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gerrit-public.fairphone.software / platform / external / ImageMagick / e6e8415823c09ed129e481e0a3bc678324b38c99 / . / www / perl-magick.html
blob: c74ec844681f38ae6997a236a98c24f1033a65bc [file] [log] [blame]
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]1<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
2 "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml11/DTD/xhtml11.dtd">
cristy2bd2a982011-02-15 00:52:58 +0000[diff] [blame]3<html version="-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.1//EN"
4 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en"
5 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
6 xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml
7 http://www.w3.org/MarkUp/SCHEMA/xhtml11.xsd">
cristy3eaa0ef2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000[diff] [blame]8<head>
cristy3c98a4f2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000[diff] [blame]9 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/>
10 <meta name="verify-v1" content="g222frIIxcQTrvDR3NBRUSKP3AnMNoqxOkIniCEkV7U="/>
cristyffb69ed2010-12-25 00:06:48 +0000[diff] [blame]11 <title>ImageMagick: PerlMagick, Perl API for ImageMagick</title>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]12 <meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-US"/>
13 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"/>
14 <meta http-equiv="Reply-to" content="magick-users@imagemagick.org"/>
cristy3c98a4f2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000[diff] [blame]15 <meta name="Application-name" content="ImageMagick"/>
cristye6e84152011-06-06 14:16:49 +0000[diff] [blame^]16 <meta name="Description" content="Use ImageMagick to convert, edit, or compose bitmap images in a variety of formats. In addition resize, rotate, shear, distort and transform images automagically."/>
cristy3c98a4f2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000[diff] [blame]17 <meta name="Application-url" content="http://www.imagemagick.org"/>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]18 <meta name="Generator" content="PHP"/>
cristye6e84152011-06-06 14:16:49 +0000[diff] [blame^]19 <meta name="Keywords" content="perlmagick, perl, api, for, imagemagick, ImageMagick, ImageMagic, MagickCore, MagickWand, PerlMagick, Magick++, RMagick, PythonMagick, JMagick, TclMagick, Image, Magick, Magic, Wand, ImageMagickObject, Image, Processing, Automagically"/>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]20 <meta name="Rating" content="GENERAL"/>
21 <meta name="Robots" content="INDEX, FOLLOW"/>
22 <meta name="Generator" content="ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
23 <meta name="Author" content="ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
24 <meta name="Revisit-after" content="2 DAYS"/>
25 <meta name="Resource-type" content="document"/>
cristy7e41fe82010-12-04 23:12:08 +0000[diff] [blame]26 <meta name="Copyright" content="Copyright (c) 1999-2011 ImageMagick Studio LLC"/>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]27 <meta name="Distribution" content="Global"/>
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]28 <link rel="icon" href="../images/wand.png"/>
cristy3c98a4f2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000[diff] [blame]29 <link rel="shortcut icon" href="../images/wand.ico" type="images/x-icon"/>
30 <link rel="meta" type="application/rdf+xml" title="ICI" href="http://imagemagick.org/ici.rdf"/>
cristy7a40ba82011-01-08 20:31:18 +0000[diff] [blame]31 <link rel="stylesheet" href="http://www.google.com/cse/style/look/default.css" type="text/css" />
cristy3c98a4f2010-08-13 20:09:41 +0000[diff] [blame]32 <style type="text/css" media="all">
33 @import url("../www/magick.css");
34 </style>
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]35 <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4/jquery.min.js"></script>
cristy361f4662010-12-31 23:02:52 +0000[diff] [blame]36 <script type="text/javascript" src="../fancybox/jquery.fancybox-1.3.4.pack.js"></script>
37 <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="../fancybox/jquery.fancybox-1.3.4.css" media="screen" />
38 <script type="text/javascript">
39 $(document).ready(function() {
40 $("a[href$=.jpg],a[href$=.png],a[href$=.gif]").fancybox({
41 'transitionIn' : 'elastic',
42 'transitionOut' : 'elastic',
43 'overlayShow' : false,
44 'opacity' : true
45 });
46 });
47 </script>
cristy3eaa0ef2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000[diff] [blame]48</head>
49
50<body id="www-imagemagick-org">
51<div class="titlebar">
cristyb52981c2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000[diff] [blame]52<div style="margin: 17px auto; float: left;">
53 <script type="text/javascript">
54 <!--
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cristyaf8d6652011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000[diff] [blame]66 <img src="../images/logo.jpg"
67 alt="ImageMagick Logo"
cristy178edaf2011-01-23 03:42:39 +0000[diff] [blame]68 style="width: 123px; height: 118px; border: 0px; float: right;" /></a>
cristy3eaa0ef2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000[diff] [blame]69<a href="../index.html">
cristyaf8d6652011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000[diff] [blame]70 <img src="../images/sprite.jpg"
71 alt="ImageMagick Sprite"
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73</div>
74
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cristy83a272e2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000[diff] [blame]78 <a title="About ImageMagick" href="../index.html">About ImageMagick</a>
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83</div>
84<div class="sub">
85 <a title="Binary Release: Unix" href="../www/binary-releases.html#unix">Unix</a>
86</div>
87<div class="sub">
88 <a title="Binary Release: MacOS X" href="../www/binary-releases.html#macosx">Mac OS X</a>
89</div>
90<div class="sub">
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93<div class="sub">
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95</div>
96<div class="sep"></div>
97<div class="menu">
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100<div class="sub">
cristy83a272e2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000[diff] [blame]101 <a title="Command-line Tools: Processing" href="../www/command-line-processing.html">Processing</a>
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103<div class="sub">
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106<div class="sub">
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109<div class="menu">
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112<div class="sub">
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115<div class="sub">
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118<div class="sub">
cristy83a272e2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000[diff] [blame]119 <a title="Program Interface: PerlMagick" href="../www/perl-magick.html">PerlMagick</a>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]120</div>
121<div class="sub">
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cristy83a272e2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000[diff] [blame]126 <a title="Install from Source" href="../www/install-source.html">Install from Source</a>
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128<div class="sub">
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131<div class="sub">
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cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]133 </div>
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138 <a title="Architecture" href="../www/architecture.html">Architecture</a>
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199</div>
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cristyce69bb02010-07-27 19:49:46 +0000[diff] [blame]202<div class="eastbar">
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205
206<div class="main">
207
208
cristyaf8d6652011-02-04 21:57:45 +0000[diff] [blame]209<h1>PerlMagick API</h1>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]210<p class="navigation-index">[<a href="#installation">Installation</a> &bull; <a href="#overview">Overview</a> &bull; <a href="#example">Example Script</a> &bull; <a href="#read">Read or Write an Image</a> &bull; <a href="#manipulate">Manipulate an Image</a> &bull; <a href="#set-attribute">Set an Image Attribute</a> &bull; <a href="#get-attribute">Get an Image Attribute</a> &bull; <a href="#compare">Compare an Image to its Reconstruction</a> &bull; <a href="#montage">Create an Image Montage</a> &bull; <a href="#blobs">Working with Blobs</a> &bull; <a href="#direct-access">Direct-access to Image Pixels</a> &bull; <a href="#miscellaneous">Miscellaneous Methods</a> &bull; <a href="#exceptions">Handling Exceptions</a>&bull; <a href="#constants">Constant</a> ]</p>
211
212<div class="doc-section">
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]213<a id="introduction"></a>
cristyf3bb4782009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000[diff] [blame]214<p><a href="../www/download.html">PerlMagick</a> is an objected-oriented <a href="http://www.perl.com/perl/">Perl</a> interface to ImageMagick. Use the module to read, manipulate, or write an image or image sequence from within a Perl script. This makes it very suitable for Web CGI scripts. You must have ImageMagick 6.5.5 or above and Perl version 5.005_02 or greater installed on your system for PerlMagick to build properly.</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]215
216<p>There are a number of useful scripts available to show you the value of PerlMagick. You can do Web based image manipulation and conversion with <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/download/perl">MagickStudio</a>, or use <a href="https://www.imagemagick.org/subversion/ImageMagick/trunk/PerlMagick/demo/">L-systems</a> to create images of plants using mathematical constructs, and finally navigate through collections of thumbnail images and select the image to view with the <a href="http://webmagick.sourceforge.net/">WebMagick Image Navigator</a>.</p>
217
218<p>You can try PerlMagick from your Web browser at the <a href="http://www.imagemagick.org/MagickStudio/scripts/MagickStudio.cgi">ImageMagick Studio</a>. Or, you can see <a href="../www/examples.html">examples</a> of select PerlMagick functions.</p>
219</div>
220
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]221<h2><a id="installation"></a>Installation</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]222<div class="doc-section">
223
224<p><b>UNIX</b></p>
225
226<p>The following instructions for Unix apply only to the unbundled PerlMagick as obtained from CPAN. PerlMagick is included as a subdirectory (PerlMagick) of the ImageMagick source distribution, and may be configured and built using the instructions provided in the ImageMagick distribution's README.txt file. It is usually most convenient to install PerlMagick as part of the ImageMagick distribution.</p>
227
228<p>ImageMagick must already be installed on your system. Next, get
229the <a href="../www/download.html">PerlMagick</a> distribution corresponding to the installed ImageMagick distribution
cristy575d5ee2011-05-24 01:59:01 +0000[diff] [blame]230(e.g., PerlMagick 6.70 for
231ImageMagick 6.7.0) and unpack it as shown below:</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]232
cristy575d5ee2011-05-24 01:59:01 +0000[diff] [blame]233<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>tar xvfz PerlMagick-6.70.tar.gz</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>cd PerlMagick</span></p>
cristyf3bb4782009-09-08 13:10:04 +0000[diff] [blame]234<p>Next, edit <kbd>Makefile.PL</kbd> and change LIBS and INC to include the appropriate path information to the required <kbd>MagickCore</kbd> library. You may need paths to JPEG, PNG, TIFF, etc. delegates if they were included with your installed version of ImageMagick. Build and install it like this:</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]235
236<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>perl Makefile.PL</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>make</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>make install</span></p>
237<p>For Unix, you typically need to be <kbd>root</kbd> to install the software. There are ways around this. Consult the Perl manual pages for more information.</p>
238
239<p><b>Windows XP / Windows 2000</b></p>
240
241<p>ImageMagick must already be installed on your system. Also, the ImageMagick source distribution for <a href="../www/download.html">Windows 2000</a> is required. You must also have the <kbd>nmake</kbd> from the Visual C++ or J++ development environment. Copy <kbd>\bin\IMagick.dll</kbd> and <kbd>\bin\X11.dll</kbd> to a directory in your dynamic load path such as <kbd>c:\perl\site\5.00502</kbd>.</p>
242
243<p>Next, type</p>
244
245<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>cd PerlMagick</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>perl Makefile.nt</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>nmake</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>nmake install</span></p>
246<p>See the <a href="http://www.dylanbeattie.net/magick/">PerlMagick Windows HowTo</a> page for further installation instructions.</p>
247
248<p><b>Running the Regression Tests</b></p>
249
250<p>To verify a correct installation, type</p>
251
252<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>make test</span></p>
253<p>Use <kbd>nmake test</kbd> under Windows. There are a few demonstration scripts available to exercise many of the functions PerlMagick can perform. Type</p>
254
255<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>cd demo</span><span class='crtout'></span><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>make</span></p>
256<p>You are now ready to utilize the PerlMagick methods from within your Perl scripts.</p>
257
258</div>
259
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]260<h2><a id="overview"></a>Overview</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]261<div class="doc-section">
262
263<p>Any script that wants to use PerlMagick methods must first define the methods within its namespace and instantiate an image object. Do this with:</p>
264
265<pre class="code">
266 use Image::Magick;
267
268 $image=Image::Magick-&gt;new;
269</pre>
270
271<p>The new() method takes the same parameters as <a href="#set-attribute">SetAttribute</a> . For example,</p>
272
273<pre class="code">
274 $image=Image::Magick-&gt;new(size=&gt;'384x256');
275</pre>
276
277<p>Next you will want to read an image or image sequence, manipulate it, and then display or write it. The input and output methods for PerlMagick are defined in <a href="#read">Read or Write an Image</a>. See <a href="#set-attribute">Set an Image Attribute</a> for methods that affect the way an image is read or written. Refer to <a href="#manipulate">Manipulate an Image</a> for a list of methods to transform an image. <a href="#get-attribute">Get an Image Attribute</a> describes how to retrieve an attribute for an image. Refer to <a href="#montage">Create an Image Montage</a> for details about tiling your images as thumbnails on a background. Finally, some methods do not neatly fit into any of the categories just mentioned. Review <a href="#misc">Miscellaneous Methods</a> for a list of these methods.</p>
278
cristyc1c61662009-09-30 14:04:37 +0000[diff] [blame]279<p>Once you are finished with a PerlMagick object you should consider destroying it. Each image in an image sequence is stored in virtual memory. This can potentially add up to mebibytes of memory. Upon destroying a PerlMagick object, the memory is returned for use by other Perl methods. The recommended way to destroy an object is with <kbd>undef</kbd>:</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]280
281<pre class="code">
282 undef $image;
283</pre>
284
285<p>To delete all the images but retain the <kbd>Image::Magick</kbd> object use</p>
286
287<pre class="code">
288 @$image = ();
289</pre>
290
291<p>and finally, to delete a single image from a multi-image sequence, use</p>
292
293<pre class="code">
294 undef $image-&gt;[$x];
295</pre>
296
297<p>The next section illustrates how to use various PerlMagick methods to manipulate an image sequence.</p>
298
299<p>Some of the PerlMagick methods require external programs such as <a href="http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/">Ghostscript</a>. This may require an explicit path in your PATH environment variable to work properly. For example (in Unix),</p>
300
301<p class='crt'><span class="crtprompt"> $magick&gt; </span><span class='crtin'>$ENV{PATH}='/../bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin';</span></p>
302<div style="margin: auto;">
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]303<h2><a id="example"></a>Example Script</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]304</div>
305
306<p>Here is an example script to get you started:</p>
307
308<pre class="code">
309 #!/usr/local/bin/perl
310 use Image::Magick;<br />
311 my($image, $x);<br />
312 $image = Image::Magick-&gt;new;
313 $x = $image-&gt;Read('girl.png', 'logo.png', 'rose.png');
314 warn "$x" if "$x";<br />
315 $x = $image-&gt;Crop(geometry=&gt;'100x100+100+100');
316 warn "$x" if "$x";<br />
317 $x = $image-&gt;Write('x.png');
318 warn "$x" if "$x";
319</pre>
320
321<p>The script reads three images, crops them, and writes a single image as a GIF animation sequence. In many cases you may want to access individual images of a sequence. The next example illustrates how this done:</p>
322
323<pre class="code">
324 #!/usr/local/bin/perl
325 use Image::Magick;<br />
326 my($image, $p, $q);<br />
327 $image = new Image::Magick;
328 $image-&gt;Read('x1.png');
329 $image-&gt;Read('j*.jpg');
330 $image-&gt;Read('k.miff[1, 5, 3]');
331 $image-&gt;Contrast();
332 for ($x = 0; $image-&gt;[$x]; $x++)
333 {
334 $image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Frame('100x200') if $image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Get('magick') eq 'GIF';
335 undef $image-&gt;[$x] if $image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Get('columns') &lt; 100;
336 }
337 $p = $image-&gt;[1];
338 $p-&gt;Draw(stroke=&gt;'red', primitive=&gt;'rectangle', points=&gt;20,20 100,100');
339 $q = $p-&gt;Montage();
340 undef $image;
341 $q-&gt;Write('x.miff');
342</pre>
343
344<p>Suppose you want to start out with a 100 by 100 pixel white canvas with a red pixel in the center. Try</p>
345
346<pre class="code">
347 $image = Image::Magick-&gt;new;
348 $image-&gt;Set(size=&gt;'100x100');
cristyf9a6c462011-04-24 14:01:11 +0000[diff] [blame]349 $image-&gt;ReadImage('canvas:white');
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]350 $image-&gt;Set('pixel[49,49]'=&gt;'red');
351</pre>
352
353<p>Here we reduce the intensity of the red component at (1,1) by half:</p>
354
355<pre class="code">
356 @pixels = $image-&gt;GetPixel(x=&gt;1,y=&gt;1);
357 $pixels[0]*=0.5;
358 $image-&gt;SetPixel(x=&gt;1,y=&gt;1,color=&gt;\@pixels);
359</pre>
360
361<p>Or suppose you want to convert your color image to grayscale:</p>
362
363<pre class="code">
364 $image-&gt;Quantize(colorspace=&gt;'gray');
365</pre>
366
367<p>Let's annotate an image with a Taipai TrueType font:</p>
368
369<pre class="code">
370 $text = 'Works like magick!';
371 $image-&gt;Annotate(font=&gt;'kai.ttf', pointsize=&gt;40, fill=&gt;'green', text=&gt;$text);
372</pre>
373
374<p>Perhaps you want to extract all the pixel intensities from an image and write them to STDOUT:</p>
375
376<pre class="code">
377 @pixels = $image-&gt;GetPixels(map=&gt;'I', height=&gt;$height, width=&gt;$width, normalize=&gt;true);
378 binmode STDOUT;
379 print pack('B*',join('',@pixels));
380</pre>
381
382<p>Other clever things you can do with a PerlMagick objects include</p>
383
384<pre class="code">
385 $i = $#$p"+1"; # return the number of images associated with object p
386 push(@$q, @$p); # push the images from object p onto object q
387 @$p = (); # delete the images but not the object p
388 $p-&gt;Convolve([1, 2, 1, 2, 4, 2, 1, 2, 1]); # 3x3 Gaussian kernel
389</pre>
390
391<div style="margin: auto;">
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]392 <h2><a id="read"></a>Read or Write an Image</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]393</div>
394
395<p>Use the methods listed below to either read, write, or display an image or image sequence:</p>
396
397<table class="doc">
398<caption>Read or Write Methods</caption>
399<colgroup>
400 <col width="20%"></col>
401 <col width="20%"></col>
402 <col width="20%"></col>
403 <col width="40%"></col>
404</colgroup>
405<tbody>
406
407 <tr>
408 <th>Method</th>
409 <th>Parameters</th>
410 <th>Return Value</th>
411 <th>Description</th>
412 </tr>
413
414 <tr>
415 <td valign="top">Read</td>
416 <td valign="top">one or more filenames</td>
417 <td valign="top">the number of images read</td>
418 <td valign="top">read an image or image sequence</td>
419 </tr>
420
421 <tr>
422 <td valign="top">Write</td>
423 <td valign="top">filename</td>
424 <td valign="top">the number of images written</td>
425 <td valign="top">write an image or image sequence</td>
426 </tr>
427
428 <tr>
429 <td valign="top">Display</td>
430 <td valign="top">server name</td>
431 <td valign="top">the number of images displayed</td>
432 <td valign="top">display the image or image sequence to an X server</td>
433 </tr>
434
435 <tr>
436 <td valign="top">Animate</td>
437 <td valign="top">server name</td>
438 <td valign="top">the number of images animated</td>
439 <td valign="top">animate image sequence to an X server</td>
440 </tr>
441</tbody>
442</table>
443
444<p>For convenience, methods Write(), Display(), and Animate() can take any parameter that <a href="#set-attribute">SetAttribute</a> knows about. For example,</p>
445
446<pre class="code">
447 $image-&gt;Write(filename=&gt;'image.png', compression=&gt;'None');
448</pre>
449
450<p>Use <kbd>-</kbd> as the filename to method Read() to read from standard in or to method Write() to write to standard out:</p>
451
452<pre class="code">
453 binmode STDOUT;
454 $image-&gt;Write('png:-');
455</pre>
456
457<p>To read an image in the GIF format from a PERL filehandle, use:</p>
458
459<pre class="code">
460 $image = Image::Magick-&gt;new;
461 open(IMAGE, 'image.gif');
462 $image-&gt;Read(file=&gt;\*IMAGE);
463 close(IMAGE);
464</pre>
465
466<p>To write an image in the PNG format to a PERL filehandle, use:</p>
467
468<pre class="code">
469 $filename = "image.png";
470 open(IMAGE, ">$filename");
471 $image-&gt;Write(file=&gt;\*IMAGE, filename=&gt;$filename);
472 close(IMAGE);
473</pre>
474
cristycb03ed62009-12-11 21:30:51 +0000[diff] [blame]475<p>Note, reading from or writing to a Perl filehandle may fail under Windows due to different versions of the C-runtime libraries between ImageMagick and the ActiveState Perl distributions or if one of the DLL's is linked with the /MT option. See <a href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms235460.aspx">Potential Errors Passing CRT Objects Across DLL Boundaries</a> for an explanation.</p>
476
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]477<p>If <kbd>%0Nd, %0No, or %0Nx</kbd> appears in the filename, it is interpreted as a printf format specification and the specification is replaced with the specified decimal, octal, or hexadecimal encoding of the scene number. For example,</p>
478
479<pre class="text">
480 image%03d.miff
481</pre>
482
483<p>converts files image000.miff, image001.miff, etc.</p>
484
485<p>You can optionally add <i>Image</i> to any method name. For example, ReadImage() is an alias for method Read().</p>
486
487</div>
488
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]489<h2><a id="manipulate"></a>Manipulate an Image</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]490<div class="doc-section">
491
492<p>Once you create an image with, for example, method ReadImage() you may want to operate on it. Below is a list of all the image manipulations methods available to you with PerlMagick. There are <a href="../www/examples.html">examples</a> of select PerlMagick methods. Here is an example call to an image manipulation method:</p>
493
494<pre class="code">
495 $image-&gt;Crop(geometry=&gt;'100x100+10+20');
496 $image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Frame("100x200");
497</pre>
498
499<p>And here is a list of other image manipulation methods you can call:</p>
500
501<table class="doc">
502<caption>Image Manipulation Methods</caption>
503<tbody>
504 <tr>
505 <th>Method</th>
506 <th style="width: 40%">Parameters</th>
507 <th style="width: 40%">Description</th>
508 </tr>
509
510 <tr>
511 <td valign="top">AdaptiveBlur</td>
512 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
513 <td valign="top">adaptively blur the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). Decrease the effect near edges.</td>
514 </tr>
515
516 <tr>
517 <td valign="top">AdaptiveResize</td>
518 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, filter=&gt;{Point, Box, Triangle, Hermite, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Gaussian, Quadratic, Cubic, Catrom, Mitchell, Lanczos, Bessel, Sinc}, support=&gt;<i>double</i>, blur=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
519 <td valign="top">adaptively resize image using data dependant triangulation. Specify <kbd>blur</kbd> &gt; 1 for blurry or &lt; 1 for sharp</td>
520 </tr>
521
522 <tr>
523 <td valign="top">AdaptiveSharpen</td>
524 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
525 <td valign="top">adaptively sharpen the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma). Increase the effect near edges.</td>
526 </tr>
527
528 <tr>
529 <td valign="top">AdaptiveThreshold</td>
530 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, offset=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
531 <td valign="top">local adaptive thresholding.</td>
532 </tr>
533
534 <tr>
535 <td valign="top">AddNoise</td>
536 <td valign="top">noise=&gt;{Uniform, Gaussian, Multiplicative, Impulse, Laplacian, Poisson}, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
537 <td valign="top">add noise to an image</td>
538 </tr>
539
540 <tr>
541 <td valign="top">AffineTransform</td>
542 <td valign="top">affine=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, translate=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, scale=&gt; <i>float, float</i>, rotate=&gt;<i>float</i>, skewX=&gt;<i>float</i>, skewY=&gt;<i>float</i>, interpolate={Average, Bicubic, Bilinear, Filter, Integer, Mesh, NearestNeighbor}, background=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
543 <td valign="top">affine transform image</td>
544 </tr>
545
546 <tr>
547 <td valign="top">Affinity</td>
548 <td valign="top">image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, method=&gt;{None, FloydSteinberg, Riemersma}</td>
549 <td valign="top">choose a particular set of colors from this image</td>
550 </tr>
551
552 <tr>
553 <td valign="top">Annotate</td>
cristybebec402010-04-23 19:19:08 +0000[diff] [blame]554 <td valign="top">text=&gt;<i>string</i>, font=&gt;<i>string</i>, family=&gt;<i>string</i>, style=&gt;{Normal, Italic, Oblique, Any}, stretch=&gt;{Normal, UltraCondensed, ExtraCondensed, Condensed, SemiCondensed, SemiExpanded, Expanded, ExtraExpanded, UltraExpanded}, weight=&gt;<i>integer</i>, pointsize=&gt;<i>integer</i>, density=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, stroke=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, strokewidth=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fill=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, undercolor=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, kerning=&gt;<i>float</i>, geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, antialias=&gt;{true, false}, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, affine=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, translate=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, scale=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, rotate=&gt;<i>float</i>. skewX=&gt;<i>float</i>, skewY=&gt; <i>float</i>, align=&gt;{Left, Center, Right}, encoding=&gt;{UTF-8}, interline-spacing=&gt;<i>double</i>, interword-spacing=&gt;<i>double</i>, direction=&gt;{right-to-left, left-to-right}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]555 <td valign="top">annotate an image with text. See <a href="#misc">QueryFontMetrics</a> to get font metrics without rendering any text.</td>
556 </tr>
557
558 <tr>
559 <td valign="top">AutoGamma</td>
560 <td valign="top">channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
561 <td valign="top">automagically adjust gamma level of image</td>
562 </tr>
563
564 <tr>
565 <td valign="top">AutoLevel</td>
566 <td valign="top">channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
567 <td valign="top">automagically adjust color levels of image</td>
568 </tr>
569
570 <tr>
571 <td valign="top">AutoOrient</td>
572 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
573 <td valign="top">automagically orient the image</td>
574 </tr>
575
576 <tr>
577 <td valign="top">BlackThreshold</td>
cristyec407392009-11-28 22:42:05 +0000[diff] [blame]578 <td valign="top">threshold=&gt;<i>string</i>, , channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]579 <td valign="top">force all pixels below the threshold intensity into black</td>
580 </tr>
581
582 <tr>
583 <td valign="top">BlueShift</td>
584 <td valign="top">factor=&gt;<i>double</i>,</td>
585 <td valign="top">simulate a scene at nighttime in the moonlight. Start with a factor of 1.5.</td>
586 </tr>
587
588 <tr>
589 <td valign="top">Blur</td>
590 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
591 <td valign="top">reduce image noise and reduce detail levels with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td>
592 </tr>
593
594 <tr>
595 <td valign="top">Border</td>
596 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, bordercolor=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, compose=&gt;{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyOpacity, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor },</td>
597 <td valign="top">surround the image with a border of color</td>
598 </tr>
599
600 <tr>
601 <td valign="top">Charcoal</td>
602 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
603 <td valign="top">simulate a charcoal drawing</td>
604 </tr>
605
606 <tr>
607 <td valign="top">Chop</td>
608 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
609 <td valign="top">chop an image</td>
610 </tr>
611
612 <tr>
cristyb4c03bb2009-09-27 13:55:46 +0000[diff] [blame]613 <td valign="top">Clamp</td>
614 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
615 <td valign="top">restrict color values from 0 to the quantum depth.</td>
616 </tr>
617
618 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]619 <td valign="top">Clip</td>
620 <td valign="top">id=&gt;<i>name</i>, inside=&gt;<i>{true, false}</i>,</td>
621 <td valign="top">apply along a named path from the 8BIM profile.</td>
622 </tr>
623
624 <tr>
625 <td valign="top">ClipMask</td>
626 <td valign="top">mask=&gt;<i>image-handle</i></td>
627 <td valign="top">clip image as defined by the image mask</td>
628 </tr>
629
630 <tr>
631 <td valign="top">Clut</td>
632 <td valign="top">image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, CMYK, Cyan, Green, Magenta, Blue, Yellow, Opacity, Black, or All}</td>
633 <td valign="top">apply a color lookup table to an image sequence</td>
634 </tr>
635
636 <tr>
637 <td valign="top">Coalesce</td>
638 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
639 <td valign="top">merge a sequence of images</td>
640 </tr>
641
642 <tr>
cristy83a272e2010-05-07 20:40:35 +0000[diff] [blame]643 <td valign="top">Color</td>
644 <td valign="top">color=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
645 <td valign="top">set the entire image to this color.</td>
646 </tr>
647
648 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]649 <td valign="top">ColorDecisionList</td>
650 <td valign="top">filename=&gt;<i>string</i>,</td>
651 <td valign="top">color correct with a color decision list.</td>
652 </tr>
653
654 <tr>
655 <td valign="top">Colorize</td>
656 <td valign="top">fill=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, opacity=&gt;<i>string</i></td>
657 <td valign="top">colorize the image with the fill color</td>
658 </tr>
659
660 <tr>
cristy2c839602010-04-03 02:32:08 +0000[diff] [blame]661 <td valign="top">ColorMatrix</td>
662 <td valign="top">matrix=&gt;<i>array of float values</i></td>
663 <td valign="top">apply color correction to the image. Although you can use variable sized matrices, typically you use a 5 x 5 for an RGBA image and a 6x6 for CMYKA. A 6x6 matrix is required for offsets (populate the last column with normalized values).</td>
664 </tr>
665
666 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]667 <td valign="top">Comment</td>
668 <td valign="top">string</td>
669 <td valign="top">add a comment to your image</td>
670 </tr>
671
672 <tr>
673 <td valign="top">CompareLayers</td>
674 <td valign="top">method=&gt;{any, clear, overlay}</td>
675 <td valign="top">compares each image with the next in a sequence and returns the minimum bounding region of any pixel differences it discovers. Images do not have to be the same size, though it is best that all the images are coalesced (images are all the same size, on a flattened canvas, so as to represent exactly how a specific frame should look).</td>
676 </tr>
677
678 <tr>
679 <td valign="top">Composite</td>
680 <td valign="top">image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, compose=&gt;{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyOpacity, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor }, mask=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, opacity=&gt;<i>integer</i>, tile=&gt;{True, False}, rotate=&gt;<i>double</i>, color=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, blend=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, filter, integer, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td>
681 <td valign="top">composite one image onto another. Use the rotate parameter in concert with the tile parameter.</td>
682 </tr>
683
684 <tr>
685 <td valign="top">Contrast</td>
686 <td valign="top">sharpen=&gt;{True, False}</td>
687 <td valign="top">enhance or reduce the image contrast</td>
688 </tr>
689
690 <tr>
691 <td valign="top">ContrastStretch</td>
692 <td valign="top">levels=&gt;<i>string</i>, 'black-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'white-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, CMYK, Cyan, Green, Magenta, Blue, Yellow, Opacity, Black, or All}</td>
693 <td valign="top">improve the contrast in an image by `stretching' the range of intensity values</td>
694 </tr>
695
696 <tr>
697 <td valign="top">Convolve</td>
cristy16ff93c2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000[diff] [blame]698 <td valign="top">coefficients=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}, bias=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]699 <td valign="top">apply a convolution kernel to the image. Given a kernel <i>order</i> , you would supply <i>order*order</i> float values (e.g. 3x3 implies 9 values).</td>
700 </tr>
701
702 <tr>
703 <td valign="top">Crop</td>
cristya13871a2009-12-06 19:01:22 +0000[diff] [blame]704 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]705 <td valign="top">crop an image</td>
706 </tr>
707
708 <tr>
709 <td valign="top">CycleColormap</td>
710 <td valign="top">amount=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
711 <td valign="top">displace image colormap by amount</td>
712 </tr>
713
714 <tr>
715 <td valign="top">Decipher</td>
716 <td valign="top">passphrase=&gt;<i>string</i></td>
717 <td valign="top">convert cipher pixels to plain pixels</td>
718 </tr>
719
720 <tr>
721 <td valign="top">Deconstruct</td>
722 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
723 <td valign="top">break down an image sequence into constituent parts</td>
724 </tr>
725
726 <tr>
727 <td valign="top">Deskew</td>
728 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>string</i>,threshold=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
729 <td valign="top">straighten the image</td>
730 </tr>
731
732 <tr>
733 <td valign="top">Despeckle</td>
734 <td valign="top">&nbsp;</td>
735 <td valign="top">reduce the speckles within an image</td>
736 </tr>
737
738 <tr>
739 <td valign="top">Difference</td>
740 <td valign="top">image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i></td>
741 <td valign="top">compute the difference metrics between two images </td>
742 </tr>
743
744 <tr>
745 <td valign="top">Distort</td>
cristy86f7f112011-04-14 19:17:23 +0000[diff] [blame]746 <td valign="top">points=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, method=&gt;{Affine, AffineProjection, Bilinear, Perspective, Resize, ScaleRotateTranslate}, virtual-pixel=&gt;{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}, best-fit=&gt;{True, False}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]747 <td valign="top">distort image</td>
748 </tr>
749
750 <tr>
751 <td valign="top">Draw</td>
cristybebec402010-04-23 19:19:08 +0000[diff] [blame]752 <td valign="top">primitive=&gt;{point, line, rectangle, arc, ellipse, circle, path, polyline, polygon, bezier, color, matte, text, @<i>filename</i>}, points=&gt;<i>string</i> , method=&gt;<i>{Point, Replace, Floodfill, FillToBorder, Reset}</i>, stroke=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, fill=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, font=&gt;<i>string</i>, pointsize=&gt;<i>integer</i>, strokewidth=&gt;<i>float</i>, antialias=&gt;{true, false}, bordercolor=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, x=&gt;<i>float</i>, y=&gt;<i>float</i>, dash-offset=&gt;<i>float</i>, dash-pattern=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, affine=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, translate=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, scale=&gt;<i>float, float</i>, rotate=&gt;<i>float</i>, skewX=&gt;<i>float</i>, skewY=&gt;<i>float</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}, kerning=&gt;<i>float</i>, text=&gt;<i>string</i>, vector-graphics=&gt;<i>string</i>, interline-spacing=&gt;<i>double</i>, interword-spacing=&gt;<i>double</i>, direction=&gt;{right-to-left, left-to-right}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]753 <td valign="top">annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives.</td>
754 </tr>
755
756 <tr>
757 <td valign="top">Encipher</td>
758 <td valign="top">passphrase=&gt;<i>string</i></td>
759 <td valign="top">convert plain pixels to cipher pixels</td>
760 </tr>
761
762 <tr>
763 <td valign="top">Edge</td>
764 <td valign="top">radius=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
765 <td valign="top">enhance edges within the image with a convolution filter of the given radius.</td>
766 </tr>
767
768 <tr>
769 <td valign="top">Emboss</td>
770 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
771 <td valign="top">emboss the image with a convolution filter of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td>
772 </tr>
773
774 <tr>
775 <td valign="top">Enhance</td>
776 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
777 <td valign="top">apply a digital filter to enhance a noisy image</td>
778 </tr>
779
780 <tr>
781 <td valign="top">Equalize</td>
782 <td valign="top">channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}<br /></td>
783 <td valign="top">perform histogram equalization to the image</td>
784 </tr>
785
786 <tr>
787 <td valign="top">Extent</td>
788 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, background=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td>
789 <td valign="top">set the image size</td>
790 </tr>
791
792 <tr>
793 <td valign="top">Evaluate</td>
794 <td valign="top">value=&gt;<i>double</i>, operator=&gt;<i>{Add, And, Divide, LeftShift, Max, Min, Multiply, Or, Rightshift, Subtract, Xor}</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow} </td>
795 <td valign="top">apply an arithmetic, relational, or logical expression to the image</td>
796 </tr>
797
798 <tr>
cristy16ff93c2010-01-13 23:18:07 +0000[diff] [blame]799 <td valign="top">Filter</td>
800 <td valign="top">kernel=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}, bias=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
801 <td valign="top">apply a convolution kernel to the image.</td>
802 </tr>
803
804 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]805 <td valign="top">Flip</td>
806 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
807 <td valign="top">reflect the image scanlines in the vertical direction</td>
808 </tr>
809
810 <tr>
811 <td valign="top">Flop</td>
812 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
813 <td valign="top">reflect the image scanlines in the horizontal direction</td>
814 </tr>
815
816 <tr>
817 <td valign="top">FloodfillPaint</td>
818 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i> , fill=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, bordercolor=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, invert=&gt;{True, False}</td>
819 <td valign="top">changes the color value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. If you specify a border color, the color value is changed for any neighbor pixel that is not that color.</td>
820 </tr>
821
822 <tr>
823 <td valign="top">ForwardFourierTransform</td>
824 <td valign="top">magnitude=&gt;{True, False}</td>
825 <td valign="top">implements the forward discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td>
826 </tr>
827
828 <tr>
829 <td valign="top">Frame</td>
830 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, inner=&gt;<i>integer</i>, outer=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fill=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, compose=&gt;{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyOpacity, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor },</td>
831 <td valign="top">surround the image with an ornamental border</td>
832 </tr>
833
834 <tr>
835 <td valign="top">Function</td>
836 <td valign="top">parameters=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, function=&gt;{Sin}, virtual-pixel=&gt;{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}</td>
837 <td valign="top">apply a function to the image</td>
838 </tr>
839
840 <tr>
841 <td valign="top">Gamma</td>
842 <td valign="top">gamma=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
843 <td valign="top">gamma correct the image</td>
844 </tr>
845
846 <tr>
847 <td valign="top">GaussianBlur</td>
848 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
849 <td valign="top">reduce image noise and reduce detail levels with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td>
850 </tr>
851
852 <tr>
853 <td valign="top">GetPixel</td>
854 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}, normalize=&gt;{true, false}, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
855 <td valign="top">get a single pixel. By default normalized pixel values are returned.</td>
856 </tr>
857
858 <tr>
859 <td valign="top">GetPixels</td>
860 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, map=&gt;<i>string</i>, normalize=&gt;{true, false}</td>
861 <td valign="top">get image pixels as defined by the map (e.g. "RGB", "RGBA", etc.). By default non-normalized pixel values are returned.</td>
862 </tr>
863
864 <tr>
865 <td valign="top">HaldClut</td>
866 <td valign="top">image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, CMYK, Cyan, Green, Magenta, Blue, Yellow, Opacity, Black, or All}</td>
867 <td valign="top">apply a Hald color lookup table to an image sequence</td>
868 </tr>
869
870 <tr>
871 <td valign="top">Identify</td>
cristy045bd902010-01-30 18:56:24 +0000[diff] [blame]872 <td valign="top">file=&gt;<i>file</i>, features=&gt;<i>distance</i>, unique=&gt;{True, False}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]873 <td valign="top">identify the attributes of an image</td>
874 </tr>
875
876 <tr>
877 <td valign="top">Implode</td>
878 <td valign="top">amount=&gt;<i>double</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td>
879 <td valign="top">implode image pixels about the center</td>
880 </tr>
881
882 <tr>
883 <td valign="top">InverseDiscreteFourierTransform</td>
884 <td valign="top">magnitude=&gt;{True, False}</td>
885 <td valign="top">implements the inverse discrete Fourier transform (DFT)</td>
886 </tr>
887
888 <tr>
889 <td valign="top">Label</td>
890 <td valign="top">string</td>
891 <td valign="top">assign a label to an image</td>
892 </tr>
893
894 <tr>
895 <td valign="top">Layers</td>
896 <td valign="top">method=&gt;{coalesce, compare-any, compare-clear, compare-over, composite, dispose, flatten, merge, mosaic, optimize, optimize-image, optimize-plus, optimize-trans, remove-dups, remove-zero}, compose=&gt;{Undefined, Add, Atop, Blend, Bumpmap, Clear, ColorBurn, ColorDodge, Colorize, CopyBlack, CopyBlue, CopyCMYK, Cyan, CopyGreen, Copy, CopyMagenta, CopyOpacity, CopyRed, RGB, CopyYellow, Darken, Dst, Difference, Displace, Dissolve, DstAtop, DstIn, DstOut, DstOver, Dst, Exclusion, HardLight, Hue, In, Lighten, LinearLight, Luminize, Minus, Modulate, Multiply, None, Out, Overlay, Over, Plus, ReplaceCompositeOp, Saturate, Screen, SoftLight, Src, SrcAtop, SrcIn, SrcOut, SrcOver, Src, Subtract, Threshold, Xor }, dither=&gt;{true, false}</td>
897 <td valign="top">compare each image the GIF disposed forms of the previous image in the sequence. From this, attempt to select the smallest cropped image to replace each frame, while preserving the results of the animation.</td>
898 </tr>
899
900 <tr>
901 <td valign="top">Level</td>
902 <td valign="top">levels=&gt;<i>string</i>, 'black-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'gamma'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'white-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, CMYK, Cyan, Green, Magenta, Blue, Yellow, Opacity, Black, or All}</td>
903 <td valign="top">adjust the level of image contrast</td>
904 </tr>
905
906 <tr>
cristye7f8fdd2009-09-20 14:43:12 +0000[diff] [blame]907 <td valign="top">LevelColors</td>
908 <td valign="top">invert=&gt;&gt;{True, False}, 'black-point'=&gt;<i>string</i>, 'white-point'=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, CMYK, Cyan, Green, Magenta, Blue, Yellow, Opacity, Black, or All}</td>
909 <td valign="top">level image with the given colors</td>
910 </tr>
911
912 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]913 <td valign="top">LinearStretch</td>
914 <td valign="top">levels=&gt;<i>string</i>, 'black-point'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'white-point'=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
915 <td valign="top">linear with saturation stretch</td>
916 </tr>
917
918 <tr>
919 <td valign="top">LiquidResize</td>
920 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, delta-x=&gt;<i>double</i>, rigidity=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
921 <td valign="top">rescale image with seam-carving.</td>
922 </tr>
923
924 <tr>
925 <td valign="top">Magnify</td>
926 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
927 <td valign="top">double the size of an image</td>
928 </tr>
929
930 <tr>
931 <td valign="top">Mask</td>
932 <td valign="top">mask=&gt;<i>image-handle</i></td>
933 <td valign="top">composite image pixels as defined by the mask</td>
934 </tr>
935
936 <tr>
937 <td valign="top">MatteFloodfill</td>
938 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i> , matte=&gt;<i>integer</i>, bordercolor=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, invert=&gt;{True, False}</td>
939 <td valign="top">changes the matte value of any pixel that matches the color of the target pixel and is a neighbor. If you specify a border color, the matte value is changed for any neighbor pixel that is not that color.</td>
940 </tr>
941
942 <tr>
943 <td valign="top">MedianFilter</td>
cristyb52981c2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000[diff] [blame]944 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]945 <td valign="top">replace each pixel with the median intensity pixel of a neighborhood.</td>
946 </tr>
947
948 <tr>
949 <td valign="top">Minify</td>
950 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
951 <td valign="top">half the size of an image</td>
952 </tr>
953
954 <tr>
cristybe3c5be2011-03-05 17:35:07 +0000[diff] [blame]955 <td valign="top">Mode</td>
cristyb52981c2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000[diff] [blame]956 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
cristybe3c5be2011-03-05 17:35:07 +0000[diff] [blame]957 <td valign="top">make each pixel the <em>predominate color</em> of the neighborhood.</td>
958 </tr>
959
960 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]961 <td valign="top">Modulate</td>
962 <td valign="top">brightness=&gt;<i>double</i>, saturation=&gt;<i>double</i>, hue=&gt;<i>double</i>, lightness=&gt;<i>double</i>, whiteness=&gt;<i>double</i>, blackness=&gt;<i>double</i> </td>
963 <td valign="top">vary the brightness, saturation, and hue of an image by the specified percentage</td>
964 </tr>
965
966 <tr>
cristy488844c2010-01-22 14:02:05 +0000[diff] [blame]967 <td valign="top">Morphology</td>
968 <td valign="top">kernel=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}, iterations=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
969 <td valign="top">apply a morphology method to the image.</td>
970 </tr>
971
972 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]973 <td valign="top">MotionBlur</td>
974 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, angle=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
975 <td valign="top">reduce image noise and reduce detail levels with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma) at the given angle to simulate the effect of motion</td>
976 </tr>
977
978 <tr>
979 <td valign="top">Negate</td>
980 <td valign="top">gray=&gt;{True, False}, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
cristyb29bc032010-02-01 20:29:43 +0000[diff] [blame]981 <td valign="top">replace each pixel with its complementary color (white becomes black, yellow becomes blue, etc.)</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]982 </tr>
983
984 <tr>
985 <td valign="top">Normalize</td>
986 <td valign="top">channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}<br /></td>
987 <td valign="top">transform image to span the full range of color values</td>
988 </tr>
989
990 <tr>
991 <td valign="top">OilPaint</td>
992 <td valign="top">radius=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
993 <td valign="top">simulate an oil painting</td>
994 </tr>
995
996 <tr>
997 <td valign="top">Opaque</td>
998 <td valign="top">color=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>,
999fill=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}, invert=&gt;{True, False}</td>
1000 <td valign="top">change this color to the fill color within the image</td>
1001 </tr>
1002
1003 <tr>
1004 <td valign="top">OrderedDither</td>
1005 <td valign="top">threshold=&gt;{threshold, checks, o2x2, o3x3, o4x4, o8x8, h4x4a, h6x6a, h8x8a, h4x4o, h6x6o, h8x8o, h16x16o, hlines6x4}, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1006 <td valign="top">order dither image</td>
1007 </tr>
1008
1009 <tr>
1010 <td valign="top">Polaroid</td>
1011 <td valign="top">caption=&gt;<i>string</i>, angle=&gt;<i>double</i>, pointsize=&gt;<i>double</i>, font=&gt;<i>string</i>, stroke=&gt; <i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, strokewidth=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fill=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}, background=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1012 <td valign="top">simulate a Polaroid picture.</td>
1013 </tr>
1014
1015 <tr>
1016 <td valign="top">Posterize</td>
1017 <td valign="top">levels=&gt;<i>integer</i>, dither=&gt;{True, False}</td>
1018 <td valign="top">reduce the image to a limited number of color level</td>
1019 </tr>
1020
1021 <tr>
1022 <td valign="top">Profile</td>
1023 <td valign="top">name=&gt;<i>string</i>, profile=&gt;<i>blob</i>, rendering-intent=&gt;{Undefined, Saturation, Perceptual, Absolute, Relative}, black-point-compensation=&gt;{True, False}</td>
1024 <td valign="top">add or remove ICC or IPTC image profile; name is formal name (e.g. ICC or filename; set profile to <kbd>''</kbd> to remove profile</td>
1025 </tr>
1026
1027 <tr>
1028 <td valign="top">Quantize</td>
1029 <td valign="top">colors=&gt;<i>integer</i>, colorspace=&gt;{RGB, Gray, Transparent, OHTA, XYZ, YCbCr, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, CMYK, sRGB, HSL, HSB}, treedepth=&gt; <i>integer</i>, dither=&gt;{True, False}, dither-method=&gt;{Riemersma, Floyd-Steinberg}, measure_error=&gt;{True, False}, global_colormap=&gt;{True, False}, transparent-color=&gt;<i>color</i></td>
1030 <td valign="top">preferred number of colors in the image</td>
1031 </tr>
1032
1033 <tr>
1034 <td valign="top">RadialBlur</td>
1035 <td valign="top">angle=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1036 <td valign="top">radial blur the image.</td>
1037 </tr>
1038
1039 <tr>
1040 <td valign="top">Raise</td>
1041 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, raise=&gt;{True, False}</td>
1042 <td valign="top">lighten or darken image edges to create a 3-D effect</td>
1043 </tr>
1044
1045 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1046 <td valign="top">ReduceNoise</td>
cristyb52981c2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1047 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1048 <td valign="top">reduce noise in the image with a noise peak elimination filter</td>
1049 </tr>
1050
1051 <tr>
1052 <td valign="top">Remap</td>
cristy8d724052009-11-24 20:52:07 +0000[diff] [blame]1053 <td valign="top">image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, dither=&gt;{true, false}, dither-method=&gt;{Riemersma, Floyd-Steinberg}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1054 <td valign="top">replace the colors of an image with the closest color from a reference image.</td>
1055 </tr>
1056
1057 <tr>
1058 <td valign="top">Resample</td>
1059 <td valign="top">density=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>double</i>, y=&gt;<i>double</i>, filter=&gt;{Point, Box, Triangle, Hermite, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Gaussian, Quadratic, Cubic, Catrom, Mitchell, Lanczos, Bessel, Sinc}, support=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1060 <td valign="top">resample image to desired resolution. Specify <kbd>blur</kbd> &gt; 1 for blurry or &lt; 1 for sharp</td>
1061 </tr>
1062
1063 <tr>
1064 <td valign="top">Resize</td>
1065 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, filter=&gt;{Point, Box, Triangle, Hermite, Hanning, Hamming, Blackman, Gaussian, Quadratic, Cubic, Catrom, Mitchell, Lanczos, Bessel, Sinc}, support=&gt;<i>double</i>, blur=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1066 <td valign="top">scale image to desired size. Specify <kbd>blur</kbd> &gt; 1 for blurry or &lt; 1 for sharp</td>
1067 </tr>
1068
1069 <tr>
1070 <td valign="top">Roll</td>
1071 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1072 <td valign="top">roll an image vertically or horizontally</td>
1073 </tr>
1074
1075 <tr>
1076 <td valign="top">Rotate</td>
1077 <td valign="top">degrees=&gt;<i>double</i>, background=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1078 <td valign="top">rotate an image</td>
1079 </tr>
1080
1081 <tr>
1082 <td valign="top">Sample</td>
1083 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1084 <td valign="top">scale image with pixel sampling.</td>
1085 </tr>
1086
1087 <tr>
1088 <td valign="top">Scale</td>
1089 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1090 <td valign="top">scale image to desired size</td>
1091 </tr>
1092
1093 <tr>
1094 <td valign="top">Segment</td>
1095 <td valign="top">colorspace=&gt;{RGB, Gray, Transparent, OHTA, XYZ, YCbCr, YCC, YIQ, YPbPr, YUV, CMYK}, verbose={True, False}, cluster-threshold=&gt;<i>double</i>, smoothing-threshold=<i>double</i></td>
1096 <td valign="top">segment an image by analyzing the histograms of the color components and identifying units that are homogeneous</td>
1097 </tr>
1098
1099 <tr>
1100 <td valign="top">SelectiveBlur</td>
1101 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, threshold=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1102 <td valign="top">selectively blur pixels within a contrast threshold.</td>
1103 </tr>
1104 <tr>
1105 <td valign="top">Separate</td>
1106 <td valign="top">channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, CMYK, Cyan, Green, Magenta, Blue, Yellow, Opacity, Black, or All}</td>
1107 <td valign="top">separate a channel from the image into a grayscale image</td>
1108 </tr>
1109
1110 <tr>
1111 <td valign="top">Shade</td>
1112 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, azimuth=&gt;<i>double</i>, elevation=&gt;<i>double</i>, gray=&gt;{true, false}</td>
1113 <td valign="top">shade the image using a distant light source</td>
1114 </tr>
1115
1116 <tr>
1117 <td valign="top">SetPixel</td>
1118 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}, color=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, color=&gt;<i>array of float values</i></td>
1119 <td valign="top">set a single pixel. By default normalized pixel values are expected.</td>
1120 </tr>
1121
1122 <tr>
1123 <td valign="top">Shadow</td>
1124 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, opacity=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1125 <td valign="top">simulate an image shadow</td>
1126 </tr>
1127
1128 <tr>
1129 <td valign="top">Sharpen</td>
1130 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1131 <td valign="top">sharpen the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma).</td>
1132 </tr>
1133
1134 <tr>
1135 <td valign="top">Shave</td>
1136 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1137 <td valign="top">shave pixels from the image edges</td>
1138 </tr>
1139
1140 <tr>
1141 <td valign="top">Shear</td>
1142 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, x=&gt;<i>double</i>, y=&gt;<i>double</i> fill=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1143 <td valign="top">shear the image along the X or Y axis by a positive or negative shear angle</td>
1144 </tr>
1145
1146 <tr>
1147 <td valign="top">SigmoidalContrast</td>
1148 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>string</i>, 'contrast'=&gt;<i>double</i>, 'mid-point'=&gt;<i>double</i> channel=&gt;{Red, RGB, CMYK, Cyan, Green, Magenta, Blue, Yellow, Opacity, Black, or All}, sharpen=&gt;{True, False}</td>
1149 <td valign="top">sigmoidal non-lineraity contrast control. Increase the contrast of the image using a sigmoidal transfer function without saturating highlights or shadows. <em class="option">Contrast</em> indicates how much to increase the contrast (0 is none; 3 is typical; 20 is a lot); <em class="option">mid-point</em> indicates where midtones fall in the resultant image (0 is white; 50% is middle-gray; 100% is black). To decrease contrast, set sharpen to False.</td>
1150 </tr>
1151
1152 <tr>
1153 <td valign="top">Signature</td>
1154 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
1155 <td valign="top">generate an SHA-256 message digest for the image pixel stream</td>
1156 </tr>
1157
1158 <tr>
1159 <td valign="top">Sketch</td>
1160 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, angle=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1161 <td valign="top">sketch the image with a Gaussian operator of the given radius and standard deviation (sigma) at the given angle</td>
1162 </tr>
1163
1164 <tr>
1165 <td valign="top">Solarize</td>
1166 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>string</i>,threshold=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1167 <td valign="top">negate all pixels above the threshold level</td>
1168 </tr>
1169
1170 <tr>
1171 <td valign="top">SparseColor</td>
1172 <td valign="top">points=&gt;<i>array of float values</i>, method=&gt;{Barycentric, Bilinear, Shepards, Voronoi}, virtual-pixel=&gt;{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}</td>
1173 <td valign="top">interpolate the image colors around the supplied points</td>
1174 </tr>
1175
1176 <tr>
1177 <td valign="top">Splice</td>
1178 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, fuzz=&gt;<i>double</i>, background=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, gravity=&gt;{NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td>
1179 <td valign="top">splice an image</td>
1180 </tr>
1181
1182 <tr>
1183 <td valign="top">Spread</td>
1184 <td valign="top">radius=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1185 <td valign="top">displace image pixels by a random amount</td>
1186 </tr>
1187
1188 <tr>
cristyb52981c2011-03-19 17:09:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1189 <td valign="top">Statistic</td>
1190 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}, type=&gt;{Median, Mode, Mean, Maximum, Minimum, ReduceNoise}</td>
1191 <td valign="top">replace each pixel with corresponding statistic from the neighborhood.</td>
1192 </tr>
1193 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1194 <td valign="top">Stegano</td>
1195 <td valign="top">image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, offset=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1196 <td valign="top">hide a digital watermark within the image</td>
1197 </tr>
1198
1199 <tr>
1200 <td valign="top">Stereo</td>
1201 <td valign="top">image=&gt;<i>image-handle</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1202 <td valign="top">composites two images and produces a single image that is the composite of a left and right image of a stereo pair</td>
1203 </tr>
1204
1205 <tr>
1206 <td valign="top">Strip</td>
1207 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
1208 <td valign="top">strip an image of all profiles and comments.</td>
1209 </tr>
1210
1211 <tr>
1212 <td valign="top">Swirl</td>
1213 <td valign="top">degrees=&gt;<i>double</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td>
1214 <td valign="top">swirl image pixels about the center</td>
1215 </tr>
1216
1217 <tr>
1218 <td valign="top">Texture</td>
1219 <td valign="top">texture=&gt;<i>image-handle</i></td>
1220 <td valign="top">name of texture to tile onto the image background</td>
1221 </tr>
1222
1223 <tr>
1224 <td valign="top">Thumbnail</td>
1225 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
1226 <td valign="top">changes the size of an image to the given dimensions and removes any associated profiles.</td>
1227 </tr>
1228
1229 <tr>
1230 <td valign="top">Threshold</td>
1231 <td valign="top">threshold=&gt;<i>string</i>, channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
1232 <td valign="top">threshold the image</td>
1233 </tr>
1234
1235 <tr>
1236 <td valign="top">Tint</td>
1237 <td valign="top">fill=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, opacity=&gt;<i>string</i></td>
1238 <td valign="top">tint the image with the fill color.</td>
1239 </tr>
1240
1241 <tr>
1242 <td valign="top">Transparent</td>
1243 <td valign="top">color=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i>, invert=&gt;{True, False}</td>
1244 <td valign="top">make this color transparent within the image</td>
1245 </tr>
1246
1247 <tr>
1248 <td valign="top">Transpose</td>
1249 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
1250 <td valign="top">flip image in the vertical direction and rotate 90 degrees</td>
1251 </tr>
1252
1253 <tr>
1254 <td valign="top">Transverse</td>
1255 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
1256 <td valign="top">flop image in the horizontal direction and rotate 270 degrees</td>
1257 </tr>
1258
1259 <tr>
1260 <td valign="top">Trim</td>
1261 <td valign="top"><br /></td>
1262 <td valign="top">remove edges that are the background color from the image</td>
1263 </tr>
1264
1265 <tr>
1266 <td valign="top">UnsharpMask</td>
1267 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, amount=&gt;<i>double</i>, threshold=&gt;<i>double</i></td>
1268 <td valign="top">sharpen the image with the unsharp mask algorithm.</td>
1269 </tr>
1270
1271 <tr>
1272 <td valign="top">Vignette</td>
1273 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, radius=&gt;<i>double</i>, sigma=&gt;<i>double</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i>, background=&gt;<i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1274 <td valign="top">offset the edges of the image in vignette style</td>
1275 </tr>
1276
1277 <tr>
1278 <td valign="top">Wave</td>
1279 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, amplitude=&gt;<i>double</i>, wavelength=&gt;<i>double</i>, interpolate=&gt;{undefined, average, bicubic, bilinear, mesh, nearest-neighbor, spline}</td>
1280 <td valign="top">alter an image along a sine wave</td>
1281 </tr>
1282
1283 <tr>
1284 <td valign="top">WhiteThreshold</td>
cristyec407392009-11-28 22:42:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1285 <td valign="top">threshold=&gt;<i>string</i>, , channel=&gt;{All, Default, Alpha, Black, Blue, CMYK, Cyan, Gray, Green, Index, Magenta, Opacity, Red, RGB, Yellow}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1286 <td valign="top">force all pixels above the threshold intensity into white</td>
1287 </tr>
1288</tbody>
1289</table>
1290
1291<p>Note, that the <kbd>geometry</kbd> parameter is a short cut for the <kbd>width</kbd> and <kbd>height</kbd> parameters (e.g. <kbd>geometry=&gt;'106x80'</kbd> is equivalent to <kbd>width=&gt;106, height=&gt;80</kbd> ).</p>
1292
1293<p>You can specify <kbd>@filename</kbd> in both Annotate() and Draw(). This reads the text or graphic primitive instructions from a file on disk. For example,</p>
1294
1295<pre class="code">
1296 $image-&gt;Draw(fill=&gt;'red', primitive=&gt;'rectangle',
1297 points=&gt;'20,20 100,100 40,40 200,200 60,60 300,300');
1298</pre>
1299
1300<p>Is equivalent to</p>
1301
1302<pre class="code">
1303 $image-&gt;Draw(fill=&gt;'red', primitive=&gt;'@draw.txt');
1304</pre>
1305
1306<p>Where <kbd>draw.txt</kbd> is a file on disk that contains this:</p>
1307
1308<pre class="text">
1309 rectangle 20, 20 100, 100
1310 rectangle 40, 40 200, 200
1311 rectangle 60, 60 300, 300
1312</pre>
1313
1314<p>The <i>text</i> parameter for methods, Annotate(), Comment(), Draw(), and Label() can include the image filename, type, width, height, or other image attribute by embedding these special format characters:</p>
1315
1316<pre class="text">
1317 %b file size
1318 %c comment
1319 %d directory
1320 %e filename extension
1321 %f filename
1322 %g page geometry
1323 %h height
1324 %i input filename
1325 %k number of unique colors
1326 %l label
1327 %m magick
1328 %n number of scenes
1329 %o output filename
1330 %p page number
1331 %q quantum depth
1332 %r image class and colorspace
1333 %s scene number
1334 %t top of filename
1335 %u unique temporary filename
1336 %w width
1337 %x x resolution
1338 %y y resolution
1339 %z image depth
1340 %C image compression type
1341 %D image dispose method
1342 %H page height
1343 %Q image compression quality
1344 %T image delay
1345 %W page width
1346 %X page x offset
1347 %Y page y offset
1348 %@ bounding box
1349 %# signature
1350 %% a percent sign
1351 \n newline
1352 \r carriage return
1353</pre>
1354
1355<p>For example,</p>
1356
1357<pre class="code">
1358 text=&gt;"%m:%f %wx%h"
1359</pre>
1360
1361<p>produces an annotation of <b>MIFF:bird.miff 512x480</b> for an image titled <b>bird.miff</b> and whose width is 512 and height is 480.</p>
1362
1363<p>You can optionally add <i>Image</i> to any method name. For example, TrimImage() is an alias for method Trim().</p>
1364
1365<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in <a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p>
1366
1367</div>
1368
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]1369<h2><a id="set-attribute"></a>Set an Image Attribute</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1370<div class="doc-section">
1371
1372<p>Use method Set() to set an image attribute. For example,</p>
1373
1374<pre class="code">
1375 $image-&gt;Set(dither=&gt;'True');
1376 $image-&gt;[$x]-&gt;Set(delay=&gt;3);
1377</pre>
1378
1379<p>Where this example uses 'True' and this document says '{True, False}',
1380you can use the case-insensitive strings 'True' and 'False', or you
1381can use the integers 1 and 0.</p>
1382
1383<p>When you call Get() on a Boolean attribute, Image::Magick returns 1 or 0, not a string.</p>
1384
1385<p>And here is a list of all the image attributes you can set:</p>
1386
1387<table class="doc">
1388 <caption>Image Attributes</caption>
1389 <tbody>
1390 <tr>
1391 <th>Attribute</th>
1392 <th style="width: 40%">Values</th>
1393 <th style="width: 40%">Description</th>
1394 </tr>
1395
1396 <tr>
1397 <td valign="top">adjoin</td>
1398 <td valign="top">{True, False}</td>
1399 <td valign="top">join images into a single multi-image file</td>
1400 </tr>
1401
1402 <tr>
1403 <td valign="top">alpha</td>
1404 <td valign="top">{On, Off, Opaque, Transparent, Copy, Extract, Set}</td>
1405 <td valign="top">control of and special operations involving the alpha/matte channel</td>
1406 </tr>
1407
1408 <tr>
1409 <td valign="top">antialias</td>
1410 <td valign="top">{True, False}</td>
1411 <td valign="top">remove pixel aliasing</td>
1412 </tr>
1413
1414 <tr>
1415 <td valign="top">area-limit</td>
1416 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
cristyc1c61662009-09-30 14:04:37 +0000[diff] [blame]1417 <td valign="top">set pixel area resource limit.</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1418 </tr>
1419
1420 <tr>
1421 <td valign="top">attenuate</td>
1422 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
1423 <td valign="top">lessen (or intensify) when adding noise to an image.</td>
1424 </tr>
1425
1426 <tr>
1427 <td valign="top">authenticate</td>
1428 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1429 <td valign="top">decrypt image with this password.</td>
1430 </tr>
1431
1432 <tr>
1433 <td valign="top">background</td>
1434 <td valign="top"><i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1435 <td valign="top">image background color</td>
1436 </tr>
1437
1438 <tr>
1439 <td valign="top">blue-primary</td>
1440 <td valign="top"><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td>
1441 <td valign="top">chromaticity blue primary point (e.g. 0.15, 0.06)</td>
1442 </tr>
1443
1444 <tr>
1445 <td valign="top">bordercolor</td>
1446 <td valign="top"><i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1447 <td valign="top">set the image border color</td>
1448 </tr>
1449
1450 <tr>
1451 <td valign="top">clip-mask</td>
1452 <td valign="top"><i>image</i></td>
1453 <td valign="top">associate a clip mask with the image.</td>
1454 </tr>
1455
1456 <tr>
1457 <td valign="top">colormap[<i>i</i>]</td>
1458 <td valign="top"><i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1459 <td valign="top">color name (e.g. red) or hex value (e.g. #ccc) at position
1460<i>i</i></td>
1461 </tr>
1462
1463 <tr>
1464 <td valign="top">comment</td>
1465 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1466 <td valign="top">set the image comment</td>
1467 </tr>
1468
1469 <tr>
1470 <td valign="top">compression</td>
1471 <td valign="top">{None, BZip, Fax, Group4, JPEG, JPEG2000, LosslessJPEG, LZW, RLE, Zip}</td>
1472 <td valign="top">type of image compression</td>
1473 </tr>
1474
1475 <tr>
1476 <td valign="top">debug</td>
1477 <td valign="top">{All, Annotate, Blob, Cache, Coder, Configure, Deprecate, Draw, Exception, Locale, None, Resource, Transform, X11}</td>
1478 <td valign="top">display copious debugging information</td>
1479 </tr>
1480
1481 <tr>
1482 <td valign="top">delay</td>
1483 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1484 <td valign="top">this many 1/100ths of a second must expire before displaying the next image in a sequence</td>
1485 </tr>
1486
1487 <tr>
1488 <td valign="top">density</td>
1489 <td valign="top"><i>geometry</i></td>
1490 <td valign="top">vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image</td>
1491 </tr>
1492
1493 <tr>
1494 <td valign="top">depth</td>
1495 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1496 <td valign="top">image depth</td>
1497 </tr>
1498
1499 <tr>
cristybebec402010-04-23 19:19:08 +0000[diff] [blame]1500 <td valign="top">direction</td>
1501 <td valign="top"><i>{Undefined, right-to-left, left-to-right</i></td>
1502 <td valign="top">render text right-to-left or left-to-right</td>
1503 </tr>
1504
1505 <tr>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1506 <td valign="top">disk-limit</td>
1507 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
cristyc1c61662009-09-30 14:04:37 +0000[diff] [blame]1508 <td valign="top">set disk resource limit</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1509 </tr>
1510
1511 <tr>
1512 <td valign="top">dispose</td>
1513 <td valign="top"><i>{Undefined, None, Background, Previous}</i></td>
1514 <td valign="top">layer disposal method</td>
1515 </tr>
1516
1517 <tr>
1518 <td valign="top">dither</td>
1519 <td valign="top">{True, False}</td>
1520 <td valign="top">apply error diffusion to the image</td>
1521 </tr>
1522
1523 <tr>
1524 <td valign="top">display</td>
1525 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1526 <td valign="top">specifies the X server to contact</td>
1527 </tr>
1528
1529 <tr>
1530 <td valign="top">extract</td>
1531 <td valign="top"><i>geometry</i></td>
1532 <td valign="top">extract area from image</td>
1533 </tr>
1534
1535 <tr>
1536 <td valign="top">file</td>
1537 <td valign="top"><i>filehandle</i></td>
1538 <td valign="top">set the image filehandle</td>
1539 </tr>
1540
1541 <tr>
1542 <td valign="top">filename</td>
1543 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1544 <td valign="top">set the image filename</td>
1545 </tr>
1546
1547 <tr>
1548 <td valign="top">fill</td>
1549 <td valign="top"><i>color</i></td>
1550 <td valign="top">The fill color paints any areas inside the outline of drawn shape.</td>
1551 </tr>
1552
1553 <tr>
1554 <td valign="top">font</td>
1555 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1556 <td valign="top">use this font when annotating the image with text</td>
1557 </tr>
1558
1559 <tr>
1560 <td valign="top">fuzz</td>
1561 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1562 <td valign="top">colors within this distance are considered equal</td>
1563 </tr>
1564
1565 <tr>
1566 <td valign="top">gamma</td>
1567 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
1568 <td valign="top">gamma level of the image</td>
1569 </tr>
1570
1571 <tr>
1572 <td valign="top">Gravity</td>
1573 <td valign="top">{Forget, NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest, South, SouthEast}</td>
1574 <td valign="top">type of image gravity</td>
1575 </tr>
1576
1577 <tr>
1578 <td valign="top">green-primary</td>
1579 <td valign="top"><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td>
1580 <td valign="top">chromaticity green primary point (e.g. 0.3, 0.6)</td>
1581 </tr>
1582
1583 <tr>
1584 <td valign="top">index[<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>]</td>
1585 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1586 <td valign="top">colormap index at position (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>)</td>
1587 </tr>
1588
1589 <tr>
1590 <td valign="top">interlace</td>
1591 <td valign="top">{None, Line, Plane, Partition, JPEG, GIF, PNG}</td>
1592 <td valign="top">the type of interlacing scheme</td>
1593 </tr>
1594
1595 <tr>
1596 <td valign="top">iterations</td>
1597 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1598 <td valign="top">add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation</td>
1599 </tr>
1600
1601 <tr>
1602 <td valign="top">label</td>
1603 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1604 <td valign="top">set the image label</td>
1605 </tr>
1606
1607 <tr>
1608 <td valign="top">loop</td>
1609 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1610 <td valign="top">add Netscape loop extension to your GIF animation</td>
1611 </tr>
1612
1613 <tr>
1614 <td valign="top">magick</td>
1615 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1616 <td valign="top">set the image format</td>
1617 </tr>
1618
1619 <tr>
1620 <td valign="top">map-limit</td>
1621 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
cristyc1c61662009-09-30 14:04:37 +0000[diff] [blame]1622 <td valign="top">set map resource limit</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1623 </tr>
1624
1625 <tr>
1626 <td valign="top">mask</td>
1627 <td valign="top"><i>image</i></td>
1628 <td valign="top">associate a mask with the image.</td>
1629 </tr>
1630
1631 <tr>
1632 <td valign="top">matte</td>
1633 <td valign="top">{True, False}</td>
1634 <td valign="top">enable the image matte channel</td>
1635 </tr>
1636
1637 <tr>
1638 <td valign="top">mattecolor</td>
1639 <td valign="top"><i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1640 <td valign="top">set the image matte color</td>
1641 </tr>
1642
1643 <tr>
1644 <td valign="top">memory-limit</td>
1645 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
cristyc1c61662009-09-30 14:04:37 +0000[diff] [blame]1646 <td valign="top">set memory resource limit</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1647 </tr>
1648
1649 <tr>
1650 <td valign="top">monochrome</td>
1651 <td valign="top">{True, False}</td>
1652 <td valign="top">transform the image to black and white</td>
1653 </tr>
1654
1655 <tr>
1656 <td valign="top">option</td>
1657 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1658 <td valign="top">associate an option with an image format (e.g. option=&gt;'ps:imagemask'</td>
1659 </tr>
1660
1661 <tr>
1662 <td valign="top">orientation</td>
1663 <td valign="top">{top-left, top-right, bottom-right, bottom-left, left-top, right-top, right-bottom, left-bottom}</td>
1664 <td valign="top">image orientation</td>
1665 </tr>
1666
1667 <tr>
1668 <td valign="top">page</td>
1669 <td valign="top">{ Letter, Tabloid, Ledger, Legal, Statement, Executive, A3, A4, A5, B4, B5, Folio, Quarto, 10x14} or <i>geometry</i></td>
1670 <td valign="top">preferred size and location of an image canvas</td>
1671 </tr>
1672
1673 <tr>
1674 <td valign="top">pixel[<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>]</td>
1675 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1676 <td valign="top">hex value (e.g. #ccc) at position (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>)</td>
1677 </tr>
1678
1679 <tr>
1680 <td valign="top">pointsize</td>
1681 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1682 <td valign="top">pointsize of the Postscript or TrueType font</td>
1683 </tr>
1684
1685 <tr>
1686 <td valign="top">quality</td>
1687 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1688 <td valign="top">JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level</td>
1689 </tr>
1690
1691 <tr>
1692 <td valign="top">red-primary</td>
1693 <td valign="top"><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td>
1694 <td valign="top">chromaticity red primary point (e.g. 0.64, 0.33)</td>
1695 </tr>
1696
1697 <tr>
1698 <td valign="top">sampling-factor</td>
1699 <td valign="top"><i>geometry</i></td>
1700 <td valign="top">horizontal and vertical sampling factor</td>
1701 </tr>
1702
1703 <tr>
1704 <td valign="top">scene</td>
1705 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1706 <td valign="top">image scene number</td>
1707 </tr>
1708
1709 <tr>
1710 <td valign="top">server</td>
1711 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1712 <td valign="top">specifies the X server to contact</td>
1713 </tr>
1714
1715 <tr>
1716 <td valign="top">size</td>
1717 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1718 <td valign="top">width and height of a raw image</td>
1719 </tr>
1720
1721 <tr>
1722 <td valign="top">stroke</td>
1723 <td valign="top"><i>color</i></td>
1724 <td valign="top">The stroke color paints along the outline of a shape.</td>
1725 </tr>
1726
1727 <tr>
1728 <td valign="top">texture</td>
1729 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1730 <td valign="top">name of texture to tile onto the image background</td>
1731 </tr>
1732
1733 <tr>
1734 <td valign="top">tile-offset</td>
1735 <td valign="top"><i>geometry</i></td>
1736 <td valign="top">image tile offset</td>
1737 </tr>
1738
1739 <tr>
1740 <td valign="top">time-limit</td>
1741 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1742 <td valign="top">set time resource limit in seconds</td>
1743 </tr>
1744
1745 <tr>
1746 <td valign="top">type</td>
cristyefb2bdb2010-11-20 19:35:22 +0000[diff] [blame]1747 <td valign="top">{Bilevel, Grayscale, GrayscaleMatte, Palette, PaletteMatte, TrueColor, TrueColorMatte, ColorSeparation, ColorSeparationMatte}</td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1748 <td valign="top">image type</td>
1749 </tr>
1750
1751 <tr>
1752 <td valign="top">units</td>
1753 <td valign="top">{ Undefined, PixelsPerInch, PixelsPerCentimeter}</td>
1754 <td valign="top">units of image resolution</td>
1755 </tr>
1756
1757 <tr>
1758 <td valign="top">verbose</td>
1759 <td valign="top">{True, False}</td>
1760 <td valign="top">print detailed information about the image</td>
1761 </tr>
1762
1763 <tr>
1764 <td valign="top">virtual-pixel</td>
1765 <td valign="top">{Background Black Constant Dither Edge Gray Mirror Random Tile Transparent White}</td>
1766 <td valign="top">the virtual pixel method</td>
1767 </tr>
1768
1769 <tr>
1770 <td valign="top">white-point</td>
1771 <td valign="top"><i>x-value</i>, <i>y-value</i></td>
1772 <td valign="top">chromaticity white point (e.g. 0.3127, 0.329)</td>
1773 </tr>
1774 </tbody>
1775</table>
1776
1777<p>Note, that the <kbd>geometry</kbd> parameter is a short cut for the <kbd>width</kbd> and <kbd>height</kbd> parameters (e.g. <kbd>geometry=&gt;'106x80'</kbd> is equivalent to <kbd>width=&gt;106, height=&gt;80</kbd>).</p>
1778
1779<p>SetAttribute() is an alias for method Set().</p>
1780
1781<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in
1782<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p>
1783
1784</div>
1785
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]1786<h2><a id="get-attribute"></a>Get an Image Attribute</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1787<div class="doc-section">
1788
1789<p>Use method Get() to get an image attribute. For example,</p>
1790
1791<pre class="code">
1792 ($a, $b, $c) = $image-&gt;Get('colorspace', 'magick', 'adjoin');
1793 $width = $image-&gt;[3]-&gt;Get('columns');
1794</pre>
1795
1796<p>In addition to all the attributes listed in <a href="#set-attribute">Set an Image Attribute</a> , you can get these additional attributes:</p>
1797
1798<table class="doc">
1799 <caption>Image Attributes</caption>
1800 <tbody>
1801 <tr>
1802 <th>Attribute</th>
1803 <th>Values</th>
1804 <th style="width: 60%">Description</th>
1805 </tr>
1806
1807 <tr>
1808 <td valign="top">area</td>
1809 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1810 <td valign="top">current area resource consumed</td>
1811 </tr>
1812
1813 <tr>
1814 <td valign="top">base-columns</td>
1815 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1816 <td valign="top">base image width (before transformations)</td>
1817 </tr>
1818
1819 <tr>
1820 <td valign="top">base-filename</td>
1821 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1822 <td valign="top">base image filename (before transformations)</td>
1823 </tr>
1824
1825 <tr>
1826 <td valign="top">base-rows</td>
1827 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1828 <td valign="top">base image height (before transformations)</td>
1829 </tr>
1830
1831 <tr>
1832 <td valign="top">class</td>
1833 <td valign="top">{Direct, Pseudo}</td>
1834 <td valign="top">image class</td>
1835 </tr>
1836
1837 <tr>
1838 <td valign="top">colors</td>
1839 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1840 <td valign="top">number of unique colors in the image</td>
1841 </tr>
1842
1843 <tr>
1844 <td valign="top">columns</td>
1845 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1846 <td valign="top">image width</td>
1847 </tr>
1848
1849 <tr>
1850 <td valign="top">copyright</td>
1851 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1852 <td valign="top">get PerlMagick's copyright</td>
1853 </tr>
1854
1855 <tr>
1856 <td valign="top">directory</td>
1857 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1858 <td valign="top">tile names from within an image montage</td>
1859 </tr>
1860
1861 <tr>
1862 <td valign="top">elapsed-time</td>
1863 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
1864 <td valign="top">elapsed time in seconds since the image was created</td>
1865 </tr>
1866
1867 <tr>
1868 <td valign="top">error</td>
1869 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
1870 <td valign="top">the mean error per pixel computed with methods Compare() or Quantize()</td>
1871 </tr>
1872
1873 <tr>
1874 <td valign="top">bounding-box</td>
1875 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1876 <td valign="top">image bounding box</td>
1877 </tr>
1878
1879 <tr>
1880 <td valign="top">disk</td>
1881 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1882 <td valign="top">current disk resource consumed</td>
1883 </tr>
1884
1885 <tr>
1886 <td valign="top">filesize</td>
1887 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1888 <td valign="top">number of bytes of the image on disk</td>
1889 </tr>
1890
1891 <tr>
1892 <td valign="top">format</td>
1893 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1894 <td valign="top">get the descriptive image format</td>
1895 </tr>
1896
1897 <tr>
1898 <td valign="top">geometry</td>
1899 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1900 <td valign="top">image geometry</td>
1901 </tr>
1902
1903 <tr>
1904 <td valign="top">height</td>
1905 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1906 <td valign="top">the number of rows or height of an image</td>
1907 </tr>
1908
1909 <tr>
1910 <td valign="top">id</td>
1911 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1912 <td valign="top">ImageMagick registry id</td>
1913 </tr>
1914
1915 <tr>
1916 <td valign="top">mean-error</td>
1917 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
1918 <td valign="top">the normalized mean error per pixel computed with methods Compare() or Quantize()</td>
1919 </tr>
1920
1921 <tr>
1922 <td valign="top">map</td>
1923 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1924 <td valign="top">current memory-mapped resource consumed</td>
1925 </tr>
1926
1927 <tr>
1928 <td valign="top">matte</td>
1929 <td valign="top">{True, False}</td>
1930 <td valign="top">whether or not the image has a matte channel</td>
1931 </tr>
1932
1933 <tr>
1934 <td valign="top">maximum-error</td>
1935 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
1936 <td valign="top">the normalized max error per pixel computed with methods Compare() or Quantize()</td>
1937 </tr>
1938
1939 <tr>
1940 <td valign="top">memory</td>
1941 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1942 <td valign="top">current memory resource consumed</td>
1943 </tr>
1944
1945 <tr>
1946 <td valign="top">mime</td>
1947 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1948 <td valign="top">MIME of the image format</td>
1949 </tr>
1950
1951 <tr>
1952 <td valign="top">montage</td>
1953 <td valign="top"><i>geometry</i></td>
1954 <td valign="top">tile size and offset within an image montage</td>
1955 </tr>
1956
1957 <tr>
1958 <td valign="top">page.x</td>
1959 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1960 <td valign="top">x offset of image virtual canvas</td>
1961 </tr>
1962
1963 <tr>
1964 <td valign="top">page.y</td>
1965 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1966 <td valign="top">y offset of image virtual canvas</td>
1967 </tr>
1968
1969 <tr>
1970 <td valign="top">rows</td>
1971 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
1972 <td valign="top">the number of rows or height of an image</td>
1973 </tr>
1974
1975 <tr>
1976 <td valign="top">signature</td>
1977 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
1978 <td valign="top">SHA-256 message digest associated with the image pixel stream</td>
1979 </tr>
1980
1981 <tr>
1982 <td valign="top">taint</td>
1983 <td valign="top">{True, False}</td>
1984 <td valign="top">True if the image has been modified</td>
1985 </tr>
1986
1987 <tr>
1988 <td valign="top">total-ink-density</td>
1989 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
1990 <td valign="top">returns the total ink density for a CMYK image</td>
1991 </tr>
1992
1993 <tr>
1994 <td valign="top">transparent-color</td>
1995 <td valign="top"><i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
1996 <td valign="top">set the image transparent color</td>
1997 </tr>
1998
1999 <tr>
2000 <td valign="top">user-time</td>
2001 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
2002 <td valign="top">user time in seconds since the image was created</td>
2003 </tr>
2004
2005 <tr>
2006 <td valign="top">version</td>
2007 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
2008 <td valign="top">get PerlMagick's version</td>
2009 </tr>
2010
2011 <tr>
2012 <td valign="top">width</td>
2013 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
2014 <td valign="top">the number of columns or width of an image</td>
2015 </tr>
2016
2017 <tr>
2018 <td valign="top">x-resolution</td>
2019 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
2020 <td valign="top">x resolution of the image</td>
2021 </tr>
2022
2023 <tr>
2024 <td valign="top">y-resolution</td>
2025 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
2026 <td valign="top">y resolution of the image</td>
2027 </tr>
2028 </tbody>
2029</table>
2030
2031<p>GetAttribute() is an alias for method Get().</p>
2032
2033<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in
2034<a href="../www/convert.html">convert</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p>
2035
2036</div>
2037
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2038<h2><a id="compare"></a>Compare an Image to its Reconstruction</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2039<div class="doc-section">
2040</div>
2041
2042<p>Mathematically and visually annotate the difference between an image and its reconstruction with the Compare() method. The method supports these parameters:</p>
2043
2044<table class="doc">
2045 <caption>Compare Parameters</caption>
2046 <tbody>
2047 <tr>
2048 <th>Parameter</th>
2049 <th style="width: 40%">Values</th>
2050 <th style="width: 40%">Description</th>
2051 </tr>
2052
2053 <tr>
2054 <td valign="top">channel</td>
2055 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
2056 <td valign="top">select image channels, the default is all channels except alpha.</td>
2057 </tr>
2058
2059 <tr>
2060 <td valign="top">fuzz</td>
2061 <td valign="top"><i>double</i></td>
2062 <td valign="top">colors within this distance are considered equal</td>
2063 </tr>
2064
2065 <tr>
2066 <td valign="top">image</td>
2067 <td valign="top"><i>image-reference</i></td>
2068 <td valign="top">the image reconstruction</td>
2069 </tr>
2070
2071 <tr>
2072 <td valign="top">metric</td>
2073 <td valign="top">AE, MAE, MEPP, MSE, PAE, PSNR, RMSE</td>
2074 <td valign="top">measure differences between images with this metric</td>
2075 </tr>
2076 </tbody>
2077</table>
2078
2079<p>In this example, we compare the ImageMagick logo to a sharpened reconstruction:</p>
2080
2081<pre class="code">
2082 use Image::Magick;
2083
2084 $logo=Image::Magick->New();
2085 $logo->Read('logo:');
2086 $sharp=Image::Magick->New();
2087 $sharp->Read('logo:');
2088 $sharp->Sharpen('0x1');
2089 $difference=$logo->Compare(image=>$sharp, metric=>'rmse');
2090 print $difference->Get('error'), "\n";
2091 $difference->Display();
2092</pre>
2093
2094<p>In addition to the reported root mean squared error of around 0.024, a difference image is displayed so you can visually identify the difference between the images.</p>
2095
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2096<h2><a id="montage"></a>Create an Image Montage</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2097<div class="doc-section">
2098
2099<p>Use method Montage() to create a composite image by combining several separate images. The images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image optionally appearing just below the individual tile. For example,</p>
2100
2101<pre class="code">
2102 $image-&gt;Montage(geometry=&gt;'160x160', tile=&gt;'2x2', texture=&gt;'granite:');
2103</pre>
2104
2105<p>And here is a list of Montage() parameters you can set:</p>
2106
2107<table class="doc">
2108 <caption>Montage Parameters</caption>
2109 <tbody>
2110 <tr>
2111 <th>Parameter</th>
2112 <th style="width: 40%">Values</th>
2113 <th style="width: 40%">Description</th>
2114 </tr>
2115
2116 <tr>
2117 <td valign="top">background</td>
2118 <td valign="top"><i><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></i></td>
2119 <td valign="top">background color name</td>
2120 </tr>
2121
2122 <tr>
2123 <td valign="top">border</td>
2124 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
2125 <td valign="top">image border width</td>
2126 </tr>
2127
2128 <tr>
2129 <td valign="top">filename</td>
2130 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
2131 <td valign="top">name of montage image</td>
2132 </tr>
2133
2134 <tr>
2135 <td valign="top">fill</td>
2136 <td valign="top"><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></td>
2137 <td valign="top">fill color for annotations</td>
2138 </tr>
2139
2140 <tr>
2141 <td valign="top">font</td>
2142 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
2143 <td valign="top">X11 font name</td>
2144 </tr>
2145
2146 <tr>
2147 <td valign="top">frame</td>
2148 <td valign="top"><i>geometry</i></td>
2149 <td valign="top">surround the image with an ornamental border</td>
2150 </tr>
2151
2152 <tr>
2153 <td valign="top">geometry</td>
2154 <td valign="top"><i>geometry</i></td>
2155 <td valign="top">preferred tile and border size of each tile of the composite
2156image (e.g. 120x120+4+3>)</td>
2157 </tr>
2158
2159 <tr>
2160 <td valign="top">gravity</td>
2161 <td valign="top">NorthWest, North, NorthEast, West, Center, East, SouthWest,
2162South, SouthEast</td>
2163 <td valign="top">direction image gravitates to within a tile</td>
2164 </tr>
2165
2166 <tr>
2167 <td valign="top">label</td>
2168 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
2169 <td valign="top">assign a label to an image</td>
2170 </tr>
2171
2172 <tr>
2173 <td valign="top">mode</td>
2174 <td valign="top">Frame, Unframe, Concatenate</td>
2175 <td valign="top">thumbnail framing options</td>
2176 </tr>
2177
2178 <tr>
2179 <td valign="top">pointsize</td>
2180 <td valign="top"><i>integer</i></td>
2181 <td valign="top">pointsize of the Postscript or TrueType font</td>
2182 </tr>
2183
2184 <tr>
2185 <td valign="top">shadow</td>
2186 <td valign="top">{True, False}</td>
2187 <td valign="top">add a shadow beneath a tile to simulate depth</td>
2188 </tr>
2189
2190 <tr>
2191 <td valign="top">stroke</td>
2192 <td valign="top"><a href="../www/color.html">color name</a></td>
2193 <td valign="top">stroke color for annotations</td>
2194 </tr>
2195
2196 <tr>
2197 <td valign="top">texture</td>
2198 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
2199 <td valign="top">name of texture to tile onto the image background</td>
2200 </tr>
2201
2202 <tr>
2203 <td valign="top">tile</td>
2204 <td valign="top"><i>geometry</i></td>
2205 <td valign="top">the number of tiles per row and page (e.g. 6x4)</td>
2206 </tr>
2207
2208 <tr>
2209 <td valign="top">title</td>
2210 <td valign="top">string</td>
2211 <td valign="top">assign a title to the image montage</td>
2212 </tr>
2213
2214 <tr>
2215 <td valign="top">transparent</td>
2216 <td valign="top"><i>string</i></td>
2217 <td valign="top">make this color transparent within the image</td>
2218 </tr>
2219 </tbody>
2220</table>
2221
2222<p>Note, that the <kbd>geometry</kbd> parameter is a short cut for the <kbd>width</kbd> and <kbd>height</kbd> parameters (e.g. <kbd>geometry=&gt;'106x80'</kbd> is equivalent to <kbd>width=&gt;106, height=&gt;80</kbd>).</p>
2223
2224<p>MontageImage() is an alias for method Montage().</p>
2225
2226<p>Most of the attributes listed above have an analog in <a href="../www/montage.html">montage</a>. See the documentation for a more detailed description of these attributes.</p>
2227
2228</div>
2229
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2230<h2><a id="blobs"></a>Working with Blobs</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2231<div class="doc-section">
2232
2233<p>A blob contains data that directly represent a particular image
2234format in memory instead of on disk. PerlMagick supports
2235blobs in any of these image <a href="../www/formats.html">formats</a> and provides methods to convert a blob to or from a particular image format.</p>
2236
2237<table class="doc">
2238 <caption>Blob Methods</caption>
2239 <tbody>
2240 <tr>
2241 <th>Method</th>
2242 <th>Parameters</th>
2243 <th>Return Value</th>
2244 <th>Description</th>
2245 </tr>
2246
2247 <tr>
2248 <td valign="top">ImageToBlob</td>
2249 <td valign="top">any image <a href="#set-attribute">attribute</a></td>
2250 <td valign="top">an array of image data in the respective image format</td>
2251 <td valign="top">convert an image or image sequence to an array of blobs</td>
2252 </tr>
2253
2254 <tr>
2255 <td valign="top">BlobToImage</td>
2256 <td valign="top">one or more blobs</td>
2257 <td valign="top">the number of blobs converted to an image</td>
2258 <td valign="top">convert one or more blobs to an image</td>
2259 </tr>
2260 </tbody>
2261</table>
2262
2263<p>ImageToBlob() returns the image data in their respective formats. You can then print it, save it to an ODBC database, write it to a file, or pipe it to a display program:</p>
2264
2265<pre class="code">
2266 @blobs = $image-&gt;ImageToBlob();
2267 open(DISPLAY,"| display -") || die;
2268 binmode DISPLAY;
2269 print DISPLAY $blobs[0];
2270 close DISPLAY;
2271</pre>
2272
2273<p>Method BlobToImage() returns an image or image sequence converted from the supplied blob:</p>
2274
2275<pre class="code">
2276 @blob=$db-&gt;GetImage();
2277 $image=Image::Magick-&gt;new(magick=&gt;'jpg');
2278 $image-&gt;BlobToImage(@blob);
2279</pre>
2280
2281</div>
2282
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2283<h2><a id="direct-access"></a>Direct-access to Image Pixels</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2284<div class="doc-section">
2285
2286<p>Use these methods to obtain direct access to the image pixels:</p>
2287
2288<table class="doc">
2289<caption>Direct-access to Image Pixels</caption>
2290<tbody>
2291 <tr>
2292 <th>Method</th>
2293 <th>Parameters</th>
2294 <th style="width: 50%">Description</th>
2295 </tr>
2296
2297 <tr>
2298 <td valign="top">GetAuthenticPixels</td>
2299 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
2300 <td valign="top">return image pixels as a C pointer</td>
2301 </tr>
2302
2303 <tr>
2304 <td valign="top">GetVirtualPixels</td>
2305 <td valign="top">geometry=&gt;<i>geometry</i>, width=&gt;<i>integer</i>, height=&gt;<i>integer</i>, x=&gt;<i>integer</i>, y=&gt;<i>integer</i></td>
2306 <td valign="top">return image pixels as a const C pointer</td>
2307 </tr>
2308
2309 <tr>
2310 <td valign="top">GetAuthenticIndexQueue</td>
cristy48dd1af2009-10-02 01:21:56 +0000[diff] [blame]2311 <td valign="top"></td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2312 <td valign="top">return image indexes as a C pointer</td>
2313 </tr>
2314
2315 <tr>
2316 <td valign="top">GetVirtualIndexQueue</td>
cristy48dd1af2009-10-02 01:21:56 +0000[diff] [blame]2317 <td valign="top"></td>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2318 <td valign="top">return image indexes as a const C pointer</td>
2319 </tr>
2320
2321 <tr>
2322 <td valign="top">SyncAuthenticPixels</td>
2323 <td valign="top"></td>
2324 <td valign="top">sync image pixels to pixel cache</td>
2325 </tr>
2326
2327</tbody>
2328</table>
2329
2330</div>
2331
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2332<h2><a id="miscellaneous"></a>Miscellaneous Methods</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2333<div class="doc-section">
2334
2335<p>The Append() method append a set of images. For example,</p>
2336
2337<pre class="code">
2338 $p = $image-&gt;Append(stack=&gt;{true,false});
2339</pre>
2340
2341<p>appends all the images associated with object <kbd>$image</kbd>. By default, images are stacked left-to-right. Set <kbd>stack</kbd> to True to stack them top-to-bottom.</p>
2342
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2343<p>The Clone() method copies a set of images. For example,</p>
2344
2345<pre class="code">
2346 $q = $p-&gt;Clone();
2347</pre>
2348
2349<p>copies all the images from object <kbd>$p</kbd> to <kbd>$q</kbd>. You can use this method for single or multi-image sequences.</p>
2350
cristy63fed272010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2351<p>The EvaluateImages() method applies an arithemtic, logical or relational expression to a set of images. For example,</p>
2352
2353<pre class="code">
2354 $p = $image-&gt;EvaluateImages('mean');
2355</pre>
2356
2357<p>averages all the images associated with object <kbd>$image</kbd>.</p>
2358
cristy7396d882010-01-27 02:37:56 +0000[diff] [blame]2359<p>The Features() method returns features for each channel in the image in each of four directions (horizontal, vertical, left and right diagonals) for the specified distance. The features include the angular second momentum, contrast, correlation, sum of squares: variance, inverse difference moment, sum average, sum varience, sum entropy, entropy, difference variance, difference entropy, information measures of correlation 1, information measures of correlation 2, and maximum correlation coefficient. Values in RGB, CMYK, RGBA, or CMYKA order (depending on the image type).</p>
2360
2361<pre class="code">
2362 @features = $image-&gt;Features(1);
2363</pre>
2364
2365<p>Finally, the Transform() method accepts a fully-qualified geometry specification for cropping or resizing one or more images. For example,</p>
2366
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2367<p>The Flatten() method flattens a set of images and returns it. For example,</p>
2368
2369<pre class="code">
2370 $p = $images-&gt;Flatten(background=&gt;'none');
2371 $p-&gt;Write('flatten.png');
2372</pre>
2373
2374<p>The sequence of images is replaced by a single image created by composing each image after the first over the first image.</p>
2375
2376<p>The Fx() method applies a mathematical expression to a set of images and returns the results. For example,</p>
2377
2378<pre class="code">
2379 $p = $image-&gt;Fx(expression=&gt;'(g+b)/2.0',channel=&gt;'red');
2380 $p-&gt;Write('fx.miff');
2381</pre>
2382
2383<p>replaces the red channel with the average of the green and blue channels.</p>
2384
2385<p>See <a href="../www/fx.html">FX, The Special Effects Image Operator</a> for a detailed discussion of this method.</p>
2386
2387<p>Histogram() returns the unique colors in the image and a count for each one. The returned values are an array of red, green, blue, opacity, and count values.</p>
2388
2389<p>The Morph() method morphs a set of images. Both the image pixels and size are linearly interpolated to give the appearance of a meta-morphosis from one image to the next:</p>
2390
2391<pre class="code">
2392 $p = $image-&gt;Morph(frames=&gt;<i>integer</i>);
2393</pre>
2394
2395<p>where <i>frames</i> is the number of in-between images to generate. The default is 1.</p>
2396
2397<p>Mosaic() creates an mosaic from an image sequence.</p>
2398
2399<p>Method Mogrify() is a single entry point for the image manipulation methods (<a href="#manipulate">Manipulate an Image</a>). The parameters are the name of a method followed by any parameters the method may require. For example, these calls are equivalent:</p>
2400
2401<pre class="code">
2402 $image-&gt;Crop('340x256+0+0');
2403 $image-&gt;Mogrify('crop', '340x256+0+0');
2404</pre>
2405
2406<p>Method MogrifyRegion() applies a transform to a region of the image. It is similar to Mogrify() but begins with the region geometry. For example, suppose you want to brighten a 100x100 region of your image at location (40, 50):</p>
2407
2408<pre class="code">
2409 $image-&gt;MogrifyRegion('100x100+40+50', 'modulate', brightness=&gt;50);
2410</pre>
2411
2412<p>Ping() is a convenience method that returns information about an image without having to read the image into memory. It returns the width, height, file size in bytes, and the file format of the image. You can specify more than one filename but only one filehandle:</p>
2413
2414<pre class="code">
2415 ($width, $height, $size, $format) = $image-&gt;Ping('logo.png');
2416 ($width, $height, $size, $format) = $image-&gt;Ping(file=&gt;\*IMAGE);
2417 ($width, $height, $size, $format) = $image-&gt;Ping(blob=&gt;$blob);
2418</pre>
2419
2420<p>This a more efficient and less memory intensive way to query if an image exists and what its characteristics are. <kbd>PreviewImage()</kbd> tiles 9 thumbnails of the specified image with an image processing operation applied at varying strengths. This may be helpful pin-pointing an appropriate parameter for a particular image processing operation. Choose from these operations: <kbd>Rotate, Shear, Roll, Hue, Saturation, Brightness, Gamma, Spiff, Dull, Grayscale, Quantize, Despeckle, ReduceNoise, AddNoise, Sharpen, Blur, Threshold, EdgeDetect, Spread, Solarize, Shade, Raise, Segment, Swirl, Implode, Wave, OilPaint, CharcoalDrawing, JPEG</kbd>. Here is an example:</p>
2421
2422<pre class="code">
2423 $preview = $image-&gt;Preview('Gamma');
2424 $preview-&gt;Display();
2425</pre>
2426
2427<p>To have full control over text positioning you need font metric information. Use</p>
2428
2429<pre class="code">
2430 ($x_ppem, $y_ppem, $ascender, $descender, $width, $height, $max_advance)
2431 = $image-&gt;QueryFontMetrics(<i>parameters</i>);
2432</pre>
2433
2434<p>Where <i>parameters</i> is any parameter of the <a href="#manipulate">Annotate</a> method. The return values are:</p>
2435
2436<ul>
2437 <li>character width</li>
2438 <li>character height</li>
2439 <li>ascender</li>
2440 <li>descender</li>
2441 <li>text width</li>
2442 <li>text height</li>
2443 <li>maximum horizontal advance</li>
2444 <li>bounds: x1</li>
2445 <li>bounds: y1</li>
2446 <li>bounds: x2</li>
2447 <li>bounds: y2</li>
2448 <li>origin: x</li>
2449 <li>origin: y</li>
2450</ul>
2451
2452<p>Use QueryMultilineFontMetrics() to get the maximum text width and height for multiple lines of text.</p>
2453
2454<p>Call QueryColor() with no parameters to return a list of known colors names or specify one or more color names to get these attributes: red, green, blue, and opacity value.</p>
2455
2456<pre class="code">
2457 @colors = $image-&gt;QueryColor();
2458 ($red, $green, $blue, $opacity) = $image-&gt;QueryColor('cyan');
2459 ($red, $green, $blue, $opacity) = $image-&gt;QueryColor('#716bae');
2460</pre>
2461
2462<p>QueryColorname() accepts a color value and returns its respective name or hex value;</p>
2463
2464<pre class="code">
2465 $name = $image-&gt;QueryColorname('rgba(80,60,0,0)');
2466</pre>
2467
2468<p>Call QueryFont() with no parameters to return a list of known fonts or specify one or more font names to get these attributes: font name, description, family, style, stretch, weight, encoding, foundry, format, metrics, and glyphs values.</p>
2469
2470<pre class="code">
2471 @fonts = $image-&gt;QueryFont();
2472 $weight = ($image-&gt;QueryFont('Helvetica'))[5];
2473</pre>
2474
2475<p>Call QueryFormat() with no parameters to return a list of known image formats or specify one or more format names to get these attributes: adjoin, blob support, raw, decoder, encoder, description, and module.</p>
2476
2477<pre class="code">
2478 @formats = $image-&gt;QueryFormat();
2479 ($adjoin, $blob_support, $raw, $decoder, $encoder, $description, $module)
2480 = $image-&gt;QueryFormat('gif');
2481</pre>
2482
2483<p>Call MagickToMime() with the image format name to get its MIME type such as <kbd>images/tiff</kbd> from <kbd>tif</kbd>.</p>
2484
2485<pre class="code">
2486 $mime = $image-&gt;MagickToMime('tif');
2487</pre>
2488
2489<p>Use RemoteCommand() to send a command to an already running <a href="../www/display.html">display</a> or <a href="../www/animate.html">animate</a> application. The only parameter is the name of the image file to display or animate.</p>
2490
2491<pre class="code">
2492 $image-&gt;RemoteCommand('image.jpg');
2493</pre>
2494
cristy2d67ddd2011-02-13 15:38:23 +0000[diff] [blame]2495<p>The Smush() method smushes a set of images together. For example,</p>
2496
2497<pre class="code">
2498 $p = $image-&gt;Smush(stack=&gt;{true,false},offset=&gt;<em>integer</em>);
2499</pre>
2500
2501<p>smushes together all the images associated with object <kbd>$image</kbd>. By default, images are smushed left-to-right. Set <kbd>stack</kbd> to True to smushed them top-to-bottom.</p>
2502
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2503<p>Statistics() returns the image statistics for each channel in the image. The returned values are an array of depth, minima, maxima, mean, standard deviation, kurtosis, and skewness values in RGB, CMYK, RGBA, or CMYKA order (depending on the image type).</p>
2504
2505<pre class="code">
2506 @statistics = $image-&gt;Statistics();
2507</pre>
2508
2509<p>Finally, the Transform() method accepts a fully-qualified geometry specification for cropping or resizing one or more images. For example,</p>
2510
2511<pre class="code">
2512 $p = $image-&gt;Transform(crop=&gt;'100x100+0+0', gravity=&gt;'Center');
2513</pre>
2514
2515<p>You can optionally add <i>Image</i> to any method name above. For example, PingImage() is an alias for method Ping().</p>
2516
2517</div>
2518
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2519<h2><a id="exceptions"></a>Handling Exceptions</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2520<div class="doc-section">
2521
2522<p>All PerlMagick methods return an undefined string context upon success. If any problems occur, the error is returned as a string with an embedded numeric status code. A status code less than 400 is a warning. This means that the operation did not complete but was recoverable to some degree. A numeric code greater or equal to 400 is an error and indicates the operation failed completely. Here is how exceptions are returned for the different methods:</p>
2523
2524<p>Methods which return a number (e.g. Read(), Write()):</p>
2525
2526<pre class="code">
2527 $x = $image-&gt;Read(...);
2528 warn "$x" if "$x"; # print the error message
2529 $x =~ /(\d+)/;
2530 print $1; # print the error number
2531 print 0+$x; # print the number of images read
2532</pre>
2533
2534<p>Methods which operate on an image (e.g. Resize(), Crop()):</p>
2535
2536<pre class="code">
2537 $x = $image-&gt;Crop(...);
2538 warn "$x" if "$x"; # print the error message
2539 $x =~ /(\d+)/;
2540 print $1; # print the error number
2541</pre>
2542
cristy63fed272010-03-07 19:08:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2543<p>Methods which return images (EvaluateSequence(), Montage(), Clone()) should be checked for errors this way:</p>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2544
2545<pre class="code">
2546 $x = $image-&gt;Montage(...);
2547 warn "$x" if !ref($x); # print the error message
2548 $x =~ /(\d+)/;
2549 print $1; # print the error number
2550</pre>
2551
2552<p>Here is an example error message:</p>
2553
2554<pre class="code">
2555 Error 400: Memory allocation failed
2556</pre>
2557
2558<p>Review the complete list of <a href="../www/exception.html">error and warning codes</a>.</p>
2559
2560<p>The following illustrates how you can use a numeric status code:</p>
2561
2562<pre class="code">
2563 $x = $image-&gt;Read('rose.png');
2564 $x =~ /(\d+)/;
2565 die "unable to continue" if ($1 == ResourceLimitError);
2566</pre>
2567
2568</div>
2569
cristydcca3fa2010-12-29 21:50:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2570<h2><a id="constants"></a>Constants</h2>
cristy3ed852e2009-09-05 21:47:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2571<div class="doc-section">
2572
2573<p>PerlMagick includes these constants:</p>
2574
2575<pre class="text">
2576 BlobError
2577 BlobWarning
2578 CacheError
2579 CacheWarning
2580 CoderError
2581 CoderWarning
2582 ConfigureError
2583 ConfigureWarning
2584 CorruptImageError
2585 CorruptImageWarning
2586 DelegateError
2587 DelegateWarning
2588 DrawError
2589 DrawWarning
2590 ErrorException
2591 FatalErrorException
2592 FileOpenError
2593 FileOpenWarning
2594 ImageError
2595 ImageWarning
2596 MissingDelegateError
2597 MissingDelegateWarning
2598 ModuleError
2599 ModuleWarning
2600 Opaque
2601 OptionError
2602 OptionWarning
2603 QuantumDepth
2604 QuantumRange
2605 RegistryError
2606 RegistryWarning
2607 ResourceLimitError
2608 ResourceLimitWarning
2609 StreamError
2610 StreamWarning
2611 Success
2612 Transparent
2613 TypeError
2614 TypeWarning
2615 WarningException
2616 XServerError
2617 XServerWarning
2618</pre>
2619
2620<p>You can access them like this:</p>
2621
2622<pre class="code">
2623 Image::Magick-&gt;QuantumDepth
2624</pre>
2625
2626</div>
cristy3eaa0ef2010-03-06 20:35:26 +0000[diff] [blame]2627
2628</div>
2629
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