
 *
 * Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
 * copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"),
 * to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation
 * the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense,
 * and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the
 * Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
 *
 * The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the next
 * paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the
 * Software.
 *
 * THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT.  IN NO EVENT SHALL
 * THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
 * LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING
 * FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS
 * IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include <linux/seq_file.h>
#include <drm/drmP.h>
#include <drm/i915_drm.h>
#include "i915_drv.h"
#include "i915_vgpu.h"
#include "i915_trace.h"
#include "intel_drv.h"

/**
 * DOC: Global GTT views
 *
 * Background and previous state
 *
 * Historically objects could exists (be bound) in global GTT space only as
 * singular instances with a view representing all of the object's backing pages
 * in a linear fashion. This view will be called a normal view.
 *
 * To support multiple views of the same object, where the number of mapped
 * pages is not equal to the backing store, or where the layout of the pages
 * is not linear, concept of a GGTT view was added.
 *
 * One example of an alternative view is a stereo display driven by a single
 * image. In this case we would have a framebuffer looking like this
 * (2x2 pages):
 *
 *    12
 *    34
 *
 * Above would represent a normal GGTT view as normally mapped for GPU or CPU
 * rendering. In contrast, fed to the display engine would be an alternative
 * view which could look something like this:
 *
 *   1212
 *   3434
 *
 * In this example both the size and layout of pages in the alternative view is
 * different from the normal view.
 *
 * Implementation and usage
 *
 * GGTT views are implemented using VMAs and are distinguished via enum
 * i915_ggtt_view_type and struct i915_ggtt_view.
 *
 * A new flavour of core GEM functions which work with GGTT bound objects were
 * added with the _ggtt_ infix, and sometimes with _view postfix to avoid
 * renaming  in large amounts of code. They take the struct i915_ggtt_view
 * parameter encapsulating all metadata required to implement a view.
 *
 * As a helper for callers which are only interested in the normal view,
 * globally const i915_ggtt_view_normal singleton instance exists. All old core
 * GEM API functions, the ones not taking the view parameter, are operating on,
 * or with the normal GGTT view.
 *
 * Code wanting to add or use a new GGTT view needs to:
 *
 * 1. Add a new enum with a suitable name.
 * 2. Extend the metadata in the i915_ggtt_view structure if required.
 * 3. Add support to i915_get_vma_pages().
 *
 * New views are required to build a scatter-gather table from within the
 * i915_get_vma_pages function. This table is stored in the vma.ggtt_view and
 * exists for the lifetime of an VMA.
 *
 * Core API is designed to have copy semantics which means that passed in
 * struct i915_ggtt_view does not need to be persistent (left around after
 * calling the core API functions).
 *
 */

const struct i915_ggtt_view i915_ggtt_view_normal;
const struct i915_ggtt_view i915_ggtt_view_rotated = {
        .type = I915_GGTT_VIEW_ROTATED
};

static void bdw_setup_private_ppat(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv);
static void chv_setup_private_ppat(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv);

static int sanitize_enable_ppgtt(struct drm_device *dev, int enable_ppgtt)
{
	bool has_aliasing_ppgtt;
	bool has_full_ppgtt;

	has_aliasing_ppgtt = INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen >= 6;
	has_full_ppgtt = INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen >= 7;

	if (intel_vgpu_active(dev))
		has_full_ppgtt = false; /* emulation is too hard */

	/*
	 * We don't allow disabling PPGTT for gen9+ as it's a requirement for
	 * execlists, the sole mechanism available to submit work.
	 */
	if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen < 9 &&
	    (enable_ppgtt == 0 || !has_aliasing_ppgtt))
		return 0;

	if (enable_ppgtt == 1)
		return 1;

	if (enable_ppgtt == 2 && has_full_ppgtt)
		return 2;

#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU
	/* Disable ppgtt on SNB if VT-d is on. */
	if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen == 6 && intel_iommu_gfx_mapped) {
		DRM_INFO("Disabling PPGTT because VT-d is on\n");
		return 0;
	}
#endif

	/* Early VLV doesn't have this */
	if (IS_VALLEYVIEW(dev) && !IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev) &&
	    dev->pdev->revision < 0xb) {
		DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("disabling PPGTT on pre-B3 step VLV\n");
		return 0;
	}

	if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen >= 8 && i915.enable_execlists)
		return 2;
	else
		return has_aliasing_ppgtt ? 1 : 0;
}

static void ppgtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
			   enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
			   u32 flags);
static void ppgtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma);

static inline gen8_pte_t gen8_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
					 enum i915_cache_level level,
					 bool valid)
{
	gen8_pte_t pte = valid ? _PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW : 0;
	pte |= addr;

	switch (level) {
	case I915_CACHE_NONE:
		pte |= PPAT_UNCACHED_INDEX;
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_WT:
		pte |= PPAT_DISPLAY_ELLC_INDEX;
		break;
	default:
		pte |= PPAT_CACHED_INDEX;
		break;
	}

	return pte;
}

static inline gen8_pde_t gen8_pde_encode(struct drm_device *dev,
					  dma_addr_t addr,
					  enum i915_cache_level level)
{
	gen8_pde_t pde = _PAGE_PRESENT | _PAGE_RW;
	pde |= addr;
	if (level != I915_CACHE_NONE)
		pde |= PPAT_CACHED_PDE_INDEX;
	else
		pde |= PPAT_UNCACHED_INDEX;
	return pde;
}

static gen6_pte_t snb_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				 enum i915_cache_level level,
				 bool valid, u32 unused)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = valid ? GEN6_PTE_VALID : 0;
	pte |= GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	switch (level) {
	case I915_CACHE_L3_LLC:
	case I915_CACHE_LLC:
		pte |= GEN6_PTE_CACHE_LLC;
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_NONE:
		pte |= GEN6_PTE_UNCACHED;
		break;
	default:
		MISSING_CASE(level);
	}

	return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t ivb_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				 enum i915_cache_level level,
				 bool valid, u32 unused)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = valid ? GEN6_PTE_VALID : 0;
	pte |= GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	switch (level) {
	case I915_CACHE_L3_LLC:
		pte |= GEN7_PTE_CACHE_L3_LLC;
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_LLC:
		pte |= GEN6_PTE_CACHE_LLC;
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_NONE:
		pte |= GEN6_PTE_UNCACHED;
		break;
	default:
		MISSING_CASE(level);
	}

	return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t byt_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				 enum i915_cache_level level,
				 bool valid, u32 flags)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = valid ? GEN6_PTE_VALID : 0;
	pte |= GEN6_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	if (!(flags & PTE_READ_ONLY))
		pte |= BYT_PTE_WRITEABLE;

	if (level != I915_CACHE_NONE)
		pte |= BYT_PTE_SNOOPED_BY_CPU_CACHES;

	return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t hsw_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				 enum i915_cache_level level,
				 bool valid, u32 unused)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = valid ? GEN6_PTE_VALID : 0;
	pte |= HSW_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	if (level != I915_CACHE_NONE)
		pte |= HSW_WB_LLC_AGE3;

	return pte;
}

static gen6_pte_t iris_pte_encode(dma_addr_t addr,
				  enum i915_cache_level level,
				  bool valid, u32 unused)
{
	gen6_pte_t pte = valid ? GEN6_PTE_VALID : 0;
	pte |= HSW_PTE_ADDR_ENCODE(addr);

	switch (level) {
	case I915_CACHE_NONE:
		break;
	case I915_CACHE_WT:
		pte |= HSW_WT_ELLC_LLC_AGE3;
		break;
	default:
		pte |= HSW_WB_ELLC_LLC_AGE3;
		break;
	}

	return pte;
}

#define i915_dma_unmap_single(px, dev) \
	__i915_dma_unmap_single((px)->daddr, dev)

static inline void __i915_dma_unmap_single(dma_addr_t daddr,
					struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct device *device = &dev->pdev->dev;

	dma_unmap_page(device, daddr, 4096, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
}

/**
 * i915_dma_map_single() - Create a dma mapping for a page table/dir/etc.
 * @px:	Page table/dir/etc to get a DMA map for
 * @dev:	drm device
 *
 * Page table allocations are unified across all gens. They always require a
 * single 4k allocation, as well as a DMA mapping. If we keep the structs
 * symmetric here, the simple macro covers us for every page table type.
 *
 * Return: 0 if success.
 */
#define i915_dma_map_single(px, dev) \
	i915_dma_map_page_single((px)->page, (dev), &(px)->daddr)

static inline int i915_dma_map_page_single(struct page *page,
					   struct drm_device *dev,
					   dma_addr_t *daddr)
{
	struct device *device = &dev->pdev->dev;

	*daddr = dma_map_page(device, page, 0, 4096, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
	if (dma_mapping_error(device, *daddr))
		return -ENOMEM;

	return 0;
}

static void unmap_and_free_pt(struct i915_page_table *pt,
			       struct drm_device *dev)
{
	if (WARN_ON(!pt->page))
		return;

	i915_dma_unmap_single(pt, dev);
	__free_page(pt->page);
	kfree(pt->used_ptes);
	kfree(pt);
}

static struct i915_page_table *alloc_pt_single(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	const size_t count = INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen >= 8 ?
		GEN8_PTES : GEN6_PTES;
	int ret = -ENOMEM;

	pt = kzalloc(sizeof(*pt), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!pt)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	pt->used_ptes = kcalloc(BITS_TO_LONGS(count), sizeof(*pt->used_ptes),
				GFP_KERNEL);

	if (!pt->used_ptes)
		goto fail_bitmap;

	pt->page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!pt->page)
		goto fail_page;

	ret = i915_dma_map_single(pt, dev);
	if (ret)
		goto fail_dma;

	return pt;

fail_dma:
	__free_page(pt->page);
fail_page:
	kfree(pt->used_ptes);
fail_bitmap:
	kfree(pt);

	return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

/**
 * alloc_pt_range() - Allocate a multiple page tables
 * @pd:		The page directory which will have at least @count entries
 *		available to point to the allocated page tables.
 * @pde:	First page directory entry for which we are allocating.
 * @count:	Number of pages to allocate.
 * @dev:	DRM device.
 *
 * Allocates multiple page table pages and sets the appropriate entries in the
 * page table structure within the page directory. Function cleans up after
 * itself on any failures.
 *
 * Return: 0 if allocation succeeded.
 */
static int alloc_pt_range(struct i915_page_directory *pd, uint16_t pde, size_t count,
			  struct drm_device *dev)
{
	int i, ret;

	/* 512 is the max page tables per page_directory on any platform. */
	if (WARN_ON(pde + count > I915_PDES))
		return -EINVAL;

	for (i = pde; i < pde + count; i++) {
		struct i915_page_table *pt = alloc_pt_single(dev);

		if (IS_ERR(pt)) {
			ret = PTR_ERR(pt);
			goto err_out;
		}
		WARN(pd->page_table[i],
		     "Leaking page directory entry %d (%p)\n",
		     i, pd->page_table[i]);
		pd->page_table[i] = pt;
	}

	return 0;

err_out:
	while (i-- > pde)
		unmap_and_free_pt(pd->page_table[i], dev);
	return ret;
}

static void unmap_and_free_pd(struct i915_page_directory *pd)
{
	if (pd->page) {
		__free_page(pd->page);
		kfree(pd);
	}
}

static struct i915_page_directory *alloc_pd_single(void)
{
	struct i915_page_directory *pd;

	pd = kzalloc(sizeof(*pd), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!pd)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	pd->page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL | __GFP_ZERO);
	if (!pd->page) {
		kfree(pd);
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);
	}

	return pd;
}

/* Broadwell Page Directory Pointer Descriptors */
static int gen8_write_pdp(struct intel_engine_cs *ring, unsigned entry,
			   uint64_t val)
{
	int ret;

	BUG_ON(entry >= 4);

	ret = intel_ring_begin(ring, 6);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	intel_ring_emit(ring, MI_LOAD_REGISTER_IMM(1));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, GEN8_RING_PDP_UDW(ring, entry));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, (u32)(val >> 32));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, MI_LOAD_REGISTER_IMM(1));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, GEN8_RING_PDP_LDW(ring, entry));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, (u32)(val));
	intel_ring_advance(ring);

	return 0;
}

static int gen8_mm_switch(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
			  struct intel_engine_cs *ring)
{
	int i, ret;

	/* bit of a hack to find the actual last used pd */
	int used_pd = ppgtt->num_pd_entries / I915_PDES;

	for (i = used_pd - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
		dma_addr_t addr = ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i]->daddr;
		ret = gen8_write_pdp(ring, i, addr);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				   uint64_t start,
				   uint64_t length,
				   bool use_scratch)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
		container_of(vm, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, base);
	gen8_pte_t *pt_vaddr, scratch_pte;
	unsigned pdpe = start >> GEN8_PDPE_SHIFT & GEN8_PDPE_MASK;
	unsigned pde = start >> GEN8_PDE_SHIFT & GEN8_PDE_MASK;
	unsigned pte = start >> GEN8_PTE_SHIFT & GEN8_PTE_MASK;
	unsigned num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned last_pte, i;

	scratch_pte = gen8_pte_encode(ppgtt->base.scratch.addr,
				      I915_CACHE_LLC, use_scratch);

	while (num_entries) {
		struct i915_page_directory *pd;
		struct i915_page_table *pt;
		struct page *page_table;

		if (WARN_ON(!ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[pdpe]))
			continue;

		pd = ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[pdpe];

		if (WARN_ON(!pd->page_table[pde]))
			continue;

		pt = pd->page_table[pde];

		if (WARN_ON(!pt->page))
			continue;

		page_table = pt->page;

		last_pte = pte + num_entries;
		if (last_pte > GEN8_PTES)
			last_pte = GEN8_PTES;

		pt_vaddr = kmap_atomic(page_table);

		for (i = pte; i < last_pte; i++) {
			pt_vaddr[i] = scratch_pte;
			num_entries--;
		}

		if (!HAS_LLC(ppgtt->base.dev))
			drm_clflush_virt_range(pt_vaddr, PAGE_SIZE);
		kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);

		pte = 0;
		if (++pde == I915_PDES) {
			pdpe++;
			pde = 0;
		}
	}
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				      struct sg_table *pages,
				      uint64_t start,
				      enum i915_cache_level cache_level, u32 unused)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
		container_of(vm, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, base);
	gen8_pte_t *pt_vaddr;
	unsigned pdpe = start >> GEN8_PDPE_SHIFT & GEN8_PDPE_MASK;
	unsigned pde = start >> GEN8_PDE_SHIFT & GEN8_PDE_MASK;
	unsigned pte = start >> GEN8_PTE_SHIFT & GEN8_PTE_MASK;
	struct sg_page_iter sg_iter;

	pt_vaddr = NULL;

	for_each_sg_page(pages->sgl, &sg_iter, pages->nents, 0) {
		if (WARN_ON(pdpe >= GEN8_LEGACY_PDPES))
			break;

		if (pt_vaddr == NULL) {
			struct i915_page_directory *pd = ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[pdpe];
			struct i915_page_table *pt = pd->page_table[pde];
			struct page *page_table = pt->page;

			pt_vaddr = kmap_atomic(page_table);
		}

		pt_vaddr[pte] =
			gen8_pte_encode(sg_page_iter_dma_address(&sg_iter),
					cache_level, true);
		if (++pte == GEN8_PTES) {
			if (!HAS_LLC(ppgtt->base.dev))
				drm_clflush_virt_range(pt_vaddr, PAGE_SIZE);
			kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);
			pt_vaddr = NULL;
			if (++pde == I915_PDES) {
				pdpe++;
				pde = 0;
			}
			pte = 0;
		}
	}
	if (pt_vaddr) {
		if (!HAS_LLC(ppgtt->base.dev))
			drm_clflush_virt_range(pt_vaddr, PAGE_SIZE);
		kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);
	}
}

static void gen8_free_page_tables(struct i915_page_directory *pd, struct drm_device *dev)
{
	int i;

	if (!pd->page)
		return;

	for (i = 0; i < I915_PDES; i++) {
		if (WARN_ON(!pd->page_table[i]))
			continue;

		unmap_and_free_pt(pd->page_table[i], dev);
		pd->page_table[i] = NULL;
	}
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_free(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ppgtt->num_pd_pages; i++) {
		if (WARN_ON(!ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i]))
			continue;

		gen8_free_page_tables(ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i], ppgtt->base.dev);
		unmap_and_free_pd(ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i]);
	}
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_cleanup(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
		container_of(vm, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, base);

	gen8_ppgtt_free(ppgtt);
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_allocate_page_tables(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	int i, ret;

	for (i = 0; i < ppgtt->num_pd_pages; i++) {
		ret = alloc_pt_range(ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i],
				     0, I915_PDES, ppgtt->base.dev);
		if (ret)
			goto unwind_out;
	}

	return 0;

unwind_out:
	while (i--)
		gen8_free_page_tables(ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i], ppgtt->base.dev);

	return -ENOMEM;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_allocate_page_directories(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
						const int max_pdp)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < max_pdp; i++) {
		ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i] = alloc_pd_single();
		if (IS_ERR(ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i]))
			goto unwind_out;
	}

	ppgtt->num_pd_pages = max_pdp;
	BUG_ON(ppgtt->num_pd_pages > GEN8_LEGACY_PDPES);

	return 0;

unwind_out:
	while (i--)
		unmap_and_free_pd(ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i]);

	return -ENOMEM;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_alloc(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
			    const int max_pdp)
{
	int ret;

	ret = gen8_ppgtt_allocate_page_directories(ppgtt, max_pdp);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = gen8_ppgtt_allocate_page_tables(ppgtt);
	if (ret)
		goto err_out;

	ppgtt->num_pd_entries = max_pdp * I915_PDES;

	return 0;

err_out:
	gen8_ppgtt_free(ppgtt);
	return ret;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_setup_page_directories(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
					     const int pd)
{
	dma_addr_t pd_addr;
	int ret;

	pd_addr = pci_map_page(ppgtt->base.dev->pdev,
			       ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[pd]->page, 0,
			       PAGE_SIZE, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);

	ret = pci_dma_mapping_error(ppgtt->base.dev->pdev, pd_addr);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[pd]->daddr = pd_addr;

	return 0;
}

static int gen8_ppgtt_setup_page_tables(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
					const int pd,
					const int pt)
{
	dma_addr_t pt_addr;
	struct i915_page_directory *pdir = ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[pd];
	struct i915_page_table *ptab = pdir->page_table[pt];
	struct page *p = ptab->page;
	int ret;

	pt_addr = pci_map_page(ppgtt->base.dev->pdev,
			       p, 0, PAGE_SIZE, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
	ret = pci_dma_mapping_error(ppgtt->base.dev->pdev, pt_addr);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ptab->daddr = pt_addr;

	return 0;
}

/*
 * GEN8 legacy ppgtt programming is accomplished through a max 4 PDP registers
 * with a net effect resembling a 2-level page table in normal x86 terms. Each
 * PDP represents 1GB of memory 4 * 512 * 512 * 4096 = 4GB legacy 32b address
 * space.
 *
 * FIXME: split allocation into smaller pieces. For now we only ever do this
 * once, but with full PPGTT, the multiple contiguous allocations will be bad.
 * TODO: Do something with the size parameter
 */
static int gen8_ppgtt_init(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt, uint64_t size)
{
	const int max_pdp = DIV_ROUND_UP(size, 1 << 30);
	const int min_pt_pages = I915_PDES * max_pdp;
	int i, j, ret;

	if (size % (1<<30))
		DRM_INFO("Pages will be wasted unless GTT size (%llu) is divisible by 1GB\n", size);

	/* 1. Do all our allocations for page directories and page tables.
	 * We allocate more than was asked so that we can point the unused parts
	 * to valid entries that point to scratch page. Dynamic page tables
	 * will fix this eventually.
	 */
	ret = gen8_ppgtt_alloc(ppgtt, GEN8_LEGACY_PDPES);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	/*
	 * 2. Create DMA mappings for the page directories and page tables.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < GEN8_LEGACY_PDPES; i++) {
		ret = gen8_ppgtt_setup_page_directories(ppgtt, i);
		if (ret)
			goto bail;

		for (j = 0; j < I915_PDES; j++) {
			ret = gen8_ppgtt_setup_page_tables(ppgtt, i, j);
			if (ret)
				goto bail;
		}
	}

	/*
	 * 3. Map all the page directory entires to point to the page tables
	 * we've allocated.
	 *
	 * For now, the PPGTT helper functions all require that the PDEs are
	 * plugged in correctly. So we do that now/here. For aliasing PPGTT, we
	 * will never need to touch the PDEs again.
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < GEN8_LEGACY_PDPES; i++) {
		struct i915_page_directory *pd = ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i];
		gen8_pde_t *pd_vaddr;
		pd_vaddr = kmap_atomic(ppgtt->pdp.page_directory[i]->page);
		for (j = 0; j < I915_PDES; j++) {
			struct i915_page_table *pt = pd->page_table[j];
			dma_addr_t addr = pt->daddr;
			pd_vaddr[j] = gen8_pde_encode(ppgtt->base.dev, addr,
						      I915_CACHE_LLC);
		}
		if (!HAS_LLC(ppgtt->base.dev))
			drm_clflush_virt_range(pd_vaddr, PAGE_SIZE);
		kunmap_atomic(pd_vaddr);
	}

	ppgtt->switch_mm = gen8_mm_switch;
	ppgtt->base.clear_range = gen8_ppgtt_clear_range;
	ppgtt->base.insert_entries = gen8_ppgtt_insert_entries;
	ppgtt->base.cleanup = gen8_ppgtt_cleanup;
	ppgtt->base.start = 0;

	/* This is the area that we advertise as usable for the caller */
	ppgtt->base.total = max_pdp * I915_PDES * GEN8_PTES * PAGE_SIZE;

	/* Set all ptes to a valid scratch page. Also above requested space */
	ppgtt->base.clear_range(&ppgtt->base, 0,
				ppgtt->num_pd_pages * GEN8_PTES * PAGE_SIZE,
				true);

	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Allocated %d pages for page directories (%d wasted)\n",
			 ppgtt->num_pd_pages, ppgtt->num_pd_pages - max_pdp);
	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Allocated %d pages for page tables (%lld wasted)\n",
			 ppgtt->num_pd_entries,
			 (ppgtt->num_pd_entries - min_pt_pages) + size % (1<<30));
	return 0;

bail:
	gen8_ppgtt_free(ppgtt);
	return ret;
}

static void gen6_dump_ppgtt(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt, struct seq_file *m)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = ppgtt->base.dev->dev_private;
	struct i915_address_space *vm = &ppgtt->base;
	gen6_pte_t __iomem *pd_addr;
	gen6_pte_t scratch_pte;
	uint32_t pd_entry;
	int pte, pde;

	scratch_pte = vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch.addr, I915_CACHE_LLC, true, 0);

	pd_addr = (gen6_pte_t __iomem *)dev_priv->gtt.gsm +
		ppgtt->pd.pd_offset / sizeof(gen6_pte_t);

	seq_printf(m, "  VM %p (pd_offset %x-%x):\n", vm,
		   ppgtt->pd.pd_offset,
		   ppgtt->pd.pd_offset + ppgtt->num_pd_entries);
	for (pde = 0; pde < ppgtt->num_pd_entries; pde++) {
		u32 expected;
		gen6_pte_t *pt_vaddr;
		dma_addr_t pt_addr = ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde]->daddr;
		pd_entry = readl(pd_addr + pde);
		expected = (GEN6_PDE_ADDR_ENCODE(pt_addr) | GEN6_PDE_VALID);

		if (pd_entry != expected)
			seq_printf(m, "\tPDE #%d mismatch: Actual PDE: %x Expected PDE: %x\n",
				   pde,
				   pd_entry,
				   expected);
		seq_printf(m, "\tPDE: %x\n", pd_entry);

		pt_vaddr = kmap_atomic(ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde]->page);
		for (pte = 0; pte < GEN6_PTES; pte+=4) {
			unsigned long va =
				(pde * PAGE_SIZE * GEN6_PTES) +
				(pte * PAGE_SIZE);
			int i;
			bool found = false;
			for (i = 0; i < 4; i++)
				if (pt_vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
					found = true;
			if (!found)
				continue;

			seq_printf(m, "\t\t0x%lx [%03d,%04d]: =", va, pde, pte);
			for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
				if (pt_vaddr[pte + i] != scratch_pte)
					seq_printf(m, " %08x", pt_vaddr[pte + i]);
				else
					seq_puts(m, "  SCRATCH ");
			}
			seq_puts(m, "\n");
		}
		kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);
	}
}

/* Write pde (index) from the page directory @pd to the page table @pt */
static void gen6_write_pde(struct i915_page_directory *pd,
			    const int pde, struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
	/* Caller needs to make sure the write completes if necessary */
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
		container_of(pd, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, pd);
	u32 pd_entry;

	pd_entry = GEN6_PDE_ADDR_ENCODE(pt->daddr);
	pd_entry |= GEN6_PDE_VALID;

	writel(pd_entry, ppgtt->pd_addr + pde);
}

/* Write all the page tables found in the ppgtt structure to incrementing page
 * directories. */
static void gen6_write_page_range(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv,
				  struct i915_page_directory *pd,
				  uint32_t start, uint32_t length)
{
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	uint32_t pde, temp;

	gen6_for_each_pde(pt, pd, start, length, temp, pde)
		gen6_write_pde(pd, pde, pt);

	/* Make sure write is complete before other code can use this page
	 * table. Also require for WC mapped PTEs */
	readl(dev_priv->gtt.gsm);
}

static uint32_t get_pd_offset(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	BUG_ON(ppgtt->pd.pd_offset & 0x3f);

	return (ppgtt->pd.pd_offset / 64) << 16;
}

static int hsw_mm_switch(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
			 struct intel_engine_cs *ring)
{
	int ret;

	/* NB: TLBs must be flushed and invalidated before a switch */
	ret = ring->flush(ring, I915_GEM_GPU_DOMAINS, I915_GEM_GPU_DOMAINS);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = intel_ring_begin(ring, 6);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	intel_ring_emit(ring, MI_LOAD_REGISTER_IMM(2));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, RING_PP_DIR_DCLV(ring));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, PP_DIR_DCLV_2G);
	intel_ring_emit(ring, RING_PP_DIR_BASE(ring));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, get_pd_offset(ppgtt));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, MI_NOOP);
	intel_ring_advance(ring);

	return 0;
}

static int vgpu_mm_switch(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
			  struct intel_engine_cs *ring)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = to_i915(ppgtt->base.dev);

	I915_WRITE(RING_PP_DIR_DCLV(ring), PP_DIR_DCLV_2G);
	I915_WRITE(RING_PP_DIR_BASE(ring), get_pd_offset(ppgtt));
	return 0;
}

static int gen7_mm_switch(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
			  struct intel_engine_cs *ring)
{
	int ret;

	/* NB: TLBs must be flushed and invalidated before a switch */
	ret = ring->flush(ring, I915_GEM_GPU_DOMAINS, I915_GEM_GPU_DOMAINS);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	ret = intel_ring_begin(ring, 6);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	intel_ring_emit(ring, MI_LOAD_REGISTER_IMM(2));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, RING_PP_DIR_DCLV(ring));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, PP_DIR_DCLV_2G);
	intel_ring_emit(ring, RING_PP_DIR_BASE(ring));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, get_pd_offset(ppgtt));
	intel_ring_emit(ring, MI_NOOP);
	intel_ring_advance(ring);

	/* XXX: RCS is the only one to auto invalidate the TLBs? */
	if (ring->id != RCS) {
		ret = ring->flush(ring, I915_GEM_GPU_DOMAINS, I915_GEM_GPU_DOMAINS);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int gen6_mm_switch(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
			  struct intel_engine_cs *ring)
{
	struct drm_device *dev = ppgtt->base.dev;
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;


	I915_WRITE(RING_PP_DIR_DCLV(ring), PP_DIR_DCLV_2G);
	I915_WRITE(RING_PP_DIR_BASE(ring), get_pd_offset(ppgtt));

	POSTING_READ(RING_PP_DIR_DCLV(ring));

	return 0;
}

static void gen8_ppgtt_enable(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct intel_engine_cs *ring;
	int j;

	for_each_ring(ring, dev_priv, j) {
		I915_WRITE(RING_MODE_GEN7(ring),
			   _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(GFX_PPGTT_ENABLE));
	}
}

static void gen7_ppgtt_enable(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct intel_engine_cs *ring;
	uint32_t ecochk, ecobits;
	int i;

	ecobits = I915_READ(GAC_ECO_BITS);
	I915_WRITE(GAC_ECO_BITS, ecobits | ECOBITS_PPGTT_CACHE64B);

	ecochk = I915_READ(GAM_ECOCHK);
	if (IS_HASWELL(dev)) {
		ecochk |= ECOCHK_PPGTT_WB_HSW;
	} else {
		ecochk |= ECOCHK_PPGTT_LLC_IVB;
		ecochk &= ~ECOCHK_PPGTT_GFDT_IVB;
	}
	I915_WRITE(GAM_ECOCHK, ecochk);

	for_each_ring(ring, dev_priv, i) {
		/* GFX_MODE is per-ring on gen7+ */
		I915_WRITE(RING_MODE_GEN7(ring),
			   _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(GFX_PPGTT_ENABLE));
	}
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_enable(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	uint32_t ecochk, gab_ctl, ecobits;

	ecobits = I915_READ(GAC_ECO_BITS);
	I915_WRITE(GAC_ECO_BITS, ecobits | ECOBITS_SNB_BIT |
		   ECOBITS_PPGTT_CACHE64B);

	gab_ctl = I915_READ(GAB_CTL);
	I915_WRITE(GAB_CTL, gab_ctl | GAB_CTL_CONT_AFTER_PAGEFAULT);

	ecochk = I915_READ(GAM_ECOCHK);
	I915_WRITE(GAM_ECOCHK, ecochk | ECOCHK_SNB_BIT | ECOCHK_PPGTT_CACHE64B);

	I915_WRITE(GFX_MODE, _MASKED_BIT_ENABLE(GFX_PPGTT_ENABLE));
}

/* PPGTT support for Sandybdrige/Gen6 and later */
static void gen6_ppgtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				   uint64_t start,
				   uint64_t length,
				   bool use_scratch)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
		container_of(vm, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, base);
	gen6_pte_t *pt_vaddr, scratch_pte;
	unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned act_pt = first_entry / GEN6_PTES;
	unsigned first_pte = first_entry % GEN6_PTES;
	unsigned last_pte, i;

	scratch_pte = vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch.addr, I915_CACHE_LLC, true, 0);

	while (num_entries) {
		last_pte = first_pte + num_entries;
		if (last_pte > GEN6_PTES)
			last_pte = GEN6_PTES;

		pt_vaddr = kmap_atomic(ppgtt->pd.page_table[act_pt]->page);

		for (i = first_pte; i < last_pte; i++)
			pt_vaddr[i] = scratch_pte;

		kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);

		num_entries -= last_pte - first_pte;
		first_pte = 0;
		act_pt++;
	}
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				      struct sg_table *pages,
				      uint64_t start,
				      enum i915_cache_level cache_level, u32 flags)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
		container_of(vm, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, base);
	gen6_pte_t *pt_vaddr;
	unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned act_pt = first_entry / GEN6_PTES;
	unsigned act_pte = first_entry % GEN6_PTES;
	struct sg_page_iter sg_iter;

	pt_vaddr = NULL;
	for_each_sg_page(pages->sgl, &sg_iter, pages->nents, 0) {
		if (pt_vaddr == NULL)
			pt_vaddr = kmap_atomic(ppgtt->pd.page_table[act_pt]->page);

		pt_vaddr[act_pte] =
			vm->pte_encode(sg_page_iter_dma_address(&sg_iter),
				       cache_level, true, flags);

		if (++act_pte == GEN6_PTES) {
			kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);
			pt_vaddr = NULL;
			act_pt++;
			act_pte = 0;
		}
	}
	if (pt_vaddr)
		kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);
}

/* PDE TLBs are a pain invalidate pre GEN8. It requires a context reload. If we
 * are switching between contexts with the same LRCA, we also must do a force
 * restore.
 */
static inline void mark_tlbs_dirty(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	/* If current vm != vm, */
	ppgtt->pd_dirty_rings = INTEL_INFO(ppgtt->base.dev)->ring_mask;
}

static void gen6_initialize_pt(struct i915_address_space *vm,
		struct i915_page_table *pt)
{
	gen6_pte_t *pt_vaddr, scratch_pte;
	int i;

	WARN_ON(vm->scratch.addr == 0);

	scratch_pte = vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch.addr,
			I915_CACHE_LLC, true, 0);

	pt_vaddr = kmap_atomic(pt->page);

	for (i = 0; i < GEN6_PTES; i++)
		pt_vaddr[i] = scratch_pte;

	kunmap_atomic(pt_vaddr);
}

static int gen6_alloc_va_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
			       uint64_t start, uint64_t length)
{
	DECLARE_BITMAP(new_page_tables, I915_PDES);
	struct drm_device *dev = vm->dev;
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
				container_of(vm, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, base);
	struct i915_page_table *pt;
	const uint32_t start_save = start, length_save = length;
	uint32_t pde, temp;
	int ret;

	WARN_ON(upper_32_bits(start));

	bitmap_zero(new_page_tables, I915_PDES);

	/* The allocation is done in two stages so that we can bail out with
	 * minimal amount of pain. The first stage finds new page tables that
	 * need allocation. The second stage marks use ptes within the page
	 * tables.
	 */
	gen6_for_each_pde(pt, &ppgtt->pd, start, length, temp, pde) {
		if (pt != ppgtt->scratch_pt) {
			WARN_ON(bitmap_empty(pt->used_ptes, GEN6_PTES));
			continue;
		}

		/* We've already allocated a page table */
		WARN_ON(!bitmap_empty(pt->used_ptes, GEN6_PTES));

		pt = alloc_pt_single(dev);
		if (IS_ERR(pt)) {
			ret = PTR_ERR(pt);
			goto unwind_out;
		}

		gen6_initialize_pt(vm, pt);

		ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde] = pt;
		set_bit(pde, new_page_tables);
		trace_i915_page_table_entry_alloc(vm, pde, start, GEN6_PDE_SHIFT);
	}

	start = start_save;
	length = length_save;

	gen6_for_each_pde(pt, &ppgtt->pd, start, length, temp, pde) {
		DECLARE_BITMAP(tmp_bitmap, GEN6_PTES);

		bitmap_zero(tmp_bitmap, GEN6_PTES);
		bitmap_set(tmp_bitmap, gen6_pte_index(start),
			   gen6_pte_count(start, length));

		if (test_and_clear_bit(pde, new_page_tables))
			gen6_write_pde(&ppgtt->pd, pde, pt);

		trace_i915_page_table_entry_map(vm, pde, pt,
					 gen6_pte_index(start),
					 gen6_pte_count(start, length),
					 GEN6_PTES);
		bitmap_or(pt->used_ptes, tmp_bitmap, pt->used_ptes,
				GEN6_PTES);
	}

	WARN_ON(!bitmap_empty(new_page_tables, I915_PDES));

	/* Make sure write is complete before other code can use this page
	 * table. Also require for WC mapped PTEs */
	readl(dev_priv->gtt.gsm);

	mark_tlbs_dirty(ppgtt);
	return 0;

unwind_out:
	for_each_set_bit(pde, new_page_tables, I915_PDES) {
		struct i915_page_table *pt = ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde];

		ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde] = ppgtt->scratch_pt;
		unmap_and_free_pt(pt, vm->dev);
	}

	mark_tlbs_dirty(ppgtt);
	return ret;
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_free(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	int i;

	for (i = 0; i < ppgtt->num_pd_entries; i++) {
		struct i915_page_table *pt = ppgtt->pd.page_table[i];

		if (pt != ppgtt->scratch_pt)
			unmap_and_free_pt(ppgtt->pd.page_table[i], ppgtt->base.dev);
	}

	unmap_and_free_pt(ppgtt->scratch_pt, ppgtt->base.dev);
	unmap_and_free_pd(&ppgtt->pd);
}

static void gen6_ppgtt_cleanup(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
		container_of(vm, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, base);

	drm_mm_remove_node(&ppgtt->node);

	gen6_ppgtt_free(ppgtt);
}

static int gen6_ppgtt_allocate_page_directories(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	struct drm_device *dev = ppgtt->base.dev;
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	bool retried = false;
	int ret;

	/* PPGTT PDEs reside in the GGTT and consists of 512 entries. The
	 * allocator works in address space sizes, so it's multiplied by page
	 * size. We allocate at the top of the GTT to avoid fragmentation.
	 */
	BUG_ON(!drm_mm_initialized(&dev_priv->gtt.base.mm));
	ppgtt->scratch_pt = alloc_pt_single(ppgtt->base.dev);
	if (IS_ERR(ppgtt->scratch_pt))
		return PTR_ERR(ppgtt->scratch_pt);

	gen6_initialize_pt(&ppgtt->base, ppgtt->scratch_pt);

alloc:
	ret = drm_mm_insert_node_in_range_generic(&dev_priv->gtt.base.mm,
						  &ppgtt->node, GEN6_PD_SIZE,
						  GEN6_PD_ALIGN, 0,
						  0, dev_priv->gtt.base.total,
						  DRM_MM_TOPDOWN);
	if (ret == -ENOSPC && !retried) {
		ret = i915_gem_evict_something(dev, &dev_priv->gtt.base,
					       GEN6_PD_SIZE, GEN6_PD_ALIGN,
					       I915_CACHE_NONE,
					       0, dev_priv->gtt.base.total,
					       0);
		if (ret)
			goto err_out;

		retried = true;
		goto alloc;
	}

	if (ret)
		goto err_out;


	if (ppgtt->node.start < dev_priv->gtt.mappable_end)
		DRM_DEBUG("Forced to use aperture for PDEs\n");

	ppgtt->num_pd_entries = I915_PDES;
	return 0;

err_out:
	unmap_and_free_pt(ppgtt->scratch_pt, ppgtt->base.dev);
	return ret;
}

static int gen6_ppgtt_alloc(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	return gen6_ppgtt_allocate_page_directories(ppgtt);
}

static void gen6_scratch_va_range(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
				  uint64_t start, uint64_t length)
{
	struct i915_page_table *unused;
	uint32_t pde, temp;

	gen6_for_each_pde(unused, &ppgtt->pd, start, length, temp, pde)
		ppgtt->pd.page_table[pde] = ppgtt->scratch_pt;
}

static int gen6_ppgtt_init(struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt, bool aliasing)
{
	struct drm_device *dev = ppgtt->base.dev;
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	int ret;

	ppgtt->base.pte_encode = dev_priv->gtt.base.pte_encode;
	if (IS_GEN6(dev)) {
		ppgtt->switch_mm = gen6_mm_switch;
	} else if (IS_HASWELL(dev)) {
		ppgtt->switch_mm = hsw_mm_switch;
	} else if (IS_GEN7(dev)) {
		ppgtt->switch_mm = gen7_mm_switch;
	} else
		BUG();

	if (intel_vgpu_active(dev))
		ppgtt->switch_mm = vgpu_mm_switch;

	ret = gen6_ppgtt_alloc(ppgtt);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	if (aliasing) {
		/* preallocate all pts */
		ret = alloc_pt_range(&ppgtt->pd, 0, ppgtt->num_pd_entries,
				ppgtt->base.dev);

		if (ret) {
			gen6_ppgtt_cleanup(&ppgtt->base);
			return ret;
		}
	}

	ppgtt->base.allocate_va_range = gen6_alloc_va_range;
	ppgtt->base.clear_range = gen6_ppgtt_clear_range;
	ppgtt->base.insert_entries = gen6_ppgtt_insert_entries;
	ppgtt->base.cleanup = gen6_ppgtt_cleanup;
	ppgtt->base.start = 0;
	ppgtt->base.total = ppgtt->num_pd_entries * GEN6_PTES * PAGE_SIZE;
	ppgtt->debug_dump = gen6_dump_ppgtt;

	ppgtt->pd.pd_offset =
		ppgtt->node.start / PAGE_SIZE * sizeof(gen6_pte_t);

	ppgtt->pd_addr = (gen6_pte_t __iomem *)dev_priv->gtt.gsm +
		ppgtt->pd.pd_offset / sizeof(gen6_pte_t);

	if (aliasing)
		ppgtt->base.clear_range(&ppgtt->base, 0, ppgtt->base.total, true);
	else
		gen6_scratch_va_range(ppgtt, 0, ppgtt->base.total);

	gen6_write_page_range(dev_priv, &ppgtt->pd, 0, ppgtt->base.total);

	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Allocated pde space (%lldM) at GTT entry: %llx\n",
			 ppgtt->node.size >> 20,
			 ppgtt->node.start / PAGE_SIZE);

	DRM_DEBUG("Adding PPGTT at offset %x\n",
		  ppgtt->pd.pd_offset << 10);

	return 0;
}

static int __hw_ppgtt_init(struct drm_device *dev, struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt,
		bool aliasing)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;

	ppgtt->base.dev = dev;
	ppgtt->base.scratch = dev_priv->gtt.base.scratch;

	if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen < 8)
		return gen6_ppgtt_init(ppgtt, aliasing);
	else
		return gen8_ppgtt_init(ppgtt, dev_priv->gtt.base.total);
}
int i915_ppgtt_init(struct drm_device *dev, struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	int ret = 0;

	ret = __hw_ppgtt_init(dev, ppgtt, false);
	if (ret == 0) {
		kref_init(&ppgtt->ref);
		drm_mm_init(&ppgtt->base.mm, ppgtt->base.start,
			    ppgtt->base.total);
		i915_init_vm(dev_priv, &ppgtt->base);
	}

	return ret;
}

int i915_ppgtt_init_hw(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct intel_engine_cs *ring;
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt;
	int i, ret = 0;

	/* In the case of execlists, PPGTT is enabled by the context descriptor
	 * and the PDPs are contained within the context itself.  We don't
	 * need to do anything here. */
	if (i915.enable_execlists)
		return 0;

	if (!USES_PPGTT(dev))
		return 0;

	if (IS_GEN6(dev))
		gen6_ppgtt_enable(dev);
	else if (IS_GEN7(dev))
		gen7_ppgtt_enable(dev);
	else if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen >= 8)
		gen8_ppgtt_enable(dev);
	else
		MISSING_CASE(INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen);

	if (ppgtt) {
		for_each_ring(ring, dev_priv, i) {
			ret = ppgtt->switch_mm(ppgtt, ring);
			if (ret != 0)
				return ret;
		}
	}

	return ret;
}
struct i915_hw_ppgtt *
i915_ppgtt_create(struct drm_device *dev, struct drm_i915_file_private *fpriv)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;
	int ret;

	ppgtt = kzalloc(sizeof(*ppgtt), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!ppgtt)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	ret = i915_ppgtt_init(dev, ppgtt);
	if (ret) {
		kfree(ppgtt);
		return ERR_PTR(ret);
	}

	ppgtt->file_priv = fpriv;

	trace_i915_ppgtt_create(&ppgtt->base);

	return ppgtt;
}

void  i915_ppgtt_release(struct kref *kref)
{
	struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
		container_of(kref, struct i915_hw_ppgtt, ref);

	trace_i915_ppgtt_release(&ppgtt->base);

	/* vmas should already be unbound */
	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&ppgtt->base.active_list));
	WARN_ON(!list_empty(&ppgtt->base.inactive_list));

	list_del(&ppgtt->base.global_link);
	drm_mm_takedown(&ppgtt->base.mm);

	ppgtt->base.cleanup(&ppgtt->base);
	kfree(ppgtt);
}

static void
ppgtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
	       enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
	       u32 flags)
{
	/* Currently applicable only to VLV */
	if (vma->obj->gt_ro)
		flags |= PTE_READ_ONLY;

	vma->vm->insert_entries(vma->vm, vma->obj->pages, vma->node.start,
				cache_level, flags);
}

static void ppgtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	vma->vm->clear_range(vma->vm,
			     vma->node.start,
			     vma->obj->base.size,
			     true);
}

extern int intel_iommu_gfx_mapped;
/* Certain Gen5 chipsets require require idling the GPU before
 * unmapping anything from the GTT when VT-d is enabled.
 */
static inline bool needs_idle_maps(struct drm_device *dev)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU
	/* Query intel_iommu to see if we need the workaround. Presumably that
	 * was loaded first.
	 */
	if (IS_GEN5(dev) && IS_MOBILE(dev) && intel_iommu_gfx_mapped)
		return true;
#endif
	return false;
}

static bool do_idling(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	bool ret = dev_priv->mm.interruptible;

	if (unlikely(dev_priv->gtt.do_idle_maps)) {
		dev_priv->mm.interruptible = false;
		if (i915_gpu_idle(dev_priv->dev)) {
			DRM_ERROR("Couldn't idle GPU\n");
			/* Wait a bit, in hopes it avoids the hang */
			udelay(10);
		}
	}

	return ret;
}

static void undo_idling(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv, bool interruptible)
{
	if (unlikely(dev_priv->gtt.do_idle_maps))
		dev_priv->mm.interruptible = interruptible;
}

void i915_check_and_clear_faults(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct intel_engine_cs *ring;
	int i;

	if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen < 6)
		return;

	for_each_ring(ring, dev_priv, i) {
		u32 fault_reg;
		fault_reg = I915_READ(RING_FAULT_REG(ring));
		if (fault_reg & RING_FAULT_VALID) {
			DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("Unexpected fault\n"
					 "\tAddr: 0x%08lx\n"
					 "\tAddress space: %s\n"
					 "\tSource ID: %d\n"
					 "\tType: %d\n",
					 fault_reg & PAGE_MASK,
					 fault_reg & RING_FAULT_GTTSEL_MASK ? "GGTT" : "PPGTT",
					 RING_FAULT_SRCID(fault_reg),
					 RING_FAULT_FAULT_TYPE(fault_reg));
			I915_WRITE(RING_FAULT_REG(ring),
				   fault_reg & ~RING_FAULT_VALID);
		}
	}
	POSTING_READ(RING_FAULT_REG(&dev_priv->ring[RCS]));
}

static void i915_ggtt_flush(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	if (INTEL_INFO(dev_priv->dev)->gen < 6) {
		intel_gtt_chipset_flush();
	} else {
		I915_WRITE(GFX_FLSH_CNTL_GEN6, GFX_FLSH_CNTL_EN);
		POSTING_READ(GFX_FLSH_CNTL_GEN6);
	}
}

void i915_gem_suspend_gtt_mappings(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;

	/* Don't bother messing with faults pre GEN6 as we have little
	 * documentation supporting that it's a good idea.
	 */
	if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen < 6)
		return;

	i915_check_and_clear_faults(dev);

	dev_priv->gtt.base.clear_range(&dev_priv->gtt.base,
				       dev_priv->gtt.base.start,
				       dev_priv->gtt.base.total,
				       true);

	i915_ggtt_flush(dev_priv);
}

void i915_gem_restore_gtt_mappings(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj;
	struct i915_address_space *vm;

	i915_check_and_clear_faults(dev);

	/* First fill our portion of the GTT with scratch pages */
	dev_priv->gtt.base.clear_range(&dev_priv->gtt.base,
				       dev_priv->gtt.base.start,
				       dev_priv->gtt.base.total,
				       true);

	list_for_each_entry(obj, &dev_priv->mm.bound_list, global_list) {
		struct i915_vma *vma = i915_gem_obj_to_vma(obj,
							   &dev_priv->gtt.base);
		if (!vma)
			continue;

		i915_gem_clflush_object(obj, obj->pin_display);
		/* The bind_vma code tries to be smart about tracking mappings.
		 * Unfortunately above, we've just wiped out the mappings
		 * without telling our object about it. So we need to fake it.
		 *
		 * Bind is not expected to fail since this is only called on
		 * resume and assumption is all requirements exist already.
		 */
		vma->bound &= ~GLOBAL_BIND;
		WARN_ON(i915_vma_bind(vma, obj->cache_level, GLOBAL_BIND));
	}


	if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen >= 8) {
		if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev))
			chv_setup_private_ppat(dev_priv);
		else
			bdw_setup_private_ppat(dev_priv);

		return;
	}

	if (USES_PPGTT(dev)) {
		list_for_each_entry(vm, &dev_priv->vm_list, global_link) {
			/* TODO: Perhaps it shouldn't be gen6 specific */

			struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt =
					container_of(vm, struct i915_hw_ppgtt,
						     base);

			if (i915_is_ggtt(vm))
				ppgtt = dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt;

			gen6_write_page_range(dev_priv, &ppgtt->pd,
					      0, ppgtt->base.total);
		}
	}

	i915_ggtt_flush(dev_priv);
}

int i915_gem_gtt_prepare_object(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	if (obj->has_dma_mapping)
		return 0;

	if (!dma_map_sg(&obj->base.dev->pdev->dev,
			obj->pages->sgl, obj->pages->nents,
			PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL))
		return -ENOSPC;

	return 0;
}

static inline void gen8_set_pte(void __iomem *addr, gen8_pte_t pte)
{
#ifdef writeq
	writeq(pte, addr);
#else
	iowrite32((u32)pte, addr);
	iowrite32(pte >> 32, addr + 4);
#endif
}

static void gen8_ggtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				     struct sg_table *st,
				     uint64_t start,
				     enum i915_cache_level level, u32 unused)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->dev->dev_private;
	unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	gen8_pte_t __iomem *gtt_entries =
		(gen8_pte_t __iomem *)dev_priv->gtt.gsm + first_entry;
	int i = 0;
	struct sg_page_iter sg_iter;
	dma_addr_t addr = 0; /* shut up gcc */

	for_each_sg_page(st->sgl, &sg_iter, st->nents, 0) {
		addr = sg_dma_address(sg_iter.sg) +
			(sg_iter.sg_pgoffset << PAGE_SHIFT);
		gen8_set_pte(&gtt_entries[i],
			     gen8_pte_encode(addr, level, true));
		i++;
	}

	/*
	 * XXX: This serves as a posting read to make sure that the PTE has
	 * actually been updated. There is some concern that even though
	 * registers and PTEs are within the same BAR that they are potentially
	 * of NUMA access patterns. Therefore, even with the way we assume
	 * hardware should work, we must keep this posting read for paranoia.
	 */
	if (i != 0)
		WARN_ON(readq(&gtt_entries[i-1])
			!= gen8_pte_encode(addr, level, true));

	/* This next bit makes the above posting read even more important. We
	 * want to flush the TLBs only after we're certain all the PTE updates
	 * have finished.
	 */
	I915_WRITE(GFX_FLSH_CNTL_GEN6, GFX_FLSH_CNTL_EN);
	POSTING_READ(GFX_FLSH_CNTL_GEN6);
}

/*
 * Binds an object into the global gtt with the specified cache level. The object
 * will be accessible to the GPU via commands whose operands reference offsets
 * within the global GTT as well as accessible by the GPU through the GMADR
 * mapped BAR (dev_priv->mm.gtt->gtt).
 */
static void gen6_ggtt_insert_entries(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				     struct sg_table *st,
				     uint64_t start,
				     enum i915_cache_level level, u32 flags)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->dev->dev_private;
	unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	gen6_pte_t __iomem *gtt_entries =
		(gen6_pte_t __iomem *)dev_priv->gtt.gsm + first_entry;
	int i = 0;
	struct sg_page_iter sg_iter;
	dma_addr_t addr = 0;

	for_each_sg_page(st->sgl, &sg_iter, st->nents, 0) {
		addr = sg_page_iter_dma_address(&sg_iter);
		iowrite32(vm->pte_encode(addr, level, true, flags), &gtt_entries[i]);
		i++;
	}

	/* XXX: This serves as a posting read to make sure that the PTE has
	 * actually been updated. There is some concern that even though
	 * registers and PTEs are within the same BAR that they are potentially
	 * of NUMA access patterns. Therefore, even with the way we assume
	 * hardware should work, we must keep this posting read for paranoia.
	 */
	if (i != 0) {
		unsigned long gtt = readl(&gtt_entries[i-1]);
		WARN_ON(gtt != vm->pte_encode(addr, level, true, flags));
	}

	/* This next bit makes the above posting read even more important. We
	 * want to flush the TLBs only after we're certain all the PTE updates
	 * have finished.
	 */
	I915_WRITE(GFX_FLSH_CNTL_GEN6, GFX_FLSH_CNTL_EN);
	POSTING_READ(GFX_FLSH_CNTL_GEN6);
}

static void gen8_ggtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  uint64_t start,
				  uint64_t length,
				  bool use_scratch)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->dev->dev_private;
	unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	gen8_pte_t scratch_pte, __iomem *gtt_base =
		(gen8_pte_t __iomem *) dev_priv->gtt.gsm + first_entry;
	const int max_entries = gtt_total_entries(dev_priv->gtt) - first_entry;
	int i;

	if (WARN(num_entries > max_entries,
		 "First entry = %d; Num entries = %d (max=%d)\n",
		 first_entry, num_entries, max_entries))
		num_entries = max_entries;

	scratch_pte = gen8_pte_encode(vm->scratch.addr,
				      I915_CACHE_LLC,
				      use_scratch);
	for (i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
		gen8_set_pte(&gtt_base[i], scratch_pte);
	readl(gtt_base);
}

static void gen6_ggtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  uint64_t start,
				  uint64_t length,
				  bool use_scratch)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = vm->dev->dev_private;
	unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	gen6_pte_t scratch_pte, __iomem *gtt_base =
		(gen6_pte_t __iomem *) dev_priv->gtt.gsm + first_entry;
	const int max_entries = gtt_total_entries(dev_priv->gtt) - first_entry;
	int i;

	if (WARN(num_entries > max_entries,
		 "First entry = %d; Num entries = %d (max=%d)\n",
		 first_entry, num_entries, max_entries))
		num_entries = max_entries;

	scratch_pte = vm->pte_encode(vm->scratch.addr, I915_CACHE_LLC, use_scratch, 0);

	for (i = 0; i < num_entries; i++)
		iowrite32(scratch_pte, &gtt_base[i]);
	readl(gtt_base);
}


static void i915_ggtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
			       enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
			       u32 unused)
{
	const unsigned long entry = vma->node.start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned int flags = (cache_level == I915_CACHE_NONE) ?
		AGP_USER_MEMORY : AGP_USER_CACHED_MEMORY;

	BUG_ON(!i915_is_ggtt(vma->vm));
	intel_gtt_insert_sg_entries(vma->ggtt_view.pages, entry, flags);
	vma->bound = GLOBAL_BIND;
}

static void i915_ggtt_clear_range(struct i915_address_space *vm,
				  uint64_t start,
				  uint64_t length,
				  bool unused)
{
	unsigned first_entry = start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	unsigned num_entries = length >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	intel_gtt_clear_range(first_entry, num_entries);
}

static void i915_ggtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	const unsigned int first = vma->node.start >> PAGE_SHIFT;
	const unsigned int size = vma->obj->base.size >> PAGE_SHIFT;

	BUG_ON(!i915_is_ggtt(vma->vm));
	vma->bound = 0;
	intel_gtt_clear_range(first, size);
}

static void ggtt_bind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma,
			  enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
			  u32 flags)
{
	struct drm_device *dev = vma->vm->dev;
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = vma->obj;
	struct sg_table *pages = obj->pages;

	/* Currently applicable only to VLV */
	if (obj->gt_ro)
		flags |= PTE_READ_ONLY;

	if (i915_is_ggtt(vma->vm))
		pages = vma->ggtt_view.pages;

	/* If there is no aliasing PPGTT, or the caller needs a global mapping,
	 * or we have a global mapping already but the cacheability flags have
	 * changed, set the global PTEs.
	 *
	 * If there is an aliasing PPGTT it is anecdotally faster, so use that
	 * instead if none of the above hold true.
	 *
	 * NB: A global mapping should only be needed for special regions like
	 * "gtt mappable", SNB errata, or if specified via special execbuf
	 * flags. At all other times, the GPU will use the aliasing PPGTT.
	 */
	if (!dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt || flags & GLOBAL_BIND) {
		if (!(vma->bound & GLOBAL_BIND) ||
		    (cache_level != obj->cache_level)) {
			vma->vm->insert_entries(vma->vm, pages,
						vma->node.start,
						cache_level, flags);
			vma->bound |= GLOBAL_BIND;
		}
	}

	if (dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt &&
	    (!(vma->bound & LOCAL_BIND) ||
	     (cache_level != obj->cache_level))) {
		struct i915_hw_ppgtt *appgtt = dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt;
		appgtt->base.insert_entries(&appgtt->base, pages,
					    vma->node.start,
					    cache_level, flags);
		vma->bound |= LOCAL_BIND;
	}
}

static void ggtt_unbind_vma(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	struct drm_device *dev = vma->vm->dev;
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj = vma->obj;

	if (vma->bound & GLOBAL_BIND) {
		vma->vm->clear_range(vma->vm,
				     vma->node.start,
				     obj->base.size,
				     true);
		vma->bound &= ~GLOBAL_BIND;
	}

	if (vma->bound & LOCAL_BIND) {
		struct i915_hw_ppgtt *appgtt = dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt;
		appgtt->base.clear_range(&appgtt->base,
					 vma->node.start,
					 obj->base.size,
					 true);
		vma->bound &= ~LOCAL_BIND;
	}
}

void i915_gem_gtt_finish_object(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	struct drm_device *dev = obj->base.dev;
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	bool interruptible;

	interruptible = do_idling(dev_priv);

	if (!obj->has_dma_mapping)
		dma_unmap_sg(&dev->pdev->dev,
			     obj->pages->sgl, obj->pages->nents,
			     PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);

	undo_idling(dev_priv, interruptible);
}

static void i915_gtt_color_adjust(struct drm_mm_node *node,
				  unsigned long color,
				  u64 *start,
				  u64 *end)
{
	if (node->color != color)
		*start += 4096;

	if (!list_empty(&node->node_list)) {
		node = list_entry(node->node_list.next,
				  struct drm_mm_node,
				  node_list);
		if (node->allocated && node->color != color)
			*end -= 4096;
	}
}

static int i915_gem_setup_global_gtt(struct drm_device *dev,
				     unsigned long start,
				     unsigned long mappable_end,
				     unsigned long end)
{
	/* Let GEM Manage all of the aperture.
	 *
	 * However, leave one page at the end still bound to the scratch page.
	 * There are a number of places where the hardware apparently prefetches
	 * past the end of the object, and we've seen multiple hangs with the
	 * GPU head pointer stuck in a batchbuffer bound at the last page of the
	 * aperture.  One page should be enough to keep any prefetching inside
	 * of the aperture.
	 */
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct i915_address_space *ggtt_vm = &dev_priv->gtt.base;
	struct drm_mm_node *entry;
	struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj;
	unsigned long hole_start, hole_end;
	int ret;

	BUG_ON(mappable_end > end);

	/* Subtract the guard page ... */
	drm_mm_init(&ggtt_vm->mm, start, end - start - PAGE_SIZE);

	dev_priv->gtt.base.start = start;
	dev_priv->gtt.base.total = end - start;

	if (intel_vgpu_active(dev)) {
		ret = intel_vgt_balloon(dev);
		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	if (!HAS_LLC(dev))
		dev_priv->gtt.base.mm.color_adjust = i915_gtt_color_adjust;

	/* Mark any preallocated objects as occupied */
	list_for_each_entry(obj, &dev_priv->mm.bound_list, global_list) {
		struct i915_vma *vma = i915_gem_obj_to_vma(obj, ggtt_vm);

		DRM_DEBUG_KMS("reserving preallocated space: %lx + %zx\n",
			      i915_gem_obj_ggtt_offset(obj), obj->base.size);

		WARN_ON(i915_gem_obj_ggtt_bound(obj));
		ret = drm_mm_reserve_node(&ggtt_vm->mm, &vma->node);
		if (ret) {
			DRM_DEBUG_KMS("Reservation failed: %i\n", ret);
			return ret;
		}
		vma->bound |= GLOBAL_BIND;
	}

	/* Clear any non-preallocated blocks */
	drm_mm_for_each_hole(entry, &ggtt_vm->mm, hole_start, hole_end) {
		DRM_DEBUG_KMS("clearing unused GTT space: [%lx, %lx]\n",
			      hole_start, hole_end);
		ggtt_vm->clear_range(ggtt_vm, hole_start,
				     hole_end - hole_start, true);
	}

	/* And finally clear the reserved guard page */
	ggtt_vm->clear_range(ggtt_vm, end - PAGE_SIZE, PAGE_SIZE, true);

	if (USES_PPGTT(dev) && !USES_FULL_PPGTT(dev)) {
		struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt;

		ppgtt = kzalloc(sizeof(*ppgtt), GFP_KERNEL);
		if (!ppgtt)
			return -ENOMEM;

		ret = __hw_ppgtt_init(dev, ppgtt, true);
		if (ret) {
			kfree(ppgtt);
			return ret;
		}

		dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt = ppgtt;
	}

	return 0;
}

void i915_gem_init_global_gtt(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	unsigned long gtt_size, mappable_size;

	gtt_size = dev_priv->gtt.base.total;
	mappable_size = dev_priv->gtt.mappable_end;

	i915_gem_setup_global_gtt(dev, 0, mappable_size, gtt_size);
}

void i915_global_gtt_cleanup(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct i915_address_space *vm = &dev_priv->gtt.base;

	if (dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt) {
		struct i915_hw_ppgtt *ppgtt = dev_priv->mm.aliasing_ppgtt;

		ppgtt->base.cleanup(&ppgtt->base);
	}

	if (drm_mm_initialized(&vm->mm)) {
		if (intel_vgpu_active(dev))
			intel_vgt_deballoon();

		drm_mm_takedown(&vm->mm);
		list_del(&vm->global_link);
	}

	vm->cleanup(vm);
}

static int setup_scratch_page(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct page *page;
	dma_addr_t dma_addr;

	page = alloc_page(GFP_KERNEL | GFP_DMA32 | __GFP_ZERO);
	if (page == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	set_pages_uc(page, 1);

#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU
	dma_addr = pci_map_page(dev->pdev, page, 0, PAGE_SIZE,
				PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
	if (pci_dma_mapping_error(dev->pdev, dma_addr))
		return -EINVAL;
#else
	dma_addr = page_to_phys(page);
#endif
	dev_priv->gtt.base.scratch.page = page;
	dev_priv->gtt.base.scratch.addr = dma_addr;

	return 0;
}

static void teardown_scratch_page(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct page *page = dev_priv->gtt.base.scratch.page;

	set_pages_wb(page, 1);
	pci_unmap_page(dev->pdev, dev_priv->gtt.base.scratch.addr,
		       PAGE_SIZE, PCI_DMA_BIDIRECTIONAL);
	__free_page(page);
}

static inline unsigned int gen6_get_total_gtt_size(u16 snb_gmch_ctl)
{
	snb_gmch_ctl >>= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_SHIFT;
	snb_gmch_ctl &= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_MASK;
	return snb_gmch_ctl << 20;
}

static inline unsigned int gen8_get_total_gtt_size(u16 bdw_gmch_ctl)
{
	bdw_gmch_ctl >>= BDW_GMCH_GGMS_SHIFT;
	bdw_gmch_ctl &= BDW_GMCH_GGMS_MASK;
	if (bdw_gmch_ctl)
		bdw_gmch_ctl = 1 << bdw_gmch_ctl;

#ifdef CONFIG_X86_32
	/* Limit 32b platforms to a 2GB GGTT: 4 << 20 / pte size * PAGE_SIZE */
	if (bdw_gmch_ctl > 4)
		bdw_gmch_ctl = 4;
#endif

	return bdw_gmch_ctl << 20;
}

static inline unsigned int chv_get_total_gtt_size(u16 gmch_ctrl)
{
	gmch_ctrl >>= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_SHIFT;
	gmch_ctrl &= SNB_GMCH_GGMS_MASK;

	if (gmch_ctrl)
		return 1 << (20 + gmch_ctrl);

	return 0;
}

static inline size_t gen6_get_stolen_size(u16 snb_gmch_ctl)
{
	snb_gmch_ctl >>= SNB_GMCH_GMS_SHIFT;
	snb_gmch_ctl &= SNB_GMCH_GMS_MASK;
	return snb_gmch_ctl << 25; /* 32 MB units */
}

static inline size_t gen8_get_stolen_size(u16 bdw_gmch_ctl)
{
	bdw_gmch_ctl >>= BDW_GMCH_GMS_SHIFT;
	bdw_gmch_ctl &= BDW_GMCH_GMS_MASK;
	return bdw_gmch_ctl << 25; /* 32 MB units */
}

static size_t chv_get_stolen_size(u16 gmch_ctrl)
{
	gmch_ctrl >>= SNB_GMCH_GMS_SHIFT;
	gmch_ctrl &= SNB_GMCH_GMS_MASK;

	/*
	 * 0x0  to 0x10: 32MB increments starting at 0MB
	 * 0x11 to 0x16: 4MB increments starting at 8MB
	 * 0x17 to 0x1d: 4MB increments start at 36MB
	 */
	if (gmch_ctrl < 0x11)
		return gmch_ctrl << 25;
	else if (gmch_ctrl < 0x17)
		return (gmch_ctrl - 0x11 + 2) << 22;
	else
		return (gmch_ctrl - 0x17 + 9) << 22;
}

static size_t gen9_get_stolen_size(u16 gen9_gmch_ctl)
{
	gen9_gmch_ctl >>= BDW_GMCH_GMS_SHIFT;
	gen9_gmch_ctl &= BDW_GMCH_GMS_MASK;

	if (gen9_gmch_ctl < 0xf0)
		return gen9_gmch_ctl << 25; /* 32 MB units */
	else
		/* 4MB increments starting at 0xf0 for 4MB */
		return (gen9_gmch_ctl - 0xf0 + 1) << 22;
}

static int ggtt_probe_common(struct drm_device *dev,
			     size_t gtt_size)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	phys_addr_t gtt_phys_addr;
	int ret;

	/* For Modern GENs the PTEs and register space are split in the BAR */
	gtt_phys_addr = pci_resource_start(dev->pdev, 0) +
		(pci_resource_len(dev->pdev, 0) / 2);

	dev_priv->gtt.gsm = ioremap_wc(gtt_phys_addr, gtt_size);
	if (!dev_priv->gtt.gsm) {
		DRM_ERROR("Failed to map the gtt page table\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	ret = setup_scratch_page(dev);
	if (ret) {
		DRM_ERROR("Scratch setup failed\n");
		/* iounmap will also get called at remove, but meh */
		iounmap(dev_priv->gtt.gsm);
	}

	return ret;
}

/* The GGTT and PPGTT need a private PPAT setup in order to handle cacheability
 * bits. When using advanced contexts each context stores its own PAT, but
 * writing this data shouldn't be harmful even in those cases. */
static void bdw_setup_private_ppat(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	uint64_t pat;

	pat = GEN8_PPAT(0, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLC)     | /* for normal objects, no eLLC */
	      GEN8_PPAT(1, GEN8_PPAT_WC | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC) | /* for something pointing to ptes? */
	      GEN8_PPAT(2, GEN8_PPAT_WT | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC) | /* for scanout with eLLC */
	      GEN8_PPAT(3, GEN8_PPAT_UC)                     | /* Uncached objects, mostly for scanout */
	      GEN8_PPAT(4, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(0)) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(5, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(1)) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(6, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(2)) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(7, GEN8_PPAT_WB | GEN8_PPAT_LLCELLC | GEN8_PPAT_AGE(3));

	if (!USES_PPGTT(dev_priv->dev))
		/* Spec: "For GGTT, there is NO pat_sel[2:0] from the entry,
		 * so RTL will always use the value corresponding to
		 * pat_sel = 000".
		 * So let's disable cache for GGTT to avoid screen corruptions.
		 * MOCS still can be used though.
		 * - System agent ggtt writes (i.e. cpu gtt mmaps) already work
		 * before this patch, i.e. the same uncached + snooping access
		 * like on gen6/7 seems to be in effect.
		 * - So this just fixes blitter/render access. Again it looks
		 * like it's not just uncached access, but uncached + snooping.
		 * So we can still hold onto all our assumptions wrt cpu
		 * clflushing on LLC machines.
		 */
		pat = GEN8_PPAT(0, GEN8_PPAT_UC);

	/* XXX: spec defines this as 2 distinct registers. It's unclear if a 64b
	 * write would work. */
	I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT, pat);
	I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT + 4, pat >> 32);
}

static void chv_setup_private_ppat(struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv)
{
	uint64_t pat;

	/*
	 * Map WB on BDW to snooped on CHV.
	 *
	 * Only the snoop bit has meaning for CHV, the rest is
	 * ignored.
	 *
	 * The hardware will never snoop for certain types of accesses:
	 * - CPU GTT (GMADR->GGTT->no snoop->memory)
	 * - PPGTT page tables
	 * - some other special cycles
	 *
	 * As with BDW, we also need to consider the following for GT accesses:
	 * "For GGTT, there is NO pat_sel[2:0] from the entry,
	 * so RTL will always use the value corresponding to
	 * pat_sel = 000".
	 * Which means we must set the snoop bit in PAT entry 0
	 * in order to keep the global status page working.
	 */
	pat = GEN8_PPAT(0, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(1, 0) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(2, 0) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(3, 0) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(4, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(5, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(6, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP) |
	      GEN8_PPAT(7, CHV_PPAT_SNOOP);

	I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT, pat);
	I915_WRITE(GEN8_PRIVATE_PAT + 4, pat >> 32);
}

static int gen8_gmch_probe(struct drm_device *dev,
			   size_t *gtt_total,
			   size_t *stolen,
			   phys_addr_t *mappable_base,
			   unsigned long *mappable_end)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	unsigned int gtt_size;
	u16 snb_gmch_ctl;
	int ret;

	/* TODO: We're not aware of mappable constraints on gen8 yet */
	*mappable_base = pci_resource_start(dev->pdev, 2);
	*mappable_end = pci_resource_len(dev->pdev, 2);

	if (!pci_set_dma_mask(dev->pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(39)))
		pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(dev->pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(39));

	pci_read_config_word(dev->pdev, SNB_GMCH_CTRL, &snb_gmch_ctl);

	if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen >= 9) {
		*stolen = gen9_get_stolen_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
		gtt_size = gen8_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
	} else if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev)) {
		*stolen = chv_get_stolen_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
		gtt_size = chv_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
	} else {
		*stolen = gen8_get_stolen_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
		gtt_size = gen8_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
	}

	*gtt_total = (gtt_size / sizeof(gen8_pte_t)) << PAGE_SHIFT;

	if (IS_CHERRYVIEW(dev))
		chv_setup_private_ppat(dev_priv);
	else
		bdw_setup_private_ppat(dev_priv);

	ret = ggtt_probe_common(dev, gtt_size);

	dev_priv->gtt.base.clear_range = gen8_ggtt_clear_range;
	dev_priv->gtt.base.insert_entries = gen8_ggtt_insert_entries;

	return ret;
}

static int gen6_gmch_probe(struct drm_device *dev,
			   size_t *gtt_total,
			   size_t *stolen,
			   phys_addr_t *mappable_base,
			   unsigned long *mappable_end)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	unsigned int gtt_size;
	u16 snb_gmch_ctl;
	int ret;

	*mappable_base = pci_resource_start(dev->pdev, 2);
	*mappable_end = pci_resource_len(dev->pdev, 2);

	/* 64/512MB is the current min/max we actually know of, but this is just
	 * a coarse sanity check.
	 */
	if ((*mappable_end < (64<<20) || (*mappable_end > (512<<20)))) {
		DRM_ERROR("Unknown GMADR size (%lx)\n",
			  dev_priv->gtt.mappable_end);
		return -ENXIO;
	}

	if (!pci_set_dma_mask(dev->pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(40)))
		pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(dev->pdev, DMA_BIT_MASK(40));
	pci_read_config_word(dev->pdev, SNB_GMCH_CTRL, &snb_gmch_ctl);

	*stolen = gen6_get_stolen_size(snb_gmch_ctl);

	gtt_size = gen6_get_total_gtt_size(snb_gmch_ctl);
	*gtt_total = (gtt_size / sizeof(gen6_pte_t)) << PAGE_SHIFT;

	ret = ggtt_probe_common(dev, gtt_size);

	dev_priv->gtt.base.clear_range = gen6_ggtt_clear_range;
	dev_priv->gtt.base.insert_entries = gen6_ggtt_insert_entries;

	return ret;
}

static void gen6_gmch_remove(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{

	struct i915_gtt *gtt = container_of(vm, struct i915_gtt, base);

	iounmap(gtt->gsm);
	teardown_scratch_page(vm->dev);
}

static int i915_gmch_probe(struct drm_device *dev,
			   size_t *gtt_total,
			   size_t *stolen,
			   phys_addr_t *mappable_base,
			   unsigned long *mappable_end)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	int ret;

	ret = intel_gmch_probe(dev_priv->bridge_dev, dev_priv->dev->pdev, NULL);
	if (!ret) {
		DRM_ERROR("failed to set up gmch\n");
		return -EIO;
	}

	intel_gtt_get(gtt_total, stolen, mappable_base, mappable_end);

	dev_priv->gtt.do_idle_maps = needs_idle_maps(dev_priv->dev);
	dev_priv->gtt.base.clear_range = i915_ggtt_clear_range;

	if (unlikely(dev_priv->gtt.do_idle_maps))
		DRM_INFO("applying Ironlake quirks for intel_iommu\n");

	return 0;
}

static void i915_gmch_remove(struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	intel_gmch_remove();
}

int i915_gem_gtt_init(struct drm_device *dev)
{
	struct drm_i915_private *dev_priv = dev->dev_private;
	struct i915_gtt *gtt = &dev_priv->gtt;
	int ret;

	if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen <= 5) {
		gtt->gtt_probe = i915_gmch_probe;
		gtt->base.cleanup = i915_gmch_remove;
	} else if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen < 8) {
		gtt->gtt_probe = gen6_gmch_probe;
		gtt->base.cleanup = gen6_gmch_remove;
		if (IS_HASWELL(dev) && dev_priv->ellc_size)
			gtt->base.pte_encode = iris_pte_encode;
		else if (IS_HASWELL(dev))
			gtt->base.pte_encode = hsw_pte_encode;
		else if (IS_VALLEYVIEW(dev))
			gtt->base.pte_encode = byt_pte_encode;
		else if (INTEL_INFO(dev)->gen >= 7)
			gtt->base.pte_encode = ivb_pte_encode;
		else
			gtt->base.pte_encode = snb_pte_encode;
	} else {
		dev_priv->gtt.gtt_probe = gen8_gmch_probe;
		dev_priv->gtt.base.cleanup = gen6_gmch_remove;
	}

	ret = gtt->gtt_probe(dev, &gtt->base.total, &gtt->stolen_size,
			     &gtt->mappable_base, &gtt->mappable_end);
	if (ret)
		return ret;

	gtt->base.dev = dev;

	/* GMADR is the PCI mmio aperture into the global GTT. */
	DRM_INFO("Memory usable by graphics device = %zdM\n",
		 gtt->base.total >> 20);
	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("GMADR size = %ldM\n", gtt->mappable_end >> 20);
	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("GTT stolen size = %zdM\n", gtt->stolen_size >> 20);
#ifdef CONFIG_INTEL_IOMMU
	if (intel_iommu_gfx_mapped)
		DRM_INFO("VT-d active for gfx access\n");
#endif
	/*
	 * i915.enable_ppgtt is read-only, so do an early pass to validate the
	 * user's requested state against the hardware/driver capabilities.  We
	 * do this now so that we can print out any log messages once rather
	 * than every time we check intel_enable_ppgtt().
	 */
	i915.enable_ppgtt = sanitize_enable_ppgtt(dev, i915.enable_ppgtt);
	DRM_DEBUG_DRIVER("ppgtt mode: %i\n", i915.enable_ppgtt);

	return 0;
}

static struct i915_vma *
__i915_gem_vma_create(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
		      struct i915_address_space *vm,
		      const struct i915_ggtt_view *ggtt_view)
{
	struct i915_vma *vma;

	if (WARN_ON(i915_is_ggtt(vm) != !!ggtt_view))
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);
	vma = kzalloc(sizeof(*vma), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (vma == NULL)
		return ERR_PTR(-ENOMEM);

	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vma->vma_link);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vma->mm_list);
	INIT_LIST_HEAD(&vma->exec_list);
	vma->vm = vm;
	vma->obj = obj;

	if (INTEL_INFO(vm->dev)->gen >= 6) {
		if (i915_is_ggtt(vm)) {
			vma->ggtt_view = *ggtt_view;

			vma->unbind_vma = ggtt_unbind_vma;
			vma->bind_vma = ggtt_bind_vma;
		} else {
			vma->unbind_vma = ppgtt_unbind_vma;
			vma->bind_vma = ppgtt_bind_vma;
		}
	} else {
		BUG_ON(!i915_is_ggtt(vm));
		vma->ggtt_view = *ggtt_view;
		vma->unbind_vma = i915_ggtt_unbind_vma;
		vma->bind_vma = i915_ggtt_bind_vma;
	}

	list_add_tail(&vma->vma_link, &obj->vma_list);
	if (!i915_is_ggtt(vm))
		i915_ppgtt_get(i915_vm_to_ppgtt(vm));

	return vma;
}

struct i915_vma *
i915_gem_obj_lookup_or_create_vma(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
				  struct i915_address_space *vm)
{
	struct i915_vma *vma;

	vma = i915_gem_obj_to_vma(obj, vm);
	if (!vma)
		vma = __i915_gem_vma_create(obj, vm,
					    i915_is_ggtt(vm) ? &i915_ggtt_view_normal : NULL);

	return vma;
}

struct i915_vma *
i915_gem_obj_lookup_or_create_ggtt_vma(struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj,
				       const struct i915_ggtt_view *view)
{
	struct i915_address_space *ggtt = i915_obj_to_ggtt(obj);
	struct i915_vma *vma;

	if (WARN_ON(!view))
		return ERR_PTR(-EINVAL);

	vma = i915_gem_obj_to_ggtt_view(obj, view);

	if (IS_ERR(vma))
		return vma;

	if (!vma)
		vma = __i915_gem_vma_create(obj, ggtt, view);

	return vma;

}

static void
rotate_pages(dma_addr_t *in, unsigned int width, unsigned int height,
	     struct sg_table *st)
{
	unsigned int column, row;
	unsigned int src_idx;
	struct scatterlist *sg = st->sgl;

	st->nents = 0;

	for (column = 0; column < width; column++) {
		src_idx = width * (height - 1) + column;
		for (row = 0; row < height; row++) {
			st->nents++;
			/* We don't need the pages, but need to initialize
			 * the entries so the sg list can be happily traversed.
			 * The only thing we need are DMA addresses.
			 */
			sg_set_page(sg, NULL, PAGE_SIZE, 0);
			sg_dma_address(sg) = in[src_idx];
			sg_dma_len(sg) = PAGE_SIZE;
			sg = sg_next(sg);
			src_idx -= width;
		}
	}
}

static struct sg_table *
intel_rotate_fb_obj_pages(struct i915_ggtt_view *ggtt_view,
			  struct drm_i915_gem_object *obj)
{
	struct drm_device *dev = obj->base.dev;
	struct intel_rotation_info *rot_info = &ggtt_view->rotation_info;
	unsigned long size, pages, rot_pages;
	struct sg_page_iter sg_iter;
	unsigned long i;
	dma_addr_t *page_addr_list;
	struct sg_table *st;
	unsigned int tile_pitch, tile_height;
	unsigned int width_pages, height_pages;
	int ret = -ENOMEM;

	pages = obj->base.size / PAGE_SIZE;

	/* Calculate tiling geometry. */
	tile_height = intel_tile_height(dev, rot_info->pixel_format,
					rot_info->fb_modifier);
	tile_pitch = PAGE_SIZE / tile_height;
	width_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(rot_info->pitch, tile_pitch);
	height_pages = DIV_ROUND_UP(rot_info->height, tile_height);
	rot_pages = width_pages * height_pages;
	size = rot_pages * PAGE_SIZE;

	/* Allocate a temporary list of source pages for random access. */
	page_addr_list = drm_malloc_ab(pages, sizeof(dma_addr_t));
	if (!page_addr_list)
		return ERR_PTR(ret);

	/* Allocate target SG list. */
	st = kmalloc(sizeof(*st), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!st)
		goto err_st_alloc;

	ret = sg_alloc_table(st, rot_pages, GFP_KERNEL);
	if (ret)
		goto err_sg_alloc;

	/* Populate source page list from the object. */
	i = 0;
	for_each_sg_page(obj->pages->sgl, &sg_iter, obj->pages->nents, 0) {
		page_addr_list[i] = sg_page_iter_dma_address(&sg_iter);
		i++;
	}

	/* Rotate the pages. */
	rotate_pages(page_addr_list, width_pages, height_pages, st);

	DRM_DEBUG_KMS(
		      "Created rotated page mapping for object size %lu (pitch=%u, height=%u, pixel_format=0x%x, %ux%u tiles, %lu pages).\n",
		      size, rot_info->pitch, rot_info->height,
		      rot_info->pixel_format, width_pages, height_pages,
		      rot_pages);

	drm_free_large(page_addr_list);

	return st;

err_sg_alloc:
	kfree(st);
err_st_alloc:
	drm_free_large(page_addr_list);

	DRM_DEBUG_KMS(
		      "Failed to create rotated mapping for object size %lu! (%d) (pitch=%u, height=%u, pixel_format=0x%x, %ux%u tiles, %lu pages)\n",
		      size, ret, rot_info->pitch, rot_info->height,
		      rot_info->pixel_format, width_pages, height_pages,
		      rot_pages);
	return ERR_PTR(ret);
}

static inline int
i915_get_ggtt_vma_pages(struct i915_vma *vma)
{
	int ret = 0;

	if (vma->ggtt_view.pages)
		return 0;

	if (vma->ggtt_view.type == I915_GGTT_VIEW_NORMAL)
		vma->ggtt_view.pages = vma->obj->pages;
	else if (vma->ggtt_view.type == I915_GGTT_VIEW_ROTATED)
		vma->ggtt_view.pages =
			intel_rotate_fb_obj_pages(&vma->ggtt_view, vma->obj);
	else
		WARN_ONCE(1, "GGTT view %u not implemented!\n",
			  vma->ggtt_view.type);

	if (!vma->ggtt_view.pages) {
		DRM_ERROR("Failed to get pages for GGTT view type %u!\n",
			  vma->ggtt_view.type);
		ret = -EINVAL;
	} else if (IS_ERR(vma->ggtt_view.pages)) {
		ret = PTR_ERR(vma->ggtt_view.pages);
		vma->ggtt_view.pages = NULL;
		DRM_ERROR("Failed to get pages for VMA view type %u (%d)!\n",
			  vma->ggtt_view.type, ret);
	}

	return ret;
}

/**
 * i915_vma_bind - Sets up PTEs for an VMA in it's corresponding address space.
 * @vma: VMA to map
 * @cache_level: mapping cache level
 * @flags: flags like global or local mapping
 *
 * DMA addresses are taken from the scatter-gather table of this object (or of
 * this VMA in case of non-default GGTT views) and PTE entries set up.
 * Note that DMA addresses are also the only part of the SG table we care about.
 */
int i915_vma_bind(struct i915_vma *vma, enum i915_cache_level cache_level,
		  u32 flags)
{
	if (i915_is_ggtt(vma->vm)) {
		int ret = i915_get_ggtt_vma_pages(vma);

		if (ret)
			return ret;
	}

	vma->bind_vma(vma, cache_level, flags);

	return 0;
}