service/src/com/android/car/ICarImpl.java

/*
 * Copyright (C) 2015 The Android Open Source Project
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package com.android.car;

import android.annotation.MainThread;
import android.annotation.Nullable;
import android.app.ActivityManager;
import android.app.ActivityOptions;
import android.app.UiModeManager;
import android.car.Car;
import android.car.CarFeatures;
import android.car.ICar;
import android.car.cluster.renderer.IInstrumentClusterNavigation;
import android.car.user.CarUserManager;
import android.car.userlib.CarUserManagerHelper;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.pm.PackageManager;
import android.content.res.Resources;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.V2_0.IVehicle;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.V2_0.InitialUserInfoResponseAction;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.V2_0.UsersInfo;
import android.hardware.automotive.vehicle.V2_0.VehicleArea;
import android.os.Binder;
import android.os.Build;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.Process;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.os.ResultReceiver;
import android.os.ShellCallback;
import android.os.ShellCommand;
import android.os.SystemClock;
import android.os.Trace;
import android.os.UserManager;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.Slog;
import android.util.TimingsTraceLog;
import android.view.KeyEvent;

import com.android.car.am.FixedActivityService;
import com.android.car.audio.CarAudioService;
import com.android.car.cluster.InstrumentClusterService;
import com.android.car.garagemode.GarageModeService;
import com.android.car.hal.InputHalService;
import com.android.car.hal.UserHalHelper;
import com.android.car.hal.UserHalService;
import com.android.car.hal.UserHalService.HalCallback;
import com.android.car.hal.VehicleHal;
import com.android.car.pm.CarPackageManagerService;
import com.android.car.stats.CarStatsService;
import com.android.car.systeminterface.SystemInterface;
import com.android.car.trust.CarTrustedDeviceService;
import com.android.car.user.CarUserNoticeService;
import com.android.car.user.CarUserService;
import com.android.car.user.UserMetrics;
import com.android.car.vms.VmsNewBrokerService;
import com.android.car.watchdog.CarWatchdogService;
import com.android.internal.annotations.GuardedBy;
import com.android.internal.annotations.VisibleForTesting;
import com.android.internal.car.ICarServiceHelper;
import com.android.internal.os.IResultReceiver;
import com.android.internal.util.ArrayUtils;

import java.io.FileDescriptor;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CountDownLatch;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;

public class ICarImpl extends ICar.Stub {

    public static final String INTERNAL_INPUT_SERVICE = "internal_input";
    public static final String INTERNAL_SYSTEM_ACTIVITY_MONITORING_SERVICE =
            "system_activity_monitoring";

    private final Context mContext;
    private final VehicleHal mHal;

    private final CarFeatureController mFeatureController;

    private final SystemInterface mSystemInterface;

    private final SystemActivityMonitoringService mSystemActivityMonitoringService;
    private final CarPowerManagementService mCarPowerManagementService;
    private final CarPackageManagerService mCarPackageManagerService;
    private final CarInputService mCarInputService;
    private final CarDrivingStateService mCarDrivingStateService;
    private final CarUxRestrictionsManagerService mCarUXRestrictionsService;
    private final OccupantAwarenessService mOccupantAwarenessService;
    private final CarAudioService mCarAudioService;
    private final CarProjectionService mCarProjectionService;
    private final CarPropertyService mCarPropertyService;
    private final CarNightService mCarNightService;
    private final AppFocusService mAppFocusService;
    private final FixedActivityService mFixedActivityService;
    private final GarageModeService mGarageModeService;
    private final InstrumentClusterService mInstrumentClusterService;
    private final CarLocationService mCarLocationService;
    private final SystemStateControllerService mSystemStateControllerService;
    private final CarBluetoothService mCarBluetoothService;
    private final PerUserCarServiceHelper mPerUserCarServiceHelper;
    private final CarDiagnosticService mCarDiagnosticService;
    private final CarStorageMonitoringService mCarStorageMonitoringService;
    private final CarConfigurationService mCarConfigurationService;
    private final CarTrustedDeviceService mCarTrustedDeviceService;
    private final CarMediaService mCarMediaService;
    private final CarUserManagerHelper mUserManagerHelper;
    private final CarUserService mCarUserService;
    private final CarOccupantZoneService mCarOccupantZoneService;
    private final CarUserNoticeService mCarUserNoticeService;
    private final VmsNewBrokerService mVmsBrokerService;
    private final CarBugreportManagerService mCarBugreportManagerService;
    private final CarStatsService mCarStatsService;
    private final CarExperimentalFeatureServiceController mCarExperimentalFeatureServiceController;
    private final CarWatchdogService mCarWatchdogService;

    private final CarServiceBase[] mAllServices;

    private static final String TAG = "ICarImpl";
    private static final String VHAL_TIMING_TAG = "VehicleHalTiming";

    private TimingsTraceLog mBootTiming;

    /** Test only service. Populate it only when necessary. */
    @GuardedBy("this")
    private CarTestService mCarTestService;

    @GuardedBy("this")
    private ICarServiceHelper mICarServiceHelper;

    private final String mVehicleInterfaceName;

    private final UserMetrics mUserMetrics = new UserMetrics();

    public ICarImpl(Context serviceContext, IVehicle vehicle, SystemInterface systemInterface,
            CanBusErrorNotifier errorNotifier, String vehicleInterfaceName) {
        this(serviceContext, vehicle, systemInterface, errorNotifier, vehicleInterfaceName,
                /* carUserService= */ null, /* carWatchdogService= */ null);
    }

    @VisibleForTesting
    ICarImpl(Context serviceContext, IVehicle vehicle, SystemInterface systemInterface,
            CanBusErrorNotifier errorNotifier, String vehicleInterfaceName,
            @Nullable CarUserService carUserService,
            @Nullable CarWatchdogService carWatchdogService) {
        mContext = serviceContext;
        mSystemInterface = systemInterface;
        mHal = new VehicleHal(serviceContext, vehicle);
        Resources res = mContext.getResources();
        String[] defaultEnabledFeatures = res.getStringArray(
                R.array.config_allowed_optional_car_features);
        // Do this before any other service components to allow feature check. It should work
        // even without init.
        // TODO (b/144504820) Add vhal plumbing
        mFeatureController = new CarFeatureController(serviceContext, defaultEnabledFeatures,
                /* disabledFeaturesFromVhal= */ new String[0], mSystemInterface.getSystemCarDir());
        CarLocalServices.addService(CarFeatureController.class, mFeatureController);
        mVehicleInterfaceName = vehicleInterfaceName;
        mUserManagerHelper = new CarUserManagerHelper(serviceContext);
        if (carUserService != null) {
            mCarUserService = carUserService;
        } else {
            UserManager userManager =
                    (UserManager) serviceContext.getSystemService(Context.USER_SERVICE);
            int maxRunningUsers = res.getInteger(
                    com.android.internal.R.integer.config_multiuserMaxRunningUsers);
            mCarUserService = new CarUserService(serviceContext, mHal.getUserHal(),
                    mUserManagerHelper, userManager, ActivityManager.getService(), maxRunningUsers);
        }
        mCarOccupantZoneService = new CarOccupantZoneService(serviceContext);
        mSystemActivityMonitoringService = new SystemActivityMonitoringService(serviceContext);
        mCarPowerManagementService = new CarPowerManagementService(mContext, mHal.getPowerHal(),
                systemInterface, mUserManagerHelper, mCarUserService);
        if (mFeatureController.isFeatureEnabled(CarFeatures.FEATURE_CAR_USER_NOTICE_SERVICE)) {
            mCarUserNoticeService = new CarUserNoticeService(serviceContext);
        } else {
            mCarUserNoticeService = null;
        }
        mCarPropertyService = new CarPropertyService(serviceContext, mHal.getPropertyHal());
        mCarDrivingStateService = new CarDrivingStateService(serviceContext, mCarPropertyService);
        mCarUXRestrictionsService = new CarUxRestrictionsManagerService(serviceContext,
                mCarDrivingStateService, mCarPropertyService);
        if (mFeatureController.isFeatureEnabled(Car.OCCUPANT_AWARENESS_SERVICE)) {
            mOccupantAwarenessService = new OccupantAwarenessService(serviceContext);
        } else {
            mOccupantAwarenessService = null;
        }
        mCarPackageManagerService = new CarPackageManagerService(serviceContext,
                mCarUXRestrictionsService,
                mSystemActivityMonitoringService,
                mCarUserService);
        mPerUserCarServiceHelper = new PerUserCarServiceHelper(serviceContext, mCarUserService);
        mCarBluetoothService = new CarBluetoothService(serviceContext, mPerUserCarServiceHelper);
        mCarInputService = new CarInputService(serviceContext, mHal.getInputHal());
        mCarProjectionService = new CarProjectionService(
                serviceContext, null /* handler */, mCarInputService, mCarBluetoothService);
        mGarageModeService = new GarageModeService(mContext);
        mAppFocusService = new AppFocusService(serviceContext, mSystemActivityMonitoringService);
        mCarAudioService = new CarAudioService(serviceContext);
        mCarNightService = new CarNightService(serviceContext, mCarPropertyService);
        mFixedActivityService = new FixedActivityService(serviceContext);
        mInstrumentClusterService = new InstrumentClusterService(serviceContext,
                mAppFocusService, mCarInputService);
        mSystemStateControllerService = new SystemStateControllerService(
                serviceContext, mCarAudioService, this);
        mCarStatsService = new CarStatsService(serviceContext);
        mCarStatsService.init();
        if (mFeatureController.isFeatureEnabled(Car.VEHICLE_MAP_SERVICE)
                || mFeatureController.isFeatureEnabled(Car.VMS_SUBSCRIBER_SERVICE)) {
            mVmsBrokerService = new VmsNewBrokerService(mContext, mCarStatsService);
        } else {
            mVmsBrokerService = null;
        }
        if (mFeatureController.isFeatureEnabled(Car.DIAGNOSTIC_SERVICE)) {
            mCarDiagnosticService = new CarDiagnosticService(serviceContext,
                    mHal.getDiagnosticHal());
        } else {
            mCarDiagnosticService = null;
        }
        if (mFeatureController.isFeatureEnabled(Car.STORAGE_MONITORING_SERVICE)) {
            mCarStorageMonitoringService = new CarStorageMonitoringService(serviceContext,
                    systemInterface);
        } else {
            mCarStorageMonitoringService = null;
        }
        mCarConfigurationService =
                new CarConfigurationService(serviceContext, new JsonReaderImpl());
        mCarLocationService = new CarLocationService(serviceContext);
        mCarTrustedDeviceService = new CarTrustedDeviceService(serviceContext);
        mCarMediaService = new CarMediaService(serviceContext, mCarUserService);
        mCarBugreportManagerService = new CarBugreportManagerService(serviceContext);
        if (!Build.IS_USER) {
            mCarExperimentalFeatureServiceController = new CarExperimentalFeatureServiceController(
                    serviceContext);
        } else {
            mCarExperimentalFeatureServiceController = null;
        }
        if (carWatchdogService == null) {
            mCarWatchdogService = new CarWatchdogService(serviceContext);
        } else {
            mCarWatchdogService = carWatchdogService;
        }

        CarLocalServices.addService(CarPowerManagementService.class, mCarPowerManagementService);
        CarLocalServices.addService(CarPropertyService.class, mCarPropertyService);
        CarLocalServices.addService(CarUserService.class, mCarUserService);
        CarLocalServices.addService(CarTrustedDeviceService.class, mCarTrustedDeviceService);
        CarLocalServices.addService(CarUserNoticeService.class, mCarUserNoticeService);
        CarLocalServices.addService(SystemInterface.class, mSystemInterface);
        CarLocalServices.addService(CarDrivingStateService.class, mCarDrivingStateService);
        CarLocalServices.addService(PerUserCarServiceHelper.class, mPerUserCarServiceHelper);
        CarLocalServices.addService(FixedActivityService.class, mFixedActivityService);
        CarLocalServices.addService(VmsNewBrokerService.class, mVmsBrokerService);
        CarLocalServices.addService(CarOccupantZoneService.class, mCarOccupantZoneService);

        // Be careful with order. Service depending on other service should be inited later.
        List<CarServiceBase> allServices = new ArrayList<>();
        allServices.add(mFeatureController);
        allServices.add(mCarUserService);
        allServices.add(mSystemActivityMonitoringService);
        allServices.add(mCarPowerManagementService);
        allServices.add(mCarPropertyService);
        allServices.add(mCarDrivingStateService);
        allServices.add(mCarOccupantZoneService);
        allServices.add(mCarUXRestrictionsService);
        addServiceIfNonNull(allServices, mOccupantAwarenessService);
        allServices.add(mCarPackageManagerService);
        allServices.add(mCarInputService);
        allServices.add(mGarageModeService);
        addServiceIfNonNull(allServices, mCarUserNoticeService);
        allServices.add(mAppFocusService);
        allServices.add(mCarAudioService);
        allServices.add(mCarNightService);
        allServices.add(mFixedActivityService);
        allServices.add(mInstrumentClusterService);
        allServices.add(mSystemStateControllerService);
        allServices.add(mPerUserCarServiceHelper);
        allServices.add(mCarBluetoothService);
        allServices.add(mCarProjectionService);
        addServiceIfNonNull(allServices, mCarDiagnosticService);
        addServiceIfNonNull(allServices, mCarStorageMonitoringService);
        allServices.add(mCarConfigurationService);
        addServiceIfNonNull(allServices, mVmsBrokerService);
        allServices.add(mCarTrustedDeviceService);
        allServices.add(mCarMediaService);
        allServices.add(mCarLocationService);
        allServices.add(mCarBugreportManagerService);
        allServices.add(mCarWatchdogService);
        // Always put mCarExperimentalFeatureServiceController in last.
        addServiceIfNonNull(allServices, mCarExperimentalFeatureServiceController);
        mAllServices = allServices.toArray(new CarServiceBase[allServices.size()]);
    }

    private void addServiceIfNonNull(List<CarServiceBase> services, CarServiceBase service) {
        if (service != null) {
            services.add(service);
        }
    }

    @MainThread
    void init() {
        mBootTiming = new TimingsTraceLog(VHAL_TIMING_TAG, Trace.TRACE_TAG_HAL);
        traceBegin("VehicleHal.init");
        mHal.init();
        traceEnd();
        traceBegin("CarService.initAllServices");
        for (CarServiceBase service : mAllServices) {
            service.init();
        }
        traceEnd();
    }

    void release() {
        // release done in opposite order from init
        for (int i = mAllServices.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
            mAllServices[i].release();
        }
        mHal.release();
    }

    void vehicleHalReconnected(IVehicle vehicle) {
        mHal.vehicleHalReconnected(vehicle);
        for (CarServiceBase service : mAllServices) {
            service.vehicleHalReconnected();
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void setCarServiceHelper(IBinder helper) {
        assertCallingFromSystemProcess();
        synchronized (this) {
            mICarServiceHelper = ICarServiceHelper.Stub.asInterface(helper);
            mSystemInterface.setCarServiceHelper(mICarServiceHelper);
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onUserLifecycleEvent(int eventType, long timestampMs, int fromUserId,
            int toUserId) {
        assertCallingFromSystemProcess();
        Log.i(TAG, "onUserLifecycleEvent(" + CarUserManager.lifecycleEventTypeToString(eventType)
                + ", " + toUserId + ")");
        mUserMetrics.onEvent(eventType, timestampMs, fromUserId, toUserId);
        if (eventType == CarUserManager.USER_LIFECYCLE_EVENT_TYPE_UNLOCKING) {
            setUserLockStatus(toUserId);
        } else if (eventType == CarUserManager.USER_LIFECYCLE_EVENT_TYPE_SWITCHING) {
            onSwitchUser(toUserId);
        }
    }

    private void setUserLockStatus(int userId) {
        mCarUserService.setUserLockStatus(userId, /* unlocked= */ true);
        mCarMediaService.setUserLockStatus(userId, /* unlocked= */ true);
    }

    private void onSwitchUser(int userId) {
        Log.i(TAG, "Foreground user switched to " + userId);
        mCarUserService.onSwitchUser(userId);
    }

    @Override
    public void onFirstUserUnlocked(int userId, long timestampMs, long duration) {
        mUserMetrics.logFirstUnlockedUser(userId, timestampMs, duration);
    }

    @Override
    public void getInitialUserInfo(int requestType, int timeoutMs, IBinder binder) {
        IResultReceiver receiver = IResultReceiver.Stub.asInterface(binder);
        mCarUserService.getInitialUserInfo(requestType, timeoutMs, receiver);
    }

    @Override
    public boolean isFeatureEnabled(String featureName) {
        return mFeatureController.isFeatureEnabled(featureName);
    }

    @Override
    public int enableFeature(String featureName) {
        // permission check inside the controller
        return mFeatureController.enableFeature(featureName);
    }

    @Override
    public int disableFeature(String featureName) {
        // permission check inside the controller
        return mFeatureController.disableFeature(featureName);
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> getAllEnabledFeatures() {
        // permission check inside the controller
        return mFeatureController.getAllEnabledFeatures();
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> getAllPendingDisabledFeatures() {
        // permission check inside the controller
        return mFeatureController.getAllPendingDisabledFeatures();
    }

    @Override
    public List<String> getAllPendingEnabledFeatures() {
        // permission check inside the controller
        return mFeatureController.getAllPendingEnabledFeatures();
    }

    @Override
    public String getCarManagerClassForFeature(String featureName) {
        if (mCarExperimentalFeatureServiceController == null) {
            return null;
        }
        return mCarExperimentalFeatureServiceController.getCarManagerClassForFeature(featureName);
    }

    static void assertCallingFromSystemProcess() {
        int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
        if (uid != Process.SYSTEM_UID) {
            throw new SecurityException("Only allowed from system");
        }
    }

    /**
     * Assert if binder call is coming from system process like system server or if it is called
     * from its own process even if it is not system. The latter can happen in test environment.
     * Note that car service runs as system user but test like car service test will not.
     */
    static void assertCallingFromSystemProcessOrSelf() {
        int uid = Binder.getCallingUid();
        int pid = Binder.getCallingPid();
        if (uid != Process.SYSTEM_UID && pid != Process.myPid()) {
            throw new SecurityException("Only allowed from system or self");
        }
    }

    @Override
    public IBinder getCarService(String serviceName) {
        if (!mFeatureController.isFeatureEnabled(serviceName)) {
            Log.w(CarLog.TAG_SERVICE, "getCarService for disabled service:" + serviceName);
            return null;
        }
        switch (serviceName) {
            case Car.AUDIO_SERVICE:
                return mCarAudioService;
            case Car.APP_FOCUS_SERVICE:
                return mAppFocusService;
            case Car.PACKAGE_SERVICE:
                return mCarPackageManagerService;
            case Car.DIAGNOSTIC_SERVICE:
                assertAnyDiagnosticPermission(mContext);
                return mCarDiagnosticService;
            case Car.POWER_SERVICE:
                assertPowerPermission(mContext);
                return mCarPowerManagementService;
            case Car.CABIN_SERVICE:
            case Car.HVAC_SERVICE:
            case Car.INFO_SERVICE:
            case Car.PROPERTY_SERVICE:
            case Car.SENSOR_SERVICE:
            case Car.VENDOR_EXTENSION_SERVICE:
                return mCarPropertyService;
            case Car.CAR_NAVIGATION_SERVICE:
                assertNavigationManagerPermission(mContext);
                IInstrumentClusterNavigation navService =
                        mInstrumentClusterService.getNavigationService();
                return navService == null ? null : navService.asBinder();
            case Car.CAR_INSTRUMENT_CLUSTER_SERVICE:
                assertClusterManagerPermission(mContext);
                return mInstrumentClusterService.getManagerService();
            case Car.PROJECTION_SERVICE:
                return mCarProjectionService;
            case Car.VEHICLE_MAP_SERVICE:
                assertAnyVmsPermission(mContext);
                return mVmsBrokerService;
            case Car.VMS_SUBSCRIBER_SERVICE:
                assertVmsSubscriberPermission(mContext);
                return mVmsBrokerService;
            case Car.TEST_SERVICE: {
                assertPermission(mContext, Car.PERMISSION_CAR_TEST_SERVICE);
                synchronized (this) {
                    if (mCarTestService == null) {
                        mCarTestService = new CarTestService(mContext, this);
                    }
                    return mCarTestService;
                }
            }
            case Car.BLUETOOTH_SERVICE:
                return mCarBluetoothService;
            case Car.STORAGE_MONITORING_SERVICE:
                assertPermission(mContext, Car.PERMISSION_STORAGE_MONITORING);
                return mCarStorageMonitoringService;
            case Car.CAR_DRIVING_STATE_SERVICE:
                assertDrivingStatePermission(mContext);
                return mCarDrivingStateService;
            case Car.CAR_UX_RESTRICTION_SERVICE:
                return mCarUXRestrictionsService;
            case Car.OCCUPANT_AWARENESS_SERVICE:
                return mOccupantAwarenessService;
            case Car.CAR_CONFIGURATION_SERVICE:
                return mCarConfigurationService;
            case Car.CAR_TRUST_AGENT_ENROLLMENT_SERVICE:
                assertTrustAgentEnrollmentPermission(mContext);
                return mCarTrustedDeviceService.getCarTrustAgentEnrollmentService();
            case Car.CAR_MEDIA_SERVICE:
                return mCarMediaService;
            case Car.CAR_OCCUPANT_ZONE_SERVICE:
                return mCarOccupantZoneService;
            case Car.CAR_BUGREPORT_SERVICE:
                return mCarBugreportManagerService;
            case Car.CAR_USER_SERVICE:
                return mCarUserService;
            case Car.CAR_WATCHDOG_SERVICE:
                return mCarWatchdogService;
            case Car.CAR_INPUT_SERVICE:
                return mCarInputService;
            default:
                IBinder service = null;
                if (mCarExperimentalFeatureServiceController != null) {
                    service = mCarExperimentalFeatureServiceController.getCarService(serviceName);
                }
                if (service == null) {
                    Log.w(CarLog.TAG_SERVICE, "getCarService for unknown service:"
                            + serviceName);
                }
                return service;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public int getCarConnectionType() {
        return Car.CONNECTION_TYPE_EMBEDDED;
    }

    public CarServiceBase getCarInternalService(String serviceName) {
        switch (serviceName) {
            case INTERNAL_INPUT_SERVICE:
                return mCarInputService;
            case INTERNAL_SYSTEM_ACTIVITY_MONITORING_SERVICE:
                return mSystemActivityMonitoringService;
            default:
                Log.w(CarLog.TAG_SERVICE, "getCarInternalService for unknown service:" +
                        serviceName);
                return null;
        }
    }

    public static void assertVehicleHalMockPermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_MOCK_VEHICLE_HAL);
    }

    public static void assertNavigationManagerPermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_CAR_NAVIGATION_MANAGER);
    }

    public static void assertClusterManagerPermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_CAR_INSTRUMENT_CLUSTER_CONTROL);
    }

    public static void assertPowerPermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_CAR_POWER);
    }

    public static void assertProjectionPermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_CAR_PROJECTION);
    }

    /** Verify the calling context has the {@link Car#PERMISSION_CAR_PROJECTION_STATUS} */
    public static void assertProjectionStatusPermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_CAR_PROJECTION_STATUS);
    }

    public static void assertAnyDiagnosticPermission(Context context) {
        assertAnyPermission(context,
                Car.PERMISSION_CAR_DIAGNOSTIC_READ_ALL,
                Car.PERMISSION_CAR_DIAGNOSTIC_CLEAR);
    }

    public static void assertDrivingStatePermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_CAR_DRIVING_STATE);
    }

    /**
     * Verify the calling context has either {@link Car#PERMISSION_VMS_SUBSCRIBER} or
     * {@link Car#PERMISSION_VMS_PUBLISHER}
     */
    public static void assertAnyVmsPermission(Context context) {
        assertAnyPermission(context,
                Car.PERMISSION_VMS_SUBSCRIBER,
                Car.PERMISSION_VMS_PUBLISHER);
    }

    public static void assertVmsPublisherPermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_VMS_PUBLISHER);
    }

    public static void assertVmsSubscriberPermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_VMS_SUBSCRIBER);
    }

    /**
     * Ensures the caller has the permission to enroll a Trust Agent.
     */
    public static void assertTrustAgentEnrollmentPermission(Context context) {
        assertPermission(context, Car.PERMISSION_CAR_ENROLL_TRUST);
    }

    public static void assertPermission(Context context, String permission) {
        if (context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            throw new SecurityException("requires " + permission);
        }
    }

    /**
     * Checks to see if the caller has a permission.
     *
     * @return boolean TRUE if caller has the permission.
     */
    public static boolean hasPermission(Context context, String permission) {
        return context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission)
                == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED;
    }

    public static void assertAnyPermission(Context context, String... permissions) {
        for (String permission : permissions) {
            if (context.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(permission)
                    == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                return;
            }
        }
        throw new SecurityException("requires any of " + Arrays.toString(permissions));
    }

    @Override
    protected void dump(FileDescriptor fd, PrintWriter writer, String[] args) {
        if (mContext.checkCallingOrSelfPermission(android.Manifest.permission.DUMP)
                != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
            writer.println("Permission Denial: can't dump CarService from from pid="
                    + Binder.getCallingPid() + ", uid=" + Binder.getCallingUid()
                    + " without permission " + android.Manifest.permission.DUMP);
            return;
        }

        if (args == null || args.length == 0 || (args.length > 0 && "-a".equals(args[0]))) {
            writer.println("*Dump car service*");
            dumpAllServices(writer);
            dumpAllHals(writer);
            mUserMetrics.dump(writer);
        } else if ("--list".equals(args[0])) {
            dumpListOfServices(writer);
            return;
        } else if ("--services".equals(args[0])) {
            if (args.length < 2) {
                writer.println("Must pass services to dump when using --services");
                return;
            }
            int length = args.length - 1;
            String[] services = new String[length];
            System.arraycopy(args, 1, services, 0, length);
            dumpIndividualServices(writer, services);
            return;
        } else if ("--metrics".equals(args[0])) {
            // Strip the --metrics flag when passing dumpsys arguments to CarStatsService
            // allowing for nested flag selection
            mCarStatsService.dump(fd, writer, Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 1, args.length));
        } else if ("--vms-hal".equals(args[0])) {
            mHal.getVmsHal().dumpMetrics(fd);
        } else if ("--hal".equals(args[0])) {
            if (args.length == 1) {
                dumpAllHals(writer);
                return;
            }
            int length = args.length - 1;
            String[] halNames = new String[length];
            System.arraycopy(args, 1, halNames, 0, length);
            mHal.dumpSpecificHals(writer, halNames);

        } else if ("--list-hals".equals(args[0])) {
            mHal.dumpListHals(writer);
            return;
        } else if ("--user-metrics".equals(args[0])) {
            mUserMetrics.dump(writer);
        } else if ("--first-user-metrics".equals(args[0])) {
            mUserMetrics.dumpFirstUserUnlockDuration(writer);
        } else if ("--help".equals(args[0])) {
            showDumpHelp(writer);
        } else if (Build.IS_USERDEBUG || Build.IS_ENG) {
            execShellCmd(args, writer);
        } else {
            writer.println("Commands not supported in " + Build.TYPE);
        }
    }

    private void dumpAllHals(PrintWriter writer) {
        writer.println("*Dump Vehicle HAL*");
        writer.println("Vehicle HAL Interface: " + mVehicleInterfaceName);
        try {
            // TODO dump all feature flags by creating a dumpable interface
            mHal.dump(writer);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            writer.println("Failed dumping: " + mHal.getClass().getName());
            e.printStackTrace(writer);
        }
    }

    private void showDumpHelp(PrintWriter writer) {
        writer.println("Car service dump usage:");
        writer.println("[NO ARG]");
        writer.println("\t  dumps everything (all services and HALs)");
        writer.println("--help");
        writer.println("\t  shows this help");
        writer.println("--list");
        writer.println("\t  lists the name of all services");
        writer.println("--list-hals");
        writer.println("\t  lists the name of all HALs");
        writer.println("--services <SVC1> [SVC2] [SVCN]");
        writer.println("\t  dumps just the specific services, where SVC is just the service class");
        writer.println("\t  name (like CarUserService)");
        writer.println("--vms-hal");
        writer.println("\t  dumps the VMS HAL metrics");
        writer.println("--hal [HAL1] [HAL2] [HALN]");
        writer.println("\t  dumps just the specified HALs (or all of them if none specified),");
        writer.println("\t  where HAL is just the class name (like UserHalService)");
        writer.println("--user-metrics");
        writer.println("\t  dumps user switching and stopping metrics ");
        writer.println("--first-user-metrics");
        writer.println("\t  dumps how long it took to unlock first user since Android started\n");
        writer.println("\t  (or -1 if not unlocked)");
        writer.println("-h");
        writer.println("\t  shows commands usage (NOTE: commands are not available on USER builds");
        writer.println("[ANYTHING ELSE]");
        writer.println("\t  runs the given command (use --h to see the available commands)");
    }

    @Override
    public void onShellCommand(FileDescriptor in, FileDescriptor out, FileDescriptor err,
            String[] args, ShellCallback callback, ResultReceiver resultReceiver)
                    throws RemoteException {
        new CarShellCommand().exec(this, in, out, err, args, callback, resultReceiver);
    }

    private void dumpListOfServices(PrintWriter writer) {
        for (CarServiceBase service : mAllServices) {
            writer.println(service.getClass().getName());
        }
    }

    private void dumpAllServices(PrintWriter writer) {
        writer.println("*Dump all services*");
        for (CarServiceBase service : mAllServices) {
            dumpService(service, writer);
        }
        if (mCarTestService != null) {
            dumpService(mCarTestService, writer);
        }
    }

    private void dumpIndividualServices(PrintWriter writer, String... serviceNames) {
        for (String serviceName : serviceNames) {
            writer.println("** Dumping " + serviceName + "\n");
            CarServiceBase service = getCarServiceBySubstring(serviceName);
            if (service == null) {
                writer.println("No such service!");
            } else {
                dumpService(service, writer);
            }
            writer.println();
        }
    }

    @Nullable
    private CarServiceBase getCarServiceBySubstring(String className) {
        return Arrays.asList(mAllServices).stream()
                .filter(s -> s.getClass().getSimpleName().equals(className))
                .findFirst().orElse(null);
    }

    private void dumpService(CarServiceBase service, PrintWriter writer) {
        try {
            service.dump(writer);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            writer.println("Failed dumping: " + service.getClass().getName());
            e.printStackTrace(writer);
        }
    }

    void execShellCmd(String[] args, PrintWriter writer) {
        new CarShellCommand().exec(args, writer);
    }

    @MainThread
    private void traceBegin(String name) {
        Slog.i(TAG, name);
        mBootTiming.traceBegin(name);
    }

    @MainThread
    private void traceEnd() {
        mBootTiming.traceEnd();
    }

    private final class CarShellCommand extends ShellCommand {
        private static final String COMMAND_HELP = "-h";
        private static final String COMMAND_DAY_NIGHT_MODE = "day-night-mode";
        private static final String COMMAND_INJECT_VHAL_EVENT = "inject-vhal-event";
        private static final String COMMAND_INJECT_ERROR_EVENT = "inject-error-event";
        private static final String COMMAND_ENABLE_UXR = "enable-uxr";
        private static final String COMMAND_GARAGE_MODE = "garage-mode";
        private static final String COMMAND_GET_DO_ACTIVITIES = "get-do-activities";
        private static final String COMMAND_GET_CARPROPERTYCONFIG = "get-carpropertyconfig";
        private static final String COMMAND_GET_PROPERTY_VALUE = "get-property-value";
        private static final String COMMAND_PROJECTION_AP_TETHERING = "projection-tethering";
        private static final String COMMAND_PROJECTION_UI_MODE = "projection-ui-mode";
        private static final String COMMAND_RESUME = "resume";
        private static final String COMMAND_SUSPEND = "suspend";
        private static final String COMMAND_ENABLE_TRUSTED_DEVICE = "enable-trusted-device";
        private static final String COMMAND_REMOVE_TRUSTED_DEVICES = "remove-trusted-devices";
        private static final String COMMAND_SET_UID_TO_ZONE = "set-zoneid-for-uid";
        private static final String COMMAND_START_FIXED_ACTIVITY_MODE = "start-fixed-activity-mode";
        private static final String COMMAND_STOP_FIXED_ACTIVITY_MODE = "stop-fixed-activity-mode";
        private static final String COMMAND_ENABLE_FEATURE = "enable-feature";
        private static final String COMMAND_DISABLE_FEATURE = "disable-feature";
        private static final String COMMAND_INJECT_KEY = "inject-key";
        private static final String COMMAND_GET_INITIAL_USER_INFO = "get-initial-user-info";

        private static final String PARAM_DAY_MODE = "day";
        private static final String PARAM_NIGHT_MODE = "night";
        private static final String PARAM_SENSOR_MODE = "sensor";
        private static final String PARAM_VEHICLE_PROPERTY_AREA_GLOBAL = "0";
        private static final String PARAM_ON_MODE = "on";
        private static final String PARAM_OFF_MODE = "off";
        private static final String PARAM_QUERY_MODE = "query";
        private static final String PARAM_REBOOT = "reboot";

        private static final int RESULT_OK = 0;
        private static final int RESULT_ERROR = -1; // Arbitrary value, any non-0 is fine


        @Override
        public int onCommand(String cmd) {
            if (cmd == null) {
                onHelp();
                return RESULT_ERROR;
            }
            ArrayList<String> argsList = new ArrayList<>();
            argsList.add(cmd);
            String arg = null;
            do {
                arg = getNextArg();
                if (arg != null) {
                    argsList.add(arg);
                }
            } while (arg != null);
            String[] args = new String[argsList.size()];
            argsList.toArray(args);
            return exec(args, getOutPrintWriter());
        }

        @Override
        public void onHelp() {
            dumpHelp(getOutPrintWriter());
        }

        private void dumpHelp(PrintWriter pw) {
            pw.println("Car service commands:");
            pw.println("\t-h");
            pw.println("\t  Print this help text.");
            pw.println("\tday-night-mode [day|night|sensor]");
            pw.println("\t  Force into day/night mode or restore to auto.");
            pw.println("\tinject-vhal-event property [zone] data(can be comma separated list)");
            pw.println("\t  Inject a vehicle property for testing.");
            pw.println("\tinject-error-event property zone errorCode");
            pw.println("\t  Inject an error event from VHAL for testing.");
            pw.println("\tenable-uxr true|false");
            pw.println("\t  Enable/Disable UX restrictions and App blocking.");
            pw.println("\tgarage-mode [on|off|query|reboot]");
            pw.println("\t  Force into or out of garage mode, or check status.");
            pw.println("\t  With 'reboot', enter garage mode, then reboot when it completes.");
            pw.println("\tget-do-activities pkgname");
            pw.println("\t  Get Distraction Optimized activities in given package.");
            pw.println("\tget-carpropertyconfig [propertyId]");
            pw.println("\t  Get a CarPropertyConfig by Id in Hex or list all CarPropertyConfigs");
            pw.println("\tget-property-value [propertyId] [areaId]");
            pw.println("\t  Get a vehicle property value by property id in Hex and areaId");
            pw.println("\t  or list all property values for all areaId");
            pw.println("\tsuspend");
            pw.println("\t  Suspend the system to Deep Sleep.");
            pw.println("\tresume");
            pw.println("\t  Wake the system up after a 'suspend.'");
            pw.println("\tenable-trusted-device true|false");
            pw.println("\t  Enable/Disable Trusted device feature.");
            pw.println("\tremove-trusted-devices");
            pw.println("\t  Remove all trusted devices for the current foreground user.");
            pw.println("\tprojection-tethering [true|false]");
            pw.println("\t  Whether tethering should be used when creating access point for"
                    + " wireless projection");
            pw.println("\t--metrics");
            pw.println("\t  When used with dumpsys, only metrics will be in the dumpsys output.");
            pw.println("\tset-zoneid-for-uid [zoneid] [uid]");
            pw.println("\t  Maps the audio zoneid to uid.");
            pw.println("\tstart-fixed-activity displayId packageName activityName");
            pw.println("\t  Start an Activity the specified display as fixed mode");
            pw.println("\tstop-fixed-mode displayId");
            pw.println("\t  Stop fixed Activity mode for the given display. "
                    + "The Activity will not be restarted upon crash.");
            pw.println("\tenable-feature featureName");
            pw.println("\t  Enable the requested feature. Change will happen after reboot.");
            pw.println("\t  This requires root/su.");
            pw.println("\tdisable-feature featureName");
            pw.println("\t  Disable the requested feature. Change will happen after reboot");
            pw.println("\t  This requires root/su.");
            pw.println("\tinject-key [-d display] [-t down_delay_ms] key_code");
            pw.println("\t  inject key down / up event to car service");
            pw.println("\t  display: 0 for main, 1 for cluster. If not specified, it will be 0.");
            pw.println("\t  down_delay_ms: delay from down to up key event. If not specified,");
            pw.println("\t                 it will be 0");
            pw.println("\t  key_code: int key code defined in android KeyEvent");
            pw.printf("\t%s <REQ_TYPE> [--timeout TIMEOUT_MS]\n", COMMAND_GET_INITIAL_USER_INFO);
            pw.println("\t  Calls the Vehicle HAL to get the initial boot info, passing the given");
            pw.println("\t  REQ_TYPE (which could be either FIRST_BOOT, FIRST_BOOT_AFTER_OTA, ");
            pw.println("\t  COLD_BOOT, RESUME, or any numeric value that would be passed 'as-is')");
            pw.println("\t  and an optional TIMEOUT_MS to wait for the HAL response (if not set,");
            pw.println("\t  it will use a  default value).");
        }

        private int dumpInvalidArguments(PrintWriter pw) {
            pw.println("Incorrect number of arguments.");
            dumpHelp(pw);
            return RESULT_ERROR;
        }

        private String runSetZoneIdForUid(String zoneString, String uidString) {
            int uid = Integer.parseInt(uidString);
            int zoneId = Integer.parseInt(zoneString);
            if (!ArrayUtils.contains(mCarAudioService.getAudioZoneIds(), zoneId)) {
                return  "zoneid " + zoneId + " not found";
            }
            mCarAudioService.setZoneIdForUid(zoneId, uid);
            return null;
        }

        public int exec(String[] args, PrintWriter writer) {
            String arg = args[0];
            switch (arg) {
                case COMMAND_HELP:
                    dumpHelp(writer);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_DAY_NIGHT_MODE: {
                    String value = args.length < 2 ? "" : args[1];
                    forceDayNightMode(value, writer);
                    break;
                }
                case COMMAND_GARAGE_MODE: {
                    String value = args.length < 2 ? "" : args[1];
                    forceGarageMode(value, writer);
                    break;
                }
                case COMMAND_INJECT_VHAL_EVENT:
                    String zone = PARAM_VEHICLE_PROPERTY_AREA_GLOBAL;
                    String data;
                    if (args.length != 3 && args.length != 4) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    } else if (args.length == 4) {
                        // Zoned
                        zone = args[2];
                        data = args[3];
                    } else {
                        // Global
                        data = args[2];
                    }
                    injectVhalEvent(args[1], zone, data, false, writer);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_INJECT_ERROR_EVENT:
                    if (args.length != 4) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    String errorAreaId = args[2];
                    String errorCode = args[3];
                    injectVhalEvent(args[1], errorAreaId, errorCode, true, writer);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_ENABLE_UXR:
                    if (args.length != 2) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    boolean enableBlocking = Boolean.valueOf(args[1]);
                    if (mCarPackageManagerService != null) {
                        mCarPackageManagerService.setEnableActivityBlocking(enableBlocking);
                    }
                    break;
                case COMMAND_GET_DO_ACTIVITIES:
                    if (args.length != 2) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    String pkgName = args[1].toLowerCase();
                    if (mCarPackageManagerService != null) {
                        String[] doActivities =
                                mCarPackageManagerService.getDistractionOptimizedActivities(
                                        pkgName);
                        if (doActivities != null) {
                            writer.println("DO Activities for " + pkgName);
                            for (String a : doActivities) {
                                writer.println(a);
                            }
                        } else {
                            writer.println("No DO Activities for " + pkgName);
                        }
                    }
                    break;
                case COMMAND_GET_CARPROPERTYCONFIG:
                    String propertyId = args.length < 2 ? "" : args[1];
                    mHal.dumpPropertyConfigs(writer, propertyId);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_GET_PROPERTY_VALUE:
                    String propId = args.length < 2 ? "" : args[1];
                    String areaId = args.length < 3 ? "" : args[2];
                    mHal.dumpPropertyValueByCommend(writer, propId, areaId);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_PROJECTION_UI_MODE:
                    if (args.length != 2) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    mCarProjectionService.setUiMode(Integer.valueOf(args[1]));
                    break;
                case COMMAND_PROJECTION_AP_TETHERING:
                    if (args.length != 2) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    mCarProjectionService.setAccessPointTethering(Boolean.valueOf(args[1]));
                    break;
                case COMMAND_RESUME:
                    mCarPowerManagementService.forceSimulatedResume();
                    writer.println("Resume: Simulating resuming from Deep Sleep");
                    break;
                case COMMAND_SUSPEND:
                    mCarPowerManagementService.forceSuspendAndMaybeReboot(false);
                    writer.println("Resume: Simulating powering down to Deep Sleep");
                    break;
                case COMMAND_ENABLE_TRUSTED_DEVICE:
                    if (args.length != 2) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    mCarTrustedDeviceService.getCarTrustAgentEnrollmentService()
                            .setTrustedDeviceEnrollmentEnabled(Boolean.valueOf(args[1]));
                    mCarTrustedDeviceService.getCarTrustAgentUnlockService()
                            .setTrustedDeviceUnlockEnabled(Boolean.valueOf(args[1]));
                    break;
                case COMMAND_REMOVE_TRUSTED_DEVICES:
                    mCarTrustedDeviceService.getCarTrustAgentEnrollmentService()
                            .removeAllTrustedDevices(ActivityManager.getCurrentUser());
                    break;
                case COMMAND_SET_UID_TO_ZONE:
                    if (args.length != 3) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    String results = runSetZoneIdForUid(args[1], args[2]);
                    if (results != null) {
                        writer.println(results);
                        dumpHelp(writer);
                    }
                    break;
                case COMMAND_START_FIXED_ACTIVITY_MODE:
                    handleStartFixedActivity(args, writer);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_STOP_FIXED_ACTIVITY_MODE:
                    handleStopFixedMode(args, writer);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_ENABLE_FEATURE:
                    if (args.length != 2) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    handleEnableDisableFeature(args, writer, /* enable= */ true);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_DISABLE_FEATURE:
                    if (args.length != 2) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    handleEnableDisableFeature(args, writer, /* enable= */ false);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_INJECT_KEY:
                    if (args.length < 2) {
                        return dumpInvalidArguments(writer);
                    }
                    handleInjectKey(args, writer);
                    break;
                case COMMAND_GET_INITIAL_USER_INFO:
                    handleGetInitialUserInfo(args, writer);
                    break;
                default:
                    writer.println("Unknown command: \"" + arg + "\"");
                    dumpHelp(writer);
                    return RESULT_ERROR;
            }
            return RESULT_OK;
        }

        private void handleStartFixedActivity(String[] args, PrintWriter writer) {
            if (args.length != 4) {
                writer.println("Incorrect number of arguments");
                dumpHelp(writer);
                return;
            }
            int displayId;
            try {
                displayId = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                writer.println("Wrong display id:" + args[1]);
                return;
            }
            String packageName = args[2];
            String activityName = args[3];
            Intent intent = new Intent();
            intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(packageName, activityName));
            intent.addFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK | Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_CLEAR_TASK);
            ActivityOptions options = ActivityOptions.makeBasic();
            options.setLaunchDisplayId(displayId);
            if (!mFixedActivityService.startFixedActivityModeForDisplayAndUser(intent, options,
                    displayId, ActivityManager.getCurrentUser())) {
                writer.println("Failed to start");
                return;
            }
            writer.println("Succeeded");
        }

        private void handleStopFixedMode(String[] args, PrintWriter writer) {
            if (args.length != 2) {
                writer.println("Incorrect number of arguments");
                dumpHelp(writer);
                return;
            }
            int displayId;
            try {
                displayId = Integer.parseInt(args[1]);
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                writer.println("Wrong display id:" + args[1]);
                return;
            }
            mFixedActivityService.stopFixedActivityMode(displayId);
        }

        private void handleEnableDisableFeature(String[] args, PrintWriter writer, boolean enable) {
            if (Binder.getCallingUid() != Process.ROOT_UID) {
                writer.println("Only allowed to root/su");
                return;
            }
            String featureName = args[1];
            long id = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
            // no permission check here
            int r;
            if (enable) {
                r = mFeatureController.enableFeature(featureName);
            } else {
                r = mFeatureController.disableFeature(featureName);
            }
            switch (r) {
                case Car.FEATURE_REQUEST_SUCCESS:
                    if (enable) {
                        writer.println("Enabled feature:" + featureName);
                    } else {
                        writer.println("Disabled feature:" + featureName);
                    }
                    break;
                case Car.FEATURE_REQUEST_ALREADY_IN_THE_STATE:
                    if (enable) {
                        writer.println("Already enabled:" + featureName);
                    } else {
                        writer.println("Already disabled:" + featureName);
                    }
                    break;
                case Car.FEATURE_REQUEST_MANDATORY:
                    writer.println("Cannot change mandatory feature:" + featureName);
                    break;
                case Car.FEATURE_REQUEST_NOT_EXISTING:
                    writer.println("Non-existing feature:" + featureName);
                    break;
                default:
                    writer.println("Unknown error:" + r);
                    break;
            }
            Binder.restoreCallingIdentity(id);
        }

        private void handleInjectKey(String[] args, PrintWriter writer) {
            int i = 1; // 0 is command itself
            int display = InputHalService.DISPLAY_MAIN;
            int delayMs = 0;
            int keyCode = KeyEvent.KEYCODE_UNKNOWN;
            try {
                while (i < args.length) {
                    switch (args[i]) {
                        case "-d":
                            i++;
                            display = Integer.parseInt(args[i]);
                            break;
                        case "-t":
                            i++;
                            delayMs = Integer.parseInt(args[i]);
                            break;
                        default:
                            if (keyCode != KeyEvent.KEYCODE_UNKNOWN) {
                                throw new IllegalArgumentException("key_code already set:"
                                        + keyCode);
                            }
                            keyCode = Integer.parseInt(args[i]);
                    }
                    i++;
                }
            } catch (Exception e) {
                writer.println("Invalid args:" + e);
                dumpHelp(writer);
                return;
            }
            if (keyCode == KeyEvent.KEYCODE_UNKNOWN) {
                writer.println("Missing key code or invalid keycode");
                dumpHelp(writer);
                return;
            }
            if (display != InputHalService.DISPLAY_MAIN
                    && display != InputHalService.DISPLAY_INSTRUMENT_CLUSTER) {
                writer.println("Invalid display:" + display);
                dumpHelp(writer);
                return;
            }
            if (delayMs < 0) {
                writer.println("Invalid delay:" + delayMs);
                dumpHelp(writer);
                return;
            }
            KeyEvent keyDown = new KeyEvent(KeyEvent.ACTION_DOWN, keyCode);
            mCarInputService.onKeyEvent(keyDown, display);
            SystemClock.sleep(delayMs);
            KeyEvent keyUp = new KeyEvent(KeyEvent.ACTION_UP, keyCode);
            mCarInputService.onKeyEvent(keyUp, display);
            writer.println("Succeeded");
        }

        private void handleGetInitialUserInfo(String[] args, PrintWriter writer) {
            if (args.length < 2) {
                writer.println("Insufficient number of args");
                return;
            }

            // Gets the request type
            String typeArg = args[1];
            int requestType = UserHalHelper.parseInitialUserInfoRequestType(typeArg);

            int timeout = 1_000;
            for (int i = 2; i < args.length; i++) {
                String arg = args[i];
                switch (arg) {
                    case "--timeout":
                        timeout = Integer.parseInt(args[++i]);
                        break;
                    default:
                        writer.println("Invalid option at index " + i + ": " + arg);
                        return;

                }
            }

            Log.d(TAG, "handleGetInitialUserInfo(): type=" + requestType + " (" + typeArg
                    + "), timeout=" + timeout);

            UserHalService userHal = mHal.getUserHal();
            // TODO(b/150413515): use UserHalHelper to populate it with current users
            UsersInfo usersInfo = new UsersInfo();
            CountDownLatch latch = new CountDownLatch(1);

            userHal.getInitialUserInfo(requestType, timeout, usersInfo, (status, resp) -> {
                try {
                    Log.d(TAG, "GetUserInfoResponse: status=" + status + ", resp=" + resp);
                    writer.printf("Status: %s\n", UserHalHelper.halCallbackStatusToString(status));
                    if (status != HalCallback.STATUS_OK) {
                        return;
                    }
                    writer.printf("Request id: %d\n", resp.requestId);
                    writer.printf("Action: ");
                    switch (resp.action) {
                        case InitialUserInfoResponseAction.DEFAULT:
                            writer.println("default");
                            break;
                        case InitialUserInfoResponseAction.SWITCH:
                            writer.printf("switch to user %d\n", resp.userToSwitchOrCreate.userId);
                            break;
                        case InitialUserInfoResponseAction.CREATE:
                            writer.printf("create user: name=%s, flags=%d\n", resp.userNameToCreate,
                                    resp.userToSwitchOrCreate.flags);
                            break;
                        default:
                            writer.printf("unknown (%d)\n", resp.action);
                            break;
                    }
                } finally {
                    latch.countDown();
                }
            });

            try {
                if (!latch.await(timeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)) {
                    writer.printf("HAL didn't respond in %dms\n", timeout);
                }
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
                writer.println("Interrupted waiting for HAL");
            }
            return;
        }

        private void forceDayNightMode(String arg, PrintWriter writer) {
            int mode;
            switch (arg) {
                case PARAM_DAY_MODE:
                    mode = CarNightService.FORCED_DAY_MODE;
                    break;
                case PARAM_NIGHT_MODE:
                    mode = CarNightService.FORCED_NIGHT_MODE;
                    break;
                case PARAM_SENSOR_MODE:
                    mode = CarNightService.FORCED_SENSOR_MODE;
                    break;
                default:
                    writer.println("Unknown value. Valid argument: " + PARAM_DAY_MODE + "|"
                            + PARAM_NIGHT_MODE + "|" + PARAM_SENSOR_MODE);
                    return;
            }
            int current = mCarNightService.forceDayNightMode(mode);
            String currentMode = null;
            switch (current) {
                case UiModeManager.MODE_NIGHT_AUTO:
                    currentMode = PARAM_SENSOR_MODE;
                    break;
                case UiModeManager.MODE_NIGHT_YES:
                    currentMode = PARAM_NIGHT_MODE;
                    break;
                case UiModeManager.MODE_NIGHT_NO:
                    currentMode = PARAM_DAY_MODE;
                    break;
            }
            writer.println("DayNightMode changed to: " + currentMode);
        }

        private void forceGarageMode(String arg, PrintWriter writer) {
            switch (arg) {
                case PARAM_ON_MODE:
                    mSystemInterface.setDisplayState(false);
                    mGarageModeService.forceStartGarageMode();
                    writer.println("Garage mode: " + mGarageModeService.isGarageModeActive());
                    break;
                case PARAM_OFF_MODE:
                    mSystemInterface.setDisplayState(true);
                    mGarageModeService.stopAndResetGarageMode();
                    writer.println("Garage mode: " + mGarageModeService.isGarageModeActive());
                    break;
                case PARAM_QUERY_MODE:
                    mGarageModeService.dump(writer);
                    break;
                case PARAM_REBOOT:
                    mCarPowerManagementService.forceSuspendAndMaybeReboot(true);
                    writer.println("Entering Garage Mode. Will reboot when it completes.");
                    break;
                default:
                    writer.println("Unknown value. Valid argument: " + PARAM_ON_MODE + "|"
                            + PARAM_OFF_MODE + "|" + PARAM_QUERY_MODE + "|" + PARAM_REBOOT);
            }
        }

        /**
         * Inject a fake  VHAL event
         *
         * @param property the Vehicle property Id as defined in the HAL
         * @param zone     Zone that this event services
         * @param isErrorEvent indicates the type of event
         * @param value    Data value of the event
         * @param writer   PrintWriter
         */
        private void injectVhalEvent(String property, String zone, String value,
                boolean isErrorEvent, PrintWriter writer) {
            if (zone != null && (zone.equalsIgnoreCase(PARAM_VEHICLE_PROPERTY_AREA_GLOBAL))) {
                if (!isPropertyAreaTypeGlobal(property)) {
                    writer.println("Property area type inconsistent with given zone");
                    return;
                }
            }
            try {
                if (isErrorEvent) {
                    mHal.injectOnPropertySetError(property, zone, value);
                } else {
                    mHal.injectVhalEvent(property, zone, value);
                }
            } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                writer.println("Invalid property Id zone Id or value" + e);
                dumpHelp(writer);
            }
        }

        // Check if the given property is global
        private boolean isPropertyAreaTypeGlobal(String property) {
            if (property == null) {
                return false;
            }
            return (Integer.decode(property) & VehicleArea.MASK) == VehicleArea.GLOBAL;
        }
    }
}