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href="../www/command-line-options.html#compress">‑compress</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#contrast">‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#contrast-stretch">‑contrast‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#crop">‑crop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#cycle">‑cycle</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#debug">‑debug</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#decipher">‑decipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#deconstruct">‑deconstruct</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#define">‑define</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a 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<span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dissimilarity-threshold">‑dissimilarity‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dissolve">‑dissolve</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#distort">‑distort</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#dither">‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#draw">‑draw</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#edge">‑edge</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#emboss">‑emboss</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#encipher">‑encipher</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#encoding">‑encoding</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#endian">‑endian</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#enhance">‑enhance</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#equalize">‑equalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#evaluate">‑evaluate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#evaluate-sequence">‑evaluate‑sequence</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#extent">‑extent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#extract">‑extract</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#family">‑family</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#features">‑features</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fft">‑fft</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fill">‑fill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#filter">‑filter</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flatten">‑flatten</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flip">‑flip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#floodfill">‑floodfill</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#flop">‑flop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#font">‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#foreground">‑foreground</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#format">‑format</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#format_identify_">‑format[identify]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#frame">‑frame</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#frame_import_">‑frame[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#function">‑function</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fuzz">‑fuzz</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#fx">‑fx</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gamma">‑gamma</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gaussian-blur">‑gaussian‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#geometry">‑geometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#gravity">‑gravity</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#green-primary">‑green‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#hald-clut">‑hald‑clut</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#help">‑help</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#highlight-color">‑highlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconGeometry">‑iconGeometry</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#iconic">‑iconic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#identify">‑identify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ift">‑ift</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#immutable">‑immutable</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#implode">‑implode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#insert">‑insert</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#intent">‑intent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interlace">‑interlace</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interpolate">‑interpolate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interline-spacing">‑interline‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#interword-spacing">‑interword‑spacing</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#kerning">‑kerning</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#label">‑label</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lat">‑lat</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#layers">‑layers</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level">‑level</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#level-colors">‑level‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linear-stretch">‑linear‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#linewidth">‑linewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#liquid-rescale">‑liquid‑rescale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#list">‑list</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#log">‑log</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#loop">‑loop</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#lowlight-color">‑lowlight‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#magnify">‑magnify</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map">‑map</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#map_stream_">‑map[stream]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mask">‑mask</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mattecolor">‑mattecolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#median">‑median</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#metric">‑metric</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mode">‑mode</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#modulate">‑modulate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monitor">‑monitor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#monochrome">‑monochrome</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morph">‑morph</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#morphology">‑morphology</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#mosaic">‑mosaic</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#motion-blur">‑motion‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#name">‑name</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#negate">‑negate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#noise">‑noise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#normalize">‑normalize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#opaque">‑opaque</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ordered-dither">‑ordered‑dither</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#orient">‑orient</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#page">‑page</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#paint">‑paint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#path">‑path</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_animate_">‑pause[animate]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pause_import_">‑pause[import]</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pen">‑pen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#ping">‑ping</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#pointsize">‑pointsize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#polaroid">‑polaroid</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#posterize">‑posterize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#precision">‑precision</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#preview">‑preview</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#print">‑print</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#process">‑process</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#profile">‑profile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quality">‑quality</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quantize">‑quantize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#quiet">‑quiet</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#radial-blur">‑radial‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#raise">‑raise</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#random-threshold">‑random‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#red-primary">‑red‑primary</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#regard-warnings">‑regard‑warnings</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#region">‑region</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remap">‑remap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#remote">‑remote</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#render">‑render</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#repage">‑repage</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resample">‑resample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#resize">‑resize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#respect-parentheses">‑respect‑parentheses</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#reverse">‑reverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#roll">‑roll</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#rotate">‑rotate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sample">‑sample</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sampling-factor">‑sampling‑factor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scale">‑scale</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#scene">‑scene</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#screen">‑screen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#seed">‑seed</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#segment">‑segment</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#selective-blur">‑selective‑blur</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#separate">‑separate</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sepia-tone">‑sepia‑tone</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#set">‑set</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shade">‑shade</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shadow">‑shadow</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shared-memory">‑shared‑memory</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sharpen">‑sharpen</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shave">‑shave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#shear">‑shear</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sigmoidal-contrast">‑sigmoidal‑contrast</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#silent">‑silent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#size">‑size</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sketch">‑sketch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#snaps">‑snaps</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#solarize">‑solarize</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#sparse-color">‑sparse‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#splice">‑splice</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#spread">‑spread</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stegano">‑stegano</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stereo">‑stereo</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stretch">‑stretch</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strip">‑strip</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#stroke">‑stroke</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#strokewidth">‑strokewidth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#style">‑style</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swap">‑swap</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#swirl">‑swirl</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#taint">‑taint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#text-font">‑text‑font</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#texture">‑texture</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#thumbnail">‑thumbnail</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile">‑tile</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tile-offset">‑tile‑offset</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#tint">‑tint</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#title">‑title</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transform">‑transform</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent">‑transparent</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transparent-color">‑transparent‑color</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transpose">‑transpose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#transverse">‑transverse</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#treedepth">‑treedepth</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#trim">‑trim</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#type">‑type</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#undercolor">‑undercolor</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unique-colors">‑unique‑colors</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#units">‑units</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#unsharp">‑unsharp</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#update">‑update</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#verbose">‑verbose</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#version">‑version</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#view">‑view</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#vignette">‑vignette</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#virtual-pixel">‑virtual‑pixel</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#visual">‑visual</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#watermark">‑watermark</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#wave">‑wave</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#weight">‑weight</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-point">‑white‑point</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window">‑window</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#window-group">‑window‑group</a> <span class='bull'> • </span> <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#write">‑write</a> ] </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	161
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	162	<p>Below is list of command-line options recognized by the ImageMagick <a
				163	href="../www/command-line-tools.html">command-line
				164	tools</a>. If you want a description of a particular option, click on the
				165	option name in the navigation bar above and you will go right to it. Unless
				166	otherwise noted, each option is recognized by the commands <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>, <a href="../www/mogrify.html">mogrify</a>, and .... </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	167
				168	<div style="margin: auto;">
				169	<h4><a name="adaptive-blur" id="adaptive-blur"></a>-adaptive-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
				170	</div>
				171
				172	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively blur pixels, with decreasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	173	"direction",
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	174	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				175
				176	<div style="margin: auto;">
				177	<h4><a name="adaptive-resize" id="adaptive-resize"></a>-adaptive-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				178	</div>
				179
				180	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize the image using data-dependent triangulation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				181
				182	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#adaptive-resize">-adaptive-resize</a> option defaults to data-dependent triangulation. Use the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> to choose a different resampling algorithm. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				183
				184	<div style="margin: auto;">
				185	<h4><a name="adaptive-sharpen" id="adaptive-sharpen"></a>-adaptive-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>[x<em class="arg">sigma</em>]</h4>
				186	</div>
				187
				188	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adaptively sharpen pixels, with increasing effect near edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				189
				190	<p>A Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (<em class="arg">sigma</em>) is used. If <em class="arg">sigma</em> is not given it defaults to 1.</p>
				191
				192	<div style="margin: auto;">
				193	<h4><a name="adjoin" id="adjoin"></a>-adjoin</h4>
				194	</div>
				195
				196	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join images into a single multi-image file.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				197
				198	<p>This option is enabled by default. An attempt is made to save all
				199	images of an image sequence into the given output file.
				200	However, some formats, such as JPEG and PNG, do not support more than one
				201	image per file, and in that case ImageMagick is forced to write each image as a separate file. As
				202	such, if more than one image needs to be written, the filename given is
				203	modified by adding a <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number before the
				204	suffix, in order to make distinct names for each image. </p>
				205
				206	<p>Use <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> to force each image to be written
				207	to separate files, whether or not the file format allows multiple images
				208	per file (for example, GIF, MIFF, and TIFF). </p>
				209
				210	<p>Including a C-style integer format string in the output filename will automagically enable <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> and are used to specify where the <a href="#scene">-scene</a> number is placed in the filenames. These strings, such as '<kbd>%d</kbd>' or '<kbd>%03d</kbd>', are familiar to those who have used the standard <kbd>printf()</kbd>' C-library function. As an example, the command</p>
				211
				212	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: rose: -morph 15 my%02dmorph.jpg</span></p>
				213	<p>will create a sequence of 17 images named my00morph.jpg, my01morph.jpg, my02morph.jpg, ..., my16morph.jpg.
				214	</p>
				215
				216	<p>In summary, ImageMagick tries to write all images to one file, but will use
				217	multiple files if either (1) the output image's file format does not allow multi-image files,
				218	(2) the <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> option is given, or (3) a C-style integer format string is
				219	present in the output filename. </p>
				220
				221
				222	<div style="margin: auto;">
				223	<h4><a name="affine" id="affine"></a>-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em><br/>
				224	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em></h4>
				225	</div>
				226
				227	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the drawing transformation matrix for combined rotating and scaling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				228
				229	<p>This option sets a transformation matrix, encoded as (<em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">r<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>), for use by subsequent <a href="#draw">-draw</a> or <a href="#transform">-transform</a> options.</p>
				230
				231	<p>The matrix entries are entered as comma-separated numeric values <i>with no spaces</i>. </p>
				232
				233	<p>Internally, the transformation matrix has 3x3 elements, but three of them are omitted from the input because they are constant. The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the original image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				234
				235	<div class="eqn">
				236	<img alt="affine transformation" src="../images/affine.png"/>
				237	</div>
				238
				239	<p>
				240	The size of the resulting image is that of the smallest rectangle that contains the transformed source image. The parameters <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> subsequently shift the image pixels so that those that are moved out of the image area are cut off.</p>
				241
				242	<p>The transformation matrix complies with the left-handed pixel coordinate system: positive <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> directions are rightward and downward, resp.; positive rotation is clockwise.</p>
				243
				244	<p> If the translation coefficients <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omotted they default to 0,0. Therefore, four parameters suffice for rotation and scaling without translation.</p>
				245
				246	<p>Scaling by the factors <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em> in the <em>x</em> and <em>y</em> directions, respectively, is accomplished with the following.</p>
				247
				248	<p class="crtsnip">
				249	-affine <em class="arg">s<sub>x</sub></em>,0,0,<em class="arg">s<sub>y</sub></em>
				250	</p>
				251
				252	<p>Translation by a displacement (<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>, <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>) is accomplished like so:</p>
				253
				254	<p class="crtsnip">
				255	-affine 1,0,0,1,<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>,<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em>
				256	</p>
				257
				258	<p>Rotate clockwise about the origin (the upper left-hand corner) by an angle <em>a</em> by letting
				259	<em>c</em> = cos(<em>a</em>), <em>s</em> = sin(<em>a</em>), and using the following.</p>
				260
				261	<p class="crtsnip">
				262	-affine <em>c</em>,<em>s</em>,-<em>s</em>,<em>c</em>
				263	</p>
				264
				265	<p>The cumulative effect of a sequence of <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> transformations can be accomplished by instead by a single <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> operation using the matrix equal to the product of the matrices of the individual transformations.</p>
				266
				267	<p>An attempt is made to detect near-singular transformation matrices. If the matrix determinant has a sufficiently small absolute value it is rejected.</p>
				268
				269	<div style="margin: auto;">
				270	<h4><a name="alpha" id="alpha"></a>-alpha <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				271	</div>
				272
				273	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Gives control of the alpha/matte channel of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				274
				275	<p>Used to set a flag on an image indicating whether or not to use existing alpha
				276	channel data, to create an alpha channel, or to perform other operations on the alpha channel. Choose the argument <em class="arg">type</em> from the list below.</p>
				277
				278
				279	<table class="doc">
				280	<tbody>
				281	<tr valign="top">
				282	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">type</th>
				283	<th align="left">Description</th>
				284	</tr>
				285
				286	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	287	<td valign="top"><kbd>Activate</kbd> or <kbd>On</kbd></td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	288	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	289	Enable the image's transparency channel. Note normally <kbd>Set</kbd>
				290	should be used instead of this, unless you specifically need to
				291	preserve existing (but specifically turned <kbd>Off</kbd>) transparency
				292	channel. </td></tr>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	293
				294	<tr valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	295	<td valign="top"><kbd>Deactivate</kbd> or <kbd>Off</kbd></td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	296	<td valign="top">
				297	Disables the image's transparency channel. Does not delete or change the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	298	existing data, just turns off the use of that data.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	299
				300	<tr valign="top">
				301	<td valign="top"><kbd>Set</kbd></td>
				302	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	303	Activates the alpha/matte channel. If it was previously turned off
				304	then it also resets the channel to opaque. If the image already had
				305	the alpha channel turned on, it will have no effect.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	306
				307	<tr valign="top">
				308	<td valign="top"><kbd>Opaque</kbd></td>
				309	<td valign="top">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	310	Enables the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully opaque.
				311	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	312
				313	<tr valign="top">
				314	<td valign="top"><kbd>Transparent</kbd></td>
				315	<td valign="top">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	316	Activates the alpha/matte channel and forces it to be fully
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	317	transparent. This effectively creates a fully transparent image the
				318	same size as the original and with all its original RGB data still
				319	intact, but fully transparent. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	320
				321	<tr valign="top">
				322	<td valign="top"><kbd>Extract</kbd></td>
				323	<td valign="top">
				324	Copies the alpha channel values into all the color channels and turns
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	325	'<kbd>Off</kbd>' the the image's transparency, so as to generate
				326	a gray-scale mask of the image's shape. The alpha channel data is left
				327	intact just deactivated. This is the inverse of '<kbd>Copy</kbd>'.
				328	</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	329
				330	<tr valign="top">
				331	<td valign="top"><kbd>Copy</kbd></td>
				332	<td valign="top">
				333	Turns '<kbd>On</kbd>' the alpha/matte channel, then copies the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	334	gray-scale intensity of the image, into the alpha channel, converting
				335	a gray-scale mask into a transparent shaped mask ready to be colored
				336	appropriately. The color channels are not modified. </td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	337
				338	<tr valign="top">
				339	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shape</kbd></td>
				340	<td valign="top">
				341	As per '<kbd>Copy</kbd>' but also colors the resulting shape mask with
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	342	the current background color. That is the RGB color channels is
				343	replaced, with appropriate alpha shape.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	344	</td></tr>
				345
				346	<tr valign="top">
				347	<td valign="top"><kbd>Background</kbd></td>
				348	<td valign="top">
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	349	Set any fully-transparent pixel to the background color, while leaving
				350	it fully-transparent. This can make some image file formats, such as
				351	PNG, smaller as the RGB values of transparent pixels are more uniform,
				352	and thus can compress better.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	353	</td></tr>
				354	</tbody>
				355	</table>
				356
				357	<p>Note that while the <a href="#matte" >+matte</a> operation is the same as
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	358	"<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> Off</kbd>", the <a href="#matte"
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	359	>-matte</a> operation is the same as "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a>
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	360	Set</kbd>" and not "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> On</kbd>". </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	361
				362
				363	<div style="margin: auto;">
				364	<h4><a name="annotate" id="annotate"></a>
				365	-annotate <em class="arg">degrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				366	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> <em class="arg">text</em><br />
				367	-annotate <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> {+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em>{+-}<em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> <em class="arg">text</em></h4>
				368	</div>
				369
				370	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				371
				372	<p>This is a convenience for annotating an image with text. For more precise control over text annotations, use <a href="#draw">-draw</a>.</p>
				373
				374
				375	<p>The values <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> and <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> control the shears with respect to the , respectively, applied to the text, while <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are offsets that give the location of the text relative to the upper left corner of the image.</p>
				376
				377	<p>Using <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em> or <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> <em class="arg">degrees</em>x<em class="arg">degrees</em> produces an unsheared rotation of the text. The direction of the rotation is positive, which means a clockwise rotation if <em class="arg">degrees</em> is positive. (This conforms to the usual mathematical convention once it is realized that the positive <em>y</em>–direction is conventionally considered to be <em>downward</em> for images.)</p>
				378
				379	<p>The new (transformed) coordinates (<em class="arg">x'</em>, <em class="arg">y'</em>) of a pixel at position (<em class="arg">x</em>, <em class="arg">y</em>) in the image are calculated using the following matrix equation.</p>
				380	<div class="eqn"><img alt="annotate transformation" src="../images/annotate.png"/></div>
				381
				382	<p>If <em class="arg">t<sub>x</sub></em> and <em class="arg">t<sub>y</sub></em> are omitted, they default to 0. This makes the bottom-left of the text becomes the upper-left corner of the image, which is probably undesirable. Adding a <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> option in this case leads to nice results.</p>
				383
				384	<p>Text is any UTF-8 encoded character sequence. If <em class="arg">text</em> is of the form '@mytext.txt', the text is read from the file <kbd>mytext.txt</kbd>. Text in a file is taken literally; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				385
				386	<div style="margin: auto;">
				387	<h4><a name="antialias" id="antialias"></a>-antialias</h4>
				388	</div>
				389
				390	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enable/Disable of the rendering of anti-aliasing pixels when
				391	drawing fonts and lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				392
				393	<p>By default, objects (e.g. text, lines, polygons, etc.) are antialiased when
				394	drawn. Use <a href="#antialias">+antialias</a> to disable the addition of
				395	antialiasing edge pixels. This will then reduce the number of colors added to
				396	an image to just the colors being directly drawn. That is, no mixed colors
				397	will be added when drawing such objects. </p>
				398
				399	<div style="margin: auto;">
				400	<h4><a name="append" id="append"></a>-append</h4>
				401	</div>
				402
				403	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Join current images vertically or horizontally.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				404
				405	<p>This option creates a single longer image image, by joining all the current
				406	images in sequence top-to-bottom. Use <a href="#append">+append</a> to
				407	stack images left-to-right. </p>
				408
				409	<p>If they are not of the same width, narrower images are padded with the
				410	current <a href="#background">-background</a> color setting, and their
				411	position relative to each other can be controled by the current <a
				412	href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. </p>
				413
				414
				415	<div style="margin: auto;">
				416	<h4><a name="attenuate" id="attenuate"></a>-attenuate <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				417	</div>
				418
				419	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				420
				421
				422	<div style="margin: auto;">
				423	<h4><a name="authenticate" id="authenticate"></a>-authenticate <em class="arg">password</em></h4>
				424	</div>
				425
				426	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decrypt a PDF with a password.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				427
				428	<p>Use this option to supply a <em class="arg">password</em> for decrypting a PDF that has been encrypted using Microsoft Crypto API (MSC API). The encrypting using the MSC API is not supported.</p>
				429
				430	<p>For a different encryption method, see <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a> and <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>. </p>
				431
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	432
				433
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	434	<div style="margin: auto;">
				435	<h4><a name="auto-gamma" id="auto-gamma"></a>-auto-gamma</h4>
				436	</div>
				437
				438	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust gamma level of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				439
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	440	<p>This calculates the mean values of an image, then applies a calculated <a
				441	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> adjustment so that is the mean color exists in the
				442	image it will get a have a value of 50%. </p>
				443
				444	<p>This means that any solid 'gray' image will become 50% gray. </p>
				445
				446	<p>This works well for real-life images with little or no extreme dark and
				447	light areas, but tend to fail for images with large amounts of bright sky or
				448	dark shadows. It also does not work well for diagrmas or cartoon like images.
				449	</p>
				450
				451	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
				452	'<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine which color
				453	values will be used and modified. As the default <a href="#channel"
				454	>-channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', channels will be modified
				455	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors. </p>
				456
				457
				458
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	459	<div style="margin: auto;">
				460	<h4><a name="auto-level" id="auto-level"></a>-auto-level</h4>
				461	</div>
				462
				463	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically adjust color levels of image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				464
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	465	<p>This is a 'perfect' image normalization operator. It finds the exact
				466	mimimum and maximum color values in the image and then applies a <a
				467	href="#level" >-level</a> operator to stretch the values to the full range of
				468	values. </p>
				469
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	470	<p>The operator is not typically used for real-life images, image scans, or
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	471	JPEG format images, as a single 'out-rider' pixel can set a bad min/max values
				472	for the <a href="#level" >-level</a> operation. On the other hand it is the
				473	right operator to use for color stretching gradient images being used to
				474	generate Color lookup tables, distortion maps, or other 'mathematically'
				475	defined images. </p>
				476
				477	<p>The operator is very similar to the <a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>, <a
				478	href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>, and <a href="#linear-stretch"
				479	>-linear-stretch</a> operators, but without 'histogram binning' or 'clipping'
				480	problems that these operators may have. That is <a href="#auto-level"
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	481	>-auto-level</a> is the perfect or ideal version these operators. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	482
				483	<p>It uses the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, (including the
				484	special '<CODE>sync</CODE>' flag for channel syncronization), to determine
				485	which color values will be used and modified. As the default <a
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	486	href="#channel" >+channel</a> setting is '<CODE>RGB,sync</CODE>', the
				487	'<CODE>sync</CODE>' will ensure that the color channels will be modified
				488	together by the same gamma value, preserving colors, and ignoring
				489	transparency. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	490
				491
				492
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	493	<div style="margin: auto;">
				494	<h4><a name="auto-orient" id="auto-orient"></a>-auto-orient</h4>
				495	</div>
				496
				497	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Automagically orient (rotate) an image created by a digital camera.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				498
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	499	<p>This operator reads and resets the EXIF image profile setting 'Orientation'
				500	and then performs the appropriate 90 degree rotation on the image to orient
				501	the image, for correct viewing. </p>
				502
				503	<p>This EXIF profile setting is usually set using a gravity sensor in digital
				504	camara, however photos taken directly downward or upward may not have an
				505	appropriate value. Also images that have been orientation 'corrected' without
				506	reseting this setting, may be 'corrected' again resulting in a incorrect
				507	result. If the he EXIF profile was previously stripped, the <a
				508	href="#auto-orient" >-auto-orient</a> operator will do nothing. </p>
				509
				510
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	511	<div style="margin: auto;">
				512	<h4><a name="average" id="average"></a>-average</h4>
				513	</div>
				514
				515	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Average a set of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				516
				517	<p>An error results if the images are not identically sized.</p>
				518
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	519
				520	<div style="margin: auto;">
				521	<h4><a name="backdrop" id="backdrop"></a>-backdrop</h4>
				522	</div>
				523
				524	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display the image centered on a backdrop.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				525
				526	<p>This backdrop covers the entire workstation screen and is useful for hiding other X window activity while viewing the image. The color of the backdrop is specified as the background color. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				527
				528	<div style="margin: auto;">
				529	<h4><a name="background" id="background"></a>-background <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				530	</div>
				531
				532	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the background color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				533
				534	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The default background color (if none is specified or found in the image) is white.</p>
				535
				536	<div style="margin: auto;">
				537	<h4><a name="bench" id="bench"></a>-bench <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
				538	</div>
				539
				540	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Measure performance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				541
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	542	<p>Repeat the entire command for the given number of <em class="arg">iterations</em> and report the user-time and elapsed time. For instance, consider the following command and its output. Modify the benchmark with the -duration to run the benchmark for a fixed number of seconds and -concurrent to run the benchmark in parallel (requires the OpenMP feature).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	543
cristy	e637813	2009-10-26 20:05:17 +0000	[diff] [blame]	544	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -resize 1000% -bench 5 logo.png</span><span class='crtout'>Performance: 5i 0.875657ips 6.880u 0:05.710</span></p>
				545	<p>In this example, 5 iterations were completed at 0.875657 iterations per second, using 6.88 seconds of the user's allotted time, for a total elapsed time of 5.71 seconds.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	546
				547	<div style="margin: auto;">
				548	<h4><a name="bias" id="bias"></a>-bias <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				549	</div>
				550
				551	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add bias when convolving an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				552
				553	<p>This option shifts the output of <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> so that positive and negative results are relative to the specified bias value. </p>
				554
				555	<p>This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge detection. Without an output bias, the negative values are clipped at zero.</p>
				556
				557	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				558	negative results without clipping to the color value range
				559	(0..QuantumRange).</p>
				560
				561	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				562	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				563	</p>
				564
				565	<div style="margin: auto;">
				566	<h4><a name="black-point-compensation" id="black-point-compensation"></a>-black-point-compensation</h4>
				567	</div>
				568
				569	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use black point compensation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				570
				571	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	572	<h4><a name="black-threshold" id="black-threshold"></a>-black-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	573	</div>
				574
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	575	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to black all pixels below the threshold while leaving all pixels at or above the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				576
				577	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				578	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	579
				580
				581	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	582	<h4><a name="blend" id="blend"></a>-blend <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	583	</div>
				584
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	585	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>blend an image into another by the given absolute value or percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	586
				587	<p>Blend will average the images together ('plus') according to the
				588	percentages given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage
				589	value is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				590	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is a
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	591	<kbd>-blend 30%</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of the
				592	'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend 30x70%</kbd>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	593
				594
				595	<div style="margin: auto;">
				596	<h4><a name="blue-primary" id="blue-primary"></a>-blue-primary <em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				597	</div>
				598
				599	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the blue chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				600
				601	<div style="margin: auto;">
				602	<h4><a name="blue-shift" id="blue-shift"></a>-blue-shift <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				603	</div>
				604
				605	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				606
				607	<div style="margin: auto;">
				608
				609	<div style="margin: auto;">
				610	<h4><a name="blur" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
				611	</div>
				612
				613	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce image noise and reduce detail levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				614
				615	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
				616
				617	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				618	</div>
				619
				620	<p>Where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. If a radius of 0 is specified, ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
				621
				622	<p>This option differs from <a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a> simply by taking advantage of the separability properties of the distribution. Here we apply a single-dimensional Gaussian matrix in the horizontal direction, then repeat the process in the vertical direction.</p>
				623
				624	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				625	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				626	</p>
				627
				628
				629	<div style="margin: auto;">
				630	<h4><a name="blur-composite" id="blur"></a>-blur <em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]</h4>
				631	</div>
				632
				633	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Variably blur and image according to the overlay mapping.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				634
				635	<p>Each pixel in the overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted
				636	Average (EWA) of the source image, scaled according to the grayscale
				637	mapping. </p>
				638
				639	<p>The ellipse is weighted with sigma set to the given <em class="arg"
				640	>Width</em> and <em class="arg" >Height</em>. The <em class="arg" >Height</em>
				641	defaults to the <em class="arg" >Width</em> for a normal circular Guassian
				642	weighting. The <em class="arg" >Angle</em> will rotate the ellipse from
				643	horizontal clock-wise. </p>
				644
				645	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				646	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				647	</p>
				648
				649
				650	<div style="margin: auto;">
				651	<h4><a name="border" id="border"></a>-border <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				652	</div>
				653
				654	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border of color. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				655
				656	<p>Set the width and height using the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">gravity</em> argument. See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets are ignored. </p>
				657
				658	<p>Set the border color by preceding with the <a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a> setting.</p>
				659
				660	<p>See also the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, which has more functionality.</p>
				661
				662	<div style="margin: auto;">
				663	<h4><a name="bordercolor" id="bordercolor"></a>-bordercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				664	</div>
				665
				666	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				667
				668	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				669
				670	<p>The default border color is <kbd>#DFDFDF</kbd>, <span style="background-color: #dfdfdf;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
				671
				672	<div style="margin: auto;">
				673	<h4><a name="borderwidth" id="borderwidth"></a>-borderwidth <em class="arg">geometry</em> </h4>
				674	</div>
				675
				676	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the border width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				677
				678	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	679	<h4><a name="brightness-contrast" id="brightness-contrast"></a>-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em><br />-brightness-contrast <em class="arg">brightness</em>{x<em class="arg">contrast</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				680	</div>
				681
				682	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the brightness and/or contrast of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				683
				684	<p>Brightness and Contrast values apply changes to the input image. They are not absolute settings. A brightness or contrast value of zero means no change. The range of values is -100 to +100 on each. Positive values increase the brightness or contrast and negative values decrease the brightness or contrast. To control only contrast, set the brightness=0. To control only brightness, set contrast=0 or just leave it off.</p>
				685
				686	<p>You may also use <a href="#fill">-channel</a> to control which channels to apply the brightness and/or contrast change. The default is to apply the same transformation to all channels.</p>
				687
				688	<p>Brightness and Contrast arguments are converted to offset and slope of a linear transform and applied using <a href="#fill">-function polynomial "slope,offset"</a>.</p>
				689
				690	<p>The slope varies from 0 at contrast=-100 to almost vertical at contrast=+100. For brightness=0 and contrast=-100, the result will be totally midgray. For brightness=0 and contrast=+100, the result will approach but not quite reach a threshold at midgray; that is the linear transformation will be a a very steep vertical line at mid gray.</p>
				691
				692	<p>Negative slopes, i.e. negating the image, are not possible with this function. All achievable slopes will be zero or positive.</p>
				693
				694	<p>The offset varies from -0.5 at brightness=-100 to 0 at brightness=0 to +0.5 at brightness=+100. Thus, when contrast=0 and brightness=100, the result will be totally white. Similarly, when contrast=0 and brightness=-100, the result will be totally black.</p>
				695
				696	<p>As the range of values for the arguments are -100 to +100, adding the '%' symbol will be no different than leaving it off.</p>
				697
				698	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	699	<h4><a name="cache" id="cache"></a>-cache <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				700	</div>
				701
				702	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>(This option has been replaced by the <a href='#limit'>-limit</a> option.)</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				703
				704	<div style="margin: auto;">
				705	<h4><a name="caption" id="caption"></a>-caption <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				706	</div>
				707
				708	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a caption to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				709
				710	<div style="margin: auto;">
				711	<h4><a name="cdl" id="cdl"></a>-cdl <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				712	</div>
				713
				714	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color correct with a color decision list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				715
				716	<p>Here is an example color correction collection:</p>
				717
				718	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	719	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
				720	<ColorCorrectionCollection xmlns="urn:ASC:CDL:v1.2">
				721	<ColorCorrection id="cc06668">
				722	<SOPNode>
				723	<Slope> 0.9 1.2 0.5 </Slope>
				724	<Offset> 0.4 -0.5 0.6 </Offset>
				725	<Power> 1.0 0.8 1.5 </Power>
				726	</SOPNode>
				727	<SATNode>
				728	<Saturation> 0.85 </Saturation>
				729	</SATNode>
				730	</ColorCorrection>
				731	</ColorCorrectionCollection>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	732	</pre>
				733
				734	<div style="margin: auto;">
				735	<h4><a name="channel" id="channel"></a>-channel <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				736	</div>
				737
				738	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify those image color channels to which subsequent operators are limited.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				739
				740	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Red</kbd>, <kbd>Green</kbd>, <kbd>Blue</kbd>, <kbd>Alpha</kbd>, <kbd>Cyan</kbd>, <kbd>Magenta</kbd>, <kbd>Yellow</kbd>, <kbd>Black</kbd>, <kbd>Opacity</kbd>, <kbd>Index</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, <kbd>RGBA</kbd>, <kbd>CMYK</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYKA</kbd>.</p>
				741
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	742	<p>The channels above can also be specified as a comma-separated list or can be
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	743	abbreviated as a concatenation of the letters '<kbd>R</kbd>', '<kbd>G</kbd>',
				744	'<kbd>B</kbd>', '<kbd>A</kbd>', '<kbd>O</kbd>', '<kbd>C</kbd>',
				745	'<kbd>M</kbd>', '<kbd>Y</kbd>', '<kbd>K</kbd>'.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	746
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	747	For example, to only select the <kbd>Red</kbd> and <kbd>Blue</kbd> channels
				748	you can either use </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	749	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	750	-channel Red,Blue
				751	</p>
				752	<p>or you can use the short hand form</p>
				753	<p class="crtsnip">
				754	-channel RB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	755	</p>
				756
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	757	<p>All the channels that is present in an image can be specified using the
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	758	special channel type <kbd>All</kbd>. Not all operators are 'channel capable',
				759	but generally any operators that are generally 'grey-scale' image operators,
				760	will understand this setting. See individual operator documentation. </p>
				761
				762	<br>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	763
				764	<p>On top of the normal channel selection a extra flag can be specified,
				765	'<kbd>Sync</kbd>'. This is turned on by default and if set means that
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	766	operators that understand this flag should perform: cross-channel
				767	syncronization of the channels. If not specified, then most grey-scale
				768	operators will apply their image processing operations to each individual
				769	channel (as specified by the rest of the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				770	setting) completely independantally from each other. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	771
				772	<p>For example for operators such as <a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a> and
				773	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a> the color channels will be modified
				774	together in exactly the same way so that colors will remain in-sync. Without
				775	it being set, then each channel will be modified separatally and
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	776	independantally, which may produce color distortion. </p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	777
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	778	<p>The <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a> '<kdb>Convolve</kdb>' method
				779	and the <a href="#compose">-compose</a> mathematical methods, also understands
				780	the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag to modify the behaviour of pixel colors according
				781	to the alpha channel (if present). That is to say it will modify the image
				782	processing with the understanding that fully-transparent colors should not
				783	contribute to the final result. </p>
				784
				785	Basically, by default, operators work with color channels in syncronous, and
				786	treats transparency as special, unless the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				787	setting is modified so as to remove the effect of the '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag.
				788	How each operator does this depends on that operators current implementation.
				789	Not all operators understands this flag at this time, but that is changing.
				790	</p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	791
				792	<p>To print a complete list of channel types, use <a href="#list">-list
				793	channel</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	794
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	795	<br>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	796
				797	<p>By default, ImageMagick sets <a href="#channel">-channel</a> to the value
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	798	'<kbd>RGBK,sync</kbd>', which specifies that operators act on all color
				799	channels except the transparency channel, and that all the color channels are
				800	to be modified in exactly the same way, with a understanding of transprancy
				801	(depending on the operation being applied). The 'plus' form <a
				802	href="#channel" >+channel</a> will reset the value back to this default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	803
				804	<p>Options that are affected by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				805	include the following.
				806
				807	<a href="#auto-gamma">-auto-gamma</a>,
				808	<a href="#auto-level">-auto-level</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	809	<a href="#black-threshold">-black-threshold</a>,
				810	<a href="#blur">-blur</a>,
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	811	<a href="#clamp">-clamp</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	812	<a href="#clut">-clut</a>,
				813	<a href="#combine">-combine</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	814	<a href="#composite">-composite</a> (Mathematical compose methods only),
				815	<a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	816	<a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a>,
				817	<a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a>,
				818	<a href="#function">-function</a>,
				819	<a href="#fx">-fx</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	820	<a href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	821	<a href="#hald-clut">-hald-clut</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	822	<a href="#motion-blur">-motion-blur</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	823	<a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>,
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	824	<a href="#negate">-negate</a>,
				825	<a href="#normalize">-normalize</a>,
				826	<a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a>,
				827	<a href="#radial-blur">-radial-blur</a>,
				828	<a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a>,
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	829	<a href="#separate">-separate</a>,
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	830	<a href="#threshold">-threshold</a>, and
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	831	<a href="#white-threshold">-white-threshold</a>.
				832	</p>
				833
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	834	<p>Warning, some operators behave differentally when the <a href="#channel"
				835	>+channel</a> default setting is in effect, verses ANY user defined <a
				836	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting (including the equivelent of the
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	837	default). These operators have yet to be made to understand the newer 'Sync'
				838	flag. </p>
				839
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	840	<p>For example <a href="#threshold">-threshold</a> will by default gray-scale
				841	the image before thresholding, if no <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting
				842	has been defined. This is not 'Sync flag controlled, yet. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	843
				844	<p>Also some operators such as <a href="#blur">-blur</a>, <a
				845	href="#gaussian-blur">-gaussian-blur</a>, will modify their handling of the
				846	color channels if the '<kbd>alpha</kbd>' channel is also enabled by <a
				847	href="#channel" >-channel</a>. Generally this done to ensure that
				848	fully-transparent colors are treated as being fully-transparent, and thus any
				849	underlying 'hidden' color has no effect on the final results. Typically
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	850	resulting in 'halo' effects. The newer <a href="#morphology">-morphology</a>
				851	convolution equivelents however does have a understanding of the 'Sync' flag
				852	and will thus handle transparency correctly by default. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	853
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	854	<p>As a alpha channel is optional within images, some operators will read the
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	855	color channels of an image as a greyscale alpha mask, when the image has no
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	856	alpha channel present, and the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting tells
				857	the operator to apply the operation using alpha channels. The <a
				858	href="#clut">-clut</a> operator is a good example of this. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	859
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	860
				861	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	b4c03bb	2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000	[diff] [blame]	862	<h4><a name="clamp" id="clamp"></a>-clamp</h4>
				863	</div>
				864
				865	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Restrict image colors from 0 to the quantum depth.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				866
				867	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	868	<h4><a name="charcoal" id="charcoal"></a>-charcoal <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				869	</div>
				870
				871	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Simulate a charcoal drawing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				872
				873	<div style="margin: auto;">
				874	<h4><a name="chop" id="chop"></a>-chop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				875	</div>
				876
				877	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Remove pixels from the interior of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				878
				879	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> given in the of the <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the number of columns and rows to remove. The <em class="arg">offset</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument is influenced by a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting, if present.</p>
				880
				881	<p>The <a href="#chop">-chop</a> option removes entire rows and columns, and moves the remaining corner blocks leftward and upward to close the gaps.</p>
				882
				883	<div style="margin: auto;">
				884	<h4><a name="clip" id="clip"></a>-clip</h4>
				885	</div>
				886
				887	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply the clipping path if one is present.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				888
				889	<p>If a clipping path is present, it is applied to subsequent operations.</p>
				890
				891	<p>For example, in the command</p>
				892
				893	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -clip -negate cockatoo.tif negated.tif</span></p>
				894	<p>only the pixels within the clipping path are negated.</p>
				895
				896	<p>The <a href="#clip">-clip</a> feature requires the XML library. If the XML library is not present, the option is ignored.</p>
				897
				898	<div style="margin: auto;">
				899	<h4><a name="clip-mask" id="clip-mask"></a>-clip-mask</h4>
				900	</div>
				901
				902	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip the image as defined by this mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				903
				904	<div style="margin: auto;">
				905	<h4><a name="clip-path" id="clip-path"></a>-clip-path <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
				906	</div>
				907
				908	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Clip along a named path from the 8BImageMagick profile.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				909
				910	<div style="margin: auto;">
				911	<h4><a name="clone" id="clone"></a>-clone <em class="arg">index(s)</em></h4>
				912	</div>
				913
				914	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make a copy of an image (or images).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				915
				916	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index
				917	0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence; for example, −1
				918	represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a
				919	dash (e.g. 0−4). Separate multiple indexes with commas but no spaces (e.g. 0,2,5). Use <a
				920	href="#clone">+clone</a> make a copy of the last image in the image
				921	sequence.</p>
				922
				923	<div style="margin: auto;">
				924	<h4><a name="clut" id="clut"></a>-clut</h4>
				925	</div>
				926
				927	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Replace the channel values in the first image using each
				928	corresponding channel in the second image as a <b>c</b>olor
				929	<b>l</b>ook<b>u</b>p <b>t</b>able.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				930
				931	<p>The second (LUT) image is ordinarily a gradient image containing the
				932	histogram mapping of how each channel should be modified. Typically it is a
				933	either a single row or column image of replacement color values. If larger
				934	than a single row or column, values are taken from a diagonal line from
				935	top-left to bottom-right corners.</p>
				936
				937	<p>The lookup is further controlled by the <a
				938	href="#interpolate">-interpolate</a> setting, which is especially handy for an
				939	LUT which is not the full length needed by the ImageMagick installed Quality
				940	(Q) level. Good settings for this are the '<kbd>bilinear</kbd>' and
				941	'<kbd>bicubic</kbd>' interpolation settings, which give smooth color
				942	gradients, and the '<kbd>integer</kbd>' setting for a direct, unsmoothed
				943	lookup of color values. </p>
				944
				945	<p>This operator is especially suited to replacing a grayscale image with a
				946	specific color gradient from the CLUT image. </p>
				947
				948	<p>Only the channel values defined by the <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				949	setting will have their values replaced. In particular, since the default <a
				950	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means that
				951	transparency (alpha/matte channel) is not affected, unless the <a
				952	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting is modified. When the alpha channel is
				953	set, it is treated by the <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> operator in the same way
				954	as the other channels, implying that alpha/matte values are replaced using the
				955	alpha/matte values of the original image. </p>
				956
				957	<p>If either the image being modified, or the lookup image, conatins no
				958	transparency (i.e. <a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> is turned 'off') but the <a
				959	href="#channel">-channel</a> setting includes alpha replacement, then it is
				960	assumed that image represents a gray-scale graident which will be used for the
				961	replacement alpha values. That is you can use a gray-scale CLUT image to
				962	adjust a existing images alpha channel, or you can color a gray-scale image
				963	using colors form CLUT containing the desired colors, including transparency.
				964	</p>
				965
				966	<p>See also <a href="#hald-clut" >-hald-clut</a> which replaces colors according
				967	the lookup of the full color RGB value from a 2D representation of a 3D color
				968	cube. </p>
				969
				970
				971	<div style="margin: auto;">
				972	<h4><a name="coalesce" id="coalesce"></a>-coalesce</h4>
				973	</div>
				974
				975	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Fully define the look of each frame of an GIF animation sequence, to form a 'film strip' animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				976
				977	<p>Overlay each image in an image sequence according to its <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a> meta-data, to reproduce the look of an animation at each point in the animation sequence. All images should be the same size, and are assigned appropriate GIF disposal settings for the animation to continue working as expected as a GIF animation. Such frames are more easilly viewed and processed than the highly optimized GIF overlay images. </p>
				978
				979	<p>The animation can be re-optimized after processing using the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>optimize</kbd>', though there is no guarantee that the restored GIF animation optimization is better than the original. </p>
				980
				981
				982	<div style="margin: auto;">
				983	<h4><a name="colorize" id="colorize"></a>-colorize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				984	</div>
				985
				986	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colorize the image by an amount specified by <em class="arg">value</em> using the color specified by the most recent <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> setting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				987
				988	<p>Specify the amount of colorization as a percentage. Separate colorization values can be applied to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a comma-delimited list of colorization values (e.g., <kbd>-colorize 0,0,50</kbd>).</p>
				989
				990	<div style="margin: auto;">
				991	<h4><a name="colormap" id="colormap"></a>-colormap <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				992	</div>
				993
				994	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the colormap type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				995
				996	<p>The <em class="arg">type</em> can be <kbd>shared</kbd> or <kbd>private</kbd>.</p>
				997
				998	<p>This option only applies when the default X server visual is <kbd>PseudoColor</kbd> or <kbd>GrayScale</kbd>. Refer to <a href="#visual">-visual</a> for more details. By default, a shared colormap is allocated. The image shares colors with other X clients. Some image colors could be approximated, therefore your image may look very different than intended. If <kbd>private</kbd> is chosen, the image colors appear exactly as they are defined. However, other clients may go <em>technicolor</em> when the image colormap is installed.</p>
				999
				1000	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1001	<h4><a name="colors" id="colors"></a>-colors <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1002	</div>
				1003
				1004	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred number of colors in the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1005
				1006	<p>The actual number of colors in the image may be less than your request, but never more. Note that this a color reduction option. Images with fewer unique colors than specified by <em class="arg">value</em> will have any duplicate or unused colors removed. The ordering of an existing color palette may be altered. When converting an image from color to grayscale, it is more efficient to convert the image to the gray colorspace before reducing the number of colors. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				1007
				1008	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1009	<h4><a name="color-matrix" id="color-matrix"></a>-color-matrix <em class="arg">matrix</em></h4>
				1010	</div>
				1011
				1012	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply color correction to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1013
				1014	<p>This option permits saturation changes, hue rotation, luminance to alpha, and various other effects. Although variable-sized transformation matrices can be used, typically one uses a 5x5 matrix for an RGBA image and a 6x6 for CMYKA (or RGBA with offsets). The matrix is similar to those used by Adobe Flash except offsets are in column 6 rather than 5 (in support of CMYKA images) and offsets are normalized (divide Flash offset by 255).</p>
				1015
				1016	<p>As an example, to add contrast to an image with offsets, try this command:</p>
				1017
				1018	<pre class="text">
				1019	convert kittens.jpg -color-matrix \
				1020	" 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1021	0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1022	0.0 0.0 1.5 0.0, 0.0, -0.157 \
				1023	0.0 0.0 0.0 1.0, 0.0, 0.0 \
				1024	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 1.0, 0.0 \
				1025	0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0, 0.0, 1.0" kittens.png
				1026	</pre>
				1027	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1028	<h4><a name="colorspace" id="colorspace"></a>-colorspace <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				1029	</div>
				1030
				1031	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1032
				1033	<p>Choices are:</p>
				1034
				1035	<pre class="text">
				1036	CMY
				1037	CMYK
				1038	Gray
				1039	HSB
				1040	HSL
				1041	HWB
				1042	Lab
				1043	Log
				1044	OHTA
				1045	Rec601Luma
				1046	Rec601YCbCr
				1047	Rec709Luma
				1048	Rec709YCbCr
				1049	RGB
				1050	sRGB
				1051	Transparent
				1052	XYZ
				1053	YCbCr
				1054	YCC
				1055	YIQ
				1056	YPbPr
				1057	YUV
				1058	</pre>
				1059
				1060	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a>.</p>
				1061
				1062	<p>For a more accurate color conversion to or from the RGB, CMYK, or grayscale colorspaces, use the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option.</p>
				1063
				1064	<table class="doc">
				1065	<caption>Conversion Of RGB To Other Color Spaces</caption>
				1066	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMY</th></tr>
				1067	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−R</td></tr>
				1068	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−G</td></tr>
				1069	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−B</td></tr>
				1070	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">CMYK — starts with CMY from above</th></tr>
				1071	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">K=min(C,Y,M)</td></tr>
				1072	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(C−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1073	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">M=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(M−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1074	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>*(Y−K)/(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>−K)</td></tr>
				1075
				1076	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Gray</th></tr>
				1077	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1078
				1079	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSB — Hue, Saturation, Brightness; like a cone peak downward</th></tr>
				1080	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1081	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1082	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B=distance along axis from bottom upward; B=max(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1083
				1084	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HSL — Hue, Saturation, Lightness; like a double cone end-to-end with peaks at very top and bottom</th></tr>
				1085	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">H=angle around perimeter (0 to 360 deg); H=0 is red; increasing angles toward green</td></tr>
				1086	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">S=distance from axis outward</td></tr>
				1087	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L=distance along axis from bottom upward; L=0.5max(R,G,B) + 0.5min(R,G,B); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1088
				1089	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">HWB — Hue, Whiteness, Blackness</th></tr>
				1090	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Hue (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1091	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Whiteness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1092	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Blackness (complicated equation)</td></tr>
				1093
				1094	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LAB</th></tr>
				1095	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">L (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1096	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">A (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1097	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">B (complicated equation relating X,Y,Z)</td></tr>
				1098
				1099	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">LOG</th></tr>
				1100	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1 (complicated equation involving logarithm of R)</td></tr>
				1101	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2 (complicated equation involving logarithm of G)</td></tr>
				1102	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3 (complicated equation involving logarithm of B)</td></tr>
				1103
				1104	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">OHTA — approximates principal components transformation</th></tr>
				1105	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I1=0.33333R+0.33334G+0.33333*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1106	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I2=(0.50000R+0.00000G−0.50000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1107	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I3=(−0.25000R+0.50000G−0.25000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1108
				1109	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601Luma</th></tr>
				1110	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray = 0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B</td></tr>
				1111
				1112	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec601YCbCr</th></tr>
				1113	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1114	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R-0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1115	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1116
				1117	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709Luma</th></tr>
				1118	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Gray=0.21260R+0.71520G+0.07220*B</td></tr>
				1119
				1120	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">Rec709YCbCr</th></tr>
				1121	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.212600R+0.715200G+0.072200*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1122	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.114572R−0.385428G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1123	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.454153G−0.045847B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1124
				1125	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">sRGB</th></tr>
				1126	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Rs ≤ .03928 then Rs=R/12.92 else Rs=((R+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1127	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Gs ≤ .03928 then Gs=B/12.92 else Gs=((G+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1128	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">if Bs ≤ .03928 then Bs=B/12.92 else Bs=((B+.055)/1.055)^2.4</td></tr>
				1129
				1130	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">XYZ</th></tr>
				1131	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">X=0.4124240R+0.3575790G+0.1804640*B</td></tr>
				1132	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.2126560R+0.7151580G+0.0721856*B</td></tr>
				1133	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Z=0.0193324R+0.1191930G+0.9504440*B</td></tr>
				1134
				1135	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCC</th></tr>
				1136	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=(0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling); <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1137	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C1=(−0.29900R−0.58700G+0.88600*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1138	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">C2=(0.70100R−0.58700G−0.11400*B) (with complicated scaling)</td></tr>
				1139
				1140	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YCbCr</th></tr>
				1141	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1142	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1143	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Cr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1144
				1145	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YIQ</th></tr>
				1146	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1147	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">I=(0.59600R−0.27400G−0.32200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1148	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Q=(0.21100R−0.52300G+0.31200B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1149
				1150	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YPbPr</th></tr>
				1151	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.299000R+0.587000G+0.114000*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1152	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pb=(−0.168736R−0.331264G+0.500000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1153	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Pr=(0.500000R−0.418688G−0.081312B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1154
				1155	<tr><th align="left" valign="middle">YUV</th></tr>
				1156	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">Y=0.29900R+0.58700G+0.11400*B; <em>intensity-like</em></td></tr>
				1157	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">U=(−0.14740R−0.28950G+0.43690B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1158	<tr><td align="left" valign="middle">V=(0.61500R−0.51500G−0.10000B)(<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>+1)/2</td></tr>
				1159	</table>
				1160
				1161	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1162	<h4><a name="combine" id="combine"></a>-combine</h4>
				1163	</div>
				1164
				1165	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Combine one or more images into a single image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1166
				1167	<p>The channels (previously set by <a href="#channel">-channel</a>) of the combined image are taken from the grayscale values of each image in the sequence, in order. For the default -channel setting of <kbd>RGB</kbd>, this means the first image is assigned to the <kbd>Red</kbd> channel, the second to the <kbd>Green</kbd> channel, the third to the <kbd>Blue</kbd>.</p>
				1168
				1169	<p>This option can be thought of as the inverse to <a href="#separate">-separate</a>, so long as the channel settings are the same. Thus, in the following example, the final image should be a copy of the original.
				1170	</p>
				1171
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1172	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert original.png -channel RGB -separate sepimage.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert sepimage-0.png sepimage-1.png sepimage-2.png -channel RGB \ <br/> -combine imagecopy.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1173	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1174	<h4><a name="comment" id="comment"></a>-comment <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				1175	</div>
				1176
				1177	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Embed a comment in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1178
				1179	<p>This option places comments in a non-pixel portion of the image file. For a comment to be visibly written on the image itself, use the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> or <a href="#draw">-draw</a> options.</p>
				1180
				1181	<p>Use this option to assign a specific comment to the image, when writing to an image format that supports comments. You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters listed under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option. The comment is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via "Comment" tag or similar mechanism. </p>
				1182
				1183	<p>For example,</p>
				1184
				1185	<p class="crtsnip">
				1186	-comment "%m:%f %wx%h"
				1187	</p>
				1188
				1189	<p>produces an image comment of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				1190
				1191	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image comment is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Comments in a file are literal; no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				1192
				1193	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1194	<h4><a name="compose" id="compose"></a>-compose <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
				1195	</div>
				1196
				1197	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the type of image composition.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1198
				1199	<p>The description of composition uses abstract terminology in order to allow
				1200	the description to be more precise, while avoiding constant values which are
				1201	specific to a particular build configuration. Each image pixel is represented
				1202	by red, green, and blue levels (which are equal for a gray pixel). The
				1203	build-dependent value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> is the maximum integral
				1204	value which may be stored, per pixel, in the red, green, or blue channels of
				1205	the image. Each image pixel may also optionally (if the image matte channel is
				1206	enabled) have an associated level of opacity, ranging from <em>opaque</em> to
				1207	<em>transparent</em>, which may be used to determine the influence of the pixel
				1208	color when compositing the pixel with another image pixel. If the image matte
				1209	channel is disabled, then all pixels in the image are treated as opaque. The
				1210	color of an opaque pixel is fully visible while the color of a transparent
				1211	pixel color is entirely absent (pixel color is ignored).</p>
				1212
				1213	<p>By definition, raster images have a rectangular shape. All image rows are of
				1214	equal length, as are all image columns. By treating the alpha channel as a
				1215	visual "mask" the rectangular image may be given a "shape" by treating the
				1216	alpha channel as a cookie-cutter for the image. This is done by setting the
				1217	pixels within the shape to be opaque, with pixels outside the shape set as
				1218	transparent. Pixels on the boundary of the shape may be between opaque and
				1219	transparent in order to provide antialiasing (visually smooth edges). The
				1220	description of the composition operators use this concept of image "shape" in
				1221	order to make the description of the operators easier to understand. While it
				1222	is convenient to describe the operators in terms of "shapes" they are by no
				1223	means limited to mask-style operations since they are based on continuous
				1224	floating-point mathematics rather than simple boolean operations.</p>
				1225
				1226	<p>The following alpha blending (Duff-Porter) compose methods are available:</p>
				1227
				1228	<table class="doc">
				1229	<tbody>
				1230	<tr valign="top">
				1231	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1232	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1233	</tr>
				1234
				1235	<tr valign="top">
				1236	<td valign="top">clear</td>
				1237	<td valign="top">Both the color and the alpha of the destination are
				1238	cleared. Neither the source nor the destination are used (except for
				1239	destinations size and other meta-data which is always preserved.</td>
				1240	</tr>
				1241
				1242	<tr valign="top">
				1243	<td valign="top">src</td>
				1244	<td valign="top">The source is copied to the destination. The destination
				1245	is not used as input, though it is cleared.</td>
				1246	</tr>
				1247
				1248	<tr valign="top">
				1249	<td valign="top">dst</td>
				1250	<td valign="top">The destination is left untouched. The source image is
				1251	completely ignored.</td>
				1252	</tr>
				1253
				1254	<tr valign="top">
				1255	<td valign="top">src-over</td>
				1256	<td valign="top">The source is composited over the destination. this is
				1257	the default alpha blending compose method, when neither the compose
				1258	setting is set, nor is set in the image meta-data.</td>
				1259	</tr>
				1260
				1261	<tr valign="top">
				1262	<td valign="top">dst-over</td>
				1263	<td valign="top">The destination is composited over the source and the
				1264	result replaces the destination.</td>
				1265	</tr>
				1266
				1267	<tr valign="top">
				1268	<td valign="top">src-in</td>
				1269	<td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination
				1270	replaces the destination.</td>
				1271	</tr>
				1272
				1273	<tr valign="top">
				1274	<td valign="top">dst-in</td>
				1275	<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source
				1276	replaces the destination. Areas not overlaid are cleared.</td>
				1277	</tr>
				1278
				1279	<tr valign="top">
				1280	<td valign="top">src-out</td>
				1281	<td valign="top">The part of the source lying outside of the destination
				1282	replaces the destination.</td>
				1283	</tr>
				1284
				1285	<tr valign="top">
				1286	<td valign="top">dst-out</td>
				1287	<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying outside of the source
				1288	replaces the destination.</td>
				1289	</tr>
				1290
				1291	<tr valign="top">
				1292	<td valign="top">src-atop</td>
				1293	<td valign="top">The part of the source lying inside of the destination is
				1294	composited onto the destination.</td>
				1295	</tr>
				1296
				1297	<tr valign="top">
				1298	<td valign="top">dst-atop</td>
				1299	<td valign="top">The part of the destination lying inside of the source is
				1300	composited over the source and replaces the destination. Areas not
				1301	overlaid are cleared. </td>
				1302	</tr>
				1303
				1304	<tr valign="top">
				1305	<td valign="top">xor</td>
				1306	<td valign="top">The part of the source that lies outside of the
				1307	destination is combined with the part of the destination that lies
				1308	outside of the source. Source or Destination, but not both. </td>
				1309	</tr>
				1310
				1311	</tbody>
				1312	</table>
				1313
				1314	<p>Any of the 'Src-*' methods can also be specified without the 'Src-' part.
				1315	For example the defaul compose method can be specified as just 'Over'.</p>
				1316
				1317
				1318	<p>The following mathemathical composition methods are also available. </p>
				1319
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1320	<table class="doc">
				1321	<tbody>
				1322	<tr valign="top">
				1323	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1324	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1325	</tr>
				1326
				1327	<tr valign="top">
				1328	<td valign="top">multiply</td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1329	<td valign="top">The source is multiplied by the destination and replaces
				1330	the destination. The resultant color is always at least as dark as
				1331	either of the two constituent colors. Multiplying any color with black
				1332	produces black. Multiplying any color with white leaves the original
				1333	color unchanged.</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1334	</tr>
				1335
				1336	<tr valign="top">
				1337	<td valign="top">screen</td>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1338	<td valign="top">The source and destination are complemented and then
				1339	multiplied and then replace the destination. The resultant color is
				1340	always at least as light as either of the two constituent colors.
				1341	Screening any color with white produces white. Screening any color
				1342	with black leaves the original color unchanged.</td>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1343	</tr>
				1344
				1345	<tr valign="top">
				1346	<td valign="top">plus</td>
				1347	<td valign="top">The source is added to the destination and replaces the
				1348	destination. This operator is useful for averaging or a controled
				1349	merger of two images, rather than a direct overlay.</td>
				1350	</tr>
				1351
				1352	<tr valign="top">
				1353	<td valign="top">add</td>
				1354	<td valign="top">As per 'plus' but transparency data is treated as matte
				1355	values. As such any transparent areas in either image remain
				1356	transparent. </td>
				1357	</tr>
				1358
				1359	<tr valign="top">
				1360	<td valign="top">minus</td>
				1361	<td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
				1362	destination image. When transparency is involved, opaque areas is
				1363	subtracted from any destination opaque areas. </td>
				1364	</tr>
				1365
				1366	<tr valign="top">
				1367	<td valign="top">subtract</td>
				1368	<td valign="top">Subtract the colors in the source image from the
				1369	destination image. When transparency is involved transparent areas are
				1370	subtracted, so only the opaque areas in the source remain opaque in
				1371	the destination image. </td>
				1372	</tr>
				1373
				1374	<tr valign="top">
				1375	<td valign="top">difference</td>
				1376	<td valign="top">Subtracts the darker of the two constituent colors from
				1377	the lighter. Painting with white inverts the destination color.
				1378	Painting with black produces no change.</td>
				1379	</tr>
				1380
				1381	<tr valign="top">
				1382	<td valign="top">exclusion</td>
				1383	<td valign="top">Produces an effect similar to that of 'difference', but
				1384	appears as lower contrast. Painting with white inverts the
				1385	destination color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
				1386	</tr>
				1387
				1388	<tr valign="top">
				1389	<td valign="top">darken</td>
				1390	<td valign="top">Selects the darker of the destination and source colors.
				1391	The destination is replaced with the source when the source is darker,
				1392	otherwise it is left unchanged.</td>
				1393	</tr>
				1394
				1395	<tr valign="top">
				1396	<td valign="top">lighten</td>
				1397	<td valign="top">Selects the lighter of the destination and source colors.
				1398	The destination is replaced with the source when the source is
				1399	lighter, otherwise it is left unchanged. </td>
				1400	</tr>
				1401
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1402	</tbody>
				1403	</table>
				1404
				1405	<p>Typically these use the default 'Over' alpha blending when transparencies
				1406	are also involved, except for 'Plus' which uses a 'plus' alpha blending.
				1407	This means the alpha channel is used to not only specify that all
				1408	non-transparent parts of the input image is visible, but also applied color
				1409	channel 'weighting' of the values. This also applied to the lighting
				1410	composition methods below. </p>
				1411
				1412	<p>As of IM v6.6.1-6, if the special '<kbd>Sync</kbd>' flag is not specified
				1413	(enabled by default) with the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting, then
				1414	the above mathematical compositions will nolonger syncronise its actiosn with
				1415	the alpha channel. Instead the math composition will be applied on an
				1416	individual channel basis as defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>.
				1417	this includes the alpha channel. </p>
				1418
				1419	<p>This special usage allows you to perform mathematics between images. </p>
				1420
				1421
				1422	<p>The following lighting composition methods are also available. </p>
				1423
				1424	<table class="doc">
				1425	<tbody>
				1426	<tr valign="top">
				1427	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1428	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1429	</tr>
				1430
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1431	<tr valign="top">
				1432	<td valign="top">linear-dodge</td>
				1433	<td valign="top">This is equivelent to 'Plus' in that the color channels
				1434	are simply added, however it does not 'Plus' the alpha channel, but
				1435	uses the normal 'Over' alpha blending, which transparencies are
				1436	involved. Produces a sort of additive multiply-like result. Added
				1437	ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1438	</tr>
				1439
				1440	<tr valign="top">
				1441	<td valign="top">linear-burn</td>
				1442	<td valign="top">As 'Linear-Dodge', but also subtract one from the result.
				1443	Sort of a additive 'Screen' of the images. Added ImageMagick version
				1444	6.5.4-3. </td>
				1445	</tr>
				1446
				1447	<tr valign="top">
				1448	<td valign="top">color-dodge</td>
				1449	<td valign="top">Brightens the destination color to reflect the source
				1450	color. Painting with black produces no change.</td>
				1451	</tr>
				1452
				1453	<tr valign="top">
				1454	<td valign="top">color-burn</td>
				1455	<td valign="top">Darkens the destination color to reflect the source
				1456	color. Painting with white produces no change. Fixed in ImageMagick
				1457	version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1458	</tr>
				1459
				1460	<tr valign="top">
				1461	<td valign="top">overlay</td>
				1462	<td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the
				1463	destination color. Source colors overlay the destination whilst
				1464	preserving its highlights and shadows. The destination color is not
				1465	replaced, but is mixed with the source color to reflect the lightness
				1466	or darkness of the destination.</td>
				1467	</tr>
				1468
				1469	<tr valign="top">
				1470	<td valign="top">hard-light</td>
				1471	<td valign="top">Multiplies or screens the colors, dependent on the source
				1472	color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination
				1473	is lightened as if it were screened. If the source color is darker
				1474	than 0.5, the destination is darkened, as if it were multiplied. The
				1475	degree of lightening or darkening is proportional to the difference
				1476	between the source color and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5 the
				1477	destination is unchanged. Painting with pure black or white produces
				1478	black or white.</td>
				1479	</tr>
				1480
				1481
				1482	<tr valign="top">
				1483	<td valign="top">linear-light</td>
				1484	<td valign="top">Like 'Hard-Light' but using linear-dodge and linear-burn
				1485	instead. Increases contrast slightly with an impact on the
				1486	foreground's tonal values.</td>
				1487	</tr>
				1488
				1489	<tr valign="top">
				1490	<td valign="top">soft-light</td>
				1491	<td valign="top">Darkens or lightens the colors, dependent on the source
				1492	color value. If the source color is lighter than 0.5, the destination
				1493	is lightened. If the source color is darker than 0.5, the destination
				1494	is darkened, as if it were burned in. The degree of darkening or
				1495	lightening is proportional to the difference between the source color
				1496	and 0.5. If it is equal to 0.5, the destination is unchanged. Painting
				1497	with pure black or white produces a distinctly darker or lighter area,
				1498	but does not result in pure black or white. Fixed in ImageMagick
				1499	version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1500	</tr>
				1501
				1502	<tr valign="top">
				1503	<td valign="top">pegtop-light</td>
				1504	<td valign="top">Almost equivelent to 'Soft-Light', but using a
				1505	continuious mathematical formula rather than two conditionally
				1506	selected formulae. Added ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1507	</tr>
				1508
				1509	<tr valign="top">
				1510	<td valign="top">vivid-light</td>
				1511	<td valign="top">A modified 'Linear-Light' designed to preserve very stong
				1512	primary and secondary colors in the image. Added ImageMagick version
				1513	6.5.4-3. </td>
				1514	</tr>
				1515
				1516	<tr valign="top">
				1517	<td valign="top">pin-light</td>
				1518	<td valign="top">Similar to 'Hard-Light', but using sharp linear shadings,
				1519	to similate the effects of a strong 'pinhole' light source. Added
				1520	ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3. </td>
				1521	</tr>
				1522
				1523	</tbody>
				1524	</table>
				1525
				1526
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1527
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1528	<p>Also included are these special purpose compose methods:</p>
				1529
				1530	<table class="doc">
				1531	<tbody>
				1532	<tr valign="top">
				1533	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1534	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1535	</tr>
				1536
				1537	<tr valign="top">
				1538	<td valign="top">copy-*</td>
				1539	<td valign="top">Copy the specified channel (Red, Green, Blue, Cyan,
				1540	Magenta, Yellow, Black, or Opacity) in the source image to the
				1541	same channel in the destination image. If the channel specified
				1542	does not exist in the source image, (which can only happen for methods,
				1543	'<kbd>copy-opacity</kbd>' or '<kbd>copy-black</kbd>') then it is
				1544	assumed that the source image is a special grayscale channel image
				1545	of the values to be copied. </td>
				1546	</tr>
				1547
				1548	<tr valign="top">
				1549	<td valign="top">change-mask</td>
				1550	<td valign="top">Replace any destination pixel that is the similar to the source images pixel (as defined by the current <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> factor), with transparency. </td>
				1551	</tr>
				1552	</tbody>
				1553	</table>
				1554
				1555	<p>On top of these composed methods are a few special ones that not only require
				1556	the two images that are being merged or overlaid, but have some extra numerical
				1557	arguments, which are tabled below. </p>
				1558
				1559	<p>In the "<code>composite</code>" command these composition methods are
				1560	selected using special options with the arguments needed. They are usually,
				1561	but not always, the same name as the composte 'method' they use, and replaces
				1562	the normal use of the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting in the
				1563	"<code>composite</code>" command. For example... </p>
				1564
				1565	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>composite ... -blend 50x50 ...</span></p>
				1566	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-4 the "<code>convert</code>" command can now also supply
				1567	these extra arguments to its <a href="#composite" >-composite</a> operator,
				1568	using the special <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'. This means you can now make use of
				1569	these special argumented <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> methods, those the
				1570	argument and the method both need to be set separatally. For example... </p>
				1571
				1572	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert ... -compose blend -set option:compose:args 50x50 -composite ...</span></p>
				1573	<p>The following is a table of these special 'argumented' compose methods,
				1574	with a brief summary of what they do. For more details see the equivalent
				1575	"composite" command option name. </p>
				1576
				1577	<table class="doc">
				1578	<tbody>
				1579	<tr valign="top">
				1580	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				1581	<th align="left">Description</th>
				1582	</tr>
				1583
				1584	<tr valign="top">
				1585	<td valign="top">dissolve</td>
				1586	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1587	<em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]
				1588	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#dissolve">-dissolve</a>
				1589	<br>Dissolve the 'source' image by the percentage given before overlaying
				1590	'over' the 'destination' image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em> is
				1591	greater than 100, it starts dissolving the main image so it will
				1592	become transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If
				1593	both percentages are given, each image are dissolved to the
				1594	percentages given.
				1595	</td>
				1596	</tr>
				1597
				1598	<tr valign="top">
				1599	<td valign="top">blend</td>
				1600	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1601	<em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]
				1602	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#blend">-blend</a>
				1603	<br>Average the images together ('plus') according to the percentages
				1604	given and each pixels transparency. If only a single percentage value
				1605	is given it sets the weight of the composite or 'source' image, while
				1606	the background image is weighted by the exact opposite amount. That is
				1607	a <kbd>-blend 30</kbd> merges 30% of the 'source' image with 70% of
				1608	the 'destination' image. Thus it is equivalent to <kbd>-blend
				1609	30x70</kbd>.
				1610	</td>
				1611	</tr>
				1612
				1613	<tr valign="top">
				1614	<td valign="top">mathematics</td>
				1615	<td valign="top">Arguments: <em class="arg">A, B, C, D</em>
				1616	<br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time.
				1617	<br>Merge the source and destination images according to the formula
				1618	<br>     <code>AScDc + BSc + CDc + D</code>
				1619	<br>Can be used to generate a custom composition method that would
				1620	otherwise need to be implemented using the slow <a href="#fx">-fx</a>
				1621	DIY image operator. Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-3.
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1622	<br>As of IM v6.6.1-6 this method will do per-channel math compositions
				1623	if the 'Sync' flag is removed from <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>,
				1624	just like all the other mathematical compostion methods above.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1625	</td>
				1626	</tr>
				1627
				1628	<tr valign="top">
				1629	<td valign="top">modulate</td>
				1630	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1631	<em class="arg">brightness</em>[x<em class="arg">saturation</em>]
				1632	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#watermark">-watermark</a>
				1633	<br>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination
				1634	image's brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and
				1635	the <em class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations
				1636	color saturation attribute is just direct modified by the <em
				1637	class="arg">saturation</em> percentage, which defaults to 100 percent
				1638	(no color change).
				1639
				1640	</td>
				1641	</tr>
				1642
				1643	<tr valign="top">
				1644	<td valign="top">displace</td>
				1645	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1646	<em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em>][!][%]
				1647	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>" <a href="#displace">-displace</a>
				1648	<br>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask'
				1649	image, is used as a relative displacement map, which is used to
				1650	displace the lookup of what part of the destination image is seen at
				1651	each point of the overlaid area. Much like the displacement map is a
				1652	'lens' that distorts the original 'background' image behind it.
				1653	<br><br>
				1654	The X-scale is modilated by the 'red' channel of the overlay image
				1655	while the Y-scale is modulated by the green channel, (the mask image
				1656	if given is rolled into green channel of the overlay image. This
				1657	separation allows you to modulate the X and Y lookup displacement
				1658	separatally allowing you to di 2 dimentional displacements, rather
				1659	than 1 dimentional verctored displacements (using grayscale image).
				1660	<br><br>
				1661	If the overlay image contains transparency this is used as a mask
				1662	of the resulting image to remove 'invalid' pixels.
				1663	<br><br>
				1664	The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				1665	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				1666	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				1667	<br><br>
				1668	Special flags were added Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5.
				1669	</td>
				1670	</tr>
				1671
				1672	<tr valign="top">
				1673	<td valign="top">distort</td>
				1674	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1675	<em class="arg">X-scale</em>[x<em class="arg">Y-scale</em
				1676	>[+<em class="arg">X-center</em>+<em class="arg">Y-center</em>]][!][%]
				1677	<br>Not available in "<code>composite</code>" at this time.
				1678	<br>Exactly as per 'Displace' (above), but using absolute coordinates,
				1679	relative to the center of the overlay (or that given). Basically
				1680	allows you to generate absolute distortion maps where 'black' will
				1681	look up the left/top edge, and 'white' looks up the bottom/right
				1682	edge of the destination image, according to the scale given.
				1683	<br><br>
				1684	The '!' flag not only switches percentage scaling, to use the
				1685	destination image, but also the image the center offset of the lookup.
				1686	This means the overlay can lookup a completely different region of the
				1687	destination image.
				1688	<br><br>
				1689	Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.3-5.
				1690	</td>
				1691	</tr>
				1692
				1693	<tr valign="top">
				1694	<td valign="top">blur</td>
				1695	<td valign="top">Arguments:
				1696	<em class="arg">Width</em>[x<em class="arg">Height</em
				1697	>[+<em class="arg">Angle</em>]]
				1698	<br>Equivalent to "<code>composite</code>"
				1699	<a href="#blur-composite">-blur</a>
				1700	<br>A Variable Blur Mapping Composition method, where each pixel in the
				1701	overlaid region is replaced with an Elliptical Weighted Average (EWA),
				1702	with an ellipse (typically a circle) of the given sigma size, scaled
				1703	according to overlay (source image) grayscale mapping.
				1704	<br><br>
				1705	As per 'Displace' and 'Distort', the red channel will modulate the
				1706	width of the ellipse, while the green channel will modulate the height
				1707	of the ellipse. However at this time the ellipse angle is not
				1708	modulated though this may be a future posibility (perhaps with a
				1709	special flag to enable use of blur channel for this purpose).
				1710	<br><br>
				1711	Added to ImageMagick version 6.5.4-0.
				1712	</td>
				1713	</tr>
				1714
				1715	</tbody>
				1716	</table>
				1717
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1718	<p>To print a complete list of all the available compose operators, use <a
				1719	href="#list">-list compose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1720
				1721
				1722	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1723	<h4><a name="composite" id="composite"></a>-composite</h4>
				1724	</div>
				1725
				1726	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Perform alpha composition on the current image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1727
				1728	<p>Take the first image 'destination' and overlay the second 'source' image
				1729	according to the current <a href="#compose">-compose</a> setting. The location
				1730	of the 'source' or 'overlay' image is controlled according to <a
				1731	href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>, and <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a>
				1732	settings. </p>
				1733
				1734	<p>If a third image is given this is treated as a gray-scale 'mask' image
				1735	relative to the first 'destination' image. This mask will limit what parts of
				1736	the destination can be modified by the image composition. However for the
				1737	'<kbd>displace</kbd>' compose method, the mask is used to provide a separate
				1738	Y-displacement image instead. </p>
				1739
				1740	<p>If a <a href="#compose">-compose</a> method requires extra numerical
				1741	arguments or flags these can be provided by setting the <a
				1742	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:args</kbd>'
				1743	appropriatally for the compose method. </p>
				1744
				1745	<p>Some <a href="#compose">-compose</a> methods can modify the 'destination'
				1746	image outside the overlay area. You can disable this by setting the special <a
				1747	href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd class="arg">option:compose:outside-overlay</kbd>'
				1748	to '<kbd>false</kbd>'. </p>
				1749
				1750
				1751	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1752	<h4><a name="compress" id="compress"></a>-compress <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				1753	</div>
				1754
				1755	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use pixel compression specified by <em class="arg">type</em> when writing the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1756
				1757	<p>Choices are: <kbd class="arg">None</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">BZip</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Fax</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Group4</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">JPEG2000</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">Lossless</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">LZW</kbd>, <kbd class="arg">RLE</kbd> or <kbd class="arg">Zip</kbd>.</p>
				1758
				1759	<p>To print a complete list of compression types, use <a href="#list">-list compress</a>.</p>
				1760
				1761	<p>Specify <a href="#compress">+compress</a> to store the binary image in an uncompressed format. The default is the compression type of the specified image file.</p>
				1762
				1763	<p>If <kbd>LZW</kbd> compression is specified but LZW compression has not been enabled, the image data is written in an uncompressed LZW format that can be read by LZW decoders. This may result in larger-than-expected GIF files.</p>
				1764
				1765	<p><kbd>Lossless</kbd> refers to lossless JPEG, which is only available if the JPEG library has been patched to support it. Use of lossless JPEG is generally not recommended.</p>
				1766
				1767	<p>Use the <a href="#quality">-quality</a> option to set the compression level to be used by JPEG, PNG, MIFF, and MPEG encoders. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to set the sampling factor to be used by JPEG, MPEG, and YUV encoders for down-sampling the chroma channels.</p>
				1768
				1769	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1770	<h4><a name="contrast" id="contrast"></a>-contrast</h4>
				1771	</div>
				1772
				1773	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Enhance or reduce the image contrast.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1774
				1775	<p>This option enhances the intensity differences between the lighter and darker elements of the image. Use <a href="#contrast">-contrast</a> to enhance the image or <a href="#contrast">+contrast</a> to reduce the image contrast.</p>
				1776
				1777	<p>For a more pronounced effect you can repeat the option:</p>
				1778
				1779	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -contrast -contrast rose_c2.png</span></p>
				1780	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1781	<h4><a name="contrast-stretch" id="contrast-stretch"></a>-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-contrast-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				1782	</div>
				1783
				1784	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1785
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1786	<p>While performing the stretch, black-out at most <em
				1787	class="arg" >black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1788	class="arg" >white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most
				1789	<em class="arg" >black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em
				1790	class="arg" >white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1791
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1792	<p>Prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				1793	>-contrast-stretch</a> will black-out at most <em class="arg"
				1794	>black-point</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg" >total pixels
				1795	minus white-point</em> pixels. Or, if percent is used, black-out at most <em
				1796	class="arg">black-point %</em> pixels and white-out at most <em class="arg"
				1797	>100% minus white-point %</em> pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1798
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1799	<p>Note that <kbd>-contrast-stretch 0</kbd> will modify the image such that
				1800	the image's min and max values are stretched to 0 and <em class="QR"
				1801	>QuantumRange</em>, respectively, without any loss of data due to burn-out or
				1802	clipping at either end. This is not the same as <a href="#normalize"
				1803	>-normalize</a>, which is equivalent to <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</kbd> (or
				1804	prior to ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <kbd>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</kbd>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1805
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1806	<p>Internally operator works by creating a histogram bin, and then uses that
				1807	bin to modify the image. As such some colors may be merged together when they
				1808	originally fell into the same 'bin'. </p>
				1809
				1810	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				1811	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
				1812	setting is in use. Specifing any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
				1813	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				1814
				1815	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				1816	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				1817
				1818	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1819
				1820
				1821	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1822	<h4><a name="convolve" id="convolve"></a>-convolve <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
				1823	</div>
				1824
				1825	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Convolve an image with a user-supplied convolution kernel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1826
cristy	16ff93c	2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1827	<p>The <em class="arg">kernel</em> is a matrix specified as
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1828	a comma-separated list of integers (with no spaces), ordered left-to right,
				1829	starting with the top row. Presently, only odd-dimensioned kernels are
				1830	supported, and therefore the number of entries in the specified <em
				1831	class="arg">kernel</em> must be 3<sup>2</sup>=9, 5<sup>2</sup>=25,
				1832	7<sup>2</sup>=49, etc. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1833
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1834	<p>Note that the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#convolve">‑convolve</a> operator supports the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> setting. This option shifts the convolution so that
				1835	positive and negative results are relative to a user-specified bias value.
				1836	This is important for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick when dealing with
				1837	convolutions that contain negative as well as positive values. This is
				1838	especially the case with convolutions involving high pass filters or edge
				1839	detection. Without an output bias, the negative values is clipped at zero.
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1840	</p>
				1841
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1842	<p>When using an ImageMagick with the HDRI compile-time setting, <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#bias">‑bias</a> is not needed, as ImageMagick is able to store/handle any
				1843	negative results without clipping to the color value range (0..QuantumRange).
				1844	See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page <a
				1845	href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High
				1846	Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a
				1847	href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this
				1848	<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a>
				1849	entry. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1850
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1851
				1852	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1853	<h4><a name="crop" id="crop"></a>-crop <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				1854	</div>
				1855
				1856	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Cut out one or more rectangular regions of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1857
				1858	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				1859
				1860	<p>The <em class="arg">width</em> and <em class="arg">height</em> of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument give the size of the image that remains after cropping, and <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> in the <em class="arg">offset</em> (if present) gives the location of the top left corner of the cropped image with respect to the original image. To specify the amount to be removed, use <a href="#shave">-shave</a> instead.</p>
				1861
				1862	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are present, a single image is generated, consisting of the pixels from the cropping region. The offsets specify the location of the upper left corner of the cropping region measured downward and rightward with respect to the upper left corner of the image. If the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, it gives the distance leftward from the right edge of the image to the right edge of the cropping region. Similarly, if the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>, <kbd>South</kbd>, or <kbd>SouthEast</kbd> gravity, the distance is measured upward between the bottom edges.</p>
				1863
				1864	<p>If the <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are omitted, a set of tiles of the specified geometry, covering the entire input image, is generated. The rightmost tiles and the bottom tiles are smaller if the specified geometry extends beyond the dimensions of the input image.</p>
				1865
				1866	<p>By adding a exclamation character flag to the geometry argument, the
				1867	cropped images virtual canvas page size and offset is set as if the
				1868	geometry argument was a viewport or window. This means the canvas page size
				1869	is set to exactly the same size you specified, the image offset set
				1870	relative top left corner of the region cropped. </p>
				1871
				1872	<p>If the cropped image 'missed' the actual image on its virtual canvas, a
				1873	special single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, and a 'crop
				1874	missed' warning given. </p>
				1875
cristy	739df91	2009-10-24 16:10:18 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1876	<p>It might be necessary to <a href="#repage" >+repage</a> the image prior to cropping the image to ensure the crop coordinate frame is relocated to the upper-left corner of the visible image.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1877
				1878	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1879	<h4><a name="cycle" id="cycle"></a>-cycle <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
				1880	</div>
				1881
				1882	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image colormap by amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1883
				1884	<p><em class="arg">Amount</em> defines the number of positions each
				1885	colormap entry is shifted.</p>
				1886
				1887
				1888	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1889	<h4><a name="debug" id="debug"></a>-debug <em class="arg">events</em></h4>
				1890	</div>
				1891
				1892	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>enable debug printout.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1893
				1894	<p>The <kbd>events</kbd> parameter specifies which events are to be logged. It can be either <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>All</kbd>, <kbd>Trace</kbd>, or a comma-separated list consisting of one or more of the following domains: <kbd>Annotate</kbd>, <kbd>Blob</kbd>, <kbd>Cache</kbd>, <kbd>Coder</kbd>, <kbd>Configure</kbd>, <kbd>Deprecate</kbd>, <kbd>Exception</kbd>, <kbd>Locale</kbd>, <kbd>Render</kbd>, <kbd>Resource</kbd>, <kbd>Security</kbd>, <kbd>TemporaryFile</kbd>, <kbd>Transform</kbd>, <kbd>X11</kbd>, or <kbd>User</kbd>. </p>
				1895
				1896
				1897	<p>For example, to log cache and blob events, use.</p>
				1898
				1899	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug "Cache,Blob" rose: rose.png</span></p>
				1900	<p>The <kbd>User</kbd> domain is normally empty, but developers can log user events in their private copy of ImageMagick.</p>
				1901
				1902	<p>To print the complete list of debug methods, use <a href="#list">-list debug</a>.</p>
				1903
				1904	<p>Use the <a href="#log">-log</a> option to specify the format for debugging output.</p>
				1905
				1906	<p>Use <a href="#debug">+debug</a> to turn off all logging.</p>
				1907
				1908	<p>Debugging may also be set using the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variable</a>. The allowed values for the <kbd>MAGICK_DEBUG</kbd> environment variable are the same as for the <a href="#debug">-debug</a> option.</p>
				1909
				1910
				1911	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1912	<h4><a name="decipher" id="decipher"></a>-decipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				1913	</div>
				1914
				1915	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Decipher and restore pixels that were previously transformed by <a href="#encipher">-encipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1916
				1917	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				1918
				1919	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				1920
				1921
				1922	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1923	<h4><a name="deconstruct" id="deconstruct"></a>-deconstruct</h4>
				1924	</div>
				1925
				1926	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>find areas that has changed between images </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1927
				1928	<p>Given a sequence of images all the same size, such as produced by <a href="#coalesce">-coalesce</a>, replace the second and later images, with a smaller image of just the area that changed relative to the previous image. </p>
				1929
				1930	<p>The resulting sequence of images can be used to optimize an animation sequence, though will not work correctly for GIF animations when parts of the animation can go from opaque to transparent. </p>
				1931
				1932	<p>This option is actually equivalent to the <a href="#layers">-layers</a> method '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>'. </p>
				1933
				1934
				1935	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1936	<h4><a name="define" id="define"></a>-define <em class="arg">key</em>{<em class="arg">=value</em>}<em class="arg">...</em></h4>
				1937	</div>
				1938
				1939	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add coder/decoder specific options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1940
				1941	<p>This option creates one or more definitions for coders and decoders to use while reading and writing image data. Definitions may be passed to coders and decoders to control options that are specific to certain image formats. If <em class="arg">value</em> is missing for a definition, an empty-valued definition of a flag is created with that name. This used to control on/off options. Use <a href="#define">+define key</a> to remove definitions previously created. Use <a href="#define">+define "*"</a> to remove all existing definitions.</p>
				1942
				1943	<p>The following definitions may be created:</p>
				1944
				1945	<ul>
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1946	<dt>dcm:display-range=reset</dt>
				1947	<dd>Set the display range to the minimum and maximum pixel values for the DCM image format.</dd><br />
				1948	<dt>dot:layout-engine=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1949	<dd>Set the specify the layout engine for the DOT image format (e.g. <kbd>neato</kbd>).</dd><br />
				1950	<dt>jpeg:extent=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1951	<dd>Restrict the maximum JPEG file size, for example <kbd>-define jpeg:extent=400kb</kbd>.</dd><br />
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1952	<dt>jpeg:size=<em class="arg">geometry</em></dt>
cristy	48dd1af	2009-10-02 01:21:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1953	<dd>Set the size hint of a JPEG image, for example, -define jpeg:size=128x128. It is most useful for increasing performance and reducing the memory requirements when reducing the size of a large JPEG image.</dd><br />
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1954	<dt>jp2:rate=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1955	<dd>Specify the compression factor to use while writing JPEG-2000 files. The compression factor is the reciprocal of the compression ratio. The valid range is 0.0 to 1.0, with 1.0 indicating lossless compression. If defined, this value overrides the -quality setting. A quality setting of 75 results in a rate value of 0.06641.</dd><br />
				1956	<dt>mng:need-cacheoff</dt>
				1957	<dd>turn playback caching off for streaming MNG.</dd><br />
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1958	<dt>png:bit-depth=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
				1959	<dt>png:color-type=<em class="arg">value</em></dt>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1960	<dd>desired bit-depth and color-type for PNG output. You can force the PNG encoder to use a different bit-depth and color-type than it would have normally selected, but only if this does not cause any loss of image quality. Any attempt to reduce image quality is treated as an error and no PNG file is written. E.g., if you have a 1-bit black-and-white image, you can use these "defines" to cause it to be written as an 8-bit grayscale, indexed, or even a 64-bit RGBA. But if you have a 16-million color image, you cannot force it to be written as a grayscale or indexed PNG. If you wish to do this, you must use the appropriate <a href="#depth">-depth</a>, <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, or <a href="#type">-type</a> directives to reduce the image quality prior to using the PNG encoder. Note that in indexed PNG files, "bit-depth" refers to the number of bits per index, which can range from 1 to 8. In such files, the color samples always have 8-bit depth.</dd><br />
				1961	<dt>ps:imagemask</dt>
cristy	045bd90	2010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1962	<dd>If the ps:imagemask flag is defined, the PS3 and EPS3 coders will create Postscript files that render bilevel images with the Postscript imagemask operator instead of the image operator.</dd><br />
				1963	<dt>quantum:format=<em class="arg">type</em></dt>
				1964	<dd>Set the type to <kbd>floating-point</kbd> to specify a single precision floating-point format for raw files (e.g. GRAY:).</dd>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	1965	</ul>
				1966
				1967	<p>For example, to create a postscript file that will render only the black pixels of a bilevel image, use:</p>
				1968
				1969	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bilevel.tif -define ps:imagemask eps3:stencil.ps</span></p>
				1970	<p>Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>. For example, to set a temporary path to put work files, use:</p>
				1971
				1972	<p class="crtsnip">
				1973	-define registry:temporary-path=/data/tmp
				1974	</p>
				1975
				1976	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1977	<h4><a name="delay" id="delay"></a>-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em> <br />-delay <em class="arg">ticks</em>x<em class="arg">ticks-per-second</em> {<em class="arg"><</em>} {<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
				1978	</div>
				1979
				1980	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display the next image after pausing.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1981
				1982	<p>This option is useful for regulating the animation of image sequences <em>ticks/ticks-per-second</em> seconds must expire before the display of the next image. The default is no delay between each showing of the image sequence. The default ticks-per-second is 100.</p>
				1983
				1984	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to change the image delay <em>only</em> if its current value exceeds the given delay. <kbd><</kbd> changes the image delay <em>only</em> if current value is less than the given delay. For example, if you specify <kbd>30></kbd> and the image delay is 20, the image delay does not change. However, if the image delay is 40 or 50, the delay it is changed to 30. Enclose the given delay in quotation marks to prevent the <kbd><</kbd> or <kbd>></kbd> from being interpreted by your shell as a file redirection.</p>
				1985
				1986
				1987	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1988	<h4><a name="delete" id="delete"></a>-delete <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
				1989	</div>
				1990
				1991	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>delete the image, specified by its index, from the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				1992
				1993	<p>Specify the image by its index in the sequence. The first image is index 0. Negative indexes are relative to the end of the sequence, for example, -1 represents the last image of the sequence. Specify a range of images with a dash (e.g. 0-4). Separate indexes with a comma (e.g. 0,2). Use <kbd>+delete</kbd> to delete the last image in the current image sequence.</p>
				1994
				1995
				1996	<div style="margin: auto;">
				1997	<h4><a name="density" id="density"></a>-density <em class="arg">width</em><br />-density <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em></h4>
				1998	</div>
				1999
				2000	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the horizontal and vertical resolution of an image for rendering to devices.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2001
				2002	<p>This option specifies the image resolution to store while encoding a raster image or the canvas resolution while rendering (reading) vector formats such as Postscript, PDF, WMF, and SVG into a raster image. Image resolution provides the unit of measure to apply when rendering to an output device or raster image. The default unit of measure is in dots per inch (DPI). The <a href="#units">-units</a> option may be used to select dots per centimeter instead.</p>
				2003
				2004	<p>The default resolution is 72 dots per inch, which is equivalent to one point per pixel (Macintosh and Postscript standard). Computer screens are normally 72 or 96 dots per inch, while printers typically support 150, 300, 600, or 1200 dots per inch. To determine the resolution of your display, use a ruler to measure the width of your screen in inches, and divide by the number of horizontal pixels (1024 on a 1024x768 display).</p>
				2005
				2006	<p>If the file format supports it, this option may be used to update the stored image resolution. Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile is not stripped from the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				2007
				2008	<p>The <a href="#density">-density</a> option sets an <em>attribute</em> and does not alter the underlying raster image. It may be used to adjust the rendered size for desktop publishing purposes by adjusting the scale applied to the pixels. To resize the image so that it is the same size at a different resolution, use the <a href="#resample">-resample</a> option.</p>
				2009
				2010	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2011	<h4><a name="depth" id="depth"></a>-depth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				2012	</div>
				2013
				2014	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>depth of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2015
				2016	<p>This the number of bits in a color sample within a pixel. Use this option to specify the depth of raw images whose depth is unknown such as GRAY, RGB, or CMYK, or to change the depth of any image after it has been read.</p>
				2017
				2018	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2019	<h4><a name="descend" id="descend"></a>-descend</h4>
				2020	</div>
				2021
				2022	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>obtain image by descending window hierarchy.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2023
				2024	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2025	<h4><a name="deskew" id="deskew"></a>-deskew <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				2026	</div>
				2027
				2028	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>straighten an image. A threshold of 40% works for most images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2029
				2030	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> <kbd>option:deskew:auto-crop <em>width</em></kbd> to auto crop the image. The set argument is the pixel width of the image background (e.g 40).</p>
				2031
				2032	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2033	<h4><a name="despeckle" id="despeckle"></a>-despeckle</h4>
				2034	</div>
				2035
				2036	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the speckles within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2037
				2038	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2039	<h4><a name="direction" id="direction"></a>-direction <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2040	</div>
				2041
				2042	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render text right-to-left or left-to-right.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2043
				2044	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2045	<h4><a name="displace" id="displace"></a>-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em><br />-displace <em class="arg">horizontal-scale</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-scale</em></h4>
				2046	</div>
				2047
				2048	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shift image pixels as defined by a displacement map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2049
				2050	<p>With this option, the 'overlay' image, and optionally the 'mask' image,
				2051	will be used as a displacement map, which is used to displace the lookup of
				2052	what part of the 'background' image is seen at each point of the overlaid
				2053	area. Much like the displacement map is a 'lens' that redirects light shining
				2054	through it so as to present a distorted view the original 'background' image
				2055	behind it. </p>
				2056
				2057	<p>Any perfect grey areas of the displacement map produce a zero
				2058	displacement of the image. Black areas produce the given maximum negative
				2059	displacement of the lookup point, while white produce a maximum positive
				2060	displacement of the lookup. </p>
				2061
				2062	<p>Note that it is the lookup of the 'background' that is displaced, not a
				2063	displacement of the image itself. As such an area of the displacement map
				2064	containing 'white' will have the lookup point 'shifted' by a positive amount,
				2065	and thus generating a copy of the destination image to the right/downward from
				2066	the correct position. That is the image will look like it may have been
				2067	'shifted' in a negative left/upward direction. Understanding this is a very
				2068	important in understanding how displacement maps work. </p>
				2069
				2070	<p>The given arguments define the maximum amount of displacement in pixels
				2071	that a particular map can produce. If the displacement scale is large enough
				2072	it is also posible to lookup parts of the 'background' image that lie well
				2073	outside the bounds of the displacement map itself. That is you could very
				2074	easilly copy a section of the original image from outside the overlay area
				2075	into the overlay area. </p>
				2076
				2077	<p>The '%' flag makes the displacement scale relative to the size of the
				2078	overlay image (100% = half width/height of image). Using '!' switches
				2079	percentage arguments to refer to the destination image size instead.
				2080	these flags were added as of IM v6.5.3-5.</p>
				2081
				2082	<p>Normally a single grayscale displacement map is provided, which with the
				2083	given scaling values will determine a single direction (vector) in which
				2084	displacements can occur (positivally or negativally). However, if you also
				2085	specify a third image which is normally used as a <em class="arg">mask</em>,
				2086	then the <em class="arg">composite image</em> will be used for horizontal X
				2087	displacement, while the <em class="arg">mask image</em> is used for vertical Y
				2088	displacement. This allows you to define completely different displacement
				2089	values for the X and Y directions, and allowing you to lookup any point within
				2090	the <em class="arg">scale</em> bounds. In other words each pixel can lookup
				2091	any other nearby pixel, producing complex 2 dimentional displacements, rather
				2092	than a simple 1 dimentional vector displacements. </p>
				2093
				2094	<p>Alternativally rather than suppling two separate images, as of IM v6.4.4-0,
				2095	you can use the 'red' channel of the overlay image to specify the horizontal
				2096	or X displacement, and the 'green' channel for the vertical or Y displacement.
				2097	</p>
				2098
				2099	<p>As of IM v6.5.3-5 any alpha channel in the overlay image will be used as a
				2100	mask the transparency of the destination image. However areas outside the
				2101	overlaid areas will not be effected. </p>
				2102
				2103
				2104	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2105	<h4><a name="display" id="display"></a>-display <em class="arg">host:display[.screen]</em></h4>
				2106	</div>
				2107
				2108	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies the X server to contact.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2109
				2110	<p>This option is used with convert for obtaining image or font from this X server. See <em class="arg">X(1)</em>.</p>
				2111
				2112	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2113	<h4><a name="dispose" id="dispose"></a>-dispose <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				2114	</div>
				2115
				2116	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>define the GIF disposal image setting for images that are being created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2117
				2118	<p>The layer disposal method defines the way each the displayed image is to be
				2119	modified after the current 'frame' of an animation has finished being
				2120	displayed (after its 'delay' period), but before the next frame on an
				2121	animation is to be overlaid onto the display. </p>
				2122
				2123	<p>Here are the valid methods:</p>
				2124
				2125	<pre class="text">
				2126	Undefined 0 No disposal specified (equivalent to '<kbd>none</kbd>').
				2127	None 1 Do not dispose, just overlay next frame image.
				2128	Background 2 Clear the frame area with the background color.
				2129	Previous 3 Clear to the image prior to this frames overlay.
				2130	</pre>
				2131
				2132	<p>You can also use the numbers given above, which is what the GIF format
				2133	uses internally to represent the above settings. </p>
				2134
				2135	<p>To print a complete list of dispose methods, use <a href="#list">-list dipose</a>.</p>
				2136
				2137	<p>Use <a href="#dispose" >+dispose</a>, turn off the setting and prevent
				2138	resetting the layer disposal methods of images being read in. </p>
				2139
				2140	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>dispose</kbd>' method to set the image
				2141	disposal method for images already in memory.</p>
				2142
				2143	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2144	<h4><a name="dissimilarity-threshold" id="dissimilarity-threshold"></a>-dissimilarity-threshold <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				2145	</div>
				2146
				2147	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>maximum RMSE for subimage match (default 0.2).</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/compare.html">compare</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2148
				2149
				2150	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2151	<h4><a name="dissolve" id="dissolve"></a>-dissolve <em class="arg">src_percent</em>[x<em class="arg">dst_percent</em>]</h4>
				2152	</div>
				2153
				2154	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dissolve an image into another by the given percent.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				2155
				2156	<p>The opacity of the composite image is multiplied by the given percent, then
				2157	it is composited 'over' the main image. If <em class="arg">src_percent</em>
				2158	is greater than 100, start dissolving the main image so it will become
				2159	transparent at a value of '<kbd class="arg">200</kbd>'. If both percentages
				2160	are given, each image are dissolved to the percentages given. </p>
				2161
				2162	<p>Note that dissolve percentages do not add, two opaque images dissolved
				2163	'50,50', produce a 75% transparency. For a 50% + 50% blending of the two
				2164	images, you would need to use dissolve values of '50,100'. </p>
				2165
				2166	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2167	<h4><a name="distort" id="distort"></a>-distort <em class="arg">method arguments</em></h4>
				2168	</div>
				2169
				2170	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>distort an image, using the given <em class="arg">method</em> and its required <em class="arg">arguments</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2171
				2172	<p>The <em class="arg">arguments</em> is a single string containing a list
				2173	of floating point numbers separated by commas or spaces. The number of
				2174	and meaning of the floating point values depends on the distortion <em
				2175	class="arg">method</em> being used. </p>
				2176
				2177	<p>Choose from these distortion types:</p>
				2178
				2179	<table class="doc">
				2180	<tr valign="top">
				2181	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				2182	<th align="left">Description</th>
				2183	</tr>
				2184
				2185	<tr valign="top">
				2186	<td valign="top"><kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>
				2187	<br/>or   <kbd>SRT</kbd></td>
				2188	<td valign="top">
				2189	Distort image by first scaling and rotating about a given 'center',
				2190	before translating that 'center' to the new location, in that order. It
				2191	is an alternative method of specifying a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' type of
				2192	distortion, but without shearing effects. It also provides a good way
				2193	of rotating and displacing a smaller image for tiling onto a larger
				2194	background (IE 2-dimensional animations). <br/>
				2195
				2196	The number of arguments determine the specific meaning of each
				2197	argument for the scales, rotation, and translation operations. <br/>
				2198
				2199	<table style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">
				2200	<tr><td>#  </td><td>arguments meaning</td></tr>
				2201	<tr><td>1:</td><td><em>Angle_of_Rotation</em></td></tr>
				2202	<tr><td>2:</td><td><em>Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2203	<tr><td>3:</td><td><em>ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2204	<tr><td>4:</td><td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2205	<tr><td>5:</td>
				2206	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle</em></td></tr>
				2207	<tr><td>6:</td>
				2208	<td><em>X,Y   Scale   Angle   NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2209	<tr><td>7:</td>
				2210	<td><em>X,Y   ScaleX,ScaleY   Angle
				2211	NewX,NewY</em></td></tr>
				2212	</table>
				2213
				2214	This is actually an alternative way of specifing a 2 dimensional linear
				2215	'<kbd>Affine</kbd>' or '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' distortion. </td> </tr>
				2216
				2217	<tr valign="top">
				2218	<td valign="top"><kbd>Affine</kbd></td>
				2219	<td valign="top">
				2220	Distort the image linearly by moving a list of at least 3 or more sets
				2221	of control points (as defined below). Idealy 3 sets or 12 floating
				2222	point values are given allowing the image to be linearly scaled,
				2223	rotated, sheared, and translated, according to those three points. See
				2224	also the related '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>'
				2225	distortions. <br/>
				2226
				2227	More than 3 sets given control point pairs (12 numbers) is least
				2228	squares fitted to best match a lineary affine distortion. If only 2
				2229	control point pairs (8 numbers) are given a two point image translation
				2230	rotation and scaling is performed, without any posible shearing,
				2231	flipping or changes in aspect ratio to the resulting image. If only one
				2232	control point pair is provides the image is only translated, (which may
				2233	be a floating point non-integer translation). <br/>
				2234
				2235	This distortion does not include any form of perspective distortion.
				2236	</td>
				2237
				2238	</tr>
				2239
				2240	<tr valign="top">
				2241	<td valign="top"><kbd>AffineProjection</kbd></td>
				2242	<td valign="top">
				2243	Linearly distort an image using the given Affine Matrix of 6
				2244	pre-calculated coefficients forming a set of Affine Equations to map
				2245	the source image to the destination image.
				2246
				2247	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2248	s<sub>x</sub>, r<sub>x</sub>,
				2249	r<sub>y</sub>, s<sub>y</sub>,
				2250	t<sub>x</sub>, t<sub>y</sub>
				2251	</em></div>
				2252
				2253	See <a href="#affine" >-affine</a> setting for more detail, and
				2254	meanings of these coefficients. <br/>
				2255
				2256	The distortions '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' and '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' provide
				2257	alternative methods of defining this distortion, with ImageMagick doing the
				2258	calculations needed to generate the required coefficients. You can see
				2259	the internally generated coefficients, by using a <a href="#verbose"
				2260	>-verbose</a> setting. </td>
				2261
				2262	</tr>
				2263
				2264	<!-- still under development, do not display - Anthony
				2265	<tr valign="top">
				2266	<td valign="top"><kbd>Bilinear</kbd></td>
				2267	<td valign="top">
				2268	Bilinear (reversed) Distortion, given a minimum of 4 sets of
				2269	coordinate pairs, or 16 values (see below). Not that lines may not
				2270	appear straight after distortion, though the distance between
				2271	coordinates will remain consistant. </td>
				2272	</tr>
				2273	-->
				2274
				2275	<tr valign="top">
				2276	<td valign="top"><kbd>Perspective</kbd></td>
				2277	<td valign="top">
				2278	Perspective distort the images, using a list of 4 or more sets of
				2279	control points (as defined below). More that 4 sets (16 numbers) of
				2280	control points provide least squares fitting for more accurate
				2281	distortions (for the purposes of image registration and panarama
				2282	effects). Less than 4 sets will fall back to a '<kbd>Affine</kbd>'
				2283	linear distortion. <br/>
				2284
				2285	Perspective Distorted images ensures that straight lines remain
				2286	straight, but the scale of the distorted image will vary. The horizon
				2287	is anti-aliased, and the 'sky' color may be set using the
				2288	<a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting. </td>
				2289	</tr>
				2290
				2291	<tr valign="top">
				2292	<td valign="top"><kbd>PerspectiveProjection</kbd>  </td>
				2293	<td valign="top">
				2294	Do a '<kbd>Perspective</kbd>' distortion basied on a set of 8
				2295	pre-calculated coefficients. You can get these coefficients by looking
				2296	at the <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> output of a
				2297	'<kbd>Prespective</kbd>' distortion, or by calculating them yourself.
				2298	If the last two perspective scaling coefficients are zero, the
				2299	remaining 6 represents a transposed 'Affine Matrix'. </td>
				2300
				2301	</tr>
				2302
				2303	<tr valign="top">
				2304	<td valign="top"><kbd>Arc</kbd></td>
				2305	<td valign="top">
				2306	Arc the image (variation of polar mapping) over the angle given around
				2307	a circle. <br/>
				2308	<table width="90%" style = "margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				2309	<tr valign="top"><td>Argument</td>
				2310	<td>Meaning</td></tr>
				2311	<tr valign="top"><td><em>arc_angle</em></td>
				2312	<td>The angle over which to arc the image side-to-side</td></tr>
				2313	<tr valign="top"><td><em>rotate_angle</em></td>
				2314	<td>Angle to rotate resulting image from vertical center</td></tr>
				2315	<tr valign="top"><td><em>top_radius</em></td>
				2316	<td>Set top edge of source image at this radius</td></tr>
				2317	<tr valign="top"><td><em>bottom_radius</em> </td>
				2318	<td>Set bottom edge to this radius (radial scaling)</td></tr>
				2319	</table>
				2320
				2321	The resulting image is always resized to best fit the resulting image,
				2322	(as if using <a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) while attempting to
				2323	preserve scale and aspect ratio of the original image as much as
				2324	possible with the arguments given by the user. All four arguments will
				2325	be needed to change the overall aspect ratio of an 'Arc'ed image. <br/>
				2326
				2327	This a variation of a polar distortion designed to try to preserve the
				2328	aspect ratio of the image rather than direct Cartesian to Polar
				2329	conversion. </td>
				2330	</tr>
				2331
				2332	<tr valign="top">
				2333	<td valign="top"><kbd>Polar</kbd></td>
				2334	<td valign="top">
				2335	Like '<kbd>Arc</kbd>' but do a complete Cartesian to Polar mapping of
				2336	the image. that is the height of the input image is mapped to the
				2337	radius limits, while the width is wrapped around between the
				2338	angle limits. <br/>
				2339
				2340	Arguments: <em>Rmax,Rmin CenterX,CenterY, start,end_angle</em> <br/>
				2341
				2342	All arguments are optional. With <em>Rmin</em> defaulting to zero, the
				2343	center to the center of the image, and the angles going from -180 (top)
				2344	to +180 (top). If <em>Rmax</em> is given the special value of
				2345	'<code>0</code>', the the distance from the center to the nearest edge
				2346	is used for the radius of the output image, which will ensure the whole
				2347	image is visible (though scaled smaller). However a special value of
				2348	'<code>-1</code>' will use the distance from the center to the furthest
				2349	corner, This may 'clip' the corners from the input rectangular image,
				2350	but will generate the exact reverse of a '<kbd>DePolar</kbd>' with
				2351	the same arguments. <br/>
				2352
				2353	If the plus form of distort (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) is used
				2354	output image center will default to <code>0,0</code> of the virtual
				2355	canvas, and the image size adjusted to ensure the whole input image is
				2356	made visible in the output image on the virtual canvas. </td>
				2357
				2358	</tr>
				2359
				2360	<tr valign="top">
				2361	<td valign="top"><kbd>DePolar</kbd></td>
				2362	<td valign="top">
				2363	Uses the same arguments and meanings as a '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' distortion
				2364	but generates the reverse Polar to Cartesian distortion. <br/>
				2365
				2366	The special <em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>0</code>' may however clip
				2367	the corners of the input image. However using the special
				2368	<em>Rmax</em> setting of '<code>-1</code>' (maximum center to corner
				2369	distance) will ensure the whole distorted image is preserved in the
				2370	generated result, so that the same argument to '<kbd>Polar</kbd>' will
				2371	reverse the distortion re-producing the original.
				2372
				2373	Note that as this distortion requires the area resampling of a circular
				2374	arc, which can not be handled by the builtin EWA resampling function.
				2375	As such the normal EWA filters are turned off. It is recomended some
				2376	form of 'super-sampling' image processing technique be used to produce
				2377	a high quality result. </td>
				2378
				2379	</tr>
				2380
				2381	<tr valign="top">
				2382	<td valign="top"><kbd>Barrel</kbd></td>
				2383	<td valign="top">
				2384	Given the four coefficients (A,B,C,D) as defined by <a
				2385	href="http://www.all-in-one.ee/~dersch/barrel/barrel.html" >Helmut
				2386	Dersch</a>, perform a barrell or pincussion distortion appropriate to
				2387	correct radial lens distortions. That is in photographs, make straight
				2388	lines straight again. <br/>
				2389
				2390	Arguments: <em>A   B   C</em>   [ <em>D</em>   [
				2391	<em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] ] <br/>
				2392	or <em>A<sub>x</sub> B<sub>x</sub> C<sub>x</sub> D<sub>x</sub>
				2393	A<sub>y</sub> B<sub>y</sub> C<sub>y</sub> D<sub>y</sub></em>
				2394	[ <em>X</em> , <em>Y</em> ] <br/>
				2395	So that it forms the function <br/>
				2396	Rsrc = r * ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2397	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )<br/>
				2398
				2399	Where <em>X</em>,<em>Y</em> is the optional center of the distortion
				2400	(defaulting to the center of the image). <br/>
				2401	The second form is typically used to distort images, rather than
				2402	correct lens distortions. <br/>
				2403	</td>
				2404
				2405	</tr>
				2406
				2407	<tr valign="top">
				2408	<td valign="top"><kbd>BarrelInverse</kbd></td>
				2409	<td valign="top">
				2410	This is very simular to '<kbd>Barrel</kbd>' with the same set of
				2411	arguments, and argument handling. However it uses the inverse
				2412	of the radial polynomial,
				2413	so that it forms the function <br/>
				2414	Rsrc = r / ( <em>A</em>r<sup>3</sup> + <em>B</em>r<sup>2</sup> +
				2415	<em>C</em>*r + <em>D</em> )
				2416	</td>
				2417	</tr>
				2418
				2419	<tr valign="top">
				2420	<td valign="top"><kbd>Shepards</kbd></td>
				2421	<td valign="top">
				2422	Distort the given list control points (any number) using an Inverse
				2423	Squared Distance Interpolation Method (<a
				2424	href="http://www.ems-i.com/smshelp/Data_Module/Interpolation/Inverse_Distance_Weighted.htm"
				2425	>Shepards Method</a>). The control points in effect do 'localized'
				2426	distortions of the image around the given control point. For best
				2427	results extra control points should be added to 'lock' the positions of
				2428	the corners and other unchanging parts of the image. <br/>
				2429
				2430	The distortion has been likened to 'taffy pulling' using nails, pins or
				2431	sticks. It basically uses the <a href="#sparse-color"
				2432	>-sparse-color</a> method of the same name to generate separate X and Y
				2433	displacement maps (see <a href="#displace" >-displace</a>) for source
				2434	image color look-up. </td>
				2435
				2436	</tr>
				2437
				2438	</table>
				2439
				2440	<p>To print a complete list of distortion methods, use <a href="#list">-list distort</a>.</p>
				2441
				2442	<p>Many of the above distortion methods such as '<kbd>Affine</kbd>',
				2443	'<kbd>Perspective</kbd>', and '<kbd>Shepards</kbd>' use a list control points
				2444	defining how these points in the given image should be distorted in the
				2445	destination image. Each set of four floating point values represent a source
				2446	image coordinate, followed immediately by the destination image coordinate.
				2447	This produces a list of values such as...</p>
				2448	<div style="text-align: center"><em>
				2449	U<sub>1</sub>,V<sub>1</sub> X<sub>1</sub>,Y<sub>1</sub>
				2450	U<sub>2</sub>,V<sub>2</sub> X<sub>2</sub>,Y<sub>2</sub>
				2451	U<sub>3</sub>,V<sub>3</sub> X<sub>3</sub>,Y<sub>3</sub>
				2452	...
				2453	U<sub>n</sub>,V<sub>n</sub> X<sub>n</sub>,Y<sub>n</sub>
				2454	</em></div>
				2455	<p>where <em>U,V</em> on the source image is mapped to <em>X,Y</em> on the
				2456	destination image. </p>
				2457
				2458	<p>For example, to warp an image using '<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion,
				2459	needs a list of at least 4 sets of coordinates, or 16 numbers. Here is the
				2460	perspective distortion of the built-in "rose:" image. Note how spaces were
				2461	used to group the 4 sets of coordinate pairs, to make it easier to read and
				2462	understand.</p>
				2463
				2464	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>
				2465	convert rose: -virtual-pixel black \ <br/>
				2466	-distort Perspective '0,0,0,0 0,45,0,45 69,0,60,10 69,45,60,35' \ <br/>
				2467	rose_3d_rotated.gif</span></p>
				2468	<p>If more that the required number of coordinate pairs are given for a
				2469	distortion, the distortion method is 'least squares' fitted to
				2470	produce the best result for all the coordinate pairs given. If less than the
				2471	ideal number of points are given, the distort will generally fall back to a
				2472	simpler form of distortion that can handles the smaller number of coordinates
				2473	(usally a linear '<kbd>Affine</kbd>' distortion). </p>
				2474
				2475	<p>By using more coodinates you can make use of image registration tool to
				2476	find matching coordinate pairs in overlaping images, so as to improve the 'fit'
				2477	of the distortion. Of course a bad coordinate pair can also make the 'fit'
				2478	worse. Caution is always advised. </p>
				2479
				2480	<p>Colors are acquired from the source image according to the <a
				2481	href="#interpolate" >-interpolate</a> color lookup setting, when the image is
				2482	magnified. However if the viewed image is minified (image becomes smaller), a
				2483	special area resampling function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9), is used to
				2484	produce a higher quality image. For example you can use a
				2485	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion to view a infinitely tiled 'plane' all the
				2486	way to the horizon. </p>
				2487
				2488	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 90x90 pattern:checkerboard -normalize -virtual-pixel tile \ <br/>
				2489	-distort perspective '0,0,5,45 89,0,45,46 0,89,0,89 89,89,89,89' \ <br/>
				2490	checks_tiled.jpg</span></p>
				2491	<p>Note that a infinitely tiled perspective images involving the horizon can
				2492	be very slow to generate due to the use of the high quality 'area resampling'
				2493	function (added ImageMagick v6.3.5-9). You can turn off 'area resampling'
				2494	using a <a href="#filter" >-filter</a> setting of '<kbd>point</kbd>'
				2495	(recommended if you plan to use super-sampling instead). </p>
				2496
				2497	<p>If an image generates <i>invalid pixels</i>, such as the 'sky' in the last
				2498	'<kbd>perspective</kbd>' distortion example, <a href="#distort" >-distort</a>
				2499	will use the current <a href="#mattecolor" >-mattecolor</a> setting for these
				2500	pixels. If you do not what these pixels to be visible, set the color to match
				2501	the rest of the ground. </p>
				2502
				2503	<p>The output image size will by default be the same as the input image. This
				2504	means that if the part of the distorted image falls outside the viewed area of
				2505	the 'distorted space', those parts is clipped and lost. However if you
				2506	use the plus form of the operator (<a href="#distort" >+distort</a>) the
				2507	operator will attempt (if posible) to show the whole of the distorted image,
				2508	while retaining a correct 'virtual canvas' offset, for image layering. This
				2509	offset may need to be removed using <a href="#repage" >+repage</a>, to remove
				2510	if it is unwanted. </p>
				2511
				2512	<p>You can alternatively specify a special "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a>
				2513	option:distort:viewport {geometry_string}</kbd>" setting which will specify
				2514	the size and the offset of the generated 'viewport' image of the distorted
				2515	image space.</p>
				2516
				2517	<p>Adding a "<kbd><a href="#set" >-set</a> option:distort:scale
				2518	{scale_factor}</kbd>" will scale the output image (viewport or otherwise) by
				2519	that factor without changing the viewed contents of the distorted image. This
				2520	can be used either for 'super-sampling' the image for a higher quality result,
				2521	or for panning and zooming around the image (with appropriate viewport
				2522	changes, or post-distort cropping and resizing). </p>
				2523
				2524	<p>Setting <a href="#verbose" >-verbose</a> setting, will cause <a
				2525	href="#distort" >-distort</a> to attempt to output the internal coefficients,
				2526	and the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> equivalent to the distortion, for expert study,
				2527	and debugging purposes. This many not be available for all distorts. </p>
				2528
				2529	<p>Affine rotations and shears (such as '<kbd>SRT</kbd>' distortion), tend to
				2530	produce a cleaner result that the equivalent <a href="#rotate" >-rotate</a>
				2531	and/or <a href="#shear" >-shear</a> operation, with more control of due to the
				2532	above settings. It is algorithmically slower, though in ImageMagick it may be faster.
				2533	</p>
				2534
				2535
				2536	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2537	<h4><a name="dither" id="dither"></a>-dither <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				2538	</div>
				2539
				2540	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a Riemersma or Floyd-Steinberg error diffusion dither to images when general color reduction is applied via an option, or automagically when saving to specific formats. This enabled by default. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2541
				2542	<p>Dithering places two or more colors in neighbouring pixels so that to the eye a closer approximation of the images original color is reproduced. This reduces the number of colors needed to reproduce the image but at the cost of a lower level pattern of colors. Error diffusion dithers can use any set of colors (generated or user defined) to an image. </p>
				2543
				2544	<p>Dithering is turned on by default, to turn it off use the plus form of the
				2545	setting, <a href="#dither">+dither</a>. This will also also render PostScript
				2546	without text or graphic aliasing. Disabling dithering often (but not always)
				2547	leads to faster process, a smaller number of colors, but more cartoon like
				2548	image coloring. Generally resulting in 'color banding' effects in areas with
				2549	color gradients. </p>
				2550
				2551	<p>The color reduction operators <a href="#colors">-colors</a>, <a
				2552	href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a>, <a href="#remap ">-remap</a>, and <a href="#posterize">-posterize</a>, apply dithering to images using the reduced color set they created. These operators are also used as part of automatic color reduction when saving images to formats with limited color support, such as <kbd>GIF:</kbd>, <kbd>XBM:</kbd>, and others, so dithering may also be used in these cases. </p>
				2553
				2554	<p>Alternatively you can use <a href="#random-threshold">-random-threshold</a> to generate purely random dither. Or use <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to apply threshold mapped dither patterns, using uniform color maps, rather than specific color maps. </p>
				2555
				2556
				2557	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2558	<h4><a name="draw" id="draw"></a>-draw <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				2559	</div>
				2560
				2561	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2562
				2563	<p>Use this option to annotate or decorate an image with one or more graphic primitives. The primitives include shapes, text, transformations, and pixel operations.</p>
				2564
				2565	<p>The shape primitives:</p>
				2566
				2567	<pre class="text">
				2568	point x,y
				2569	line x0,y0 x1,y1
				2570	rectangle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2571	roundRectangle x0,y0 x1,y1 wc,hc
				2572	arc x0,y0 x1,y1 a0,a1
				2573	ellipse x0,y0 rx,ry a0,a1
				2574	circle x0,y0 x1,y1
				2575	polyline x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2576	polygon x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2577	bezier x0,y0 ... xn,yn
				2578	path path specification
				2579	image operator x0,y0 w,h filename
				2580	</pre>
				2581
				2582	<p>The text primitive:</p>
				2583
				2584	<pre class="text">
				2585	text x0,y0 string
				2586	</pre>
				2587	<p>The text gravity primitive:</p>
				2588
				2589	<pre class="text">
				2590	gravity NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center,
				2591	East, SouthWest, South, or SouthEast
				2592	</pre>
				2593
				2594	<p>The text gravity primitive only affects the placement of text and does not interact with the other primitives. It is equivalent to using the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> command-line option, except that it is limited in scope to the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option in which it appears.</p>
				2595
				2596	<p>The transformation primitives:</p>
				2597
				2598	<pre class="text">
				2599	rotate degrees
				2600	translate dx,dy
				2601	scale sx,sy
				2602	skewX degrees
				2603	skewY degrees
				2604	</pre>
				2605
				2606	<p>The pixel operation primitives:</p>
				2607
				2608	<pre class="text">
				2609	color x0,y0 method
				2610	matte x0,y0 method
				2611	</pre>
				2612
				2613	<p>The shape primitives are drawn in the color specified by the preceding <a href="#fill">-fill</a> setting. For unfilled shapes, use <a href="#fill">-fill none</a>. You can optionally control the stroke (the "outline" of a shape) with the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> and <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a> settings.</p>
				2614
				2615	<p>A <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is specified by a single <em>point</em> in the pixel plane, that is, by an ordered pair of integer coordinates, <em>x</em>,<em>y</em>. (As it involves only a single pixel, a <kbd>point</kbd> primitive is not affected by <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> or <a href="#strokewidth">-strokewidth</a>.)</p>
				2616
				2617	<p>A <kbd>line</kbd> primitive requires a start point and end point.</p>
				2618
				2619	<p>A <kbd>rectangle</kbd> primitive is specified by the pair of points at the upper left and lower right corners.</p>
				2620
				2621	<p>A <kbd>roundRectangle</kbd> primitive takes the same corner points as a <kbd>rectangle</kbd> followed by the width and height of the rounded corners to be removed.</p>
				2622
				2623	<p>The <kbd>circle</kbd> primitive makes a disk (filled) or circle (unfilled). Give the center and any point on the perimeter (boundary).</p>
				2624
				2625	<p>The <kbd>arc</kbd> primitive is used to inscribe an elliptical segment in to a given rectangle. An <kbd>arc</kbd> requires the two corners used for <kbd>rectangle</kbd> (see above) followed by the start and end angles of the arc of the segment segment (e.g. 130,30 200,100 45,90). The start and end points produced are then joined with a line segment and the resulting segment of an ellipse is filled.</p>
				2626
				2627	<p>Use <kbd>ellipse</kbd> to draw a partial (or whole) ellipse. Give the center point, the horizontal and vertical "radii" (the <em>semi-axes</em> of the ellipse) and start and end angles in degrees (e.g. 100,100 100,150 0,360).</p>
				2628
				2629	<p>The <kbd>polyline</kbd> and <kbd>polygon</kbd> primitives require three or more points to define their perimeters. A <kbd>polyline</kbd> is simply a <kbd>polygon</kbd> in which the final point is not stroked to the start point. When unfilled, this is a <em>polygonal line</em>. If the <a href="#stroke">-stroke</a> setting is <kbd>none</kbd> (the default), then a <kbd>polyline</kbd> is identical to a <kbd>polygon</kbd>.
				2630	</p>
				2631
				2632	<p>A <em>coordinate</em> is a pair of integers separated by a space or optional comma. </p>
				2633
				2634	<p>As an example, to define a circle centered at 100,100 that extends to 150,150 use:</p>
				2635
				2636	<p class="crtsnip">
				2637	-draw 'circle 100,100 150,150'
				2638	</p>
				2639
				2640	<p>The <kbd>Bezier</kbd> primitive creates a spline curve and requires three or points to define its shape. The first and last points are the <em>knots</em> and these points are attained by the curve, while any intermediate coordinates are <em>control points</em>. If two control points are specified, the line between each end knot and its sequentially respective control point determines the tangent direction of the curve at that end. If one control point is specified, the lines from the end knots to the one control point determines the tangent directions of the curve at each end. If more than two control points are specified, then the additional control points act in combination to determine the intermediate shape of the curve. In order to
				2641	draw complex curves, it is highly recommended either to use the <kbd>path</kbd> primitive or to draw multiple four-point bezier segments with the start and end knots of each successive segment repeated. For example:</p>
				2642
				2643	<p class="crtsnip">
				2644	-draw 'bezier 20,50 45,100 45,0 70,50'
				2645	</p>
				2646	<p class="crtsnip">
				2647	-draw 'bezier 70,50 95,100 95,0 120,50'
				2648	</p>
				2649
				2650
				2651	<p>A <kbd>path</kbd> represents an outline of an object, defined in terms of moveto (set a new current point), lineto (draw a straight line), curveto (draw a Bezier curve), arc (elliptical or circular arc) and closepath (close the current shape by drawing a line to the last moveto) elements. Compound paths (i.e., a path with subpaths, each consisting of a single moveto followed by one or more line or curve operations) are possible to allow effects such as <em>donut holes</em> in objects. (See <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/paths.html">Paths</a>.)</p>
				2652
				2653	<p>Use <kbd>image</kbd> to composite an image with another image. Follow the image keyword with the composite operator, image location, image size, and filename:</p>
				2654
				2655	<p class="crtsnip">
				2656	-draw 'image SrcOver 100,100 225,225 image.jpg'
				2657	</p>
				2658
				2659	<p>You can use 0,0 for the image size, which means to use the actual dimensions found in the image header. Otherwise, it is scaled to the given dimensions. See <a href="#compose">-compose</a> for a description of the composite operators.</p>
				2660
				2661	<p>Use <kbd>text</kbd> to annotate an image with text. Follow the text coordinates with a string. If the string has embedded spaces, enclose it in single or double quotes.</p>
				2662
				2663	<p>For example, the following annotates the image with <kbd>Works like magick!</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd>. </p>
				2664
				2665	<p class="crtsnip">
				2666	-draw 'text 100,100 "Works like magick!"'
				2667	</p>
				2668
				2669	<p>See the <a href="#annotate">-annotate</a> option for another convenient way to annotate an image with text.</p>
				2670
				2671	<p>The <kbd>rotate</kbd> primitive rotates subsequent shape primitives and text primitives about the origin of the main image. If the <a href="#region">-region</a> option precedes the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, the origin for transformations is the upper left corner of the region.</p>
				2672
				2673	<p>The <kbd>translate</kbd> primitive translates subsequent shape and text primitives.</p>
				2674
				2675	<p>The <kbd>scale</kbd> primitive scales them.</p>
				2676
				2677	<p>The <kbd>skewX</kbd> and <kbd>skewY</kbd> primitives skew them with respect to the origin of the main image or the region.</p>
				2678
				2679	<p>The transformations modify the current affine matrix, which is initialized from the initial affine matrix defined by the <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. Transformations are cumulative within the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option. The initial affine matrix is not affected; that matrix is only changed by the appearance of another <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option. If another <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option appears, the current affine matrix is reinitialized from the initial affine
				2680	matrix.</p>
				2681
				2682	<p>Use the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive to change the color of a pixel to the fill color (see <a href="#fill">-fill</a>). Follow the pixel coordinate with a method:</p>
				2683
				2684	<pre class="text">
				2685	point
				2686	replace
				2687	floodfill
				2688	filltoborder
				2689	reset
				2690	</pre>
				2691
				2692	<p>Consider the target pixel as that specified by your coordinate. The <kbd>point</kbd> method recolors the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> recolors any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> recolors any neighbor pixel that is not the border color. Finally, <kbd>reset</kbd> recolors all pixels.</p>
				2693
				2694	<p>Use <kbd>matte</kbd> to the change the pixel matte value to transparent. Follow the pixel coordinate with a method (see the <kbd>color</kbd> primitive for a description of methods). The <kbd>point</kbd> method changes the matte value of the target pixel. The <kbd>replace</kbd> method changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel. <kbd>Floodfill</kbd> changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor, whereas <kbd>filltoborder</kbd> changes the matte value of any neighbor pixel that is not the border color (<a href="#bordercolor">-bordercolor</a>). Finally <kbd>reset</kbd> changes the matte value of all pixels.</p>
				2695
				2696	<p>You can set the primitive color, font, and font bounding box color with <a href="#fill">-fill</a>, <a href="#font">-font</a>, and <a href="#box">-box</a> respectively. Options are processed in command line order so be sure to use these options <em>before</em> the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option.</p>
				2697
				2698	<p>Strings that begin with a number must be quoted (e.g. use '1.png' rather than 1.png).</p>
				2699
				2700	<p>Drawing primitives conform to the <a href="../www/magick-vector-graphics.html">Magick Vector Graphics</a> format.</p>
				2701
				2702
				2703	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2704	<h4><a name="edge" id="edge"></a>-edge <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				2705	</div>
				2706
				2707	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect edges within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2708
				2709	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2710	<h4><a name="emboss" id="emboss"></a>-emboss <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				2711	</div>
				2712
				2713	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>emboss an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2714
				2715	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2716	<h4><a name="encipher" id="encipher"></a>-encipher <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				2717	</div>
				2718
				2719	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Encipher pixels for later deciphering by <a href="#decipher">-decipher</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2720
				2721	<p>Get the passphrase from the file specified by <em class="arg">filename</em>.</p>
				2722
				2723	<p>For more information, see the webpage, <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/www/cipher.html">ImageMagick: Encipher or Decipher an Image</a>.</p>
				2724
				2725	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2726	<h4><a name="encoding" id="encoding"></a>-encoding <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2727	</div>
				2728
				2729	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the text encoding.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2730
				2731	<p>Choose from <kbd>AdobeCustom</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeExpert</kbd>, <kbd>AdobeStandard</kbd>, <kbd>AppleRoman</kbd>, <kbd>BIG5</kbd>, <kbd>GB2312</kbd>, <kbd>Latin 2</kbd>, <kbd>None</kbd>, <kbd>SJIScode</kbd>, <kbd>Symbol</kbd>, <kbd>Unicode</kbd>, <kbd>Wansung</kbd>.</p>
				2732
				2733	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2734	<h4><a name="endian" id="endian"></a>-endian <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2735	</div>
				2736
				2737	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify endianness (<kbd>MSB</kbd> or <kbd>LSB</kbd>) of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2738
				2739	<p>To print a complete list of endian types, use the <a href="#list">-list endian</a> option.</p>
				2740
				2741	<p>Use <a href="#endian">+endian</a> to revert to unspecified endianness.</p>
				2742
				2743
				2744	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2745	<h4><a name="enhance" id="enhance"></a>-enhance</h4>
				2746	</div>
				2747
				2748	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2749
				2750
				2751	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2752	<h4><a name="equalize" id="equalize"></a>-equalize</h4>
				2753	</div>
				2754
				2755	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform histogram equalization on the image channel-by-channel.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2756
				2757	<p>To perform histogram equalization on all channels in concert, transform the image into some other color space, such as HSL, OHTA, YIQ or YUV, then equalize the appropriate intensity-like channel, then convert back to RGB.</p>
				2758
				2759	<p>For example using HSL, we have: ... <kbd>-colorspace HSL -channel lightness -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2760
				2761	<p>For YIQ, YUV and OHTA use the red channel. For example, OHTA is a principal components transformation that puts most of the information in the first channel. Here we have ... <kbd>-colorspace OHTA -channel red -equalize -colorspace RGB</kbd> ...</p>
				2762
				2763	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2764	<h4><a name="evaluate" id="evaluate"></a>-evaluate <em class="arg">operator value</em></h4>
				2765	</div>
				2766
				2767	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2768
				2769	<p>(See the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator for some multi-parameter functions. See the <a href="#fx" >-fx</a> operator if more elaborate calculations are needed.)</p>
				2770
				2771	<p>The behaviors of each <em class="arg">operator</em> are summarized in the following list. For brevity, the numerical value of a "pixel" referred to below is the value of the corresponding channel of that pixel, while a "normalized pixel" is that number divided by the maximum (installation-dependent) value <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. (If normalized pixels are used, they are restored, following the other calculations, to the full range by multiplying by <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.)</p>
				2772
				2773	<table class="doc">
				2774	<col width="25%" />
				2775	<col width="75%" />
				2776	<thead>
				2777	<tr>
				2778	<th><em class="arg">operator</em></th>
				2779	<th>Summary (see further below for details)</th>
				2780	</tr>
				2781	</thead>
				2782	<tbody>
				2783
				2784	<tr><td>Add </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels. </td></tr>
				2785	<tr><td>AddModulus </td> <td>Add <em class="arg">value</em> to pixels modulo <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</td></tr>
				2786	<tr><td>And </td> <td>Binary AND of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2787	<tr><td>Cos, Cosine </td> <td>Apply cosine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2788	<tr><td>Divide </td> <td>Divide pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2789	<tr><td>LeftShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values left by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., multiply pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2790	<tr><td>Log </td> <td>Apply scaled logarithm to normalized pixels.</td></tr>
				2791	<tr><td>Max </td> <td>Clip pixels at lower bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2792	<tr><td>Mean </td> <td>Add the <em class="arg">value</em> and divide by 2.</td></tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2793	<tr><td>Min </td> <td>Clip pixels at upper bound <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2794	<tr><td>Multiply </td> <td>Multiply pixels by <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2795	<tr><td>Or </td> <td>Binary OR of pixels with <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2796	<tr><td>Pow </td> <td>Raise normalized pixels to the power <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2797	<tr><td>RightShift </td> <td>Shift the pixel values right by <em class="arg">value</em> bits (i.e., divide pixels by 2<sup><em class="arg">value</em></sup>).</td></tr>
				2798	<tr><td>Set </td> <td>Set pixel equal to <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2799	<tr><td>Sin, Sine </td> <td>Apply sine to pixels with frequency <em class="arg">value</em> with 50% bias added.</td></tr>
				2800	<tr><td>Subtract </td> <td>Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> from pixels.</td></tr>
				2801	<tr><td>Xor </td> <td>Binary XOR of pixels with <em class="arg">value.</em></td></tr>
				2802
				2803	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2804
				2805	<tr><td>Gaussian-noise</td></tr>
				2806	<tr><td>Impulse-noise</td></tr>
				2807	<tr><td>Laplacian-noise</td></tr>
				2808	<tr><td>Multiplicative-noise</td> <td>(These are equivalent to the corresponding <a href="#noise" >-noise</a> operators.)</td></tr>
				2809	<tr><td>PoissonNoise</td></tr>
				2810	<tr><td>Uniform-noise</td></tr>
				2811
				2812	<tr><td> </td></tr>
				2813
				2814	<tr><td>Threshold </td> <td>Threshold pixels larger than <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2815	<tr><td>ThresholdBlack </td> <td>Threshold pixels to zero values equal to or below <em class="arg">value</em>.</td></tr>
				2816	<tr><td>ThresholdWhite </td> <td>Threshold pixels to maximum values above <em class="arg">value</em>. </td></tr>
				2817	</tbody>
				2818	</table>
				2819
				2820	<p>The specified functions are applied only to each previously set <a
				2821	href="#channel" >-channel</a> in the image. If necessary, the results of the
				2822	calculations are truncated (clipped) to fit in the interval [0, <em
				2823	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. The transparency channel of the image is
				2824	represented as a 'alpha' values (0 = fully transparent), so, for example, a
				2825	<kbd>Divide</kbd> by 2 of the alpha channel will make the image
				2826	semi-transparent. Append the percent symbol '<kbd>%</kbd>' to specify a value
				2827	as a percentage of the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.</p>
				2828
				2829	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operators, use
				2830	<a href="#list">-list evaluate</a>.</p>
				2831
				2832	<p>The results of the <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Subtract</kbd> and
				2833	<kbd>Multiply</kbd> methods can also be achieved using either the <a
				2834	href="#level" >-level</a> or the <a href="#level" >+level</a> operator, with
				2835	appropriate argument, to linearly modify the overall range of color values.
				2836	Please note, however, that <a href="#level" >-level</a> treats transparency as
				2837	'matte' values (0 = opaque), while <a href="#level" >-evaluate</a> works with
				2838	'alpha' values.</p>
				2839
				2840	<p><kbd>AddModulus</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.8-4 and provides addition modulo the <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>. It is therefore equivalent to <kbd>Add</kbd> unless the resulting pixel value is outside the interval [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>]. </p>
				2841
				2842	<p><kbd>Log</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.2-1 and works on normalized pixel values. This a <em>scaled</em> log function. The <em class="arg">value</em> used with <kbd>Log</kbd> provides a <em>scaling factor</em> that adjusts the curvature in the graph of the log function. The formula applied to a normalized value <b><em>u</em></b> is below. </p>
				2843
				2844	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2845	log(<em class="arg">value</em> × <b><em>u</em></b> + 1) / log(<em class="arg">value</em> + 1)
				2846	</div>
				2847
				2848	<p><kbd>Pow</kbd> has been added as of ImageMagick 6.4.1-9, and works on
				2849	normalized pixel values. Note that <kbd>Pow</kbd> is related to the <a
				2850	href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> operator. For example, <b>-gamma 2</b> is equivalent
				2851	to <b>-evaluate pow 0.5</b>, i.e., a 'square root' function. The value used
				2852	with <a href="#gamma" >-gamma</a> is simply the reciprocal of the value used
				2853	with <kbd>Pow</kbd>.</p>
				2854
				2855	<p><kbd>Cosine</kbd> and <kbd>Sine</kbd> was added as of IM v6.4.8-8 and
				2856	converts the image values into a value according to a (co)sine wave function.
				2857	The synonyms <kbd>Cos</kbd> and <kbd>Sin</kbd> may also be used. The output
				2858	is biased 50% and normalized by 50% so as to fit in the respective color value
				2859	range. The <em class="arg">value</em> scaling of the <em>period</em> of the
				2860	function (its frequency), and thus determines the number of 'waves' that will
				2861	be generated over the input color range. For example, if the <em
				2862	class="arg">value</em> is 1, the effective period is simply the <em
				2863	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>; but if the <em class="arg">value</em> is 2,
				2864	then the effective period is the <em>half</em> the <em
				2865	class="QR">QuantumRange</em>.
				2866
				2867	<div style="text-align:center;">
				2868	0.5 + 0.5 × cos(2 π <b><em>u</em></b> × <em class="arg">value</em>).
				2869	</div>
				2870
				2871	See also the <a href="#function" >-function</a> operator, which is a
				2872	multi-value version of evaluate. </P>
				2873
cristy	63fed27	2010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2874	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2875	<h4><a name="evaluate-sequence" id="evaluate-sequence"></a>-evaluate-sequence <em class="arg">operator</em></h4>
				2876	</div>
				2877
				2878	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Alter channel pixels by evaluating an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression over a sequence of images.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2879
				2880	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2881	<h4><a name="extent" id="extent"></a>-extent <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				2882	</div>
				2883
				2884	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the image size and offset.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2885
cristy	3e2860c	2010-01-24 01:36:30 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2886	<p>If the image is enlarged, unfilled areas are set to the background color. To position the image, use offsets in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> specification or precede with a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting. To specify how to compose the image with the background, use <a href="#compose" >-compose</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2887
				2888	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2889
				2890	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2891	<h4><a name="extract" id="extract"></a>-extract <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				2892	</div>
				2893
				2894	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Extract the specified area from image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2895
				2896	<p>This option is most useful for extracting a subregion of a very large raw image. Note that these two commands are equivalent:</p>
				2897
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2898	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480+1280+960 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 'image.rgb[640x480+1280+960]' \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p><p>If you omit the offsets, as in</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2899
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2900	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -extract 640x480 \ <br/> image.rgb image.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2901	<p>then the image will be <em>resized</em> to the specified dimensions instead,
				2902	equivalent to:</p>
				2903
				2904	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -size 16000x16000 -depth 8 -resize 640x480 image.rgb image.png</span></p>
				2905	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				2906
				2907	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2908	<h4><a name="family" id="family"></a>-family <em class="arg">fontFamily</em></h4>
				2909	</div>
				2910
				2911	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font family for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2912
				2913	<p>This setting suggests a font family that ImageMagick should try to use for rendering text. If the family can be found it is used; if not, a default font (e.g., "Arial") or a family known to be similar is substituted (e.g., "Courier" might be used if "System" is requested but not found).
				2914	</p>
				2915
				2916	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>.
				2917	</p>
				2918
				2919	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	7396d88	2010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2920	<h4><a name="features" id="features"></a>-features <em class="arg">distance</em></h4>
				2921	</div>
				2922
				2923	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>display features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2924
				2925	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2926	<h4><a name="fft" id="fft"></a>-fft</h4>
				2927	</div>
				2928
				2929	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2930
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2931	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms an image from the normal (spatial) domain to the frequency domain. In the frequency domain, an image is represented as a superposition of complex sinusoidal waves of varying amplitudes. The image x and y coordinates are the possible frequencies along the x and y directions, respectively, and the pixel intensity values are complex numbers that correspond to the sinusoidal wave amplitudes. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform" target="_blank">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT" target="_blank">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT" target="_blank">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	2932
				2933	<p>A single image name is provided as output for this option. However, the output result will have two components. It will be either a two-frame image or two separate images, depending upon whether the image format specified supports multi-frame images. The reason that we get a dual output result is because the frequency domain represents an image using complex numbers, which cannot be visualized directly. Therefore, the complex values are automagically separated into a two-component image representation. The first component is the magnitude of the complex number and the second is the phase of the complex number. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complex_numbers" target="_blank">Complex Numbers</a>.<p>
				2934
				2935	<p>The magnitude and phase component images must be specified using image formats that do not limit the color or compress the image. Thus, MIFF, TIF, PFM, EXR and PNG are the recommended image formats to use. All of these formats, except PNG support multi-frame images. So for example,</p>
				2936
				2937	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.miff</span></p>
				2938	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[0]</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image.miff[1]</kbd>. Similarly,</p>
				2939
				2940	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -fft fft_image.png</span></p>
				2941	<p>generates a magnitude image as <kbd>fft_image-0.png</kbd> and a phase image as <kbd>fft_image-1.png</kbd>. If you prefer this representation, then you can force any of the other formats to produce two output images by including <a href="#adjoin">+adjoin</a> following -fft in the command line.</p>
				2942
				2943	<p>The input image can be any size, but if not square and even-dimensioned, it will be padded automagically to the larger of the width or height of the input image and to an even number of pixels. The padding will occur at the bottom and/or right sides of the input image. The resulting output magnitude and phase images will be square at this size. The kind of padding relies on the <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting.</p>
				2944
				2945	<p>Both output components will have dynamic ranges that fit within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>], so that HDRI need not be enabled. Phase values nominally range from 0 to 2*π, but for non-HDRI compilations of ImageMagick, the phase image is scaled to span the full dynamic range. The magnitude image is not scaled and thus generally will contain very small values. As such, the image normally will appear totally black. In order to view any detail, the magnitude image typically is enhanced with a log function into what is usually called the spectrum. A log function is used to enhance the darker values more in comparison to the lighter values. This can be done, for example, as follows:</p>
				2946
				2947	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff[0] -contrast-stretch 0 \ <br />
				2948	-evaluate log 1000 fft_image_spectrum.png</span></p>
				2949	<p>where the <a href="#contrast-stretch">-contrast-stretch</a> 0 is used to scale the image to full dynamic range, first. The argument to the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> log typically is specified between 100 and 10,000, depending upon the amount of detail that one wants to bring out in the spectrum. Larger values produce more visible detail. Too much detail, however, may hide the important features.</p>
				2950
				2951	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/" target="_blank">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#fft">-fft</a>.
				2952
				2953	<p>Use <a href="#fft">+fft</a> to produce two output images that are the real and imaginary components of the complex valued Fourier transform.</p>
				2954
				2955	<p>However, as the real and imaginary components can contain negative values, this requires that IM be configured with HDRI enabled. In this case, you must use either MIFF, TIF or PFM formats for the real and imaginary component results, since they are formats that preserve both negative and fractional values without clipping them or truncating the fractional part.</p>
				2956
				2957	<p>The real and imaginary component images resulting from <a href="#fft">+fft</a> also will be square, even dimensioned images due to the same padding that was discussed above for the magnitude and phase component images.</a>
				2958
				2959	<p>See the discussion on HDRI implementations of ImageMagick on the page
				2960	<a href="/www/high-dynamic-range.html">High Dynamic-Range Images</a>. For more about HDRI go the ImageMagick <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/basics/#hdri">Usage</a> pages or this <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_dynamic_range_imaging">Wikipedia</a> entry.
				2961	</p>
				2962
				2963
				2964	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2965	<h4><a name="fill" id="fill"></a>-fill <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				2966	</div>
				2967
				2968	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when filling a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2969
				2970	<p>This option accepts a color name, a hex color, or a numerical RGB, RGBA, HSL, HSLA, CMYK, or CMYKA specification. See <a href="../www/color.html">Color Names</a> for a description of how to properly specify the color argument.</p>
				2971
				2972	<p>Enclose the color specification in quotation marks to prevent the "#" or the parentheses from being interpreted by your shell.</p>
				2973
				2974	<p>For example,</p>
				2975
				2976	<p class="crtsnip">
				2977	-fill blue
				2978	</p>
				2979	<p class="crtsnip">
				2980	-fill "#ddddff"
				2981	</p>
				2982	<p class="crtsnip">
				2983	-fill "rgb(255,255,255)"
				2984	</p>
				2985
				2986	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				2987
				2988	<p>To print a complete list of color names, use the <a href="#list">-list color</a> option.</p>
				2989
				2990	<div style="margin: auto;">
				2991	<h4><a name="filter" id="filter"></a>-filter <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				2992	</div>
				2993
				2994	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Use this <em class="arg">type</em> of filter when resizing an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				2995
				2996	<p>Use this option to affect the resizing operation of an image (see <a
				2997	href="#resize">-resize</a>). For example you can use a simple resize filter
				2998	such as:</p>
				2999
				3000	<pre class="text">
				3001	Point Hermite Cubic
				3002	Box Gaussian Catrom
				3003	Triangle Quadratic Mitchell
				3004	</pre>
				3005
				3006	<p>The <kbd>Bessel</kbd> and <kbd>Sinc</kbd> filter is also provided, but are
				3007	by default <kbd>blackman</kbd>-windowed. However these filters define a
				3008	windowing filter for the Sinc or Bessel filter function, as appropriate for
				3009	the scaling operator used (usally Sinc for orthogonal <a href="#resize"
				3010	>-resize</a>). Windowed filters include: </p>
				3011
				3012	<pre class="text">
				3013	Lanczos Hamming Parzen
				3014	Blackman Kaiser Welsh
				3015	Hanning Bartlett Bohman
				3016	</pre>
				3017
				3018	<p>Also one special self-windowing filter is also provided
				3019	<kbd>Lagrange</kbd>, which will automagically re-adjust its function depending
				3020	on the current 'support' or 'lobes' expert settings (see below).</p>
				3021
				3022	<p>If you do not select a filter with this option, the filter defaults to <kbd>Mitchell</kbd> for a colormapped image, a image with a matte channel, or if the image is enlarged. Otherwise the filter default to <kbd>Lanczos</kbd>.</p>
				3023
				3024	<p>To print a complete list of resize filters, use the <a href="#list">-list filter</a> option.</p>
				3025
				3026	<p>You can modify how the filter behaves as it scales your image through the
				3027	use of these expert settings:</p>
				3028
				3029	<dl class="doc">
				3030	<dt>-set filter:blur <em>factor</em></dt>
				3031	<dd>Scale the X axis of the filter (and its window). Use > 1.0 for
				3032	blurry or < 1.0 for sharp.</dd>
				3033
				3034	<dt>-set filter:support <em>radius</em></dt>
				3035	<dd>Set the filter support radius.</dd>
				3036
				3037	<dt>-set filter:lobes <em>count</em></dt>
				3038	<dd>Set the number of lobes to use for the Sinc/Bessel filter. This an
				3039	alternative way of specifying the 'support' range of the filter.</dd>
				3040
				3041	<dt>-set filter:b <em>b-spline_factor</em></dt>
				3042	<dt>-set filter:c <em>keys_alpha_factor</em></dt>
				3043	<dd>Redefine the values used for cubic filters such as <kbd>Cubic</kbd>,
				3044	<kbd>Catrom</kbd>, <kbd>Mitchel</kbd>, and <kbd>Hermite</kbd>, as well as
				3045	the <kbd>Parzen</kbd> Sinc windowing function. If only one of the values
				3046	are defined, the other is set so as to generate a 'Keys' type cubic
				3047	filter.
				3048
				3049	<dt>-set filter:filter <em>filter</em></dt>
				3050	<dd>Use this function directly as the scaling filter. This will allow
				3051	you to directly use a 'windowing filter' such as <kbd>blackman</kbd>,
				3052	rather than as its normal usage as a windowing function for 'Sinc' or
				3053	'Bessel'. If defined, no windowing function is used, unless the following
				3054	expert setting is also defined.</dd>
				3055
				3056	<dt>-set filter:window <em>filter</em></dt>
				3057	<dd>The IIR (infinite impulse response) filters <kbd>bessel</kbd> and
				3058	<kbd>sinc</kbd> are windowed (brought down to zero over the defined
				3059	support range) with the given filter. This allows you to use a filter that
				3060	is not normally used as a windowing function, such as <kbd>box</kbd>,
				3061	(which effectivally turns off the windowing function). </dd>
				3062
				3063	</dl>
				3064
				3065	<p>For example, to get a 8 lobe Lanczos-Bessel filter:</p>
				3066
				3067	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -filter bessel \ <br/>
				3068	-set filter:window=bessel -set filter:lobes=8 \ <br/>
				3069	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3070	<p>Or a raw un-windowed Sinc filter with 4 lobes:</p>
				3071
				3072	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set filter:filter=sinc -set filter:lobes=4 \ <br/>
				3073	-resize 150% image.jpg</span></p>
				3074	<p>Note that the use of expert options (except for 'blur' with simple resize
				3075	filters), are provided for image processing experts who have studied and
				3076	understood how resize filters work. Without this knowledge, and an
				3077	understanding of the defination of the actual filters involved, using expert
				3078	settings are more likely to be detremental to your image resizing.</p>
				3079
				3080
				3081	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3082	<h4><a name="flatten" id="flatten"></a>-flatten</h4>
				3083	</div>
				3084
				3085	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>This is a simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "flatten".</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3086
				3087
				3088	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3089	<h4><a name="flip" id="flip"></a>-flip</h4>
				3090	</div>
				3091
				3092	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3093
				3094	<p>reflect the scanlines in the vertical direction.</p>
				3095
				3096	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3097	<h4><a name="floodfill" id="floodfill"></a>-floodfill {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3098	</div>
				3099
				3100	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>floodfill the image with color at the specified offset. Using <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> to floodfill pixels which only change by a small amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3101
				3102	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3103	<h4><a name="flop" id="flop"></a>-flop</h4>
				3104	</div>
				3105
				3106	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>create a <em>mirror image</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3107
				3108	<p>reflect the scanlines in the horizontal direction.</p>
				3109
				3110
				3111	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3112	<h4><a name="font" id="font"></a>-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				3113	</div>
				3114
				3115	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the font to use when annotating images with text, or creating labels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3116
				3117	<p>To print a complete list of fonts, use the <a href="#list">-list font</a> option (for versions prior to 6.3.6, use 'type' instead of 'font').</p>
				3118
				3119	<p>In addition to the fonts specified by the above pre-defined list, you can
				3120	also specify a font from a specific source. For example <kbd>Arial.ttf</kbd>
				3121	is a TrueType font file, <kbd>ps:helvetica</kbd> is PostScript font, and
				3122	<kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is X11 font.</p>
				3123
				3124	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				3125
				3126
				3127	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3128	<h4><a name="foreground" id="foreground"></a>-foreground <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3129	</div>
				3130
				3131	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Define the foreground color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3132
				3133	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				3134
				3135	<p>The default foreground color is black.</p>
				3136
				3137	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3138	<h4><a name="format" id="format"></a>-format <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3139	</div>
				3140
				3141	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image format type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3142
				3143	<p>When used with the <kbd>mogrify</kbd> utility, this option converts any image to the image <a href="/www/formats.html">format</a> you specify. For a list of image format types supported by ImageMagick, use <a href="#list">-list format</a>.</p>
				3144
				3145	<p>By default the file is written to its original name. However, if the filename extension matches a supported format, the extension is replaced with the image format type specified with <a href="#format">-format</a>. For example, if you specify <em class="arg">tiff</em> as the format type and the input image filename is <em class="arg">image.gif</em>, the output image filename becomes <em class="arg">image.tiff</em>.</p>
				3146
				3147	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3148	<h4><a name="format_identify_" id="format_identify_"></a>-format <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				3149	</div>
				3150
				3151	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>output formatted image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/identify.html">identify</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3152
				3153	<p>See <a href="../www/escape.html">Format and Print Image Properties</a> for an explanation on how to specify the argument to this option.</p>
				3154
				3155	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3156	<h4><a name="frame" id="frame"></a>-frame <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3157	</div>
				3158
				3159	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Surround the image with a border or beveled frame.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3160
				3161	<p>The color of the border is specified with the <a href="#mattecolor">-mattecolor</a> command line option. </p>
				3162
				3163	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument indicates the amount of extra width and height that is added to the dimensions of the image. If no offsets are given in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument, then the border added is a solid color. Offsets <em>x</em> and <em>y</em>, if present, specify that the width and height of the border is partitioned to form an outer bevel of thickness <em>x</em> pixels and an inner bevel of thickness <em>y</em> pixels. (Negative offsets make no sense here.) The <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option is not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3164
				3165
				3166	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3167	<h4><a name="frame_import_" id="frame_import_"></a>-frame</h4>
				3168	</div>
				3169
				3170	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>include the X window frame in the imported image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				3171
				3172	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3173	<h4><a name="function" id="function"></a>-function <em class="arg">function</em> <em class="arg">parameters</em></h4>
				3174	</div>
				3175
				3176	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a function to channel values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3177
				3178	<p>This operator performs calculations based on the given arguments to modify each of the color values for each previously set <a href="#channel">-channel</a> in the image. See <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> for details concerning how the results of the calculations are handled.</p>
				3179
				3180	<p>This is can be considered a multi-argument version of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. (Added in ImageMagick 6.4.8−8.)</p>
				3181
				3182	<p>Here, <em class="arg">parameters</em> is a comma-separated list of numerical values. The number of values varies depending on which <em class="arg">function</em> is selected. Choose the <em class="arg">function</em> from:</p>
				3183
				3184	<pre class="text">
				3185	Polynomial
				3186	Sinusoid
				3187	Arcsin
				3188	Arctan
				3189	</pre>
				3190
				3191	<p>To print a complete list of <a href="#function">-function</a> operators, use <a href="#list">-list function</a>. Descriptions follow.</p>
				3192
				3193	<dl class="doc">
				3194	<dt><kbd>Polynomial</kbd></dt>
				3195	<dd>
				3196	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function takes an arbitrary number of parameters, these being the coefficients of a polynomial, in decreasing order of degree. That is, entering</p>
				3197
				3198	<div style="text-align: center">
				3199	-function Polynomial <em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub>,<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub>,...<em>a</em><sub>1</sub>,<em>a</em><sub>0</sub>
				3200	</div>
				3201
				3202	<p>will invoke a polynomial function given by</p>
				3203
				3204	<div style="text-align: center">
				3205	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em></sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em></sup> +
				3206	<em>a</em><sub><em>n</em>-1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b><sup><em>n</em>-1</sup> +
				3207	··· <em>a</em><sub>1</sub> <b><em>u</em></b> + <em>a</em><sub>0</sub>,
				3208	</div>
				3209
				3210	<p>where <b><em>u</em></b> is pixel's original normalized channel value.</p>
				3211
				3212	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function can be used in place of <kbd>Set</kbd> (the <em>constant</em> polynomial) and <kbd>Add</kbd>, <kbd>Divide</kbd>, <kbd>Multiply</kbd>, and <kbd>Subtract</kbd> (some <em>linear</em> polynomials) of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator. The <a href="#level">-level</a> operator also affects channels linearly. Some correspondences follow.</p>
				3213
				3214	<table class="doc">
				3215	<col width="35%" />
				3216	<col width="35%" />
				3217	<col width="30%" />
				3218	<tr>
				3219	<td>-evaluate Set <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3220	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3221	<td>(Constant functions; set <em class="arg">value</em>×100% gray when channels are RGB.)</td>
				3222	</tr>
				3223	<tr>
				3224	<td>-evaluate Add <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3225	<td>-function Polynomial 1,<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3226	</tr>
				3227	<tr>
				3228	<td>-evaluate Subtract <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3229	<td>-function Polynomial 1,−<em class="arg">value</em></td>
				3230	</tr>
				3231	<tr>
				3232	<td>-evaluate Multiply <em class="arg">value</em> </td>
				3233	<td>-function Polynomial <em class="arg">value</em>,0</td>
				3234	</tr>
				3235	<tr>
				3236	<td>+level black% x white%</td>
				3237	<td>-function Polynomial A,B</td>
				3238	<td>(Reduce contrast. Here, A=(white-black)/100 and B=black/100.)</td>
				3239	</tr>
				3240	</table>
				3241
				3242	<p>The <kbd>Polynomial</kbd> function gives great versatility, since polynomials can be used to fit any continuous curve to any degree of accuracy desired.</p>
				3243	</dd>
				3244
				3245	<dt><kbd>Sinusoid</kbd></dt>
				3246	<dd>
				3247	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function can be used to vary the channel values sinusoidally by setting frequency, phase shift, amplitude, and a bias. These values are given as one to four parameters, as follows,</p>
				3248
				3249	<div style="text-align: center">
				3250	-function <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> <em class="arg">freq</em>,[<em class="arg">phase</em>,[<em class="arg">amp</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3251	</div>
				3252
				3253	<p>where <em>phase</em> is in degrees. (The domain [0,1] of the function corresponds to 0 through <em class="arg">freq</em>×360 degrees.) The result is that if a pixel's normalized channel value is originally <b><em>u</em></b>, its resulting normalized value is given by </p>
				3254
				3255	<div style="text-align: center">
				3256	<em class="arg">amp</em> * sin(2π (<em class="arg">freq</em> * <b><em>u</em></b> + <em class="arg">phase</em> / 360)) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3257	</div>
				3258
				3259	<p> For example, the following generates a curve that starts and ends at 0.9 (when <b><em>u</em></b>=0 and 1, resp.), oscillating three times between .7−.2=.5 and .7+.2=.9. </p>
				3260
				3261	<p class="crtsnip">
				3262	-function Sinusoid 3,-90,.2,.7
				3263	</p>
				3264
				3265	<p>The default values of <em class="arg">amp</em> and <em class="arg">bias</em> are both .5. The default for <em class="arg">phase</em> is 0.</p>
				3266
				3267	<p>The <kbd>Sinusoid</kbd> function generalizes <kbd>Sin</kbd> and <kbd>Cos</kbd> of the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> operator by allowing varying amplitude, phase and bias. The correspondence is as follows.</p>
				3268
				3269	<table class="doc">
				3270	<tr>
				3271	<td>-evaluate Sin <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3272	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,0 </td>
				3273	</tr>
				3274	<tr>
				3275	<td>-evaluate Cos <em class="arg">freq</em> </td>
				3276	<td>-function Sinusoid <em class="arg">freq</em>,90 </td>
				3277	</tr>
				3278	</table>
				3279	</dd>
				3280
				3281	<dt><kbd>ArcSin</kbd></dt>
				3282	<dd>
				3283	<p>The <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> function generates the inverse curve of a Sinusoid,
				3284	and can be used to generate cylindrical distortion and displacement maps.
				3285	The curve can be adjusted relative to both the input values and output range
				3286	of values.
				3287
				3288	<div style="text-align: center">
				3289	-function <kbd>ArcSin</kbd> <em class="arg">width</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3290	</div>
				3291
				3292	<p>with all values given in terms of noramlize color values (0.0 for black,
				3293	1.0 for white). Defaulting to values covering the full range from 0.0 to 1.0
				3294	for bout input (<em class="arg">width</em>), and output (<em
				3295	class="arg">width</em>) values. '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>' </p>
				3296
				3297	<div style="text-align: center">
				3298	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * asin( 2/<em class="arg">width</em> * ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3299	</div>
				3300
				3301	</dd>
				3302
				3303	<dt><kbd>ArcTan</kbd></dt>
				3304	<dd>
				3305	<p>The <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> function generates a curve that smooth crosses from
				3306	limit values at infinities, though a center using the given slope value.
				3307	All these values can be adjusted via the arguments.
				3308
				3309	<div style="text-align: center">
				3310	-function <kbd>ArcTan</kbd> <em class="arg">slope</em>,[<em class="arg">center</em>,[<em class="arg">range</em>,[<em class="arg">bias</em>]]]
				3311	</div>
				3312
				3313	<p>Defaulting to '<code>1.0,0.5,1.0,0.5</code>'.
				3314	</p>
				3315
				3316	<div style="text-align: center">
				3317	<em class="arg">range</em>/π * atan( <em class="arg">slope</em>π ( <b><em>u</em></b> - <em class="arg">center</em> ) ) + <em class="arg">bias</em>
				3318	</div>
				3319
				3320	</dd>
				3321
				3322	</dl>
				3323
				3324
				3325	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3326	<h4><a name="fuzz" id="fuzz"></a>-fuzz <em class="arg">distance</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				3327	</div>
				3328
				3329	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Colors within this <em class="arg">distance</em> are considered equal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3330
				3331	<p>A number of algorithms search for a target color. By default the color must be exact. Use this option to match colors that are close to the target color in RGB space. For example, if you want to automagically trim the edges of an image with <a href="#trim">-trim</a> but the image was scanned and the target background color may differ by a small amount. This option can account for these differences.</p>
				3332
				3333	<p>The <em class="arg">distance</em> can be in absolute intensity units or, by appending <kbd>%</kbd> as a percentage of the maximum possible intensity (255, 65535, or 4294967295).</p>
				3334
				3335
				3336	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3337	<h4><a name="fx" id="fx"></a>-fx <em class="arg">expression</em></h4>
				3338	</div>
				3339
				3340	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a mathematical expression to an image or image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3341
				3342	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">expression</em> is <kbd>@</kbd>, the expression is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string.</p>
				3343
				3344	<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this option.</p>
				3345
				3346
				3347	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3348	<h4><a name="gamma" id="gamma"></a>-gamma <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3349	</div>
				3350
				3351	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>level of gamma correction.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3352
				3353	<p>The same color image displayed on two different workstations may look different due to differences in the display monitor. Use gamma correction to adjust for this color difference. Reasonable values extend from <kbd>0.8</kbd> to <kbd>2.3</kbd>. Gamma less than 1.0 darkens the image and gamma greater than 1.0 lightens it. Large adjustments to image gamma may result in the loss of some image information if the pixel quantum size is only eight bits (quantum range 0 to 255).</p>
				3354
				3355	<p>Gamma adjusts the image's channel values pixel-by-pixel according to a power law, namely, pow(pixel,1/gamma) or pixel^(1/gamma), where pixel is the normalized or 0 to 1 color value. For example, using a value of gamma=2 is the same as taking the square root of the image.</p>
				3356
				3357	<p>You can apply separate gamma values to the red, green, and blue channels of the image with a gamma value list delimited with commas (e.g., <kbd>1.7,2.3,1.2</kbd>).</p>
				3358
				3359	<p>Use <a href="#gamma">+gamma <em class="arg">value</em></a> to set the image gamma level without actually adjusting the image pixels. This option is useful if the image is of a known gamma but not set as an image attribute (e.g. PNG images).</p>
				3360
				3361	<p>Note that gamma adjustments are also available via the <a href="#level">-level</a> operator.</p>
				3362
				3363	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3364	<h4><a name="gaussian-blur" id="gaussian-blur"></a>-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-gaussian-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em></h4>
				3365	</div>
				3366
				3367	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur the image with a Gaussian operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3368
				3369	<p>Convolve the image with a Gaussian or normal distribution. The formula is:</p>
				3370
				3371	<div class="eqn"><img alt="gaussian distribution" width="243px" height="42px" src="../images/gaussian-blur.png"/>
				3372	</div>
				3373
				3374	<p>where <i>r</i> is the blur radius (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = <i>u</i><sup>2</sup> + <i>v</i><sup>2</sup>), and σ is the standard deviation of the Gaussian distribution. As a guideline, set <i>r</i> to approximately 3σ. Specify a radius of 0 and ImageMagick selects a suitable radius for you.</p>
				3375
				3376	<p>This differs from the faster <a href="#blur">-blur</a> operator in that a
				3377	full 2-dimentional convolution is used to generate the weighted average of the
				3378	neighbouring pixels. </p>
				3379
				3380	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				3381	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				3382	</p>
				3383
				3384
				3385	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3386	<h4><a name="geometry" id="geometry"></a>-geometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3387	</div>
				3388
				3389	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the preferred size and location of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3390
				3391	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3392
				3393	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3394	<h4><a name="gravity" id="gravity"></a>-gravity <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3395	</div>
				3396
				3397	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Sets the current gravity suggestion for various other settings and options.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3398
				3399	<p>Choices include: <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>, <kbd>North</kbd>, <kbd>NorthEast</kbd>,
				3400	<kbd>West</kbd>, <kbd>Center</kbd>, <kbd>East</kbd>, <kbd>SouthWest</kbd>,
				3401	<kbd>South</kbd>, <kbd>SouthEast</kbd>. Use <a href="#list">-list gravity</a> to get a complete
				3402	list of <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> settings available in your ImageMagick
				3403	installation.</p>
				3404
				3405	<p>The direction you choose specifies where to position text or subimages. For example, a gravity of <kbd>Center</kbd> forces the text to be centered within the image. By default, the image gravity is <kbd>NorthWest</kbd>. See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for more details about graphic primitives. Only the text primitive of <a href="#draw">-draw</a> affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option.</p>
				3406
				3407	<p>The <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is also used in concert with the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> setting and other settings or options that take <em class="arg">geometry</em> as an argument, such as the <a href="#crop">-crop</a> option. </p>
				3408
				3409	<p>If a <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> setting occurs before another option or setting having a <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument that specifies an offset, the offset is usually applied to the point within the image suggested by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> argument. Thus, in the following command, for example, suppose the file <kbd>image.png</kbd> has dimensions 200x100. The offset specified by the argument to <a href="#region">-region</a> is (−40,+20). The argument to <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> is <kbd>Center</kbd>, which suggests the midpoint of the image, at the point (100,50). The offset (−40,20) is applied to that point, giving (100−40,50+20)=(60,70), so the specified 10x10 region is located at that point. (In addition, the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> affects the region itself, which is <em>centered</em> at the pixel coordinate (60,70). (See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.)</p>
				3410
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3411	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -gravity Center -region 10x10-40+20 \ <br/> -negate output.png</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3412	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that the image gravitates within the composite.</p>
				3413
				3414	<p>When used as an option to <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>, <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> gives the direction that an image gravitates within a tile. The default gravity is <kbd>Center</kbd> for this purpose.</p>
				3415
				3416
				3417	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3418	<h4><a name="green-primary" id="green-primary"></a>-green-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				3419	</div>
				3420
				3421	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>green chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3422
				3423
				3424	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3425	<h4><a name="hald-clut" id="hald-clut"></a>-hald-clut</h4>
				3426	</div>
				3427
				3428	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a Hald color lookup table to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3429
				3430	<p>A Hald color lookup table is a 3-dimensional color cube mapped to 2
				3431	dimensions. Create it with the <kbd>HALD:</kbd> prefix (e.g. HALD:8). You
				3432	can apply any color transformation to the Hald image and then use this option
				3433	to apply the transform to the image. </p>
				3434
				3435	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png hald.png -hald-clut transform.png</span></p>
				3436	<p>This option provides a convenient method for you to use Gimp or Photoshop
				3437	to make color corrections to the Hald CLUT image and subsequently apply them
				3438	to multiple images using an ImageMagick script. </p>
				3439
				3440	<p>Note that the representation is only of the normal RGB color space and that
				3441	the whole color value triplet is used for the interpolated lookup of the
				3442	represented Hald color cube image. Because of this the operation is not <a
				3443	href="#channel" >-channel</a> setting effected, nor can it adjust or modify an
				3444	images transparency or alpha/matte channel.</p>
				3445
				3446	<p>See also <a href="#clut" >-clut</a> which provides color value replacement
				3447	of the individual color channels, usally involving a simplier gray-scale
				3448	image. E.g: gray-scale to color replacement, or modification by a histogram
				3449	mapping. </p>
				3450
				3451
				3452	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3453	<h4><a name="help" id="help"></a>-help</h4>
				3454	</div>
				3455
				3456	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print usage instructions.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3457
				3458	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3459	<h4><a name="highlight-color" id="highlight-color"></a>-highlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				3460	</div>
				3461
				3462	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3463
				3464	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3465	<h4><a name="iconGeometry" id="iconGeometry"></a>-iconGeometry <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				3466	</div>
				3467
				3468	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the icon geometry.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3469
				3470	<p>Offsets, if present in the geometry specification, are handled in the same manner as the <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> option, using X11 style to handle negative offsets.</p>
				3471
				3472	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				3473
				3474	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3475	<h4><a name="iconic" id="iconic"></a>-iconic</h4>
				3476	</div>
				3477
				3478	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>iconic animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3479
				3480	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3481	<h4><a name="identify" id="identify"></a>-identify</h4>
				3482	</div>
				3483
				3484	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>identify the format and characteristics of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3485
				3486	<p>This information is printed: image scene number; image name; image size; the image class (<em class="arg">DirectClass</em> or <em class="arg">PseudoClass</em>); the total number of unique colors; and the number of seconds to read and transform the image. Refer to <a href="../www/miff.html">MIFF</a> for a description of the image class.</p>
				3487
				3488	<p>If <a href="#colors">-colors</a> is also specified, the total unique colors in the image and color reduction error values are printed. Refer to <a href="/www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for a description of these values.</p>
				3489
				3490	<p>If <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> preceds this option, copious
				3491	amounts of image properties are displayed including image statistics, profiles,
				3492	image histogram, and others.</p>
				3493
				3494	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3495	<h4><a name="ift" id="ift"></a>-ift</h4>
				3496	</div>
				3497
				3498	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT).</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3499
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3500	<p>This option is new as of ImageMagick 6.5.4-3 (and now working for Windows users in ImageMagick 6.6.0-9). It transforms a pair of magnitude and phase images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal or spatial domain. See for example, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier_transform" target="_blank">Fourier Transform</a>, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT" target="_blank">Discrete Fourier Transform</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FFT" target="_blank">Fast Fourier Transform</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3501
				3502	<p>For example, depending upon the image format used to store the result of the <a href="#fft">-fft</a>, one would use either</p>
				3503
				3504	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image.miff -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3505	<p>or</p>
				3506
				3507	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert fft_image-0.png fft_image-1.png -ift fft_image_ift.png</span></p>
				3508
				3509	<p>The resulting image may need to be cropped due to padding introduced when the original image, prior to the <a href="#fft">-fft</a> or <a href="#fft">+fft</a>, was not square or even dimensioned. Any padding will be at the right and/or bottom sides of the image.
				3510
				3511	<p>The <a href="http://www.fftw.org/" target="_blank">FFTW</a> delegate library is required to use <a href="#ift">-ift</a>.
				3512
				3513	<p>Use <a href="#ift">+ift</a> (with HDRI enabled) to transform a pair of real and imaginary images from the frequency domain to a single image in the normal (spatial) domain.
				3514
				3515	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3516	<h4><a name="immutable" id="immutable"></a>-immutable</h4>
				3517	</div>
				3518
				3519	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>make image immutable.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3520
				3521	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3522	<h4><a name="implode" id="implode"></a>-implode <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				3523	</div>
				3524
				3525	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>implode image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3526
				3527	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3528	<h4><a name="insert" id="insert"></a>-insert <em class="arg">index</em></h4>
				3529	</div>
				3530
				3531	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>insert the last image into the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3532
				3533	<p>This option takes last image in the current image sequence and inserts it at the given index. If a negative index is used, the insert position is calculated before the last image is removed from the sequence. As such <kbd>-insert -1</kbd> will result in no change to the image sequence.</p>
				3534
				3535	<p>The <kbd>+insert</kbd> option is equivalent to <kbd>-insert -1</kbd>. In other words, insert the last image, at the end of the current image sequence. Consequently this has no effect on the image sequence order.</p>
				3536
				3537	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3538	<h4><a name="intent" id="intent"></a>-intent <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3539	</div>
				3540
				3541	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use this type of rendering intent when managing the image color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3542
				3543	<p>Use this option to affect the color management operation of an image (see <a href="#profile">-profile</a>). Choose from these intents: <kbd>Absolute, Perceptual, Relative, Saturation</kbd>.</p>
				3544
				3545	<p>The default intent is undefined.</p>
				3546
				3547	<p>To print a complete list of rendering intents, use <a href="#list">-list intent</a>.</p>
				3548
				3549	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3550	<h4><a name="interlace" id="interlace"></a>-interlace <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3551	</div>
				3552
				3553	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the type of interlacing scheme.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3554
				3555	<p>Choose from:</p>
				3556
				3557	<pre class="text">
				3558	none
				3559	line
				3560	plane
				3561	partition
				3562	JPEG
				3563	GIF
				3564	PNG
				3565	</pre>
				3566
				3567	<p>This option is used to specify the type of interlacing scheme for raw image formats such as <kbd>RGB</kbd> or <kbd>YUV</kbd>.</p>
				3568
				3569	<p><kbd>None</kbd> means do not interlace (RGBRGBRGBRGBRGBRGB...),</p>
				3570
				3571	<p><kbd>Line</kbd> uses scanline interlacing (RRR...GGG...BBB...RRR...GGG...BBB...), and.</p>
				3572
				3573	<p><kbd>Plane</kbd> uses plane interlacing (RRRRRR...GGGGGG...BBBBBB...).</p>
				3574
				3575	<p><kbd>Partition</kbd> is like plane except the different planes are saved to individual files (e.g. image.R,
				3576	image.G, and image.B).</p>
				3577
				3578	<p>Use <kbd>Line</kbd> or <kbd>Plane</kbd> to create an <kbd>interlaced PNG</kbd> or <kbd>GIF</kbd> or <kbd>progressive JPEG</kbd>
				3579	image.</p>
				3580
				3581	<p>To print a complete list of interlacing schemes, use <a href="#list">-list interlace</a>.</p>
				3582
				3583	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3584	<h4><a name="interpolate" id="interpolate"></a>-interpolate <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				3585	</div>
				3586
				3587	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel color interpolation method to use when looking up a color based on a floating point or real value.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3588
				3589	<p>When looking up the color of a pixel using a non-interger floating point
				3590	value, you typically fall in between the pixel colors defined by the source
				3591	image. This setting determines how the color is determined from the colors of
				3592	the pixels surrounding that point. That is how to determine the color of a
				3593	point that falls between two, or even four different colored pixels. </p>
				3594
				3595	<pre class="text">
				3596	integer: The color of the top-left pixel (floor function)
				3597	nearest-neighbor: The nearest pixel to the lookup point (rounded function)
				3598	average: The average color of the surrounding four pixels
				3599	bilinear A double linear interpolation of pixels (the default)
				3600	mesh Divide area into two flat triangular interpolations
				3601	bicubic Fitted bicubic-spines of surrounding 16 pixels
				3602	spline Direct spline curves (colors are blurred)
				3603	filter Use resize <a href="#filter">-filter</a> settings
				3604	</pre>
				3605
				3606	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				3607	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, <a href="#transform"
				3608	>-transform</a> and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>. </p>
				3609
				3610	<p>To print a complete list of interpolation methods, use <a href="#list">-list interpolate</a>.</p>
				3611
				3612	<p>See also <a href="#virtual-pixel" >-virtual-pixel</a>, for control of the
				3613	lookup for positions outside the boundaries of the image. </p>
				3614
				3615
				3616	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	f3bb478	2009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3617	<h4><a name="interline-spacing" id="interline-spacing"></a>-interline-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3618	</div>
				3619
				3620	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two text lines.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3621
				3622	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3623	<h4><a name="interword-spacing" id="interword-spacing"></a>-interword-spacing <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3624	</div>
				3625
				3626	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two words.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3627
				3628	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3629	<h4><a name="kerning" id="kerning"></a>-kerning <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				3630	</div>
				3631
				3632	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the space between two letters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3633
				3634	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3635	<h4><a name="label" id="label"></a>-label <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				3636	</div>
				3637
				3638	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>assign a label to an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3639
				3640	<p>Use this option to assign a specific label to the image, as it is read in or created. You can use the <a href="#set" >-set</a> operation to re-assign a the labels of images already read in. Image formats such as TIFF, PNG, MIFF, supports saving the label information with the image.</p>
				3641
				3642	<p>When saving an image to a <em class="arg">PostScript</em> file, any label assigned to an image is used as a header string to print above the postscript image. </p>
				3643
				3644	<p>You can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding special format character. See <a href="#format">-format</a> for details of the percent escape codes.</p>
				3645
				3646	<p>For example,</p>
				3647
				3648	<p class="crtsnip">
				3649	-label "%m:%f %wx%h" bird.miff
				3650	</p>
				3651
				3652	<p>assigns an image label of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> to the "<kbd>bird.miff</kbd>" image and whose width is 512 and height is 480, as it is read in. If a <a href="#label">+label</a> option was used instead, any existing label present in the image would be used. You can remove all labels from an image by assigning the empty string. </p>
				3653
				3654	<p>A label is not drawn on the image, but is embedded in the image datastream via <em>Label</em> tag or similar mechanism. If you want the label to be visible on the image itself, use the <a href="#draw">-draw</a> option, or during the final processing in the creation of a image montage.</p>
				3655
				3656	<p>The label font can be specified with <a href="#font">-font</a>, and the
				3657	other font attribute settings.</p>
				3658
				3659	<p>If the first character of <em class="arg">string</em> is <em class="arg">@</em>, the image label is read from a file titled by the remaining characters in the string. Labels in a file are literal, no embedded formatting characters are recognized.</p>
				3660
				3661
				3662	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3663	<h4><a name="lat" id="lat"></a>-lat <em class="arg">width</em><br />-lat <em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">offset</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				3664	</div>
				3665
				3666	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform local adaptive threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3667
				3668	<p>Adaptively threshold each pixel based on the value of pixels in a
				3669	surrounding window. If the current pixel is lighter than this average plus
				3670	the optional <kbd>offset</kbd>, then it is made white, otherwise it is made
				3671	black. Small variations in pixel values such as found in scanned documents
				3672	can be ignored if offset is positive. A negative offset will make it more
				3673	sensitive to those small variations. </p>
				3674
				3675	<p>This is commonly used to threshold images with an uneven background. It is
				3676	based on the assumption that average color of the small window is the
				3677	the local background color, from which to separate the forground color. </p>
				3678
				3679
				3680	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3681	<h4><a name="layers" id="layers"></a>-layers <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				3682	</div>
				3683
				3684	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>handle multiple images forming a set of image layers or animation frames.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3685
				3686	<p>Perform various image operation methods to a ordered sequence of images
				3687	which may represent either a set of overlaid 'image layers', a GIF disposal
				3688	animation, or a fully-'coalesced' animation sequence. </p>
				3689
				3690	<table class="doc">
				3691	<tbody>
				3692	<tr valign="top">
				3693	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				3694	<th align="left">Description</th>
				3695	</tr>
				3696
				3697	<tr valign="top">
				3698	<td valign="top">compare-any</td>
				3699	<td valign="top">Crop the second and later frames to the smallest rectangle
				3700	that contains all the differences between the two images. No GIF <a
				3701	href="#dispose" >-dispose</a> methods are taken into account. </td>
				3702	</tr>
				3703
				3704	<tr><td></td><td>This exactly the same as the <a href="#deconstruct"
				3705	>-deconstruct</a> operator, and does not preserve animations normal
				3706	working, especially when animation used layer disposal methods such as
				3707	'<kbd>Previous</kbd>' or '<kbd>Background</kbd>'. </td>
				3708	</tr>
				3709
				3710	<tr valign="top">
				3711	<td valign="top">compare-clear</td>
				3712	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to the bounds of any
				3713	opaque pixels which become transparent in the second frame. That is the
				3714	smallest image needed to mask or erase pixels for the next frame. </td>
				3715	</tr>
				3716
				3717	<tr valign="top">
				3718	<td valign="top">compare-overlay</td>
				3719	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>compare-any</kbd>' but crop to pixels that add
				3720	extra color to the next image, as a result of overlaying color pixels.
				3721	That is the smallest single overlaid image to add or change colors. </td>
				3722	</tr>
				3723
				3724	<tr><td></td><td>This can be used with the <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> alpha
				3725	composition method '<kbd>change-mask</kbd>', to reduce the image to
				3726	just the pixels that need to be overlaid. </td>
				3727	</tr>
				3728
				3729	<tr valign="top">
				3730	<td valign="top">coalesce</td>
				3731	<td valign="top">Equivalent to a call to the <a href="#coalesce"
				3732	>-coalesce</a> operator. Apply the layer disposal methods set in the
				3733	current image sequence to form a fully defined animation sequence, as
				3734	it should be displayed. Effectively converting a GIF animation into a
				3735	'film strip'-like animation. </td>
				3736	</tr>
				3737
				3738	<tr valign="top">
				3739	<td valign="top">composite</td>
				3740	<td valign="top">Alpha Composition of two image lists, separated by a
				3741	"<kbd>null:</kbd>" image, with the destination image list first, and
				3742	the source images last. An image from each list are composited
				3743	together until one list is finished. The separator image and source
				3744	image lists are removed. </td>
				3745	</tr>
				3746
				3747
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3748	<tr><td></td>
				3749	<td>The <a href="#geometry" >-geometry</a> offset is adjusted according
				3750	to <a href="#gravity" >-gravity</a> in accordance of the virtual
				3751	canvas size of the first image in each list. Unlike a normal <a
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3752	href="#composite" >-composite</a> operation, the canvas offset is also
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3753	added to the final composite positioning of each image. </td> </tr>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3754
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3755	<tr><td></td>
				3756	<td>If one of the image lists only contains one image, that image is
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3757	applied to all the images in the other image list, regardless of which
				3758	list it is. In this case it is the image meta-data of the list which
				3759	preserved. </td>
				3760	</tr>
				3761
				3762
				3763	<tr valign="top">
				3764	<td valign="top">dispose</td>
				3765	<td valign="top">This like '<kbd>coalesce</kbd>' but shows the look of
				3766	the animation after the layer disposal method has been applied, before
				3767	the next sub-frame image is overlaid. That is the 'dispose' image that
				3768	results from the application of the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3769	>-dispose</a> method. This allows you to check what
				3770	is going wrong with a particular animation you may be developing.
				3771	</td>
				3772	</tr>
				3773
				3774	<tr valign="top">
				3775	<td valign="top">flatten</td>
				3776	<td valign="top">Create a canvas the size of the first images virtual
				3777	canvas using the current <a href="#background" >-background</a> color,
				3778	and <a href="#compose" >-compose</a> each image in turn onto that
				3779	canvas. Images falling outside that canvas is clipped. Final
				3780	image will have a zero virtual canvas offset. </td>
				3781	</tr>
				3782
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3783	<tr><td></td>
				3784	<td>This usally used as one of the final 'image layering' operations
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3785	overlaying all the prepared image layers into a final image. </td>
				3786	</tr>
				3787
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	3788	<tr><td></td>
				3789	<td>For a single image this method can also be used to fillout a virtual
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	3790	canvas with real pixels, or to underlay a opaque color to remove
				3791	transparency from an image.</td>
				3792	</tr>
				3793
				3794
				3795	<tr valign="top">
				3796	<td valign="top">merge</td>
				3797	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but merging all the given image
				3798	layers into a new layer image just large enough to hold all the image
				3799	without clipping or extra space. The new images virtual offset will
				3800	prevere the position of the new layer, even if this offset is
				3801	negative. the virtual canvas size of the first image is preserved.
				3802	</td>
				3803	</tr>
				3804
				3805	<tr><td></td><td>Caution is advised when handling image layers with negative offsets
				3806	as few image file formats handle them correctly. </td>
				3807	</tr>
				3808
				3809	<tr valign="top">
				3810	<td valign="top">mosaic</td>
				3811	<td valign="top">As 'flatten' method but expanding the initial canvas size
				3812	of the first image so as to hold all the image layers. However as a
				3813	virtual canvas is 'locked' to the origin, by defination, image layers
				3814	with a negative offsets will still be clipped by the top and left
				3815	edges.</td>
				3816	</tr>
				3817
				3818	<tr><td></td><td>This method is commonly used to layout individual image using various
				3819	offset but without knowning the final canvas size. The resulting image
				3820	will, like 'flatten' not have any virtual offset, so can be saved to
				3821	any image file format. </td>
				3822	</tr>
				3823
				3824
				3825	<tr valign="top">
				3826	<td valign="top">optimize</td>
				3827	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation using
				3828	a number of general techniques. This currently a short cut to
				3829	apply both the '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>', and
				3830	'<kbd>optimize-transparency</kbd>' methods but may be expanded to
				3831	include other optimization methods as they are developed. </td>
				3832	</tr>
				3833
				3834	<tr valign="top">
				3835	<td valign="top">optimize-frame</td>
				3836	<td valign="top">Optimize a coalesced animation, into GIF animation by
				3837	reducing the number of pixels per frame as much as possible by
				3838	attempting to pick the best layer disposal method to use, while ensuring
				3839	the result will continue to animate properly. </td>
				3840	</tr>
				3841
				3842	<tr><td></td><td> There is no guarantee that the best optimization is found. But
				3843	then no reasonably fast GIF optimization algorithm can do this.
				3844	However this does seem to do better than most other GIF frame
				3845	optimizers seen. </td>
				3846	</tr>
				3847
				3848	<tr valign="top">
				3849	<td valign="top">optimize-plus</td>
				3850	<td valign="top">As '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' but attempt to improve the
				3851	overall optimization by adding extra frames to the animation, without
				3852	changing the final look or timing of the animation. The frames are
				3853	added to attempt to separate the clearing of pixels from the
				3854	overlaying of new additional pixels from one animation frame to the
				3855	next. If this does not improve the optimization (for the next frame
				3856	only), it will fall back to the results of the previous normal
				3857	'<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. </td>
				3858	</tr>
				3859
				3860	<tr><td></td><td>There is the possibility that the change in the disposal style will
				3861	result in a worsening in the optimization of later frames, though this
				3862	is unlikely. In other words there no guarantee that it is better than
				3863	the normal '<kbd>optimize-frame</kbd>' technique. For some animations
				3864	however you can get a vast improvment in the final animation size. </td>
				3865	</tr>
				3866
				3867	<tr valign="top">
				3868	<td valign="top">optimize-transparency</td>
				3869	<td valign="top">Given a GIF animation, replace any pixel in the sub-frame
				3870	overlay images with transparency, if it does not change the resulting
				3871	animation by more than the current <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor.
				3872	</td>
				3873	</tr>
				3874
				3875	<tr><td></td><td>This should allow a existing frame optimized GIF animation to compress
				3876	into a smaller file size due to larger areas of one (transparent)
				3877	color rather than a pattern of multiple colors repeating the current
				3878	disposed image of the last frame. </td>
				3879	</tr>
				3880
				3881	<tr valign="top">
				3882	<td valign="top">remove-dups</td>
				3883	<td valign="top">Remove (and merge time delays) of duplicate consecutive
				3884	images, so as to simplify layer overlays of coalesced animations.
				3885	</td>
				3886	</tr>
				3887
				3888	<tr><td></td><td>Usually this a result of using a constant time delay across the
				3889	whole animation, or after a larger animation was split into smaller
				3890	sub-animations. The duplicate frames could also have been used as
				3891	part of some frame optimization methods. </td>
				3892	</tr>
				3893
				3894	<tr valign="top">
				3895	<td valign="top">remove-zero</td>
				3896	<td valign="top">Remove any image with a zero time delay, unless ALL the
				3897	images have a zero time delay (and is not a proper timed animation, a
				3898	warning is then issued). </td>
				3899	</tr>
				3900
				3901	<tr><td></td><td>In a GIF animation, such images are usually frames which provide
				3902	partial intermediary updates between the frames that are actually
				3903	displayed to users. These frames are usally added for improved frame
				3904	optimization in GIF animations. </td>
				3905	</tr>
				3906
				3907	<tr valign="top">
				3908	<td valign="top">trim-bounds</td>
				3909	<td valign="top">Find the bounds of all the images in the current
				3910	image sequence, then adjust the offsets so all images are contained on
				3911	a minimal positive canvas. None of the image data is modified, only
				3912	there virtual canvas size and offset. The all the image is given
				3913	the same canvas size, and and will have a positive offset, but will
				3914	remain in the same position relative to each other. As a result of the
				3915	minimal canvas size at least one image will touch every edge of that
				3916	canvas. The image data however may be transparent.
				3917	</td>
				3918	</tr>
				3919
				3920	</tbody>
				3921	</table>
				3922
				3923	<p>To print a complete list of layer types, use <a href="#list">-list layers</a>.</p>
				3924
				3925	<p>The operators <a href="#coalesce" >-coalesce</a>, <a href="#deconstruct"
				3926	>-deconstruct</a>, <a href="#flatten" >-flatten</a>, and <a href="#mosaic"
				3927	>-mosaic</a> are only aliases for the above methods. Also see <a
				3928	href="#page" >-page</a>, <a href="#repage" >-repage</a> operators, the <a
				3929	href="#compose" >-compose</a> setting, and the GIF <a href="#dispose"
				3930	>-dispose</a> and <a href="#delay" >-delay</a> settings. </p>
				3931
				3932
				3933	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3934	<h4><a name="level" id="level"></a>-level <em class="arg">black_point</em>{,<em class="arg">white_point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}{,<em class="arg">gamma</em>}</h4>
				3935	</div>
				3936
				3937	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of image channels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3938
				3939	<p>Given one, two or three values delimited with commas: black-point,
				3940	white-point, gamma (for example: 10,250,1.0 or 2%,98%,0.5). The black and
				3941	white points range from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, or from 0 to 100%; if the white
				3942	point is omitted it is set to (<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> - black_point), so as to center
				3943	contrast changes. If a <kbd>%</kbd> sign is present anywhere in the string,
				3944	both black and white points are percentages of the full color range. Gamma
				3945	will do a <a href="#gamma">-gamma</a> adjustment of the values. If it is
				3946	omitted, the default of 1.0 (no gamma correction) is assumed.</p>
				3947
				3948	<p>In normal usage (<kbd>-level</kbd>) the image values are stretched so that
				3949	the given '<kbd>black_point</kbd>' value in the original image is set to
				3950	zero (or black), while the given '<kbd>white_point</kbd>' value is set to
				3951	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> (or white). This provides you with direct contrast adjustments
				3952	to the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' of the resulting image will then be
				3953	adjusted. </p>
				3954
				3955	<p>From ImageMagick v6.4.1-9 using the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level</kbd>) or
				3956	adding the special '!' flag anywhere in the argument list, will cause the
				3957	operator to do the reverse of the level adjustment. That is a zero, or
				3958	<em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> value (black, and white, resp.) in the original image, is
				3959	adjusted to the given level values, allowing you to de-contrast, or compress
				3960	the channel values within the image. The '<kbd>gamma</kbd>' is adjusted before the level adjustment to de-contrast the image is made. </p>
				3961
				3962	<p>Only the channels defined by the current <a href="#channel">-channel</a>
				3963	setting are adjusted (defaults to RGB color channels only), allowing you to
				3964	limit the effect of this operator. </p>
				3965
				3966	<p>Please note that the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				3967	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				3968
				3969
				3970	<div style="margin: auto;">
				3971	<h4><a name="level-colors" id="level-colors"></a>-level-colors {<em
				3972	class="arg">black_color</em>}{,}{<em class="arg">white_color</em>}</h4>
				3973	</div>
				3974
				3975	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>adjust the level of an image using the provided dash seperated colors.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				3976
				3977	<p>This function is exactly like <a href="#level">-level</a>, except that the
				3978	value value for each color channel is determined by the
				3979	'<kbd>black_color</kbd>' and '<kbd>white_color</kbd>' colors given (as
				3980	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option). </p>
				3981
				3982	<p>This effectivally means the colors provided to <kbd>-level-colors</kbd>
				3983	is mapped to become 'black' and 'white' respectivally, with all the other
				3984	colors linearly adjusted (or clipped) to match that change. Each channel is
				3985	adjusted separatally using the channel values of the colors specified. </p>
				3986
				3987	<p>On the other hand the plus form of the operator (<kbd>+level-colors</kbd>)
				3988	will map the image color 'black' and 'white' to the given colors
				3989	respectivally, resulting in a gradient (de-contrasting) tint of the image to
				3990	those colors. This can also be used to convert a plain gray-scale image into a
				3991	one using the gradient of colors specified. </p>
				3992
				3993	<p>By supplying a single color with a comma separator either before or after
				3994	that color, will just replace the respective 'black' or 'white' point
				3995	respectivally. But if no comma separator is provided, the given color is
				3996	used for both the black and white color points, making the operator either
				3997	threshold the images around that color (- form) or set all colors to that
				3998	color (+ form). </p>
				3999
				4000
				4001	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4002	<h4><a name="limit" id="limit"></a>-limit <em class="arg">type value</em></h4>
				4003	</div>
				4004
				4005	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the pixel cache resource limit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4006
				4007	<p>Choose from: <kbd>area</kbd>, <kbd>disk</kbd>, <kbd>file</kbd>, <kbd>map</kbd>, <kbd>memory</kbd>, <kbd>threads</kbd>, or <kbd>time</kbd>.</p>
				4008
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4009	<p>The value for <kbd>file</kbd> is in number of files. The other limits are in bytes. By default the limits are 768 files, 2GB of image area, 1.5GiB memory, 8GiB memory map, and 18.45EB of disk. These limits are adjusted relative to the available resources on your computer if this information is available. When any limit is reached, ImageMagick fails in some fashion but attempts to take compensating actions, if possible. For example, the following limits memory:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4010
				4011	<p class="crtsnip">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4012	-limit memory 32MiB -limit map 64MiB
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4013	</p>
				4014
				4015	<p>Use <a href="#list">-list resource</a> to list the current limits. For example, our system shows these limits:</p>
				4016
cristy	6b63665	2009-12-05 17:16:11 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4017	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list resource</span><span class='crtout'><pre>File Area Memory Map Disk Thread Time
				4018	------------------------------------------------------------------------------
				4019	768 12.404GB 8.6642GiB 23.104GiB 18.446744EB 8 unlimited</pre>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4020	</span></p>
				4021	<p>Requests for pixel storage to keep intermediate images are satisfied by one of three resource categories: in-memory pool, memory-mapped files pool, and disk pool (in that order) depending on the <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#limit">‑limit</a> settings and whether the system honors a resource request. If the total size of allocated pixel storage in the given pool reaches the corresponding limit, the request is passed to the next pool. Additionally, requests that exceed the <kbd>area</kbd> limit automagically are allocated on disk.</p>
				4022
				4023	<p>To illustrate how ImageMagick utilizes resource limits, consider a typical image resource request. First, ImageMagick tries to allocate the pixels in memory. The request might be denied if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>memory</kbd> limit or if the system does not honor the request. If a memory request is not honored, the pixels are allocated to disk and the file is memory-mapped. However, if the allocation request exceeds the <kbd>map</kbd> limit, the resource allocation goes to disk. In all cases, if the resource request exceeds the <kbd>area</kbd> limit, the pixels are automagically cached to disk. If the disk has a hard limit, the program fails.</p>
				4024
				4025	<p>In most cases you simply do not need to concern yourself with resource limits. ImageMagick chooses reasonable defaults and most images do not tax your computer resources. Where limits do come in handy is when you process images that are large or on shared systems where ImageMagick can consume all or most of the available memory. In this case, the ImageMagick workflow slows other processes or, in extreme cases, brings the system to a halt. Under these circumstances, setting limits give some assurances that the ImageMagick workflow will not interfere with other concurrent uses of the computer. For example, assume you have a web interface that processes images uploaded from the Internet. To assure ImageMagick does not exceed 10mb of memory you can simply set the area limit to 10mb:</p>
				4026
				4027	<p class="crtsnip">
				4028	-limit area 10mb
				4029	</p>
				4030
				4031	<p>Now whenever a large image is processed, the pixels are automagically cached to disk instead of memory. This of course implies that large images typically process very slowly, simply because pixel processing in memory can be an order of magnitude faster than on disk. Because your web site users might inadvertedly upload a huge image to process, you should set a disk limit as well:</p>
				4032
				4033	<p class="crtsnip">
				4034	-limit area 10mb -limit disk 500mb
				4035	</p>
				4036
				4037	<p>Here ImageMagick stops processing if an image requires more than 500MB of disk storage.</p>
				4038
				4039	<p>In addition to command-line resource limit option, resources can be set with <a href="../www/resources.html#environment">environment variables</a>. Set the environment variables <kbd>MAGICK_AREA_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_DISK_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_FILE_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MEMORY_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_MAP_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_THREAD_LIMIT</kbd>, <kbd>MAGICK_TIME_LIMIT</kbd> for limits of image area, disk space, open files, heap memory, memory map, number of threads of execution, and maximum elapsed time in seconds respectively.</p>
				4040
				4041	<p> Inquisitive users can try adding <a href="#debug">-debug cache</a> to their commands and then scouring the generated output for references to the pixel cache, in order to determine how the pixel cache was allocated and how resources were consumed. Advanced Unix/Linux users can pipe that output through <kbd>grep memory\|open\|destroy\|disk</kbd> for more readable sifting.
				4042	</p>
				4043
				4044	<p>For more about ImageMagick's use of resources, see the section <b>Cache Storage and Resource Requirements</b> on the <a href="../www/architecture.html#cache">Architecture</a> page.
				4045	</p>
				4046
				4047	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4048	<h4><a name="linear-stretch" id="linear-stretch"></a>-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em><br />-linear-stretch <em class="arg">black-point</em>{x<em class="arg">white-point</em>}{<em class="arg">%</em>}}</h4>
				4049	</div>
				4050
				4051	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Linear with saturation stretch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4052
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4053	<p>This is very similar to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</a>,
				4054	and uses a 'histogram bin' to determine the range of color values that needs to
				4055	be stretched. However it then stretchs those colors using the <a
				4056	href="#level" >-level</a> operator.</p>
				4057
				4058	<p>As such while the initial determination may have 'binning' round off
				4059	effects, the image colors are stretched mathematically, rather than using the
				4060	histogram bins. This makes the operator more accurate. </p>
				4061
				4062	<p>note however that a <a href="#linear-stretch" >-linear-stretch</a> of
				4063	'<kbd>0</kbd>' does nothing, while a value of '<kbd>1</kbd>' does a near
				4064	perfect stretch of the color range. </p>
				4065
				4066	<p>See also <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect'
				4067	normalization of mathematical images. </p>
				4068
				4069	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
				4070
				4071
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4072	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4073	<h4><a name="linewidth" id="linewidth"></a>-linewidth</h4>
				4074	</div>
				4075
				4076	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the line width for subsequent draw operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4077
				4078	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4079	<h4><a name="liquid-rescale" id="liquid-rescale"></a>-liquid-rescale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4080	</div>
				4081
				4082	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>rescale image with seam-carving.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4083
				4084	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4085
				4086	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4087	<h4><a name="list" id="list"></a>-list <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4088	</div>
				4089
				4090	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Print a list of supported arguments for various options or settings. Choose from these list types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4091
				4092	<pre class="text">
cristy	c1aee83	2010-05-08 00:36:47 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4093	Align
				4094	Alpha
				4095	Boolean
				4096	Channel
				4097	Class
				4098	ClipPath
				4099	Coder
				4100	Color
				4101	Colorspace
				4102	Command
				4103	Compose
				4104	Compress
				4105	Configure
				4106	DataType
				4107	Debug
				4108	Decoration
				4109	Delegate
				4110	Direction
				4111	Dispose
				4112	Distort
				4113	Dither
				4114	Endian
				4115	Evaluate
				4116	FillRule
				4117	Filter
				4118	Font
				4119	Format
				4120	Function
				4121	Gravity
				4122	ImageList
				4123	Intent
				4124	Interlace
				4125	Interpolate
				4126	Kernel
cristy	787d435	2010-03-06 13:55:58 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4127	Layers
				4128	LineCap
				4129	LineJoin
				4130	List
				4131	Locale
				4132	LogEvent
				4133	Log
				4134	Magic
				4135	Method
				4136	Metric
				4137	Mime
				4138	Mode
				4139	Morphology
				4140	Module
				4141	Noise
				4142	Orientation
				4143	Policy
				4144	PolicyDomain
				4145	PolicyRights
				4146	Preview
				4147	Primitive
				4148	QuantumFormat
				4149	Resource
				4150	SparseColor
				4151	Storage
				4152	Stretch
				4153	Style
				4154	Threshold
				4155	Type
				4156	Units
				4157	Validate
				4158	VirtualPixel
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4159	</pre>
				4160
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4161	<p>These lists vary depending on your version of ImageMagick. Use "<kbd>-list
				4162	list</kbd>" to get a complete listing of all the "<kbd>-list</kbd>" arguments
				4163	available:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4164
				4165	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -list list</span></p>
				4166	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4167	<h4><a name="log" id="log"></a>-log <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				4168	</div>
				4169
				4170	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify format for debug log.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4171
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4172	<p>This option specifies the format for the log printed when the <a
				4173	href="#debug">-debug</a> option is active.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4174
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4175	<p>You can display the following components by embedding special format
				4176	characters:</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4177
				4178	<pre class="text">
				4179	%d domain
				4180	%e event
				4181	%f function
				4182	%l line
				4183	%m module
				4184	%p process ID
				4185	%r real CPU time
				4186	%t wall clock time
				4187	%u user CPU time
				4188	%% percent sign
				4189	\n newline
				4190	\r carriage return
				4191	</pre>
				4192
				4193	<p>For example:</p>
				4194
				4195	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -debug coders -log "%u %m:%l %e" in.gif out.png</span></p>
				4196	<p>The default behavior is to print all of the components.</p>
				4197
				4198	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4199	<h4><a name="loop" id="loop"></a>-loop <em class="arg">iterations</em></h4>
				4200	</div>
				4201
				4202	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4203
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4204	<p>Set iterations to zero to repeat the animation an infinite number of times,
				4205	otherwise the animation repeats itself up to <em class="arg">iterations</em>
				4206	times.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4207
				4208	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4209	<h4><a name="lowlight-color" id="lowlight-color"></a>-lowlight-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4210	</div>
				4211
				4212	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>when comparing images, de-emphasize pixel differences with this color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4213
				4214	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4215	<h4><a name="magnify" id="magnify"></a>-magnify <em class="arg">factor</em></h4>
				4216	</div>
				4217
				4218	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>magnify the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4219
				4220
				4221	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4222	<h4><a name="map" id="map"></a>-map <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4223	</div>
				4224
				4225	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Display image using this <em class="arg">type</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4226
				4227	<p>Choose from these <em class="arg">Standard Colormap</em> types:</p>
				4228
				4229	<pre class="text">
				4230	best
				4231	default
				4232	gray
				4233	red
				4234	green
				4235	blue
				4236	</pre>
				4237
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4238	<p>The <em class="arg">X server</em> must support the <em class="arg">Standard
				4239	Colormap</em> you choose, otherwise an error occurs. Use <kbd>list</kbd> as
				4240	the type and <kbd>display</kbd> searches the list of colormap types in
				4241	<kbd>top-to-bottom</kbd> order until one is located. See <em
				4242	class="arg">xstdcmap(1)</em> for one way of creating Standard Colormaps.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4243
				4244
				4245	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4246	<h4><a name="map_stream_" id="map_stream_"></a>-map <em class="arg">components</em></h4>
				4247	</div>
				4248
				4249	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel map.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/stream.html">stream</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4250
				4251	<p>Here are the valid components of a map:</p>
				4252
				4253	<pre class="text">
				4254	r red pixel component
				4255	g green pixel component
				4256	b blue pixel component
				4257	a alpha pixel component (0 is transparent)
				4258	o opacity pixel component (0 is opaque)
				4259	i grayscale intensity pixel component
				4260	c cyan pixel component
				4261	m magenta pixel component
				4262	y yellow pixel component
				4263	k black pixel component
				4264	p pad component (always 0)
				4265	</pre>
				4266
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4267	<p>You can specify as many of these components as needed in any order (e.g.
				4268	bgr). The components can repeat as well (e.g. rgbr).</p>
				4269
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4270
				4271	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4272	<h4><a name="mask" id="mask"></a>-mask
				4273	<em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4274	</div>
				4275
				4276	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Composite the image pixels as defined by the mask.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4277
				4278	<p>Use <a href="#mask">+mask</a> to remove the image mask.</p>
				4279
				4280	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4281	<h4><a name="mattecolor" id="mattecolor"></a>-mattecolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4282	</div>
				4283
				4284	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the color to be used with the <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4285
				4286	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				4287
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4288	<p>The default matte color is <kbd>#BDBDBD</kbd>, <span
				4289	style="background-color: #bdbdbd;">this shade of gray</span>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4290
				4291	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4292	<h4><a name="maximum" id="maximum"></a>-maximum</h4>
				4293	</div>
				4294
				4295	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the maximum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4296
				4297	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4298	<h4><a name="median" id="median"></a>-median <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				4299	</div>
				4300
				4301	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a median filter to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4302
				4303	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4304	<h4><a name="metric" id="metric"></a>-metric <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4305	</div>
				4306
				4307	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Output to STDERR a measure of the differences between images according to the <em class="arg">type</em> given metric.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4308
				4309	<p>Choose from:</p>
				4310
				4311	<pre class="text">
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4312	AE absolute error count, number of different pixels (-fuzz effected)
				4313	MAE mean absolute error (normalized), average channel error distance
				4314	MEPP mean error per pixel (normalized mean error, normalized peak error)
				4315	MSE mean error squared, average of the channel error squared
				4316	PAE peak absolute (normalize peak absolute)
				4317	PSNR peak signal to noise ratio
				4318	RMSE root mean squared (normalized root mean squared)
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4319	</pre>
				4320
				4321	<p>The '<kbd>AE</kbd>' or absolute count of pixels that are different, can be
				4322	controled using a <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor to ignore pixels which
				4323	only changed by a small amount. The '<kbd>PAE</kbd>' can be used to find the
				4324	size of the <a href="#fuzz" >-fuzz</a> factor needed to make all pixels
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4325	'similar', while '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' can be used to find out the factor needed
				4326	for about half the pixels to be similar. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4327
				4328	<p>The '<kbd>MEPP</kbd>' metric returns three different metrics
				4329	('<kbd>MAE</kbd>', '<kbd>MAE</kbd>' normalized, and '<kbd>PAE</kbd>'
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4330	normalized) from a single comparision run. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4331
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4332	<p>To print a complete list of metrics, use the <a href="#list">-list
				4333	metrics</a> option.</p>
				4334
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4335
cristy	d2baf7d	2010-03-06 04:26:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4336	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4337	<h4><a name="minimum" id="minimum"></a>-minimum</h4>
				4338	</div>
				4339
				4340	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>return the minimum intensity of an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4341
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4342
				4343	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4344	<h4><a name="mode" id="mode"></a>-mode <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4345	</div>
				4346
				4347	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mode of operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4348
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4349	<p>Choose the <em class="arg">value</em> from these styles: <kbd>Frame,
				4350	Unframe, or Concatenate</kbd></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4351
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4352	<p>Use the <a href="#list" >-list</a> option with a '<kbd>Mode</kbd>' argument
				4353	for a list of <a href="#mode" >-mode</a> arguments available in your
				4354	ImageMagick installation.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4355
				4356
				4357	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4358	<h4><a name="modulate" id="modulate"></a>-modulate <em class="arg">brightness</em>[,<em class="arg">saturation</em>,<em class="arg">hue</em>]</h4>
				4359	</div>
				4360
cristy	bac7a16	2010-06-15 19:57:29 +0000	[diff] [blame^]	4361	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Vary the <em class="arg">brightness</em>, <em
				4362	class="arg">saturation</em>, and <em class="arg">hue</em> of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4363
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4364	<p>The arguments are given as a percentages of variation. A value of 100 means
				4365	no change, and any missing values are taken to mean 100.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4366
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4367	<p>The <em class="arg">brightness</em> is a multiplier of the overall
				4368	brightness of the image, so 0 means pure black, 50 is half as bright, 200 is
				4369	twice as bright. To invert its meaning <a href="#negate">-negate</a> the image
				4370	before and after. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4371
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4372	<p>The <em class="arg">saturation</em> controls the amount of color in an
				4373	image. For example, 0 produce a grayscale image, while a large value such as
				4374	200 produce a very colorful, 'cartoonish' color.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4375
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4376	<p>The <em class="arg">hue</em> argument causes a "rotation" of the colors
				4377	within the image by the amount specified. For example, 50 results in
				4378	a counter-clockwise rotation of 90, mapping red shades to purple, and so on.
				4379	A value of either 0 or 200 results in a complete 180 degree rotation of the
				4380	image. Using a value of 300 is a 360 degree rotation resulting in no change to
				4381	the original image. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4382
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4383	<p>For example, to increase the color brightness by 20% and decrease the color
				4384	saturation by 10% and leave the hue unchanged, use <a
				4385	href="#modulate">-modulate 120,90</a>.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4386
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4387	<p>Use <a href="#set">-set</a> attribute of '<kbd
				4388	class="arg">option:modulate:colorspace</kbd>' to specify which colorspace to
				4389	modulate. Choose from <kbd>HSB</kbd>, <kbd>HSL</kbd> (the default), or
				4390	<kbd>HWB</kbd>. For example,</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4391
				4392	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.png -set option:modulate:colorspace hsb -modulate 120,90 modulate.png</span></p>
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4393
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4394	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4395	<h4><a name="monitor" id="monitor"></a>-monitor</h4>
				4396	</div>
				4397
				4398	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>monitor progress.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4399
				4400
				4401	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4402	<h4><a name="monochrome" id="monochrome"></a>-monochrome</h4>
				4403	</div>
				4404
				4405	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image to black and white.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4406
				4407
				4408	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4409	<h4><a name="morph" id="morph"></a>-morph <em class="arg">frames</em></h4>
				4410	</div>
				4411
				4412	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>morphs an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4413
				4414	<p>Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the
				4415	appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next, over all the images
				4416	in the current image list. The added images are the equivalent of a <a
				4417	href="#blend">-blend</a> composition. The <em class="arg">frames</em>
				4418	argument determine how many images to interpolate between each image. </p>
				4419
				4420
				4421	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4422	<h4><a name="morphology" id="morphology"></a>-morphology</h4>
				4423	<h4><a name="morphology" id="morphology"></a>-morphology <em class="arg">method</em> <em class="arg">kernel</em></h4>
				4424	</div>
				4425
cristy	2c83960	2010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4426	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>apply a morphology method to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4427
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4428	Until I get around to writing a option summary for this, see <A
				4429	HREF="http://www.imagemagick.org/Usage/morphology/" >IM Usage Examples,
				4430	Morphology</A>. </P>
				4431
				4432
cristy	488844c	2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4433	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4434	<h4><a name="mosaic" id="mosaic"></a>-mosaic</h4>
				4435	</div>
				4436
				4437	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>an simple alias for the <a href="#layers" >-layers</a> method "mosaic"</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4438
				4439
				4440	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4441	<h4><a name="motion-blur" id="motion-blur"></a>-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-motion-blur <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4442	</div>
				4443
				4444	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate motion blur.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4445
				4446	<p>Blur with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The
				4447	angle given is the angle toward which the image is blurred. That is the
				4448	direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				4449
				4450	<p>Note that the blur is not uniform distribution, giving the motion a
				4451	definate sense of direction of movement. </p>
				4452
				4453	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4454	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4455	</p>
				4456
				4457	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4458	<h4><a name="name" id="name"></a>-name</h4>
				4459	</div>
				4460
				4461	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4462	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4463	<h4><a name="negate" id="negate"></a>-negate</h4>
				4464	</div>
				4465
cristy	b29bc03	2010-02-01 20:29:43 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4466	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>replace each pixel with its complementary color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4467
				4468	<p>The red, green, and blue intensities of an image are negated. White becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc. Use <a href="#negate">+negate</a> to only negate the grayscale pixels of the image.</p>
				4469
				4470	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4471	<h4><a name="noise" id="noise"></a>-noise <em class="arg">radius</em><br/>
				4472	+noise <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4473	</div>
				4474
				4475	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Add or reduce noise in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4476
				4477	<p>The principal function of noise peak elimination filter is to smooth the objects within an image without losing edge information and without creating undesired structures. The central idea of the algorithm is to replace a pixel with its next neighbor in value within a pixel window, if this pixel has been found to be noise. A pixel is defined as noise if and only if this pixel is a maximum or minimum within the pixel window.</p>
				4478
				4479	<p>Use <kbd><a href="#noise">-noise</a> <em class="arg">radius</em></kbd> to specify the width of the neighborhood when reducing noise.</p>
				4480
				4481	<p>Use <a href="#noise">+noise</a> followed by a noise <em class="arg">type</em> to add noise to an image. Choose from these noise types:</p>
				4482
				4483	<pre class="text">
				4484	Gaussian
				4485	Impulse
				4486	Laplacian
				4487	Multiplicative
				4488	Poisson
				4489	Random
				4490	Uniform
				4491	</pre>
				4492
				4493	<p>To print a complete list of noises, use the <a href="#list">-list noise</a> option.</p>
				4494
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4495	<p>Also see the <a href="#evaluate">-evaluate</a> noise functions that allos
				4496	the use of a controlling value to specify teh amount of noise that should be
				4497	added to an image. </p>
				4498
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4499
				4500	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4501	<h4><a name="normalize" id="normalize"></a>-normalize</h4>
				4502	</div>
				4503
				4504	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Increase the contrast in an image by <em>stretching</em> the range of intensity values.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4505
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4506	<p>The intensity values are stretched to cover the entire range of possible
				4507	values. While doing so, black-out at most <em>2%</em> of the pixels and
				4508	white-out at most <em>1%</em> of the pixels.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4509
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4510	<p>Note that as of ImageMagick 6.4.7-0, <a href="#normalize" >-normalize</a>
				4511	is equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch 2%x1%</a>.
				4512	(Before this version, it was equivalent to <a href="#contrast-stretch"
				4513	>-contrast-stretch 2%x99%</a>).</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4514
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4515	<p>All the channels are normalized in concert by the came amount so as to
				4516	preserve color integrity, when the default <a href="#channel" >+channel</a>
				4517	setting is in use. Specifing any other <a href="#channel" >-channel</a>
				4518	setting will normalize the RGB channels independently.</p>
				4519
				4520	<p>See <a href="#contrast-stretch" >-contrast-stretch</A> for more details.
				4521	Also see <a href="#auto-level" >-auto-level</a> for a 'perfect' normalization
cristy	8354396	2009-10-16 19:04:28 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4522	that is better suited to mathematically generated images. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4523
				4524	<p>This operator is under review for re-development. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4525
				4526
				4527	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4528	<h4><a name="ordered-dither" id="ordered-dither"></a>-ordered-dither <em class="arg">threshold_map</em>{,<em class="arg">level</em>...}</h4>
				4529	</div>
				4530
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4531	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>dither the image using a pre-defined ordered dither <em
				4532	class="arg">threshold map</em> specified, and a uniform color map with the
				4533	given number of <em class="arg">levels</em> per color channel . </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4534
				4535	<p>You can choose from these standard threshold maps:</p>
				4536
				4537	<pre class="text">
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4538	threshold
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4539	checks
				4540	o2x2
				4541	o3x3
				4542	o4x4
				4543	o8x8
				4544	h4x4a
				4545	h6x6a
				4546	h8x8a
				4547	h4x4o
				4548	h6x6o
				4549	h8x8o
				4550	h16x16o
				4551	</pre>
				4552
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4553	<p>The '<kbd>o</kbd>' maps are ordered diffused pixel threshold maps, while the
				4554	'<kbd>h</kbd>' maps are halftone threshold maps which are either 'a' angled, or
				4555	'o' orthogonal. The '<kbd>checks</kbd>' produce a 3 level checkerbord dither
				4556	pattern. Or you can define your own <em class="arg" >threshold map</em> in a
				4557	personal or system "<kbd>thresholds.xml</kbd>" XML file. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4558
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4559	<p>To print a complete list of threshold, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4560	threshold</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4561
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4562	<p>It is recommended that the <a href="#map" >+map</a> operator be used after
				4563	applying <a href="#ordered-dither" >-ordered-dither</a> to reduce the number of
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4564	colors an animated image sequence, to less that 256 colors. This ensures that
				4565	a common or global color table is used when saving the result to a color
				4566	limited file format such as GIF. </p>
				4567
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4568	<p>Note that at this time the exact same threshold dithering map is used for
				4569	all color channels, no attempt is made to offset or rotate the map for
				4570	different channels is made, to create an offset printing effect. (possible
				4571	future expansion) </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4572
				4573
				4574	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4575	<h4><a name="opaque" id="opaque"></a>-opaque <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				4576	</div>
				4577
				4578	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>change this color to the fill color within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4579
cristy	c54f5d4	2009-11-27 21:36:31 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4580	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4581	described under the <a href="#fill" >-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				4582	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				4583	given.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4584
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4585	<p>Use <a href="#opaque">+opaque</a> to paint any pixel that does not match
				4586	the target color. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4587
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4588	<p>The <a href="#transparent">-transparent</a> operator is exactly the same
				4589	as <a href="#opaque" >-opaque</a> but replaces the matching color with
				4590	transparency rather than the current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting.
				4591	To ensure that it can do this it also ensures that the image has an alpha
				4592	channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha" >-alpha</a> set</kbd>", for
				4593	the new transparent colors, and does not require you to modify the <a
				4594	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4595
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4596
				4597	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4598	<h4><a name="orient" id="orient"></a>-orient <em class="arg">image orientation</em></h4>
				4599	</div>
				4600
				4601	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify orientation of a digital camera image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4602
				4603	<p>Choose from these orientations:</p>
				4604
				4605	<pre class="text">
				4606	bottom-left
				4607	bottom-right
				4608	left-bottom
				4609	left-top
				4610	right-bottom
				4611	right-top
				4612	top-left
				4613	top-right
				4614	undefined
				4615	</pre>
				4616
cristy	d934d10	2009-10-10 12:55:13 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4617	<p>To print a complete list of orientations, use the <a href="#list" >-list
				4618	orientation</a> option.</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4619
				4620
				4621	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4622	<h4><a name="page" id="page"></a>-page <em class="arg">geometry</em><br/>
				4623	-page <em class="arg">media</em>[<em class="arg">offset</em>][{<em class="arg">^!<></em>}]<br/>
				4624	+page
				4625	</h4>
				4626	</div>
				4627
				4628	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the size and location of an image on the larger virtual canvas.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4629
				4630	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4631
				4632	<p>For convenience you can specify the page size using <em class="arg">media</em> (see below). Offsets can then be added as with other <em class="arg">geometry</em> arguments (e.g. <a href="#page">-page</a> <kbd>Letter+43+43</kbd>).</p>
				4633
				4634	<p>Use <em class="arg">media</em> as shorthand to specify the dimensions (<em class="arg">width</em>x<em class="arg">height</em>) of the <em class="arg">PostScript</em> page in dots per inch or a TEXT page in pixels. The choices for a PostScript page are:</p>
				4635	<table id="geometryTable" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="1" width="50%" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
				4636	<thead>
				4637	<tr valign="top">
				4638	<th align="center"><em class="arg">media</em></th>
				4639	<th align="center"><em class="arg">width</em></th>
				4640	<th align="center"><em class="arg">height</em></th>
				4641	</tr>
				4642	</thead>
				4643	<tbody>
				4644	<tr><td align="left"> 11x17 </td> <td align="right"> 792</td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> </tr>
				4645	<tr><td align="left"> Ledger </td> <td align="right"> 1224</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4646	<tr><td align="left"> Legal </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 1008</td> </tr>
				4647	<tr><td align="left"> Letter </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4648	<tr><td align="left"> LetterSmall</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 792</td> </tr>
				4649	<tr><td align="left"> ArchE </td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> <td align="right"> 3456</td> </tr>
				4650	<tr><td align="left"> ArchD </td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> <td align="right"> 2592</td> </tr>
				4651	<tr><td align="left"> ArchC </td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> <td align="right"> 1728</td> </tr>
				4652	<tr><td align="left"> ArchB </td> <td align="right"> 864</td> <td align="right"> 1296</td> </tr>
				4653	<tr><td align="left"> ArchA </td> <td align="right"> 648</td> <td align="right"> 864</td> </tr>
				4654	<tr><td align="left"> A0 </td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> <td align="right"> 3368</td> </tr>
				4655	<tr><td align="left"> A1 </td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> <td align="right"> 2380</td> </tr>
				4656	<tr><td align="left"> A2 </td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> <td align="right"> 1684</td> </tr>
				4657	<tr><td align="left"> A3 </td> <td align="right"> 842</td> <td align="right"> 1190</td> </tr>
				4658	<tr><td align="left"> A4 </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4659	<tr><td align="left"> A4Small </td> <td align="right"> 595</td> <td align="right"> 842</td> </tr>
				4660	<tr><td align="left"> A5 </td> <td align="right"> 421</td> <td align="right"> 595</td> </tr>
				4661	<tr><td align="left"> A6 </td> <td align="right"> 297</td> <td align="right"> 421</td> </tr>
				4662	<tr><td align="left"> A7 </td> <td align="right"> 210</td> <td align="right"> 297</td> </tr>
				4663	<tr><td align="left"> A8 </td> <td align="right"> 148</td> <td align="right"> 210</td> </tr>
				4664	<tr><td align="left"> A9 </td> <td align="right"> 105</td> <td align="right"> 148</td> </tr>
				4665	<tr><td align="left"> A10 </td> <td align="right"> 74</td> <td align="right"> 105</td> </tr>
				4666	<tr><td align="left"> B0 </td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> <td align="right"> 4008</td> </tr>
				4667	<tr><td align="left"> B1 </td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> <td align="right"> 2836</td> </tr>
				4668	<tr><td align="left"> B2 </td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> <td align="right"> 2004</td> </tr>
				4669	<tr><td align="left"> B3 </td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> <td align="right"> 1418</td> </tr>
				4670	<tr><td align="left"> B4 </td> <td align="right"> 709</td> <td align="right"> 1002</td> </tr>
				4671	<tr><td align="left"> B5 </td> <td align="right"> 501</td> <td align="right"> 709</td> </tr>
				4672	<tr><td align="left"> C0 </td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> <td align="right"> 3677</td> </tr>
				4673	<tr><td align="left"> C1 </td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> <td align="right"> 2600</td> </tr>
				4674	<tr><td align="left"> C2 </td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> <td align="right"> 1837</td> </tr>
				4675	<tr><td align="left"> C3 </td> <td align="right"> 918</td> <td align="right"> 1298</td> </tr>
				4676	<tr><td align="left"> C4 </td> <td align="right"> 649</td> <td align="right"> 918</td> </tr>
				4677	<tr><td align="left"> C5 </td> <td align="right"> 459</td> <td align="right"> 649</td> </tr>
				4678	<tr><td align="left"> C6 </td> <td align="right"> 323</td> <td align="right"> 459</td> </tr>
				4679	<tr><td align="left"> Flsa </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4680	<tr><td align="left"> Flse </td> <td align="right"> 612</td> <td align="right"> 936</td> </tr>
				4681	<tr><td align="left"> HalfLetter </td> <td align="right"> 396</td> <td align="right"> 612</td> </tr>
				4682	</tbody>
				4683	</table>
				4684
				4685
				4686
				4687
				4688	<p>This option is also used to place subimages when writing to a multi-image format that supports offsets, such as GIF89 and MNG. When used for this purpose the offsets are always measured from the top left corner of the canvas and are not affected by the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option. To position a GIF or MNG image, use <a href="#page">-page</a><em class="arg">{+-}x{+-}y</em> (e.g. -page +100+200). When writing to a MNG file, a <a href="#page">-page</a> option appearing ahead of the first image in the sequence with nonzero width and height defines the width and height values that are written in the <kbd>MHDR</kbd> chunk. Otherwise, the MNG width and height are computed from the bounding box that contains all images in the sequence. When writing a GIF89 file, only the bounding box method is used to determine its dimensions.</p>
				4689
				4690	<p>For a PostScript page, the image is sized as in <a href="#geometry">-geometry</a> but positioned relative to the <em>lower left-hand corner</em> of the page by {+-}<kbd>x</kbd><em class="arg">offset</em>{+-}<kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em>. Use <a href="#page">-page 612x792</a>, for example, to center the image within the page. If the image size exceeds the PostScript page, it is reduced to fit the page. The default gravity for the <a href="#page">-page</a> option is <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>, i.e., positive <kbd>x</kbd> and <kbd>y</kbd> <em class="arg">offset</em> are measured rightward and downward from the top left corner of the page, unless the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option is present with a value other than <em class="arg">NorthWest</em>.</p>
				4691
				4692	<p>The default page dimensions for a TEXT image is 612x792.</p>
				4693
				4694	<p>This option is used in concert with <a href="#density">-density</a>.</p>
				4695
				4696	<p>Use <a href="#page">+page</a> to remove the page settings for an image.</p>
				4697
				4698	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4699	<h4><a name="paint" id="paint"></a>-paint <em class="arg">radius</em></h4>
				4700	</div>
				4701
				4702	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an oil painting.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4703
				4704	<p>Each pixel is replaced by the most frequent color in a circular neighborhood whose width is specified with <em class="arg">radius</em>.</p>
				4705
				4706	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4707	<h4><a name="path" id="path"></a>-path <em class="arg">path</em></h4></div>
				4708
				4709	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write images to this path on disk.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4710
				4711	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4712	<h4><a name="pause_animate_" id="pause_animate_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				4713	</div>
				4714
				4715	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between animation loops.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4716
				4717	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before repeating the animation.</p>
				4718
				4719	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4720	<h4><a name="pause_import_" id="pause_import_"></a>-pause <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				4721	</div>
				4722
				4723	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pause between snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				4724
				4725	<p>Pause for the specified number of seconds before taking the next snapshot.</p>
				4726
				4727	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4728	<h4><a name="ping" id="ping"></a>-ping</h4>
				4729	</div>
				4730
				4731	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>efficiently determine image characteristics.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4732
				4733	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4734	<h4><a name="pointsize" id="pointsize"></a>-pointsize <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4735	</div>
				4736
				4737	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pointsize of the PostScript, OPTION1, or TrueType font.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4738
				4739	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4740	<h4><a name="polaroid" id="polaroid"></a>-polaroid <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4741	</div>
				4742
				4743	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a Polaroid picture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4744
				4745	<p>Use <kbd>+polaroid</kbd> to rotate the image at a random angle between -15 and +15 degrees.</p>
				4746
				4747	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4748	<h4><a name="posterize" id="posterize"></a>-posterize <em class="arg">levels</em></h4>
				4749	</div>
				4750
				4751	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce the image to a limited number of color levels.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4752
				4753	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	d43a46b	2010-01-21 02:13:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4754	<h4><a name="precision" id="precision"></a>-precision <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4755	</div>
				4756
				4757	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the maximum number of significant digits to be printed.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4758
				4759	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4760	<h4><a name="preview" id="preview"></a>-preview <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				4761	</div>
				4762
				4763	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>image preview type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4764
				4765	<p>Use this option to affect the preview operation of an image (e.g. <kbd>convert file.png -preview Gamma Preview:gamma.png</kbd>). Choose from these previews:</p>
				4766
				4767	<pre class="text">
				4768	Rotate
				4769	Shear
				4770	Roll
				4771	Hue
				4772	Saturation
				4773	Brightness
				4774	Gamma
				4775	Spiff
				4776	Dull
				4777	Grayscale
				4778	Quantize
				4779	Despeckle
				4780	ReduceNoise
				4781	Add Noise
				4782	Sharpen
				4783	Blur
				4784	Threshold
				4785	EdgeDetect
				4786	Spread
				4787	Shade
				4788	Raise
				4789	Segment
				4790	Solarize
				4791	Swirl
				4792	Implode
				4793	Wave
				4794	OilPaint
				4795	CharcoalDrawing
				4796	JPEG
				4797	</pre>
				4798
				4799	<p>To print a complete list of previews, use the <a href="#list">-list preview</a> option.</p>
				4800
				4801	<p>The default preview is <kbd>JPEG</kbd>.</p>
				4802
				4803	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4804	<h4><a name="print" id="print"></a>-print <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				4805	</div>
				4806
				4807	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>interpret string and print to console.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4808
				4809	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4810	<h4><a name="process" id="process"></a>-process <em class="arg">command</em></h4>
				4811	</div>
				4812
				4813	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>process the image with a custom image filter.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4814
				4815	<p>The command arguments has the form <kbd>"module arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN"</kbd> where <kbd>module</kbd> is the name of the module to invoke (e.g. "Analyze") and arg1 arg2 arg3 ... argN are an arbitrary number of arguments to pass to the process module.</p>
				4816
				4817	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4818	<h4><a name="profile" id="profile"></a>-profile <em class="arg">filename</em><br/>
				4819	+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></h4>
				4820	</div>
				4821
				4822	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Manage ICM, IPTC, or generic profiles in an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4823
				4824	<p>Using <a href="#profile">-profile</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> adds an ICM (ICC color management), IPTC (newswire information), or a generic profile to the image.</p>
				4825
				4826	<p>Use <a href="#profile">+profile <em class="arg">profile_name</em></a> to remove the indicated profile. ImageMagick uses standard filename globbing, so wildcard expressions may be used to remove more than one profile. Here we remove all profiles from the image except for the XMP profile: <kbd>+profile "!xmp,*"</kbd>. </p>
				4827
				4828	<p>Use <kbd>identify -verbose</kbd> to find out which profiles are in the image file. Use <a href="#strip">-strip</a> to remove all profiles (and comments).</p>
				4829
				4830	<p>To extract a profile, the <a href="#profile">-profile</a> option is not used. Instead, simply write the file to an image format such as <em class="arg">APP1, 8BImageMagick, ICM,</em> or <em class="arg">IPTC</em>.</p>
				4831
				4832	<p>For example, to extract the Exif data (which is stored in JPEG files in the <em class="arg">APP1</em> profile), use.</p>
				4833
				4834	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert cockatoo.jpg profile.exif</span></p>
				4835	<p>It is important to note that results may depend on whether or not the original image already has an included profile. Also, keep in mind that <a href="#profile">-profile</a> is an "operator" (as opposed to a "setting") and therefore a conversion is made each time it is encountered, in order, in the command-line. For instance, in the following example, if the original image is CMYK with profile, a CMYK-CMYK-RGB conversion results.</p>
				4836
				4837	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert CMYK.tif -profile "CMYK.icc" -profile "RGB.icc" RGB.tiff</span></p>
				4838	<p>Furthermore, since ICC profiles are not necessarily symmetric, extra conversion steps can yield unwanted results.
				4839	CMYK profiles are often very asymmetric since they involve 3−>4 and 4−>3 channel mapping.
				4840	</p>
				4841
				4842	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4843	<h4><a name="quality" id="quality"></a>-quality <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				4844	</div>
				4845
				4846	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4847
				4848	<p>For the JPEG and MPEG image formats, quality is 0 (lowest image quality and highest compression) to 100 (best quality but least effective compression). The default is to use the estimate quality of your input image otherwise 85. Use the <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor</a> option to specify the factors for chroma downsampling.</p>
				4849
				4850	<p>For the MIFF image format, quality/10 is the zlib compression level, which is 0 (worst but fastest compression) to 9 (best but slowest). It has no effect on the image appearance, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4851
				4852	<p>For the JPEG-2000 image format, quality is mapped using a non-linear equation to the compression ratio required by the Jasper library. This non-linear equation is intended to loosely approximate the quality provided by the JPEG v1 format. The default quality value 85 results in a request for 16:1 compression. The quality value 100 results in a request for non-lossy compression.</p>
				4853
				4854	<p>For the MNG and PNG image formats, the quality value sets the zlib compression level (quality / 10) and filter-type (quality % 10). Compression levels range from 0 (fastest compression) to 100 (best but slowest). For compression level 0, the Huffman-only strategy is used, which is fastest but not necessarily the worst compression.</p>
				4855
				4856	<p>If filter-type is 4 or less, the specified filter-type is used for all scanlines:</p>
				4857
				4858	<pre class="text">
				4859	0: none
				4860	1: sub
				4861	2: up
				4862	3: average
				4863	4: Paeth
				4864	</pre>
				4865
				4866	<p>If filter-type is 5, adaptive filtering is used when quality is greater than 50 and the image does not have a color map, otherwise no filtering is used.</p>
				4867
				4868	<p>If filter-type is 6, adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> is used.</p>
				4869
				4870	<p>Only if the output is MNG, if filter-type is 7, the LOCO color transformation and adaptive filtering with <em class="arg">minimum-sum-of-absolute-values</em> are used.</p>
				4871
				4872	<p>The default is quality is 85, which means nearly the best compression with adaptive filtering. The quality setting has no effect on the appearance of PNG and MNG images, since the compression is always lossless.</p>
				4873
				4874	<p>For further information, see the <a href="http://www.w3.org/pub/WWW/TR">PNG</a> specification.</p>
				4875
				4876	<p>When writing a JNG image with transparency, two quality values are required, one for the main image and one for the grayscale image that conveys the alpha channel. These are written as a single integer equal to the main image quality plus 1000 times the opacity quality. For example, if you want to use quality 85 for the main image and quality 90 to compress the opacity data, use <a href="#quality">-quality 90085</a>.</p>
				4877
				4878	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4879	<h4><a name="quantize" id="quantize"></a>-quantize <em class="arg">colorspace</em></h4>
				4880	</div>
				4881
				4882	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>reduce colors in this colorspace.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4883
				4884	<p>To print a complete list of colorspaces, use the <a href="#list">-list colorspace</a> option.</p>
				4885
				4886
				4887	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4888	<h4><a name="quiet" id="quiet"></a>-quiet</h4>
				4889	</div>
				4890
				4891	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>suppress all warning messages. Error messages are still reported.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4892
				4893	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4894	<h4><a name="radial-blur" id="radial-blur"></a>-radial-blur <em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				4895	</div>
				4896
				4897	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Blur around the center of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4898
				4899	<p>Note that this is actually a rotational blur rather than a radial and as
				4900	such actually mis-named. </p>
				4901
				4902	<p>The <a href="#virtual-pixel">-virtual-pixel</a> setting will determine how
				4903	pixels which are outside the image proper are blurred into the final result.
				4904	</p>
				4905
				4906
				4907	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4908	<h4><a name="raise" id="raise"></a>-raise <em class="arg">thickness</em></h4>
				4909	</div>
				4910
				4911	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Lighten or darken image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4912
				4913	<p>This will create a 3-D effect. Use <a href="#raise">-raise</a> to create a raised effect, otherwise use <a href="#raise">+raise</a>.
				4914	</p>
				4915
				4916	<p>Unlike the similar <a href="#frame">-frame</a> option, <a href="#raise">-raise</a> does not alter the dimensions of the image.</p>
				4917
				4918	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4919	<h4><a name="random-threshold" id="random-threshold"></a>-random-threshold <em class="arg">low</em>x<em class="arg">high</em></h4>
				4920	</div>
				4921
				4922	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply a random threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4923
				4924	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	4925	<h4><a name="red-primary" id="red-primary"></a>-red-primary <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				4926	</div>
				4927
				4928	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the red chromaticity primary point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4929
				4930	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4931	<h4><a name="regard-warnings" id="regard-warnings"></a>-regard-warnings</h4>
				4932	</div>
				4933
				4934	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Pay attention to warning messages.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4935
				4936	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4937	<h4><a name="remap" id="remap"></a>-remap <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				4938	</div>
				4939
				4940	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reduce the number of colors in an image to the colors used by this image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4941
				4942	<p>If the <a href="#dither">-dither</a> setting is enabled (the default) then
				4943	the given colors are dithered over the image as necessary, otherwise the closest
				4944	color (in RGB colorspace) is selected to replace that pixel in the image. </p>
				4945
				4946	<p>As a side effect of applying a <a href="#remap">-remap</a> of colors across all
				4947	images in the current image sequence, all the images will have the same color
				4948	table. That means that when saved to a file format such as GIF, it will use
				4949	that color table as a single common or global color table, for all the images,
				4950	without requiring extra local color tables. </p>
				4951
				4952	<p>Use <a href="#remap">+remap</a> to reduce all images in the current image
				4953	sequence to use a common color map over all the images. This equivalent to
				4954	appending all the images together (without extra background colors) and color
				4955	reducing those images using <a href="#colors">-colors</a> with a 256 color
				4956	limit, then <a href="#remap">-remap</a> those colors over the original list of
				4957	images. This ensures all the images follow a single color map. </p>
				4958
				4959	<p>If the number of colors over all the images is less than 256, then <a
				4960	href="#remap">+remap</a> should not perform any color reduction or dithering, as
				4961	no color changes are needed. In that case, its only effect is to force the use
				4962	of a global color table. This recommended after using either <a
				4963	href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#ordered-dither">-ordered-dither</a> to
				4964	reduce the number of colors in an animated image sequence. </p>
				4965
				4966	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4967	<h4><a name="region" id="region"></a>-region <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4968	</div>
				4969
				4970	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a region in which subsequent operations apply.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4971
				4972	<p>The <em class="arg">x</em> and <em class="arg">y</em> offsets are treated in the same manner as in <a href="#crop">-crop</a>.</p>
				4973
				4974	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				4975
				4976	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4977	<h4><a name="remote" id="remote"></a>-remote</h4>
				4978	</div>
				4979
				4980	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>perform a remote operation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4981
				4982	<p>The only command recognized is the name of an image file to load.</p>
				4983
				4984	<p>If you have more than one <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> application running simultaneously, use the <a href="#window"> window</a> option to specify which application to control.</p>
				4985
				4986	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4987	<h4><a name="render" id="render"></a>-render</h4>
				4988	</div>
				4989
				4990	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>render vector operations.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4991
				4992	<p>Use <a href="#render">+render</a> to turn off rendering vector operations. This useful when saving the result to vector formats such as MVG or SVG.</p>
				4993
				4994	<div style="margin: auto;">
				4995	<h4><a name="repage" id="repage"></a>-repage <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				4996	</div>
				4997
				4998	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Adjust the canvas and offset information of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				4999
				5000	<p>This option is like <a href="#page">-page</a> but acts as an image operator
				5001	rather than a setting. You can separately set the canvas size or the offset
				5002	of the image on that canvas by only providing those components. </p>
				5003
				5004	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5005
				5006	<p>If a <kbd>!</kbd> flag is given the offset given is added to the existing
				5007	offset to move the image relative to its previous position. This useful for
				5008	animation sequences. </p>
				5009
				5010	<p>A given a canvas size of zero such as '<kbd>0x0</kbd>' forces it to
				5011	recalculate the canvas size so the image (at its current offset) will appear
				5012	completely on that canvas (unless it has a negative offset).</p>
				5013
				5014	<p>Use <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to completely remove/reset the virtual
				5015	canvas meta-data from the images. </p>
				5016
				5017	<p>The <a href="#set">-set</a> '<kbd>page</kbd>' option can be used to
				5018	directly assign virtual canvas meta-data. </p>
				5019
				5020
				5021	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5022	<h4><a name="resample" id="resample"></a>-resample <em class="arg">horizontal</em>x<em class="arg">vertical</em></h4>
				5023	</div>
				5024
				5025	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resample image to specified horizontal and vertical resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5026
				5027	<p>Resize the image so that its rendered size remains the same as the original at the specified target resolution. For example, if a 300 DPI image renders at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 300 DPI device, when the image has been resampled to 72 DPI, it will render at 3 inches by 2 inches on a 72 DPI device. Note that only a small number of image formats (e.g. JPEG, PNG, and TIFF) are capable of storing the image resolution. For formats which do not support an image resolution, the original resolution of the image must be specified via <a href="#density">-density</a> on the command line prior to specifying the resample resolution.</p>
				5028
				5029	<p>Note that Photoshop stores and obtains image resolution from a proprietary embedded profile. If this profile exists in the image, then Photoshop will continue to treat the image using its former resolution, ignoring the image resolution specified in the standard file header.</p>
				5030
				5031	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5032	<h4><a name="resize" id="resize"></a>-resize <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5033	</div>
				5034
				5035	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Resize an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5036
				5037	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				5038
				5039	<p>If the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> option precedes the <a href="#resize">-resize</a> option, the image is resized with the specified filter.</p>
				5040
cristy	1353896	2010-02-26 17:53:04 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5041	<p>Many image processing algorithms assume your image is in a linear-light coding. If your image is gamma-corrected, you can remove the nonlinear gamma correction, apply the transform, then restore it like this:</p>
				5042
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5043	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert portrait.jpg -gamma .45455 -resize 25% -gamma 2.2 \ <br/> -quality 92 passport.jpg</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5044	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5045	<h4><a name="respect-parentheses" id="respect-parentheses"></a>-respect-parentheses</h4>
				5046	</div>
				5047
				5048	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>settings remain in effect until parenthesis boundary.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5049
				5050	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5051	<h4><a name="reverse" id="reverse"></a>-reverse</h4>
				5052	</div>
				5053
				5054	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Reverse the order of images in the current image list.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5055
				5056
				5057	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5058	<h4><a name="roll" id="roll"></a>-roll {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				5059	</div>
				5060
				5061	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>roll an image vertically or horizontally by the amount given.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5062
				5063	<p>A negative <em class="arg">x</em> offset rolls the image left-to-right. A negative <em class="arg">y</em> offset rolls the image top-to-bottom.</p>
				5064
				5065
				5066	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5067	<h4><a name="rotate" id="rotate"></a>-rotate <em class="arg">degrees</em>{<em class="arg"><</em>}{<em class="arg">></em>}</h4>
				5068	</div>
				5069
				5070	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply Paeth image rotation (using shear operations) to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5071
				5072	<p>Use <kbd>></kbd> to rotate the image only if its width exceeds the height. <kbd><</kbd> rotates the image <em>only</em> if its width is less than the height. For example, if you specify <kbd>-rotate "-90>"</kbd> and the image size is 480x640, the image is not rotated. However, if the image is 640x480, it is rotated by -90 degrees. If you use <kbd>></kbd> or <kbd><</kbd>, enclose it in quotation marks to prevent it from being misinterpreted as a file redirection.</p>
				5073
				5074	<p>Empty triangles in the corners, left over from rotating the image, are
				5075	filled with the <kbd>background</kbd> color. </p>
				5076
				5077	<p>See also the <a href="#distort">-distort</a> operator and specifically the
				5078	'<kbd>ScaleRotateTranslate</kbd>' distort method. </p>
				5079
				5080
				5081	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5082	<h4><a name="sample" id="sample"></a>-sample <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5083	</div>
				5084
				5085	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale image using pixel sampling.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5086
				5087	<p><a href="#sample">-sample</a> ignores the current <a href="#resize">-resize</a> <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting. The results are equivalent to using <a href="#resize">-resize</a> with a <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting of <kbd>point</kbd>, though <a href="#sample">-sample</a> is a lot faster. </p>
				5088
				5089	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. Offsets, if present in the geometry string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				5090
				5091
				5092	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5093	<h4><a name="sampling-factor" id="sampling-factor"></a>-sampling-factor <em class="arg">horizontal-factor</em>x<em class="arg">vertical-factor</em></h4>
				5094	</div>
				5095
				5096	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sampling factors used by JPEG or MPEG-2 encoder and YUV decoder/encoder.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5097
				5098	<p>This option specifies the sampling factors to be used by the JPEG encoder for chroma downsampling. If this option is omitted, the JPEG library will use its own default values. When reading or writing the YUV format and when writing the M2V (MPEG-2) format, use <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 2x1</a> or <a href="#sampling-factor">-sampling-factor 4:2:2</a> to specify the 4:2:2 downsampling method.</p>
				5099
				5100	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5101	<h4><a name="scale" id="scale"></a>-scale <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5102	</div>
				5103
				5104	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>scale the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5105
				5106	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. The <a href="#scale">-scale</a> option uses a simpler, faster algorithm than <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, and it ignores the <a href="#filter">-filter</a> setting if one is present. Offsets, if present in the <em class="arg">geometry</em> string, are ignored, and the <a href="#gravity">-gravity</a> option has no effect.</p>
				5107
				5108	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5109	<h4><a name="scene" id="scene"></a>-scene <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5110	</div>
				5111
				5112	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set scene number.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5113
				5114	<p>This option sets the scene number of an image or the first image in an image sequence.</p>
				5115
				5116	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5117	<h4><a name="screen" id="screen"></a>-screen</h4>
				5118	</div>
				5119
				5120	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the screen to capture.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5121
				5122	<p>This option indicates that the GetImage request used to obtain the image should be done on the root window, rather than directly on the specified window. In this way, you can obtain pieces of other windows that overlap the specified window, and more importantly, you can capture menus or other popups that are independent windows but appear over the specified window.</p>
				5123
				5124	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5125	<h4><a name="seed" id="seed"></a>-seed</h4>
				5126	</div>
				5127
				5128	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>seed a new sequence of pseudo-random numbers</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5129
				5130	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5131	<h4><a name="segment" id="segment"></a>-segment <em class="arg">cluster-threshold</em>x<em class="arg">smoothing-threshold</em></h4>
				5132	</div>
				5133
				5134	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>segment the colors of an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5135
				5136	<p>Segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous with the fuzzy c-means technique. This is part of the ImageMagick color quantization routines. </p>
				5137
				5138	<p>Specify <em class="arg">cluster threshold</em> as the number of pixels in each cluster that must exceed the cluster threshold to be considered valid. <em class="arg">Smoothing threshold</em> eliminates noise in the second derivative of the histogram. As the value is increased, you can expect a smoother second derivative. The default is 1.5.</p>
				5139
				5140	<p>If the <a href="#verbose">-verbose</a> setting is defined, a detailed report
				5141	of the color clusters is returned.</p>
				5142
				5143
				5144	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5145	<h4><a name="selective-blur" id="selective-blur"></a>-selective-blur <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5146	</div>
				5147
				5148	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5149
				5150	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5151	<h4><a name="separate" id="separate"></a>-separate</h4>
				5152	</div>
				5153
				5154	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>separate an image channel into a grayscale image. Specify the channel with <a href="#channel">-channel</a>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5155
				5156	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5157	<h4><a name="sepia-tone" id="sepia-tone"></a>-sepia-tone <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				5158	</div>
				5159
				5160	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a sepia-toned photo.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5161
				5162	<p>Specify <em class="arg">threshold</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5163
				5164	<p>This option applies a special effect to the image, similar to the effect achieved in a photo darkroom by sepia toning. Threshold ranges from 0 to <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em> and is a measure of the extent of the sepia toning. A threshold of 80% is a good starting point for a reasonable tone.</p>
				5165
				5166	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5167	<h4><a name="set" id="set"></a>-set <em class="arg">attribute value</em></h4>
				5168	</div>
				5169
				5170	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set an image attribute for all images in the current image sequence, after they have been created or read in. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5171
				5172	<p>Attributes of interest include <a href="#comment">-comment</a>, <a href="#delay">-delay</a>, <a href="#dispose">-dispose</a>, and <a href="#page">-page</a>. For example:</p>
				5173
cristy	4949d52	2010-03-12 18:41:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5174	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert rose: -set comment 'Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose' \ <br/> rose.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>identify -format %c rose.png</span><span class='crtout'>Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5175	<p>The <a href="#repage">-repage</a> operator will also set the
				5176	'<kbd>page</kbd>' attribute of images already in memory, but allows you to
				5177	separately set the virtual canvas's size and offset components, and also allows
				5178	relative offset changes, and automatic canvas size re-calculating. The above
				5179	<a href="#set">-set</a> option is purely a direct, unmodified assignment of the
				5180	virtual canvas (page) meta-data. </p>
				5181
cristy	0391e8d	2010-04-10 01:36:10 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5182	<p>Use this option to associate a colorspace or profile with your image. For example,</p>
				5183	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert image.psd -set profile ISOcoated_v2_eci.icc image-icc.psd</span></p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5184	<p>Set image options by prefixing the value with <kbd>option:</kbd>. Set attributes of the image registry by prefixing the value with <kbd>registry:</kbd>.</p>
				5185
				5186	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5187	<h4><a name="shade" id="shade"></a>-shade <em class="arg">azimuth</em>x<em class="arg">elevation</em></h4>
				5188	</div>
				5189
				5190	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>shade the image using a distant light source.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5191
				5192	<p>Specify <em class="arg">azimuth</em> and <em class="arg">elevation</em> as the position of the light source. Use <a href="#shade">+shade</a> to return the shading results as a grayscale image.</p>
				5193
				5194	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5195	<h4><a name="shadow" id="shadow"></a>-shadow <em class="arg">percent-opacity</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5196	</div>
				5197
				5198	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate an image shadow.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5199
				5200	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5201	<h4><a name="shared-memory"
				5202	id="shared-memory"></a>-shared-memory</h4>
				5203	</div>
				5204
				5205	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>use shared memory.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5206
				5207	<p>This option specifies whether the utility should attempt to use shared memory for pixmaps. ImageMagick must be compiled with shared memory support, and the display must support the <em class="arg">MIT-SHM</em> extension. Otherwise, this option is ignored. The default is <kbd>True</kbd>.</p>
				5208
				5209	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5210	<h4><a name="sharpen" id="sharpen"></a>-sharpen <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}</h4>
				5211	</div>
				5212
				5213	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5214
				5215	<p>Use a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</p>
				5216
				5217	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5218	<h4><a name="shave" id="shave"></a>-shave <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5219	</div>
				5220
				5221	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shave pixels from the image edges.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5222
				5223	<p>The <em class="arg">size</em> portion of the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument specifies the width of the region to be removed from both sides of the image and the height of the regions to be removed from top and bottom. Offsets are ignored.</p>
				5224
				5225	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5226
				5227	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5228	<h4><a name="shear" id="shear"></a>-shear <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em>[x<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em>]</h4>
				5229	</div>
				5230
				5231	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the image along the x-axis and/or y-axis.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5232
				5233	<p>The shear angles may be positive, negative, or zero. When <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is omitted it defaults to 0. When both angles are given, the horizontal component of the shear is performed before the vertical component.</p>
				5234
				5235	<p>Shearing slides one edge of an image along the x-axis or y-axis (i.e., horizontally or vertically, respectively),creating a parallelogram. The amount of each is controlled by the respective shear angle. For horizontal shears, <em class="arg">Xdegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "up" (the negative y-axis), sliding the top edge to the right when 0°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><90° and to the left when 90°<<em class="arg">Xdegrees</em><180°. For vertical shears <em class="arg">Ydegrees</em> is measured clockwise relative to "right" (the positive x-axis), sliding the right edge down when 0°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><90° and up when 90°<<em class="arg">Ydegrees</em><180°.</p>
				5236
				5237	<p>Empty triangles left over from shearing the image are filled with the color defined by the <a href="#fill">-background</a> option. The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5238
				5239	<p>The horizontal shear is performed before the vertical part. This is important to note, since horizontal and vertical shears do not <em>commute</em>, i.e., the order matters in a sequence of shears. For example, the following two commands are not equivalent.</p>
				5240
				5241	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x0 -shear 0x60 logo-sheared.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 0x60 -shear 20x0 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5242	<p>The first of the two commands above is equivalent to the following, except for the amount of empty space created; the command that follows generates a smaller image, and so is a better choice in terms of time and space.</p>
				5243
				5244	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert logo: -shear 20x60 logo-sheared.png</span></p>
				5245	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5246	<h4><a name="sigmoidal" id="sigmoidal-contrast"></a>-sigmoidal-contrast <em class="arg">contrast</em>x<em class="arg">mid-point</em></h4>
				5247	</div>
				5248
				5249	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>increase the contrast without saturating highlights or shadows.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5250
				5251	<p>Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="arg">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="arg">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). By default the image contrast is increased, use <em class="arg">+sigmoidal-contrast</em> to decrease the contrast.</p>
				5252
				5253	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5254	<h4><a name="silent" id="silent"></a>-silent</h4>
				5255	</div>
				5256
				5257	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>operate silently.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5258
				5259	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5260	<h4><a name="size" id="size"></a>-size <em class="arg">width</em>[x<em class="arg">height</em>][<em class="arg">+offset</em>]</h4>
				5261	</div>
				5262
				5263	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the width and height of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5264
				5265	<p>Use this option to specify the width and height of raw images whose dimensions are unknown such as <kbd>GRAY</kbd>, <kbd>RGB</kbd>, or <kbd>CMYK</kbd>. In addition to width and height, use <a href="#size">-size</a> with an offset to skip any header information in the image or tell the number of colors in a <kbd>MAP</kbd> image file, (e.g. -size 640x512+256).</p>
				5266
				5267	<p>For Photo CD images, choose from these sizes:</p>
				5268
				5269	<pre class="text">
				5270	192x128
				5271	384x256
				5272	768x512
				5273	1536x1024
				5274	3072x2048
				5275	</pre>
				5276
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5277	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5278	<h4><a name="sketch" id="sketch"></a>-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-sketch <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>+<em class="arg">angle</em></h4>
				5279	</div>
				5280
				5281	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>simulate a pencil sketch.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5282
				5283	<p>Sketch with the given radius, standard deviation (sigma), and angle. The angle given is the angle toward which the image is sketched. That is the direction people would consider the object is coming from. </p>
				5284
				5285	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5286	<h4><a name="snaps" id="snaps"></a>-snaps <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5287	</div>
				5288
				5289	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the number of screen snapshots.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/import.html">import</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5290
				5291	<p>Use this option to grab more than one image from the X server screen, to create an animation sequence.</p>
				5292
				5293	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5294	<h4><a name="solarize" id="solarize"></a>-solarize <em class="arg">threshold</em></h4>
				5295	</div>
				5296
				5297	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>negate all pixels above the threshold level.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5298
				5299	<p>Specify <em class="arg">factor</em> as the percent threshold of the intensity (0 - 99.9%).</p>
				5300
				5301	<p>This option produces a <em class="arg">solarization</em> effect seen when exposing a photographic film to light during the development process.</p>
				5302
				5303	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5304	<h4><a name="sparse-color" id="sparse-color"></a>-sparse-color <em
				5305	class="arg">method</em> '<em class="arg">x</em>,<em class="arg">y</em> <em class="arg">color</em> ...'</h4>
				5306	</div>
				5307
				5308	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'> color the given image using the specified points of color, and filling the other intervening colors using the given methods. </td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5309
				5310
				5311	<table class="doc">
				5312	<tbody>
				5313	<tr valign="top">
				5314	<th align="left" style="width: 8%">Method</th>
				5315	<th align="left">Description</th>
				5316	</tr>
				5317
				5318	<tr valign="top">
				5319	<td valign="top">voronoi</td>
				5320	<td valign="top">Simply map each pixel to the to nearest color point
				5321	given. The result are polygonal 'cells' of solid color. </td>
				5322	</tr>
				5323
				5324	<tr valign="top">
				5325	<td valign="top">shepards</td>
				5326	<td valign="top">Colors points basied on the ratio of inverse distance
				5327	squared. Generating spots of color in a sea of the average of
				5328	colors. </td>
				5329	</tr>
				5330
				5331	<tr valign="top">
				5332	<td valign="top">barycentric</td>
				5333	<td valign="top">three point triangle of color given 3 points.
				5334	Giving only 2 points will form a linear gradient between those points.
				5335	Gradient is however not restricted to just the triangle or line. </td>
				5336	</tr>
				5337
				5338	<tr valign="top">
				5339	<td valign="top">bilinear</td>
				5340	<td valign="top">Like barycentric but for 4 points. Less than 4 points
				5341	fall back to barycentric. </td>
				5342	</tr>
				5343
				5344	</tbody>
				5345	</table>
				5346
				5347	<p>The points are placed according to the images location on the virtual
				5348	canvas (<a href="#page" >-page</a> or <a href="#repage" >-repage</a>
				5349	offset), and do not actually have to exist on the given image, but may be
				5350	some point beyond the edge of the image. All points are floating point values.
				5351	</p>
				5352
				5353	<p>Only the color channels defined by the <a href="#channel" >-channel</a> are
				5354	modified, whcih means the matte/alpha transparency channel is not effected by
				5355	default. If enabled, the image also needs a the matte/alpha channel to be
				5356	enabled for this operator to effect an images transparency. This is typical
				5357	transparency handling for images. </p>
				5358
				5359	<p>All the above methods when given a single point of color will replace all
				5360	the colors in the image with the color given, regardless of the point. This is
				5361	logical, and provides an alternative technique to recolor a image to some
				5362	default value. </p>
				5363
				5364
				5365	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5366	<h4><a name="splice" id="splice"></a>-splice <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5367	</div>
				5368
				5369	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Splice the current background color into the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5370
				5371	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument. See <a href="#background">-background</a> to reset the background color.</p>
				5372
				5373	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5374	<h4><a name="spread" id="spread"></a>-spread <em class="arg">amount</em></h4>
				5375	</div>
				5376
				5377	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>displace image pixels by a random amount.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5378
				5379	<p>The argument <em class="arg">amount</em> defines the size of the neighborhood around each pixel from which to choose a candidate pixel to swap.</p>
				5380
				5381	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5382	<h4><a name="stegano" id="stegano"></a>-stegano <em class="arg">offset</em></h4>
				5383	</div>
				5384
				5385	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>hide watermark within an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5386
				5387	<p>Use an offset to start the image hiding some number of pixels from the beginning of the image. Note this offset and the image size. You will need this information to recover the steganographic image (e.g. display -size 320x256+35 stegano:image.png).</p>
				5388
				5389	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5390	<h4><a name="stereo" id="stereo"></a>-stereo <em class="arg">+x</em>{<em class="arg">+y</em>}</h4>
				5391	</div>
				5392
				5393	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>composite two images to create a stereo anaglyph.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5394
				5395	<p>The left side of the stereo pair is saved as the red channel of the output image. The right side is saved as the green channel. Red-green stereo glasses are required to properly view the stereo image.</p>
				5396
				5397	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5398	<h4><a name="storage-type" id="storage-type"></a>-storage-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5399	</div>
				5400
				5401	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>pixel storage type. Here are the valid types:</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5402
				5403	<pre class="text">
				5404	char store pixels as unsigned characters
				5405	double store pixels as doubles
				5406	float store pixels as floats
				5407	integer store pixels as integers
				5408	long store pixels as longs
				5409	quantum store pixels in the native depth of your ImageMagick distribution
				5410	short store pixels as unsigned shorts
				5411	</pre>
				5412
				5413	<p>Float and double types are normalized from 0.0 to 1.0 otherwise the pixels
				5414	values range from 0 to the maximum value the storage type can support.</p>
				5415
				5416	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5417	<h4><a name="stretch" id="stretch"></a>-stretch <em class="arg">fontStretch</em></h4>
				5418	</div>
				5419
				5420	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a type of stretch style for fonts.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5421
				5422	<p>This setting suggests a type of stretch that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStretch</em> from the following.</p>
				5423
				5424	<pre class="text">
				5425	Any
				5426	Condensed
				5427	Expanded
				5428	ExtraCondensed
				5429	ExtraExpanded
				5430	Normal
				5431	SemiCondensed
				5432	SemiExpanded
				5433	UltraCondensed
				5434	UltraExpanded
				5435	</pre>
				5436
				5437	<p>To print a complete list of stretch types, use <a href="#list">-list stretch</a>.</p>
				5438
				5439	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#style">-style</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5440
				5441	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5442	<h4><a name="strip" id="strip"></a>-strip</h4>
				5443	</div>
				5444
				5445	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>strip the image of any profiles or comments.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5446
				5447	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5448	<h4><a name="stroke" id="stroke"></a>-stroke <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5449	</div>
				5450
				5451	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>color to use when stroking a graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5452
				5453	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5454
				5455	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5456
				5457	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5458	<h4><a name="strokewidth" id="strokewidth"></a>-strokewidth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5459	</div>
				5460
				5461	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the stroke width.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5462
				5463	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5464
				5465	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5466	<h4><a name="style" id="style"></a>-style <em class="arg">fontStyle</em></h4>
				5467	</div>
				5468
				5469	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font style for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5470
				5471	<p>This setting suggests a font style that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Select <em class="arg">fontStyle</em> from the following.</p>
				5472
				5473	<pre class="text">
				5474	Any
				5475	Italic
				5476	Normal
				5477	Oblique
				5478	</pre>
				5479
				5480	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#weight">-weight</a>. </p>
				5481
				5482	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5483	<h4><a name="swap" id="swap"></a>-swap <em class="arg">index,index</em></h4>
				5484	</div>
				5485
				5486	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Swap the positions of two images in the image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5487
				5488	<p>For example, <a href="#swap">-swap 0,2</a> swaps the first and the third images in the current image sequence. Use <a href="#swap">+swap</a> to switch the last two images in the sequence.</p>
				5489
				5490	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5491	<h4><a name="swirl" id="swirl"></a>-swirl <em class="arg">degrees</em></h4>
				5492	</div>
				5493
				5494	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>swirl image pixels about the center.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5495
				5496	<p><em class="arg">Degrees</em> defines the tightness of the swirl.</p>
				5497
				5498	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5499	<h4><a name="taint" id="taint"></a>-taint</h4>
				5500	</div>
				5501
				5502	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mark the image as modified even if it isn't.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5503
				5504	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5505	<h4><a name="text-font" id="text-font"></a>-text-font <em class="arg">name</em></h4>
				5506	</div>
				5507
				5508	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>font for writing fixed-width text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5509
				5510	<p>Specifies the name of the preferred font to use in fixed (typewriter style) formatted text. The default is 14 point <em class="arg">Courier</em>.</p>
				5511
				5512	<p>You can tag a font to specify whether it is a PostScript, TrueType, or OPTION1 font. For example, <kbd>Courier.ttf</kbd> is a TrueType font and <kbd>x:fixed</kbd> is OPTION1.</p>
				5513
				5514	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5515	<h4><a name="texture" id="texture"></a>-texture <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5516	</div>
				5517
				5518	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>name of texture to tile onto the image background.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5519
				5520	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5521	<h4><a name="threshold" id="threshold"></a>-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5522	</div>
				5523
				5524	<!-- {<em class="arg">green,blue,opacity</em>}
				5525	<p>If the green or blue value is omitted, these channels use the same value as the first one provided. If all three color values are the same, the result is a bi-level image. If the opacity threshold is omitted, OpaqueOpacity is used and any partially transparent pixel becomes fully transparent.</p>
				5526	-->
				5527
				5528	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Apply simultaneous black/white threshold to the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5529
				5530	<p>Any pixel values (more specifically, those channels set using <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a>) that exceed the specified threshold are reassigned the maximum channel value, while all other values are assigned the minimum.</p>
				5531
				5532	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value corresponding to the desired channel value. When given as an integer, the minimum attainable value is 0 (corresponding to black when all channels are affected), but the maximum value (corresponding to white) is that of the <kbd>quantum depth</kbd> of the particular build of ImageMagick, and is therefore dependent on the installation. For that reason, a reasonable recommendation for most applications is to specify the threshold values as a percentage.
				5533	</p>
				5534
				5535	<p> The following would force pixels with red values above 50% to have 100% red values, while those at or below 50% red would be set to 0 in the red channel. The green, blue, and alpha channels (if present) would be unchanged. </p>
				5536
				5537	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -channel red -threshold 50% out.png</span></p>
				5538	<p>As (possibly) impractical but instructive examples, the following would generate an all-black and an all-white image with the same dimensions as the input image.</p>
				5539
				5540
				5541	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold 100% black.png</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert in.png -threshold -1 white.png</span></p>
				5542	<p>Note that the values of the transparency channel is treated as 'matte'
				5543	values (0 is opaque) and not as 'alpha' values (0 is transparent).</p>
				5544
				5545	<p> See also <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#black-threshold">‑black‑threshold</a> and <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#white-threshold">‑white‑threshold</a>.
				5546	</p>
				5547
				5548	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5549	<h4><a name="thumbnail" id="thumbnail"></a>-thumbnail <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5550	</div>
				5551
				5552	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Create a thumbnail of the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5553
				5554	<p>This is similar to <a href="#resize">-resize</a>, except it is optimized for speed and any image profile, other than a color profile, is removed to reduce the thumbnail size. To strip the color profiles as well, add <a href="#strip">-strip</a> just before of after this option.</p>
				5555
				5556	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5557
				5558	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5559	<h4><a name="tile" id="tile"></a>-tile <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5560	</div>
				5561
				5562	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the tile image used for filling a subsequent graphic primitive.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5563
				5564	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5565	<h4>-tile <em class="arg">geometry</em></h4>
				5566	</div>
				5567
				5568	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the layout of images .</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5569
				5570	<p>See <a href="../www/command-line-processing.html#geometry">Image Geometry</a> for complete details about the <em class="arg">geometry</em> argument.</p>
				5571
				5572	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5573	<h4>-tile</h4>
				5574	</div>
				5575
				5576	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specifies that a subsequent composite operation is repeated across and down image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5577
				5578	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5579	<h4><a name="tile-offset" id="tile-offset"></a>-tile-offset {<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em></h4>
				5580	</div>
				5581
				5582	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify the offset for tile images, relative to the background image it is tiled on.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5583
				5584	<p>This should be set before the tiling image is set by <a href="#tile" >-tile</a> or <a href="#texture" >-texture</a>, or directly applied for creating a tiled canvas using <kbd>TILE:</kbd> or <kbd>PATTERN:</kbd> input formats. </p>
				5585
				5586	<p>Internally ImageMagick does a <a href="#roll" >-roll</a> of the tile image by the arguments given when the tile image is set. </p>
				5587
				5588	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5589	<h4><a name="tint" id="tint"></a>-tint <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5590	</div>
				5591
				5592	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Tint the image with the fill color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5593
				5594	<p>Tint the image with the fill color.</p>
				5595
				5596	<p>Specify the amount of tinting as a percentage. Pure colors like black, white red, yellow, will not be affected by -tint. Only mid-range colors such as the various shades of grey.</p>
				5597
				5598	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5599	<h4><a name="title" id="title"></a>-title <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				5600	</div>
				5601
				5602	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Assign a title to displayed image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>, <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5603
				5604	<p>Use this option to assign a specific title to the image. This assigned to the image window and is typically displayed in the window title bar. Optionally you can include the image filename, type, width, height, Exif data, or other image attribute by embedding special format characters described under the <a href="#format">-format</a> option.</p>
				5605
				5606	<p>For example,</p>
				5607
				5608	<p class="crtsnip">
				5609	-title "%m:%f %wx%h"
				5610	</p>
				5611
				5612	<p>produces an image title of <kbd>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</kbd> for an image titled <kbd>bird.miff</kbd> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
				5613
				5614
				5615	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5616	<h4><a name="transform" id="transform"></a>-transform</h4>
				5617	</div>
				5618
				5619	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>transform the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5620
				5621	<p>This option applies the transformation matrix from a previous <a href="#affine">-affine</a> option.</p>
				5622
				5623	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert -affine 2,2,-2,2,0,0 -transform bird.ppm bird.jpg</span></p>
cristy	83a272e	2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5624
				5625	<p>This operator has been now been superseded by the <a
				5626	href="#distort">-distort</a> '<kbd>AffineProjection</kbd>' method. </p>
				5627
				5628
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5629	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5630	<h4><a name="transparent" id="transparent"></a>-transparent <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5631	</div>
				5632
				5633	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make this color transparent within the image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5634
				5635	<p>The <em class="arg">color</em> argument is defined using the format
				5636	described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option. The <a href="#fuzz"
				5637	>-fuzz</a> setting can be used to match and replace colors similar to the one
				5638	given. </p>
				5639
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5640	<p>Use <a href="#transparent" >+transparent</a> to invert the pixels matched.
				5641	that is make all non-matching colors transparent. </p>
				5642
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5643	<p>The <a href="#opaque">-opaque</a> operator is exactly the same as <a
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5644	href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> but replaces the matching color with the
				5645	current <a href="#fill">-fill</a> color setting, rather than transparent.
				5646	However the <a href="#transparent" >-transparent</a> operator also ensures
				5647	that the image has an alpha channel enabled, as per "<kbd><a href="#alpha"
				5648	>-alpha</a> set</kbd>", and does not require you to modify the <a
				5649	href="#channel">-channel</a> to enable alpha channel handling. </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5650
cristy	b36feb2	2010-03-26 16:54:37 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5651	<p>Note that this does not define the color as being the 'transparency color'
				5652	used for color-mapped image formats, such as GIF. For that use <a
				5653	href="#transparent-color" >-transparent-color</a> </p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5654
				5655
				5656	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5657	<h4><a name="transparent-color" id="transparent-color"></a>-transparent-color <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5658	</div>
				5659
				5660	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set the transparent color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5661
				5662	<p>Sometimes this is used for saving to image formats such as
				5663	GIF and PNG8 which uses this color to represent boolean transparency. This
				5664	does not make a color transparent, it only defines what color the transparent
				5665	color is in the color palette of the saved image. Use <a
				5666	href="#transparent">-transparent</a> to make an opaque color transparent.</p>
				5667
				5668	<p>This option allows you to have both an opaque visible color, as well as a
				5669	transparent color of the same color value without conflict. That is, you can
				5670	use the same color for both the transparent and opaque color areas within an
				5671	image. This, in turn, frees to you to select a transparent color that is
				5672	appropriate when an image is displayed by an application that does not handle a
				5673	transparent color index, while allowing ImageMagick to correctly handle images of this
				5674	type. </p>
				5675
				5676	<p>The default transparent color is <kbd>#00000000</kbd>, which is fully transparent black.</p>
				5677
				5678	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5679	<h4><a name="transpose" id="transpose"></a>-transpose</h4>
				5680	</div>
				5681
				5682	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the top-left to bottom-right diagonal.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5683
				5684	<p> This option mathematically transposes the pixel array. It is equivalent to the sequence <kbd>-flip -rotate 90</kbd>.
				5685	</p>
				5686
				5687	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5688	<h4><a name="transverse" id="transverse"></a>-transverse</h4>
				5689	</div>
				5690
				5691	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Mirror the image along the images bottom-left top-right diagonal. Equivalent to the operations <kbd>-flop -rotate 90</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5692
				5693
				5694	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5695	<h4><a name="treedepth" id="treedepth"></a>-treedepth <em class="arg">value</em></h4>
				5696	</div>
				5697
				5698	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5699
				5700	<p>Normally, this integer value is zero or one. A value of zero or one causes the use of an optimal tree depth for the color reduction algorithm.</p>
				5701
				5702	<p>An optimal depth generally allows the best representation of the source image with the fastest computational speed and the least amount of memory. However, the default depth is inappropriate for some images. To assure the best representation, try values between 2 and 8 for this parameter. Refer to the <a href="../www/quantize.html">color reduction algorithm</a> for more details.</p>
				5703
				5704	<p>The <a href="#colors">-colors</a> or <a href="#monochrome">-monochrome</a> option, or writing to an image format which requires color reduction, is required for this option to take effect.</p>
				5705
				5706	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5707	<h4><a name="trim" id="trim"></a>-trim</h4>
				5708	</div>
				5709
				5710	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>trim an image.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5711
				5712	<p>This option removes any edges that are exactly the same color as the corner pixels. Use <a href="#fuzz">-fuzz</a> to make <a href="#trim">-trim</a> remove edges that are nearly the same color as the corner pixels.</p>
				5713
				5714	<p>The page or virtual canvas information of the image is preserved allowing
				5715	you to extract the result of the <a href="#trim">-trim</a> operation from the
				5716	image. Use a <a href="#repage">+repage</a> to remove the virtual canvas page
				5717	information if it is unwanted.</p>
				5718
				5719	<p>If the trimmed image 'disappears' an warning is produced, and a special
				5720	single pixel transparent 'missed' image is returned, in the same way as when a
				5721	<a href="#crop">-crop</a> operation 'misses' the image proper. </p>
				5722
				5723
				5724	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5725	<h4><a name="type" id="type"></a>-type <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5726	</div>
				5727
				5728	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the image type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5729	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Bilevel</kbd>, <kbd>Grayscale</kbd>, <kbd>GrayscaleMatte</kbd>, <kbd>Palette</kbd>, <kbd>PaletteMatte</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColor</kbd>, <kbd>TrueColorMatte</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparation</kbd>, <kbd>ColorSeparationMatte</kbd>, or <kbd>Optimize</kbd>.</p>
				5730
				5731	<p>Normally, when a format supports different subformats such as grayscale and truecolor, the encoder will try to choose an efficient subformat. The <a href="#type">-type</a> option can be used to overrride this behavior. For example, to prevent a JPEG from being written in grayscale format even though only gray pixels are present, use.</p>
				5732
				5733	<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick> </span><span class='crtin'>convert bird.png -type TrueColor bird.jpg</span></p>
				5734	<p>Similarly, use <a href="#type">-type TrueColorMatte</a> to force the encoder to write an alpha channel even though the image is opaque, if the output format supports transparency.</p>
				5735
				5736	<p>Use <a href="#type">-type optimize</a> to ensure the image is written in the smallest possible file size.</p>
				5737
				5738	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5739	<h4><a name="undercolor" id="undercolor"></a>-undercolor <em class="arg">color</em></h4>
				5740	</div>
				5741
				5742	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>set the color of the annotation bounding box.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5743
				5744	<p>The color is specified using the format described under the <a href="#fill">-fill</a> option.</p>
				5745
				5746	<p>See <a href="#draw">-draw</a> for further details.</p>
				5747
				5748
				5749	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5750	<h4><a name="update" id="update"></a>-update <em class="arg">seconds</em></h4>
				5751	</div>
				5752
				5753	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>detect when image file is modified and redisplay.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5754
				5755	<p>Suppose that while you are displaying an image the file that is currently displayed is over-written. <kbd>display</kbd> will automagically detect that the input file has been changed and update the displayed image accordingly.</p>
				5756
				5757
				5758	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5759	<h4><a name="unique-colors" id="unique-colors"></a>-unique-colors</h4>
				5760	</div>
				5761
				5762	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>discard all but one of any pixel color.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5763
				5764
				5765	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5766	<h4><a name="units" id="units"></a>-units <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5767	</div>
				5768
				5769	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>the units of image resolution.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5770
				5771	<p>Choose from: <kbd>Undefined</kbd>, <kbd>PixelsPerInch</kbd>, or <kbd>PixelsPerCentimeter</kbd>. This option is normally used in conjunction with the <a href="#density">-density</a> option.</p>
				5772
				5773
				5774	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5775	<h4><a name="unsharp" id="unsharp"></a>-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em><br />-unsharp <em class="arg">radius</em>x<em class="arg">sigma</em>{<em class="arg">+amount</em>}{<em class="arg">+threshold</em>}</h4>
				5776	</div>
				5777
				5778	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>sharpen the image with an unsharp mask operator.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5779
				5780	<p>The <a href="#unsharp">-unsharp</a> option sharpens an image. The image is convolved with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). For reasonable results, radius should be larger than sigma. Use a radius of 0 to have the method select a suitable radius.</p>
				5781
				5782	<p>The parameters are:</p>
				5783
				5784	<pre class="text">
				5785	radius: The radius of the Gaussian, in pixels, not counting the center
				5786	pixel (default 0).
				5787	sigma: The standard deviation of the Gaussian, in pixels (default 1.0).
				5788	amount: The fraction of the difference between the original and the blur
				5789	image that is added back into the original (default 1.0).
				5790	threshold: The threshold, as a fraction of <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>, needed to apply the
				5791	difference amount (default 0.05).
				5792	</pre>
				5793
				5794
				5795	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5796	<h4><a name="verbose" id="verbose"></a>-verbose</h4>
				5797	</div>
				5798
				5799	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print detailed information about the image when this option preceds the <a href="#identify">-identify</a> option or <kbd>info:</kbd>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5800
				5801
				5802	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5803	<h4><a name="version" id="version"></a>-version</h4>
				5804	</div>
				5805
				5806	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>print ImageMagick version string and exit.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5807
				5808
				5809	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5810	<h4><a name="view" id="view"></a>-view <em class="arg">string</em></h4>
				5811	</div>
				5812
				5813	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>FlashPix viewing parameters.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5814
				5815
				5816	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5817	<h4><a name="vignette" id="vignette"></a>-vignette <em class="arg">radius</em>{x<em class="arg">sigma</em>}{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">x</em>{<em class="arg">+-</em>}<em class="arg">y</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
				5818	</div>
				5819
				5820	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>soften the edges of the image in vignette style.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5821
				5822
				5823	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5824	<h4><a name="virtual-pixel" id="virtual-pixel"></a>-virtual-pixel <em class="arg">method</em></h4>
				5825	</div>
				5826
				5827	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Specify contents of <em>virtual pixels</em>.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5828
				5829	<p>This option defines what color source should be used if and when a color
				5830	lookup completely 'misses' the source image. The color(s) that appear to
				5831	surround the source image. Generally this color is derived from the source
				5832	image, but could also be set to a specify background color. </p>
				5833
				5834	<p>Choose from these methods:</p>
				5835
				5836	<pre class="text">
				5837	background: the area surrounding the image is the background color
				5838	black: the area surrounding the image is black
				5839	checker-tile: alternate squares with image and background color
				5840	dither: non-random 32x32 dithered pattern
				5841	edge: extend the edge pixel toward infinity
				5842	gray: the area surrounding the image is gray
				5843	horizontal-tile: horizontally tile the image, background color above/below
				5844	horizontal-tile-edge: horizontally tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5845	mirror: mirror tile the image
				5846	random: choose a random pixel from the image
				5847	tile: tile the image (default)
				5848	transparent: the area surrounding the image is transparent blackness
				5849	vertical-tile: vertically tile the image, sides are background color
				5850	vertical-tile-edge: vertically tile the image and replicate the side edge pixels
				5851	white: the area surrounding the image is white
				5852	</pre>
				5853
				5854	<p>The default value is "edge".</p>
				5855
				5856	<p>This most important for distortion operators such as <a href="#distort"
				5857	>-distort</a>, <a href="#implode" >-implode</a>, and <a href="#fx" >-fx</a>.
				5858	However it also effects operations that may access pixels just outside the
				5859	image proper, such as <a href="#convolve">-convolve</a>, <a
				5860	href="#blur">-blur</a>, and <a href="#sharpen">-sharpen</a>. </p>
				5861
				5862	<p>To print a complete list of virtual pixel types, use the <a href="#list">-list virtual-pixel</a> option.</p>
				5863
				5864
				5865	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5866	<h4><a name="visual" id="visual"></a>-visual <em class="arg">type</em></h4>
				5867	</div>
				5868
				5869	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Animate images using this X visual type.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5870
				5871	<p>Choose from these visual classes:</p>
				5872
				5873	<pre class="text">
				5874	StaticGray
				5875	GrayScale
				5876	StaticColor
				5877	PseudoColor
				5878	TrueColor
				5879	DirectColor
				5880	default
				5881	visual id
				5882	</pre>
				5883
				5884	<p>The X server must support the visual you choose, otherwise an error occurs. If a visual is not specified, the visual class that can display the most simultaneous colors on the default screen is chosen.</p>
				5885
				5886
				5887	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5888	<h4><a name="watermark" id="watermark"></a>-watermark <em
				5889	class="arg">brightness</em>x<em class="arg">saturation</em></h4>
				5890	</div>
				5891
				5892	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Watermark an image using the given percentages of brightness and
				5893	saturation.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/composite.html">composite</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5894
				5895	<p>Take a grayscale image (with alpha mask) and modify the destination image's
				5896	brightness according to watermark image's grayscale value and the <em
				5897	class="arg">brightness</em> percentage. The destinations color saturation
				5898	attribute is just direct modified by the <em class="arg">saturation</em>
				5899	percentage, which defaults to 100 percent (no color change). </p>
				5900
				5901
				5902	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5903	<h4><a name="wave" id="wave"></a>-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em><br />-wave <em class="arg">amplitude</em>x<em class="arg">wavelength</em></h4>
				5904	</div>
				5905
				5906	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Shear the columns of an image into a sine wave.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5907
				5908	<p>Specify <em class="arg">amplitude</em> and <em class="arg">wavelength</em> of the wave.</p>
				5909
				5910	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5911	<h4><a name="weight" id="weight"></a>-weight <em class="arg">fontWeight</em></h4>
				5912	</div>
				5913
				5914	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Set a font weight for text.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5915
				5916	<p>This setting suggests a font weight that ImageMagick should try to apply to the currently selected font family. Use a positive integer for <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> or select from the following.</p>
				5917
				5918	<table class="doc">
				5919	<col width="25%" />
				5920	<col width="75%" />
				5921	<thead>
				5922	<tr>
				5923	<th><em class="arg">fontWeight</em></th>
				5924	<th>Description</th>
				5925	</tr>
				5926	</thead>
				5927	<tbody>
				5928	<tr><td>All </td> <td>No effect. </td></tr>
				5929	<tr><td>Bold </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 700.</td></tr>
				5930	<tr><td>Bolder </td> <td>Add 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 800.</td></tr>
				5931	<tr><td>Lighter </td> <td>Subtract 100 to font weight if currently ≤ 100.</td></tr>
				5932	<tr><td>Normal </td> <td>Same as <em class="arg">fontWeight</em> = 400.</td></tr>
				5933	</tbody>
				5934	</table>
				5935
				5936	<p>To print a complete list of weight types, use <a href="#list">-list weight</a>.</p>
				5937
				5938	<p>For other settings that affect fonts, see the options <a href="#font">-font</a>, <a href="#family">-family</a>, <a href="#stretch">-stretch</a>, and <a href="#style">-style</a>. </p>
				5939
				5940	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5941	<h4><a name="white-point" id="white-point"></a>-white-point <em class="arg">x,y</em></h4>
				5942	</div>
				5943
				5944	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>chromaticity white point.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5945
				5946	<div style="margin: auto;">
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5947	<h4><a name="white-threshold" id="white-threshold"></a>-white-threshold <em class="arg">value</em>{<em class="arg">%</em>}</h4>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5948	</div>
				5949
cristy	5cadd61	2009-09-21 19:33:41 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5950	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Force to white all pixels above the threshold while leaving all pixels at or below the threshold unchanged.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5951
				5952	<p> The threshold value can be given as a percentage or as an absolute integer value within [0, <em class="QR">QuantumRange</em>] corresponding to the desired <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#channel">‑channel</a> value. See <a href="../www/command-line-options.html#threshold">‑threshold</a> for more details on thresholds and resulting values.
				5953	</p>
cristy	3ed852e	2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5954
				5955	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5956	<h4><a name="window" id="window"></a>-window <em class="arg">id</em></h4>
				5957	</div>
				5958
				5959	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>Make the image the background of a window.</td><td style='text-align:right;'>[<a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a>, <a href="../www/display.html">display</a>]</td></tr></table>
				5960
				5961	<p><em class="arg">id</em> can be a window id or name. Specify <kbd>root</kbd> to select X's root window as the target window.</p>
				5962
				5963	<p>By default the image is tiled onto the background of the target window. If <kbd>backdrop</kbd> or <a href="#geometry">-resize</a> are specified, the image is surrounded by the background color. Refer to <kbd>X RESOURCES</kbd> for details.</p>
				5964
				5965	<p>The image will not display on the root window if the image has more unique colors than the target window colormap allows. Use <a href="#colors">-colors</a> to reduce the number of colors.</p>
				5966
				5967	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5968	<h4><a name="window-group" id="window-group"></a>-window-group</h4>
				5969	</div>
				5970
				5971	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>specify the window group.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5972
				5973	<div style="margin: auto;">
				5974	<h4><a name="write" id="write"></a>-write <em class="arg">filename</em></h4>
				5975	</div>
				5976
				5977	<table style='background-color:#FFFFE0; margin-left:40px; margin-right:40px; width:88%'><tr><td style='width:75%'>write an image sequence.</td><td style='text-align:right;'></td></tr></table>
				5978	<p>The image sequence preceding the <a href="#write">-write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option is written out, and processing continues with the same image in its current state if there are additional options. To restore the image to its original state after writing it, use the <a href="#write">+write</a> <em class="arg">filename</em> option.</p>
				5979
				5980	<p>Use <a href="#compress">-compress</a> to specify the type of image compression.</p>
				5981
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5982
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cristy	96e1313	2010-06-07 14:55:44 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5989	<a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">Studio</a>
cristy	3eaa0ef	2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000	[diff] [blame]	5990	</span>
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