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gerrit-public.fairphone.software / fp2-dev / platform / external / llvm / 8f8c7b7c26fdbe4319172e6f6a0a54c5fd85d9f7 / . / docs / LangRef.html
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5 <title>LLVM Assembly Language Reference Manual</title>
Reid Spencer3921c742004-08-26 20:44:00 +0000[diff] [blame]6 <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
7 <meta name="author" content="Chris Lattner">
8 <meta name="description"
9 content="LLVM Assembly Language Reference Manual.">
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11</head>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]12
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]13<body>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]14
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]15<div class="doc_title"> LLVM Language Reference Manual </div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]16<ol>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]17 <li><a href="#abstract">Abstract</a></li>
18 <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
19 <li><a href="#identifiers">Identifiers</a></li>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]20 <li><a href="#highlevel">High Level Structure</a>
21 <ol>
22 <li><a href="#modulestructure">Module Structure</a></li>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]23 <li><a href="#linkage">Linkage Types</a></li>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]24 <li><a href="#callingconv">Calling Conventions</a></li>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]25 <li><a href="#globalvars">Global Variables</a></li>
Chris Lattner4e9aba72006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]26 <li><a href="#functionstructure">Functions</a></li>
Anton Korobeynikovc6c98af2007-04-29 18:02:48 +0000[diff] [blame]27 <li><a href="#aliasstructure">Aliases</a>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]28 <li><a href="#paramattrs">Parameter Attributes</a></li>
Gordon Henriksen80a75bf2007-12-10 03:18:06 +0000[diff] [blame]29 <li><a href="#gc">Garbage Collector Names</a></li>
Chris Lattner4e9aba72006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]30 <li><a href="#moduleasm">Module-Level Inline Assembly</a></li>
Reid Spencerde151942007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]31 <li><a href="#datalayout">Data Layout</a></li>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]32 </ol>
33 </li>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]34 <li><a href="#typesystem">Type System</a>
35 <ol>
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]36 <li><a href="#t_classifications">Type Classifications</a></li>
Robert Bocchino7b81c752006-02-17 21:18:08 +0000[diff] [blame]37 <li><a href="#t_primitive">Primitive Types</a>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]38 <ol>
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]39 <li><a href="#t_floating">Floating Point Types</a></li>
40 <li><a href="#t_void">Void Type</a></li>
41 <li><a href="#t_label">Label Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]42 </ol>
43 </li>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]44 <li><a href="#t_derived">Derived Types</a>
45 <ol>
Chris Lattnerb9488a62007-12-18 06:18:21 +0000[diff] [blame]46 <li><a href="#t_integer">Integer Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]47 <li><a href="#t_array">Array Type</a></li>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]48 <li><a href="#t_function">Function Type</a></li>
49 <li><a href="#t_pointer">Pointer Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]50 <li><a href="#t_struct">Structure Type</a></li>
Andrew Lenharth75e10682006-12-08 17:13:00 +0000[diff] [blame]51 <li><a href="#t_pstruct">Packed Structure Type</a></li>
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]52 <li><a href="#t_vector">Vector Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]53 <li><a href="#t_opaque">Opaque Type</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]54 </ol>
55 </li>
56 </ol>
57 </li>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]58 <li><a href="#constants">Constants</a>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]59 <ol>
60 <li><a href="#simpleconstants">Simple Constants</a>
61 <li><a href="#aggregateconstants">Aggregate Constants</a>
62 <li><a href="#globalconstants">Global Variable and Function Addresses</a>
63 <li><a href="#undefvalues">Undefined Values</a>
64 <li><a href="#constantexprs">Constant Expressions</a>
65 </ol>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]66 </li>
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]67 <li><a href="#othervalues">Other Values</a>
68 <ol>
69 <li><a href="#inlineasm">Inline Assembler Expressions</a>
70 </ol>
71 </li>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]72 <li><a href="#instref">Instruction Reference</a>
73 <ol>
74 <li><a href="#terminators">Terminator Instructions</a>
75 <ol>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]76 <li><a href="#i_ret">'<tt>ret</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
77 <li><a href="#i_br">'<tt>br</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]78 <li><a href="#i_switch">'<tt>switch</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
79 <li><a href="#i_invoke">'<tt>invoke</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]80 <li><a href="#i_unwind">'<tt>unwind</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]81 <li><a href="#i_unreachable">'<tt>unreachable</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]82 </ol>
83 </li>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]84 <li><a href="#binaryops">Binary Operations</a>
85 <ol>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]86 <li><a href="#i_add">'<tt>add</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
87 <li><a href="#i_sub">'<tt>sub</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
88 <li><a href="#i_mul">'<tt>mul</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]89 <li><a href="#i_udiv">'<tt>udiv</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
90 <li><a href="#i_sdiv">'<tt>sdiv</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
91 <li><a href="#i_fdiv">'<tt>fdiv</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]92 <li><a href="#i_urem">'<tt>urem</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
93 <li><a href="#i_srem">'<tt>srem</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
94 <li><a href="#i_frem">'<tt>frem</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]95 </ol>
96 </li>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]97 <li><a href="#bitwiseops">Bitwise Binary Operations</a>
98 <ol>
Reid Spencer8e11bf82007-02-02 13:57:07 +0000[diff] [blame]99 <li><a href="#i_shl">'<tt>shl</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
100 <li><a href="#i_lshr">'<tt>lshr</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
101 <li><a href="#i_ashr">'<tt>ashr</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]102 <li><a href="#i_and">'<tt>and</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]103 <li><a href="#i_or">'<tt>or</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]104 <li><a href="#i_xor">'<tt>xor</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]105 </ol>
106 </li>
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]107 <li><a href="#vectorops">Vector Operations</a>
108 <ol>
109 <li><a href="#i_extractelement">'<tt>extractelement</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
110 <li><a href="#i_insertelement">'<tt>insertelement</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
111 <li><a href="#i_shufflevector">'<tt>shufflevector</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]112 </ol>
113 </li>
Chris Lattner884a9702006-08-15 00:45:58 +0000[diff] [blame]114 <li><a href="#memoryops">Memory Access and Addressing Operations</a>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]115 <ol>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]116 <li><a href="#i_malloc">'<tt>malloc</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
117 <li><a href="#i_free">'<tt>free</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
118 <li><a href="#i_alloca">'<tt>alloca</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Robert Bocchino7b81c752006-02-17 21:18:08 +0000[diff] [blame]119 <li><a href="#i_load">'<tt>load</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
120 <li><a href="#i_store">'<tt>store</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
121 <li><a href="#i_getelementptr">'<tt>getelementptr</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]122 </ol>
123 </li>
Reid Spencer2fd21e62006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]124 <li><a href="#convertops">Conversion Operations</a>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]125 <ol>
126 <li><a href="#i_trunc">'<tt>trunc .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
127 <li><a href="#i_zext">'<tt>zext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
128 <li><a href="#i_sext">'<tt>sext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
129 <li><a href="#i_fptrunc">'<tt>fptrunc .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
130 <li><a href="#i_fpext">'<tt>fpext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]131 <li><a href="#i_fptoui">'<tt>fptoui .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
132 <li><a href="#i_fptosi">'<tt>fptosi .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
133 <li><a href="#i_uitofp">'<tt>uitofp .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
134 <li><a href="#i_sitofp">'<tt>sitofp .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer72679252006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]135 <li><a href="#i_ptrtoint">'<tt>ptrtoint .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
136 <li><a href="#i_inttoptr">'<tt>inttoptr .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]137 <li><a href="#i_bitcast">'<tt>bitcast .. to</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]138 </ol>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]139 <li><a href="#otherops">Other Operations</a>
140 <ol>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]141 <li><a href="#i_icmp">'<tt>icmp</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
142 <li><a href="#i_fcmp">'<tt>fcmp</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]143 <li><a href="#i_phi">'<tt>phi</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]144 <li><a href="#i_select">'<tt>select</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]145 <li><a href="#i_call">'<tt>call</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattnerfb6977d2006-01-13 23:26:01 +0000[diff] [blame]146 <li><a href="#i_va_arg">'<tt>va_arg</tt>' Instruction</a></li>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]147 </ol>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]148 </li>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]149 </ol>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]150 </li>
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]151 <li><a href="#intrinsics">Intrinsic Functions</a>
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]152 <ol>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]153 <li><a href="#int_varargs">Variable Argument Handling Intrinsics</a>
154 <ol>
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]155 <li><a href="#int_va_start">'<tt>llvm.va_start</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
156 <li><a href="#int_va_end">'<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
157 <li><a href="#int_va_copy">'<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]158 </ol>
159 </li>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]160 <li><a href="#int_gc">Accurate Garbage Collection Intrinsics</a>
161 <ol>
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]162 <li><a href="#int_gcroot">'<tt>llvm.gcroot</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
163 <li><a href="#int_gcread">'<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
164 <li><a href="#int_gcwrite">'<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]165 </ol>
166 </li>
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]167 <li><a href="#int_codegen">Code Generator Intrinsics</a>
168 <ol>
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]169 <li><a href="#int_returnaddress">'<tt>llvm.returnaddress</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
170 <li><a href="#int_frameaddress">'<tt>llvm.frameaddress</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
171 <li><a href="#int_stacksave">'<tt>llvm.stacksave</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
172 <li><a href="#int_stackrestore">'<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
173 <li><a href="#int_prefetch">'<tt>llvm.prefetch</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
174 <li><a href="#int_pcmarker">'<tt>llvm.pcmarker</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
175 <li><a href="#int_readcyclecounter"><tt>llvm.readcyclecounter</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
John Criswell7123e272004-04-09 16:43:20 +0000[diff] [blame]176 </ol>
177 </li>
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]178 <li><a href="#int_libc">Standard C Library Intrinsics</a>
179 <ol>
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]180 <li><a href="#int_memcpy">'<tt>llvm.memcpy.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
181 <li><a href="#int_memmove">'<tt>llvm.memmove.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
182 <li><a href="#int_memset">'<tt>llvm.memset.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
183 <li><a href="#int_sqrt">'<tt>llvm.sqrt.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
184 <li><a href="#int_powi">'<tt>llvm.powi.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Dan Gohman91c284c2007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]185 <li><a href="#int_sin">'<tt>llvm.sin.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
186 <li><a href="#int_cos">'<tt>llvm.cos.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
187 <li><a href="#int_pow">'<tt>llvm.pow.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]188 </ol>
189 </li>
Nate Begeman7e36c472006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]190 <li><a href="#int_manip">Bit Manipulation Intrinsics</a>
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]191 <ol>
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]192 <li><a href="#int_bswap">'<tt>llvm.bswap.*</tt>' Intrinsics</a></li>
Chris Lattner8a886be2006-01-16 22:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame]193 <li><a href="#int_ctpop">'<tt>llvm.ctpop.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
194 <li><a href="#int_ctlz">'<tt>llvm.ctlz.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
195 <li><a href="#int_cttz">'<tt>llvm.cttz.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
Reid Spencerf86037f2007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]196 <li><a href="#int_part_select">'<tt>llvm.part.select.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
197 <li><a href="#int_part_set">'<tt>llvm.part.set.*</tt>' Intrinsic </a></li>
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]198 </ol>
199 </li>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]200 <li><a href="#int_debugger">Debugger intrinsics</a></li>
Jim Laskeydd4ef1b2007-03-14 19:31:19 +0000[diff] [blame]201 <li><a href="#int_eh">Exception Handling intrinsics</a></li>
Duncan Sandsf7331b32007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]202 <li><a href="#int_trampoline">Trampoline Intrinsic</a>
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]203 <ol>
204 <li><a href="#int_it">'<tt>llvm.init.trampoline</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]205 </ol>
206 </li>
Reid Spencer20677642007-07-20 19:59:11 +0000[diff] [blame]207 <li><a href="#int_general">General intrinsics</a>
Tanya Lattner6d806e92007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]208 <ol>
Reid Spencer20677642007-07-20 19:59:11 +0000[diff] [blame]209 <li><a href="#int_var_annotation">
Tanya Lattner91d0b882007-09-22 00:01:26 +0000[diff] [blame]210 <tt>llvm.var.annotation</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Reid Spencer20677642007-07-20 19:59:11 +0000[diff] [blame]211 </ol>
Tanya Lattnerb6367882007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]212 <ol>
213 <li><a href="#int_annotation">
Tanya Lattner91d0b882007-09-22 00:01:26 +0000[diff] [blame]214 <tt>llvm.annotation.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a></li>
Tanya Lattnerb6367882007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]215 </ol>
Tanya Lattner6d806e92007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]216 </li>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]217 </ol>
218 </li>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]219</ol>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]220
221<div class="doc_author">
222 <p>Written by <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a>
223 and <a href="mailto:vadve@cs.uiuc.edu">Vikram Adve</a></p>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]224</div>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]225
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]226<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]227<div class="doc_section"> <a name="abstract">Abstract </a></div>
228<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]229
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]230<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]231<p>This document is a reference manual for the LLVM assembly language.
232LLVM is an SSA based representation that provides type safety,
233low-level operations, flexibility, and the capability of representing
234'all' high-level languages cleanly. It is the common code
235representation used throughout all phases of the LLVM compilation
236strategy.</p>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]237</div>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]238
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]239<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]240<div class="doc_section"> <a name="introduction">Introduction</a> </div>
241<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]242
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]243<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]244
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]245<p>The LLVM code representation is designed to be used in three
Gabor Greif04367bf2007-07-06 22:07:22 +0000[diff] [blame]246different forms: as an in-memory compiler IR, as an on-disk bitcode
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]247representation (suitable for fast loading by a Just-In-Time compiler),
248and as a human readable assembly language representation. This allows
249LLVM to provide a powerful intermediate representation for efficient
250compiler transformations and analysis, while providing a natural means
251to debug and visualize the transformations. The three different forms
252of LLVM are all equivalent. This document describes the human readable
253representation and notation.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]254
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]255<p>The LLVM representation aims to be light-weight and low-level
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]256while being expressive, typed, and extensible at the same time. It
257aims to be a "universal IR" of sorts, by being at a low enough level
258that high-level ideas may be cleanly mapped to it (similar to how
259microprocessors are "universal IR's", allowing many source languages to
260be mapped to them). By providing type information, LLVM can be used as
261the target of optimizations: for example, through pointer analysis, it
262can be proven that a C automatic variable is never accessed outside of
263the current function... allowing it to be promoted to a simple SSA
264value instead of a memory location.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]265
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]266</div>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]267
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]268<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]269<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="wellformed">Well-Formedness</a> </div>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]270
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]271<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]272
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]273<p>It is important to note that this document describes 'well formed'
274LLVM assembly language. There is a difference between what the parser
275accepts and what is considered 'well formed'. For example, the
276following instruction is syntactically okay, but not well formed:</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]277
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]278<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]279<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]280%x = <a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 1, %x
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]281</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]282</div>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]283
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]284<p>...because the definition of <tt>%x</tt> does not dominate all of
285its uses. The LLVM infrastructure provides a verification pass that may
286be used to verify that an LLVM module is well formed. This pass is
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]287automatically run by the parser after parsing input assembly and by
Gabor Greif04367bf2007-07-06 22:07:22 +0000[diff] [blame]288the optimizer before it outputs bitcode. The violations pointed out
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]289by the verifier pass indicate bugs in transformation passes or input to
290the parser.</p>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]291</div>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]292
Chris Lattnercc689392007-10-03 17:34:29 +0000[diff] [blame]293<!-- Describe the typesetting conventions here. -->
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]294
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]295<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]296<div class="doc_section"> <a name="identifiers">Identifiers</a> </div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]297<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]298
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]299<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]300
Reid Spencer2c452282007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]301 <p>LLVM identifiers come in two basic types: global and local. Global
302 identifiers (functions, global variables) begin with the @ character. Local
303 identifiers (register names, types) begin with the % character. Additionally,
304 there are three different formats for identifiers, for different purposes:
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]305
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]306<ol>
Reid Spencer2c452282007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]307 <li>Named values are represented as a string of characters with their prefix.
308 For example, %foo, @DivisionByZero, %a.really.long.identifier. The actual
309 regular expression used is '<tt>[%@][a-zA-Z$._][a-zA-Z$._0-9]*</tt>'.
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]310 Identifiers which require other characters in their names can be surrounded
Reid Spencer2c452282007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]311 with quotes. In this way, anything except a <tt>&quot;</tt> character can
312 be used in a named value.</li>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]313
Reid Spencer2c452282007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]314 <li>Unnamed values are represented as an unsigned numeric value with their
315 prefix. For example, %12, @2, %44.</li>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]316
Reid Spencercc16dc32004-12-09 18:02:53 +0000[diff] [blame]317 <li>Constants, which are described in a <a href="#constants">section about
318 constants</a>, below.</li>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]319</ol>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]320
Reid Spencer2c452282007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]321<p>LLVM requires that values start with a prefix for two reasons: Compilers
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]322don't need to worry about name clashes with reserved words, and the set of
323reserved words may be expanded in the future without penalty. Additionally,
324unnamed identifiers allow a compiler to quickly come up with a temporary
325variable without having to avoid symbol table conflicts.</p>
326
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]327<p>Reserved words in LLVM are very similar to reserved words in other
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]328languages. There are keywords for different opcodes
329('<tt><a href="#i_add">add</a></tt>',
330 '<tt><a href="#i_bitcast">bitcast</a></tt>',
331 '<tt><a href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt>', etc...), for primitive type names ('<tt><a
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]332href="#t_void">void</a></tt>', '<tt><a href="#t_primitive">i32</a></tt>', etc...),
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]333and others. These reserved words cannot conflict with variable names, because
Reid Spencer2c452282007-08-07 14:34:28 +0000[diff] [blame]334none of them start with a prefix character ('%' or '@').</p>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]335
336<p>Here is an example of LLVM code to multiply the integer variable
337'<tt>%X</tt>' by 8:</p>
338
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]339<p>The easy way:</p>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]340
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]341<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]342<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]343%result = <a href="#i_mul">mul</a> i32 %X, 8
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]344</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]345</div>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]346
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]347<p>After strength reduction:</p>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]348
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]349<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]350<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]351%result = <a href="#i_shl">shl</a> i32 %X, i8 3
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]352</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]353</div>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]354
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]355<p>And the hard way:</p>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]356
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]357<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]358<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]359<a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 %X, %X <i>; yields {i32}:%0</i>
360<a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 %0, %0 <i>; yields {i32}:%1</i>
361%result = <a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 %1, %1
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]362</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]363</div>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]364
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]365<p>This last way of multiplying <tt>%X</tt> by 8 illustrates several
366important lexical features of LLVM:</p>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]367
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]368<ol>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]369
370 <li>Comments are delimited with a '<tt>;</tt>' and go until the end of
371 line.</li>
372
373 <li>Unnamed temporaries are created when the result of a computation is not
374 assigned to a named value.</li>
375
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]376 <li>Unnamed temporaries are numbered sequentially</li>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]377
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]378</ol>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]379
John Criswelle4c57cc2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]380<p>...and it also shows a convention that we follow in this document. When
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]381demonstrating instructions, we will follow an instruction with a comment that
382defines the type and name of value produced. Comments are shown in italic
383text.</p>
384
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]385</div>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]386
387<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
388<div class="doc_section"> <a name="highlevel">High Level Structure</a> </div>
389<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
390
391<!-- ======================================================================= -->
392<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="modulestructure">Module Structure</a>
393</div>
394
395<div class="doc_text">
396
397<p>LLVM programs are composed of "Module"s, each of which is a
398translation unit of the input programs. Each module consists of
399functions, global variables, and symbol table entries. Modules may be
400combined together with the LLVM linker, which merges function (and
401global variable) definitions, resolves forward declarations, and merges
402symbol table entries. Here is an example of the "hello world" module:</p>
403
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]404<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]405<pre><i>; Declare the string constant as a global constant...</i>
Chris Lattnera89e5f12007-06-12 17:00:26 +0000[diff] [blame]406<a href="#identifiers">@.LC0</a> = <a href="#linkage_internal">internal</a> <a
407 href="#globalvars">constant</a> <a href="#t_array">[13 x i8]</a> c"hello world\0A\00" <i>; [13 x i8]*</i>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]408
409<i>; External declaration of the puts function</i>
Chris Lattnera89e5f12007-06-12 17:00:26 +0000[diff] [blame]410<a href="#functionstructure">declare</a> i32 @puts(i8 *) <i>; i32(i8 *)* </i>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]411
412<i>; Definition of main function</i>
Chris Lattnera89e5f12007-06-12 17:00:26 +0000[diff] [blame]413define i32 @main() { <i>; i32()* </i>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]414 <i>; Convert [13x i8 ]* to i8 *...</i>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]415 %cast210 = <a
Chris Lattner6c0955b2007-06-12 17:01:15 +0000[diff] [blame]416 href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a> [13 x i8 ]* @.LC0, i64 0, i64 0 <i>; i8 *</i>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]417
418 <i>; Call puts function to write out the string to stdout...</i>
419 <a
Chris Lattnera89e5f12007-06-12 17:00:26 +0000[diff] [blame]420 href="#i_call">call</a> i32 @puts(i8 * %cast210) <i>; i32</i>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]421 <a
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]422 href="#i_ret">ret</a> i32 0<br>}<br>
423</pre>
424</div>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]425
426<p>This example is made up of a <a href="#globalvars">global variable</a>
427named "<tt>.LC0</tt>", an external declaration of the "<tt>puts</tt>"
428function, and a <a href="#functionstructure">function definition</a>
429for "<tt>main</tt>".</p>
430
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]431<p>In general, a module is made up of a list of global values,
432where both functions and global variables are global values. Global values are
433represented by a pointer to a memory location (in this case, a pointer to an
434array of char, and a pointer to a function), and have one of the following <a
435href="#linkage">linkage types</a>.</p>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]436
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]437</div>
438
439<!-- ======================================================================= -->
440<div class="doc_subsection">
441 <a name="linkage">Linkage Types</a>
442</div>
443
444<div class="doc_text">
445
446<p>
447All Global Variables and Functions have one of the following types of linkage:
448</p>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]449
450<dl>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]451
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]452 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_internal">internal</a></b></tt> </dt>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]453
454 <dd>Global values with internal linkage are only directly accessible by
455 objects in the current module. In particular, linking code into a module with
456 an internal global value may cause the internal to be renamed as necessary to
457 avoid collisions. Because the symbol is internal to the module, all
458 references can be updated. This corresponds to the notion of the
Chris Lattner4887bd82007-01-14 06:51:48 +0000[diff] [blame]459 '<tt>static</tt>' keyword in C.
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]460 </dd>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]461
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]462 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_linkonce">linkonce</a></b></tt>: </dt>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]463
Chris Lattner4887bd82007-01-14 06:51:48 +0000[diff] [blame]464 <dd>Globals with "<tt>linkonce</tt>" linkage are merged with other globals of
465 the same name when linkage occurs. This is typically used to implement
466 inline functions, templates, or other code which must be generated in each
467 translation unit that uses it. Unreferenced <tt>linkonce</tt> globals are
468 allowed to be discarded.
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]469 </dd>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]470
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]471 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_weak">weak</a></b></tt>: </dt>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]472
473 <dd>"<tt>weak</tt>" linkage is exactly the same as <tt>linkonce</tt> linkage,
474 except that unreferenced <tt>weak</tt> globals may not be discarded. This is
Chris Lattner4887bd82007-01-14 06:51:48 +0000[diff] [blame]475 used for globals that may be emitted in multiple translation units, but that
476 are not guaranteed to be emitted into every translation unit that uses them.
477 One example of this are common globals in C, such as "<tt>int X;</tt>" at
478 global scope.
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]479 </dd>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]480
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]481 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_appending">appending</a></b></tt>: </dt>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]482
483 <dd>"<tt>appending</tt>" linkage may only be applied to global variables of
484 pointer to array type. When two global variables with appending linkage are
485 linked together, the two global arrays are appended together. This is the
486 LLVM, typesafe, equivalent of having the system linker append together
487 "sections" with identical names when .o files are linked.
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]488 </dd>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]489
Anton Korobeynikov7f705592007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]490 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_externweak">extern_weak</a></b></tt>: </dt>
491 <dd>The semantics of this linkage follow the ELF model: the symbol is weak
492 until linked, if not linked, the symbol becomes null instead of being an
493 undefined reference.
494 </dd>
Anton Korobeynikov7f705592007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]495
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]496 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_external">externally visible</a></b></tt>:</dt>
Chris Lattnere5d947b2004-12-09 16:36:40 +0000[diff] [blame]497
498 <dd>If none of the above identifiers are used, the global is externally
499 visible, meaning that it participates in linkage and can be used to resolve
500 external symbol references.
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]501 </dd>
Reid Spencerc8910842007-04-11 23:49:50 +0000[diff] [blame]502</dl>
Anton Korobeynikovb74ed072006-09-14 18:23:27 +0000[diff] [blame]503
Anton Korobeynikovb74ed072006-09-14 18:23:27 +0000[diff] [blame]504 <p>
505 The next two types of linkage are targeted for Microsoft Windows platform
506 only. They are designed to support importing (exporting) symbols from (to)
507 DLLs.
508 </p>
509
Anton Korobeynikov7f705592007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]510 <dl>
Anton Korobeynikovb74ed072006-09-14 18:23:27 +0000[diff] [blame]511 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_dllimport">dllimport</a></b></tt>: </dt>
512
513 <dd>"<tt>dllimport</tt>" linkage causes the compiler to reference a function
514 or variable via a global pointer to a pointer that is set up by the DLL
515 exporting the symbol. On Microsoft Windows targets, the pointer name is
516 formed by combining <code>_imp__</code> and the function or variable name.
517 </dd>
518
519 <dt><tt><b><a name="linkage_dllexport">dllexport</a></b></tt>: </dt>
520
521 <dd>"<tt>dllexport</tt>" linkage causes the compiler to provide a global
522 pointer to a pointer in a DLL, so that it can be referenced with the
523 <tt>dllimport</tt> attribute. On Microsoft Windows targets, the pointer
524 name is formed by combining <code>_imp__</code> and the function or variable
525 name.
526 </dd>
527
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]528</dl>
529
Anton Korobeynikov7f705592007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]530<p><a name="linkage_external"></a>For example, since the "<tt>.LC0</tt>"
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]531variable is defined to be internal, if another module defined a "<tt>.LC0</tt>"
532variable and was linked with this one, one of the two would be renamed,
533preventing a collision. Since "<tt>main</tt>" and "<tt>puts</tt>" are
534external (i.e., lacking any linkage declarations), they are accessible
Reid Spencerac8d2762007-01-05 00:59:10 +0000[diff] [blame]535outside of the current module.</p>
536<p>It is illegal for a function <i>declaration</i>
537to have any linkage type other than "externally visible", <tt>dllimport</tt>,
Anton Korobeynikov7f705592007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]538or <tt>extern_weak</tt>.</p>
Anton Korobeynikov8b0a8c82007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]539<p>Aliases can have only <tt>external</tt>, <tt>internal</tt> and <tt>weak</tt>
540linkages.
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]541</div>
542
543<!-- ======================================================================= -->
544<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]545 <a name="callingconv">Calling Conventions</a>
546</div>
547
548<div class="doc_text">
549
550<p>LLVM <a href="#functionstructure">functions</a>, <a href="#i_call">calls</a>
551and <a href="#i_invoke">invokes</a> can all have an optional calling convention
552specified for the call. The calling convention of any pair of dynamic
553caller/callee must match, or the behavior of the program is undefined. The
554following calling conventions are supported by LLVM, and more may be added in
555the future:</p>
556
557<dl>
558 <dt><b>"<tt>ccc</tt>" - The C calling convention</b>:</dt>
559
560 <dd>This calling convention (the default if no other calling convention is
561 specified) matches the target C calling conventions. This calling convention
John Criswelle4c57cc2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]562 supports varargs function calls and tolerates some mismatch in the declared
Reid Spencerc28d2bc2006-12-31 21:30:18 +0000[diff] [blame]563 prototype and implemented declaration of the function (as does normal C).
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]564 </dd>
565
566 <dt><b>"<tt>fastcc</tt>" - The fast calling convention</b>:</dt>
567
568 <dd>This calling convention attempts to make calls as fast as possible
569 (e.g. by passing things in registers). This calling convention allows the
570 target to use whatever tricks it wants to produce fast code for the target,
Chris Lattner8cdc5bc2005-05-06 23:08:23 +0000[diff] [blame]571 without having to conform to an externally specified ABI. Implementations of
572 this convention should allow arbitrary tail call optimization to be supported.
573 This calling convention does not support varargs and requires the prototype of
574 all callees to exactly match the prototype of the function definition.
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]575 </dd>
576
577 <dt><b>"<tt>coldcc</tt>" - The cold calling convention</b>:</dt>
578
579 <dd>This calling convention attempts to make code in the caller as efficient
580 as possible under the assumption that the call is not commonly executed. As
581 such, these calls often preserve all registers so that the call does not break
582 any live ranges in the caller side. This calling convention does not support
583 varargs and requires the prototype of all callees to exactly match the
584 prototype of the function definition.
585 </dd>
586
Chris Lattnercfe6b372005-05-07 01:46:40 +0000[diff] [blame]587 <dt><b>"<tt>cc &lt;<em>n</em>&gt;</tt>" - Numbered convention</b>:</dt>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]588
589 <dd>Any calling convention may be specified by number, allowing
590 target-specific calling conventions to be used. Target specific calling
591 conventions start at 64.
592 </dd>
Chris Lattnercfe6b372005-05-07 01:46:40 +0000[diff] [blame]593</dl>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]594
595<p>More calling conventions can be added/defined on an as-needed basis, to
596support pascal conventions or any other well-known target-independent
597convention.</p>
598
599</div>
600
601<!-- ======================================================================= -->
602<div class="doc_subsection">
Anton Korobeynikov8cea37b2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]603 <a name="visibility">Visibility Styles</a>
604</div>
605
606<div class="doc_text">
607
608<p>
609All Global Variables and Functions have one of the following visibility styles:
610</p>
611
612<dl>
613 <dt><b>"<tt>default</tt>" - Default style</b>:</dt>
614
615 <dd>On ELF, default visibility means that the declaration is visible to other
616 modules and, in shared libraries, means that the declared entity may be
617 overridden. On Darwin, default visibility means that the declaration is
618 visible to other modules. Default visibility corresponds to "external
619 linkage" in the language.
620 </dd>
621
622 <dt><b>"<tt>hidden</tt>" - Hidden style</b>:</dt>
623
624 <dd>Two declarations of an object with hidden visibility refer to the same
625 object if they are in the same shared object. Usually, hidden visibility
626 indicates that the symbol will not be placed into the dynamic symbol table,
627 so no other module (executable or shared library) can reference it
628 directly.
629 </dd>
630
Anton Korobeynikov6f9896f2007-04-29 18:35:00 +0000[diff] [blame]631 <dt><b>"<tt>protected</tt>" - Protected style</b>:</dt>
632
633 <dd>On ELF, protected visibility indicates that the symbol will be placed in
634 the dynamic symbol table, but that references within the defining module will
635 bind to the local symbol. That is, the symbol cannot be overridden by another
636 module.
637 </dd>
Anton Korobeynikov8cea37b2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]638</dl>
639
640</div>
641
642<!-- ======================================================================= -->
643<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]644 <a name="globalvars">Global Variables</a>
645</div>
646
647<div class="doc_text">
648
Chris Lattner3689a342005-02-12 19:30:21 +0000[diff] [blame]649<p>Global variables define regions of memory allocated at compilation time
Chris Lattner88f6c462005-11-12 00:45:07 +0000[diff] [blame]650instead of run-time. Global variables may optionally be initialized, may have
Anton Korobeynikov8b0a8c82007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]651an explicit section to be placed in, and may have an optional explicit alignment
652specified. A variable may be defined as "thread_local", which means that it
653will not be shared by threads (each thread will have a separated copy of the
654variable). A variable may be defined as a global "constant," which indicates
655that the contents of the variable will <b>never</b> be modified (enabling better
Chris Lattner3689a342005-02-12 19:30:21 +0000[diff] [blame]656optimization, allowing the global data to be placed in the read-only section of
657an executable, etc). Note that variables that need runtime initialization
John Criswell0ec250c2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]658cannot be marked "constant" as there is a store to the variable.</p>
Chris Lattner3689a342005-02-12 19:30:21 +0000[diff] [blame]659
660<p>
661LLVM explicitly allows <em>declarations</em> of global variables to be marked
662constant, even if the final definition of the global is not. This capability
663can be used to enable slightly better optimization of the program, but requires
664the language definition to guarantee that optimizations based on the
665'constantness' are valid for the translation units that do not include the
666definition.
667</p>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]668
669<p>As SSA values, global variables define pointer values that are in
670scope (i.e. they dominate) all basic blocks in the program. Global
671variables always define a pointer to their "content" type because they
672describe a region of memory, and all memory objects in LLVM are
673accessed through pointers.</p>
674
Christopher Lamb284d9922007-12-11 09:31:00 +0000[diff] [blame]675<p>A global variable may be declared to reside in a target-specifc numbered
676address space. For targets that support them, address spaces may affect how
677optimizations are performed and/or what target instructions are used to access
Christopher Lambd49e18d2007-12-12 08:44:39 +0000[diff] [blame]678the variable. The default address space is zero. The address space qualifier
679must precede any other attributes.</p>
Christopher Lamb284d9922007-12-11 09:31:00 +0000[diff] [blame]680
Chris Lattner88f6c462005-11-12 00:45:07 +0000[diff] [blame]681<p>LLVM allows an explicit section to be specified for globals. If the target
682supports it, it will emit globals to the section specified.</p>
683
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]684<p>An explicit alignment may be specified for a global. If not present, or if
685the alignment is set to zero, the alignment of the global is set by the target
686to whatever it feels convenient. If an explicit alignment is specified, the
687global is forced to have at least that much alignment. All alignments must be
688a power of 2.</p>
689
Christopher Lamb284d9922007-12-11 09:31:00 +0000[diff] [blame]690<p>For example, the following defines a global in a numbered address space with
691an initializer, section, and alignment:</p>
Chris Lattner68027ea2007-01-14 00:27:09 +0000[diff] [blame]692
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]693<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner68027ea2007-01-14 00:27:09 +0000[diff] [blame]694<pre>
Christopher Lamb284d9922007-12-11 09:31:00 +0000[diff] [blame]695@G = constant float 1.0 addrspace(5), section "foo", align 4
Chris Lattner68027ea2007-01-14 00:27:09 +0000[diff] [blame]696</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]697</div>
Chris Lattner68027ea2007-01-14 00:27:09 +0000[diff] [blame]698
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]699</div>
700
701
702<!-- ======================================================================= -->
703<div class="doc_subsection">
704 <a name="functionstructure">Functions</a>
705</div>
706
707<div class="doc_text">
708
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]709<p>LLVM function definitions consist of the "<tt>define</tt>" keyord,
710an optional <a href="#linkage">linkage type</a>, an optional
Anton Korobeynikov8cea37b2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]711<a href="#visibility">visibility style</a>, an optional
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]712<a href="#callingconv">calling convention</a>, a return type, an optional
713<a href="#paramattrs">parameter attribute</a> for the return type, a function
714name, a (possibly empty) argument list (each with optional
Anton Korobeynikov8cea37b2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]715<a href="#paramattrs">parameter attributes</a>), an optional section, an
Gordon Henriksene754abe2007-12-10 03:30:21 +0000[diff] [blame]716optional alignment, an optional <a href="#gc">garbage collector name</a>, an
Gordon Henriksen80a75bf2007-12-10 03:18:06 +0000[diff] [blame]717opening curly brace, a list of basic blocks, and a closing curly brace.
Anton Korobeynikov8cea37b2007-01-23 12:35:46 +0000[diff] [blame]718
719LLVM function declarations consist of the "<tt>declare</tt>" keyword, an
720optional <a href="#linkage">linkage type</a>, an optional
721<a href="#visibility">visibility style</a>, an optional
722<a href="#callingconv">calling convention</a>, a return type, an optional
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]723<a href="#paramattrs">parameter attribute</a> for the return type, a function
Gordon Henriksen80a75bf2007-12-10 03:18:06 +0000[diff] [blame]724name, a possibly empty list of arguments, an optional alignment, and an optional
Gordon Henriksene754abe2007-12-10 03:30:21 +0000[diff] [blame]725<a href="#gc">garbage collector name</a>.</p>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]726
727<p>A function definition contains a list of basic blocks, forming the CFG for
728the function. Each basic block may optionally start with a label (giving the
729basic block a symbol table entry), contains a list of instructions, and ends
730with a <a href="#terminators">terminator</a> instruction (such as a branch or
731function return).</p>
732
Chris Lattner4a3c9012007-06-08 16:52:14 +0000[diff] [blame]733<p>The first basic block in a function is special in two ways: it is immediately
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]734executed on entrance to the function, and it is not allowed to have predecessor
735basic blocks (i.e. there can not be any branches to the entry block of a
736function). Because the block can have no predecessors, it also cannot have any
737<a href="#i_phi">PHI nodes</a>.</p>
738
Chris Lattner88f6c462005-11-12 00:45:07 +0000[diff] [blame]739<p>LLVM allows an explicit section to be specified for functions. If the target
740supports it, it will emit functions to the section specified.</p>
741
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]742<p>An explicit alignment may be specified for a function. If not present, or if
743the alignment is set to zero, the alignment of the function is set by the target
744to whatever it feels convenient. If an explicit alignment is specified, the
745function is forced to have at least that much alignment. All alignments must be
746a power of 2.</p>
747
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]748</div>
749
Anton Korobeynikov8b0a8c82007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]750
751<!-- ======================================================================= -->
752<div class="doc_subsection">
753 <a name="aliasstructure">Aliases</a>
754</div>
755<div class="doc_text">
756 <p>Aliases act as "second name" for the aliasee value (which can be either
Anton Korobeynikova80e1182007-04-28 13:45:00 +0000[diff] [blame]757 function or global variable or bitcast of global value). Aliases may have an
Anton Korobeynikov8b0a8c82007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]758 optional <a href="#linkage">linkage type</a>, and an
759 optional <a href="#visibility">visibility style</a>.</p>
760
761 <h5>Syntax:</h5>
762
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]763<div class="doc_code">
Bill Wendlingaac388b2007-05-29 09:42:13 +0000[diff] [blame]764<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]765@&lt;Name&gt; = [Linkage] [Visibility] alias &lt;AliaseeTy&gt; @&lt;Aliasee&gt;
Bill Wendlingaac388b2007-05-29 09:42:13 +0000[diff] [blame]766</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]767</div>
Anton Korobeynikov8b0a8c82007-04-25 14:27:10 +0000[diff] [blame]768
769</div>
770
771
772
Chris Lattner4e9aba72006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]773<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]774<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="paramattrs">Parameter Attributes</a></div>
775<div class="doc_text">
776 <p>The return type and each parameter of a function type may have a set of
777 <i>parameter attributes</i> associated with them. Parameter attributes are
778 used to communicate additional information about the result or parameters of
Duncan Sandsdc024672007-11-27 13:23:08 +0000[diff] [blame]779 a function. Parameter attributes are considered to be part of the function,
780 not of the function type, so functions with different parameter attributes
781 can have the same function type.</p>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]782
Reid Spencer950e9f82007-01-15 18:27:39 +0000[diff] [blame]783 <p>Parameter attributes are simple keywords that follow the type specified. If
784 multiple parameter attributes are needed, they are space separated. For
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]785 example:</p>
786
787<div class="doc_code">
788<pre>
Duncan Sandsdc024672007-11-27 13:23:08 +0000[diff] [blame]789declare i32 @printf(i8* noalias , ...) nounwind
790declare i32 @atoi(i8*) nounwind readonly
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]791</pre>
792</div>
793
Duncan Sandsdc024672007-11-27 13:23:08 +0000[diff] [blame]794 <p>Note that any attributes for the function result (<tt>nounwind</tt>,
795 <tt>readonly</tt>) come immediately after the argument list.</p>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]796
Anton Korobeynikov7f705592007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]797 <p>Currently, only the following parameter attributes are defined:</p>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]798 <dl>
Reid Spencer9445e9a2007-07-19 23:13:04 +0000[diff] [blame]799 <dt><tt>zeroext</tt></dt>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]800 <dd>This indicates that the parameter should be zero extended just before
801 a call to this function.</dd>
Reid Spencer9445e9a2007-07-19 23:13:04 +0000[diff] [blame]802 <dt><tt>signext</tt></dt>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]803 <dd>This indicates that the parameter should be sign extended just before
804 a call to this function.</dd>
Anton Korobeynikov34d6dea2007-01-28 14:30:45 +0000[diff] [blame]805 <dt><tt>inreg</tt></dt>
806 <dd>This indicates that the parameter should be placed in register (if
Anton Korobeynikov66a8c8c2007-01-28 15:27:21 +0000[diff] [blame]807 possible) during assembling function call. Support for this attribute is
808 target-specific</dd>
Anton Korobeynikov34d6dea2007-01-28 14:30:45 +0000[diff] [blame]809 <dt><tt>sret</tt></dt>
Anton Korobeynikov66a8c8c2007-01-28 15:27:21 +0000[diff] [blame]810 <dd>This indicates that the parameter specifies the address of a structure
Reid Spencer67606122007-03-22 02:02:11 +0000[diff] [blame]811 that is the return value of the function in the source program.</dd>
Zhou Shengfebca342007-06-05 05:28:26 +0000[diff] [blame]812 <dt><tt>noalias</tt></dt>
813 <dd>This indicates that the parameter not alias any other object or any
814 other "noalias" objects during the function call.
Reid Spencer2dc52012007-03-22 02:18:56 +0000[diff] [blame]815 <dt><tt>noreturn</tt></dt>
816 <dd>This function attribute indicates that the function never returns. This
817 indicates to LLVM that every call to this function should be treated as if
818 an <tt>unreachable</tt> instruction immediately followed the call.</dd>
Reid Spencer67606122007-03-22 02:02:11 +0000[diff] [blame]819 <dt><tt>nounwind</tt></dt>
820 <dd>This function attribute indicates that the function type does not use
821 the unwind instruction and does not allow stack unwinding to propagate
822 through it.</dd>
Duncan Sands50f19f52007-07-27 19:57:41 +0000[diff] [blame]823 <dt><tt>nest</tt></dt>
824 <dd>This indicates that the parameter can be excised using the
825 <a href="#int_trampoline">trampoline intrinsics</a>.</dd>
Duncan Sandsed4a2f12007-11-22 20:23:04 +0000[diff] [blame]826 <dt><tt>readonly</tt></dt>
Duncan Sandsf04d5842007-11-14 21:14:02 +0000[diff] [blame]827 <dd>This function attribute indicates that the function has no side-effects
Duncan Sandsed4a2f12007-11-22 20:23:04 +0000[diff] [blame]828 except for producing a return value or throwing an exception. The value
829 returned must only depend on the function arguments and/or global variables.
830 It may use values obtained by dereferencing pointers.</dd>
831 <dt><tt>readnone</tt></dt>
832 <dd>A <tt>readnone</tt> function has the same restrictions as a <tt>readonly</tt>
Duncan Sandsf04d5842007-11-14 21:14:02 +0000[diff] [blame]833 function, but in addition it is not allowed to dereference any pointer arguments
834 or global variables.
Anton Korobeynikov7f705592007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]835 </dl>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]836
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]837</div>
838
839<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner4e9aba72006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]840<div class="doc_subsection">
Gordon Henriksen80a75bf2007-12-10 03:18:06 +0000[diff] [blame]841 <a name="gc">Garbage Collector Names</a>
842</div>
843
844<div class="doc_text">
845<p>Each function may specify a garbage collector name, which is simply a
846string.</p>
847
848<div class="doc_code"><pre
849>define void @f() gc "name" { ...</pre></div>
850
851<p>The compiler declares the supported values of <i>name</i>. Specifying a
852collector which will cause the compiler to alter its output in order to support
853the named garbage collection algorithm.</p>
854</div>
855
856<!-- ======================================================================= -->
857<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner1eeeb0c2006-04-08 04:40:53 +0000[diff] [blame]858 <a name="moduleasm">Module-Level Inline Assembly</a>
Chris Lattner4e9aba72006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]859</div>
860
861<div class="doc_text">
862<p>
863Modules may contain "module-level inline asm" blocks, which corresponds to the
864GCC "file scope inline asm" blocks. These blocks are internally concatenated by
865LLVM and treated as a single unit, but may be separated in the .ll file if
866desired. The syntax is very simple:
867</p>
868
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]869<div class="doc_code">
870<pre>
871module asm "inline asm code goes here"
872module asm "more can go here"
873</pre>
874</div>
Chris Lattner4e9aba72006-01-23 23:23:47 +0000[diff] [blame]875
876<p>The strings can contain any character by escaping non-printable characters.
877 The escape sequence used is simply "\xx" where "xx" is the two digit hex code
878 for the number.
879</p>
880
881<p>
882 The inline asm code is simply printed to the machine code .s file when
883 assembly code is generated.
884</p>
885</div>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]886
Reid Spencerde151942007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]887<!-- ======================================================================= -->
888<div class="doc_subsection">
889 <a name="datalayout">Data Layout</a>
890</div>
891
892<div class="doc_text">
893<p>A module may specify a target specific data layout string that specifies how
Reid Spencerc8910842007-04-11 23:49:50 +0000[diff] [blame]894data is to be laid out in memory. The syntax for the data layout is simply:</p>
895<pre> target datalayout = "<i>layout specification</i>"</pre>
896<p>The <i>layout specification</i> consists of a list of specifications
897separated by the minus sign character ('-'). Each specification starts with a
898letter and may include other information after the letter to define some
899aspect of the data layout. The specifications accepted are as follows: </p>
Reid Spencerde151942007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]900<dl>
901 <dt><tt>E</tt></dt>
902 <dd>Specifies that the target lays out data in big-endian form. That is, the
903 bits with the most significance have the lowest address location.</dd>
904 <dt><tt>e</tt></dt>
905 <dd>Specifies that hte target lays out data in little-endian form. That is,
906 the bits with the least significance have the lowest address location.</dd>
907 <dt><tt>p:<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
908 <dd>This specifies the <i>size</i> of a pointer and its <i>abi</i> and
909 <i>preferred</i> alignments. All sizes are in bits. Specifying the <i>pref</i>
910 alignment is optional. If omitted, the preceding <tt>:</tt> should be omitted
911 too.</dd>
912 <dt><tt>i<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
913 <dd>This specifies the alignment for an integer type of a given bit
914 <i>size</i>. The value of <i>size</i> must be in the range [1,2^23).</dd>
915 <dt><tt>v<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
916 <dd>This specifies the alignment for a vector type of a given bit
917 <i>size</i>.</dd>
918 <dt><tt>f<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
919 <dd>This specifies the alignment for a floating point type of a given bit
920 <i>size</i>. The value of <i>size</i> must be either 32 (float) or 64
921 (double).</dd>
922 <dt><tt>a<i>size</i>:<i>abi</i>:<i>pref</i></tt></dt>
923 <dd>This specifies the alignment for an aggregate type of a given bit
924 <i>size</i>.</dd>
925</dl>
926<p>When constructing the data layout for a given target, LLVM starts with a
927default set of specifications which are then (possibly) overriden by the
928specifications in the <tt>datalayout</tt> keyword. The default specifications
929are given in this list:</p>
930<ul>
931 <li><tt>E</tt> - big endian</li>
932 <li><tt>p:32:64:64</tt> - 32-bit pointers with 64-bit alignment</li>
933 <li><tt>i1:8:8</tt> - i1 is 8-bit (byte) aligned</li>
934 <li><tt>i8:8:8</tt> - i8 is 8-bit (byte) aligned</li>
935 <li><tt>i16:16:16</tt> - i16 is 16-bit aligned</li>
936 <li><tt>i32:32:32</tt> - i32 is 32-bit aligned</li>
937 <li><tt>i64:32:64</tt> - i64 has abi alignment of 32-bits but preferred
938 alignment of 64-bits</li>
939 <li><tt>f32:32:32</tt> - float is 32-bit aligned</li>
940 <li><tt>f64:64:64</tt> - double is 64-bit aligned</li>
941 <li><tt>v64:64:64</tt> - 64-bit vector is 64-bit aligned</li>
942 <li><tt>v128:128:128</tt> - 128-bit vector is 128-bit aligned</li>
943 <li><tt>a0:0:1</tt> - aggregates are 8-bit aligned</li>
944</ul>
945<p>When llvm is determining the alignment for a given type, it uses the
946following rules:
947<ol>
948 <li>If the type sought is an exact match for one of the specifications, that
949 specification is used.</li>
950 <li>If no match is found, and the type sought is an integer type, then the
951 smallest integer type that is larger than the bitwidth of the sought type is
952 used. If none of the specifications are larger than the bitwidth then the the
953 largest integer type is used. For example, given the default specifications
954 above, the i7 type will use the alignment of i8 (next largest) while both
955 i65 and i256 will use the alignment of i64 (largest specified).</li>
956 <li>If no match is found, and the type sought is a vector type, then the
957 largest vector type that is smaller than the sought vector type will be used
958 as a fall back. This happens because <128 x double> can be implemented in
959 terms of 64 <2 x double>, for example.</li>
960</ol>
961</div>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]962
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]963<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]964<div class="doc_section"> <a name="typesystem">Type System</a> </div>
965<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]966
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]967<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]968
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]969<p>The LLVM type system is one of the most important features of the
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]970intermediate representation. Being typed enables a number of
971optimizations to be performed on the IR directly, without having to do
972extra analyses on the side before the transformation. A strong type
973system makes it easier to read the generated code and enables novel
974analyses and transformations that are not feasible to perform on normal
975three address code representations.</p>
Chris Lattnerfa730212004-12-09 16:11:40 +0000[diff] [blame]976
977</div>
978
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]979<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]980<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="t_classifications">Type
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]981Classifications</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]982<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]983<p>The types fall into a few useful
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]984classifications:</p>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]985
986<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]987 <tbody>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]988 <tr><th>Classification</th><th>Types</th></tr>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]989 <tr>
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]990 <td><a href="#t_integer">integer</a></td>
Reid Spencer2b916312007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]991 <td><tt>i1, i2, i3, ... i8, ... i16, ... i32, ... i64, ... </tt></td>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]992 </tr>
993 <tr>
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]994 <td><a href="#t_floating">floating point</a></td>
995 <td><tt>float, double, x86_fp80, fp128, ppc_fp128</tt></td>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]996 </tr>
997 <tr>
998 <td><a name="t_firstclass">first class</a></td>
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]999 <td><a href="#t_integer">integer</a>,
1000 <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>,
1001 <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a>,
1002 <a href="#t_vector">vector</a>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1003 </td>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1004 </tr>
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1005 <tr>
1006 <td><a href="#t_primitive">primitive</a></td>
1007 <td><a href="#t_label">label</a>,
1008 <a href="#t_void">void</a>,
1009 <a href="#t_integer">integer</a>,
1010 <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>.</td>
1011 </tr>
1012 <tr>
1013 <td><a href="#t_derived">derived</a></td>
1014 <td><a href="#t_integer">integer</a>,
1015 <a href="#t_array">array</a>,
1016 <a href="#t_function">function</a>,
1017 <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a>,
1018 <a href="#t_struct">structure</a>,
1019 <a href="#t_pstruct">packed structure</a>,
1020 <a href="#t_vector">vector</a>,
1021 <a href="#t_opaque">opaque</a>.
1022 </tr>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1023 </tbody>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1024</table>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1025
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1026<p>The <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> types are perhaps the
1027most important. Values of these types are the only ones which can be
1028produced by instructions, passed as arguments, or used as operands to
1029instructions. This means that all structures and arrays must be
1030manipulated either by pointer or by component.</p>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1031</div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1032
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1033<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1034<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="t_primitive">Primitive Types</a> </div>
Chris Lattner8f8c7b72008-01-04 04:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame^]1035
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1036<div class="doc_text">
1037<p>The primitive types are the fundamental building blocks of the LLVM
1038system.</p>
1039
Chris Lattner8f8c7b72008-01-04 04:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame^]1040</div>
1041
Chris Lattner4f69f462008-01-04 04:32:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1042<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1043<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_floating">Floating Point Types</a> </div>
1044
1045<div class="doc_text">
1046 <table>
1047 <tbody>
1048 <tr><th>Type</th><th>Description</th></tr>
1049 <tr><td><tt>float</tt></td><td>32-bit floating point value</td></tr>
1050 <tr><td><tt>double</tt></td><td>64-bit floating point value</td></tr>
1051 <tr><td><tt>fp128</tt></td><td>128-bit floating point value (112-bit mantissa)</td></tr>
1052 <tr><td><tt>x86_fp80</tt></td><td>80-bit floating point value (X87)</td></tr>
1053 <tr><td><tt>ppc_fp128</tt></td><td>128-bit floating point value (two 64-bits)</td></tr>
1054 </tbody>
1055 </table>
1056</div>
1057
1058<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1059<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_void">Void Type</a> </div>
1060
1061<div class="doc_text">
1062<h5>Overview:</h5>
1063<p>The void type does not represent any value and has no size.</p>
1064
1065<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1066
1067<pre>
1068 void
1069</pre>
1070</div>
1071
1072<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1073<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_label">Label Type</a> </div>
1074
1075<div class="doc_text">
1076<h5>Overview:</h5>
1077<p>The label type represents code labels.</p>
1078
1079<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1080
1081<pre>
1082 label
1083</pre>
1084</div>
1085
1086
1087<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1088<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="t_derived">Derived Types</a> </div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1089
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1090<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1091
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1092<p>The real power in LLVM comes from the derived types in the system.
1093This is what allows a programmer to represent arrays, functions,
1094pointers, and other useful types. Note that these derived types may be
1095recursive: For example, it is possible to have a two dimensional array.</p>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1096
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1097</div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1098
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1099<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer2b916312007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1100<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_integer">Integer Type</a> </div>
1101
1102<div class="doc_text">
1103
1104<h5>Overview:</h5>
1105<p>The integer type is a very simple derived type that simply specifies an
1106arbitrary bit width for the integer type desired. Any bit width from 1 bit to
11072^23-1 (about 8 million) can be specified.</p>
1108
1109<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1110
1111<pre>
1112 iN
1113</pre>
1114
1115<p>The number of bits the integer will occupy is specified by the <tt>N</tt>
1116value.</p>
1117
1118<h5>Examples:</h5>
1119<table class="layout">
Chris Lattnerb9488a62007-12-18 06:18:21 +0000[diff] [blame]1120 <tbody>
1121 <tr>
1122 <td><tt>i1</tt></td>
1123 <td>a single-bit integer.</td>
1124 </tr><tr>
1125 <td><tt>i32</tt></td>
1126 <td>a 32-bit integer.</td>
1127 </tr><tr>
1128 <td><tt>i1942652</tt></td>
1129 <td>a really big integer of over 1 million bits.</td>
Reid Spencer2b916312007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1130 </tr>
Chris Lattnerb9488a62007-12-18 06:18:21 +0000[diff] [blame]1131 </tbody>
Reid Spencer2b916312007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1132</table>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1133</div>
Reid Spencer2b916312007-05-16 18:44:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1134
1135<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1136<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_array">Array Type</a> </div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1137
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1138<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1139
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1140<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1141
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1142<p>The array type is a very simple derived type that arranges elements
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1143sequentially in memory. The array type requires a size (number of
1144elements) and an underlying data type.</p>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1145
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1146<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1147
1148<pre>
1149 [&lt;# elements&gt; x &lt;elementtype&gt;]
1150</pre>
1151
John Criswelle4c57cc2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]1152<p>The number of elements is a constant integer value; elementtype may
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1153be any type with a size.</p>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1154
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1155<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1156<table class="layout">
1157 <tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner23ff1f92007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1158 <td class="left"><tt>[40 x i32]</tt></td>
1159 <td class="left">Array of 40 32-bit integer values.</td>
1160 </tr>
1161 <tr class="layout">
1162 <td class="left"><tt>[41 x i32]</tt></td>
1163 <td class="left">Array of 41 32-bit integer values.</td>
1164 </tr>
1165 <tr class="layout">
1166 <td class="left"><tt>[4 x i8]</tt></td>
1167 <td class="left">Array of 4 8-bit integer values.</td>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1168 </tr>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1169</table>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1170<p>Here are some examples of multidimensional arrays:</p>
1171<table class="layout">
1172 <tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner23ff1f92007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1173 <td class="left"><tt>[3 x [4 x i32]]</tt></td>
1174 <td class="left">3x4 array of 32-bit integer values.</td>
1175 </tr>
1176 <tr class="layout">
1177 <td class="left"><tt>[12 x [10 x float]]</tt></td>
1178 <td class="left">12x10 array of single precision floating point values.</td>
1179 </tr>
1180 <tr class="layout">
1181 <td class="left"><tt>[2 x [3 x [4 x i16]]]</tt></td>
1182 <td class="left">2x3x4 array of 16-bit integer values.</td>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1183 </tr>
1184</table>
Chris Lattnere67a9512005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1185
John Criswell0ec250c2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]1186<p>Note that 'variable sized arrays' can be implemented in LLVM with a zero
1187length array. Normally, accesses past the end of an array are undefined in
Chris Lattnere67a9512005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1188LLVM (e.g. it is illegal to access the 5th element of a 3 element array).
1189As a special case, however, zero length arrays are recognized to be variable
1190length. This allows implementation of 'pascal style arrays' with the LLVM
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1191type "{ i32, [0 x float]}", for example.</p>
Chris Lattnere67a9512005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1192
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1193</div>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1194
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1195<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1196<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_function">Function Type</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1197<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1198<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1199<p>The function type can be thought of as a function signature. It
1200consists of a return type and a list of formal parameter types.
John Criswell009900b2003-11-25 21:45:46 +0000[diff] [blame]1201Function types are usually used to build virtual function tables
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1202(which are structures of pointers to functions), for indirect function
1203calls, and when defining a function.</p>
John Criswell009900b2003-11-25 21:45:46 +0000[diff] [blame]1204<p>
1205The return type of a function type cannot be an aggregate type.
1206</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1207<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1208<pre> &lt;returntype&gt; (&lt;parameter list&gt;)<br></pre>
John Criswell0ec250c2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]1209<p>...where '<tt>&lt;parameter list&gt;</tt>' is a comma-separated list of type
Misha Brukmanc24b7582004-08-12 20:16:08 +0000[diff] [blame]1210specifiers. Optionally, the parameter list may include a type <tt>...</tt>,
Chris Lattner27f71f22003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]1211which indicates that the function takes a variable number of arguments.
1212Variable argument functions can access their arguments with the <a
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1213 href="#int_varargs">variable argument handling intrinsic</a> functions.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1214<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1215<table class="layout">
1216 <tr class="layout">
Reid Spencer92f82302006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1217 <td class="left"><tt>i32 (i32)</tt></td>
1218 <td class="left">function taking an <tt>i32</tt>, returning an <tt>i32</tt>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1219 </td>
Reid Spencer92f82302006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1220 </tr><tr class="layout">
Reid Spencer9445e9a2007-07-19 23:13:04 +0000[diff] [blame]1221 <td class="left"><tt>float&nbsp;(i16&nbsp;signext,&nbsp;i32&nbsp;*)&nbsp;*
Reid Spencerf17a0b72006-12-31 07:20:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1222 </tt></td>
Reid Spencer92f82302006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1223 <td class="left"><a href="#t_pointer">Pointer</a> to a function that takes
1224 an <tt>i16</tt> that should be sign extended and a
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1225 <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to <tt>i32</tt>, returning
Reid Spencer92f82302006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1226 <tt>float</tt>.
1227 </td>
1228 </tr><tr class="layout">
1229 <td class="left"><tt>i32 (i8*, ...)</tt></td>
1230 <td class="left">A vararg function that takes at least one
Reid Spencera5173382007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1231 <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to <tt>i8 </tt> (char in C),
Reid Spencer92f82302006-12-31 07:18:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1232 which returns an integer. This is the signature for <tt>printf</tt> in
1233 LLVM.
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1234 </td>
1235 </tr>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1236</table>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1237
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1238</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1239<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1240<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_struct">Structure Type</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1241<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1242<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1243<p>The structure type is used to represent a collection of data members
1244together in memory. The packing of the field types is defined to match
1245the ABI of the underlying processor. The elements of a structure may
1246be any type that has a size.</p>
1247<p>Structures are accessed using '<tt><a href="#i_load">load</a></tt>
1248and '<tt><a href="#i_store">store</a></tt>' by getting a pointer to a
1249field with the '<tt><a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a></tt>'
1250instruction.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1251<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1252<pre> { &lt;type list&gt; }<br></pre>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1253<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1254<table class="layout">
1255 <tr class="layout">
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]1256 <td class="left"><tt>{ i32, i32, i32 }</tt></td>
1257 <td class="left">A triple of three <tt>i32</tt> values</td>
1258 </tr><tr class="layout">
1259 <td class="left"><tt>{&nbsp;float,&nbsp;i32&nbsp;(i32)&nbsp;*&nbsp;}</tt></td>
1260 <td class="left">A pair, where the first element is a <tt>float</tt> and the
1261 second element is a <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to a
1262 <a href="#t_function">function</a> that takes an <tt>i32</tt>, returning
1263 an <tt>i32</tt>.</td>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1264 </tr>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1265</table>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1266</div>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1267
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1268<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Andrew Lenharth75e10682006-12-08 17:13:00 +0000[diff] [blame]1269<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_pstruct">Packed Structure Type</a>
1270</div>
1271<div class="doc_text">
1272<h5>Overview:</h5>
1273<p>The packed structure type is used to represent a collection of data members
1274together in memory. There is no padding between fields. Further, the alignment
1275of a packed structure is 1 byte. The elements of a packed structure may
1276be any type that has a size.</p>
1277<p>Structures are accessed using '<tt><a href="#i_load">load</a></tt>
1278and '<tt><a href="#i_store">store</a></tt>' by getting a pointer to a
1279field with the '<tt><a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a></tt>'
1280instruction.</p>
1281<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1282<pre> &lt; { &lt;type list&gt; } &gt; <br></pre>
1283<h5>Examples:</h5>
1284<table class="layout">
1285 <tr class="layout">
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]1286 <td class="left"><tt>&lt; { i32, i32, i32 } &gt;</tt></td>
1287 <td class="left">A triple of three <tt>i32</tt> values</td>
1288 </tr><tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner23ff1f92007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1289 <td class="left"><tt>&lt; { float, i32 (i32)* } &gt;</tt></td>
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]1290 <td class="left">A pair, where the first element is a <tt>float</tt> and the
1291 second element is a <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to a
1292 <a href="#t_function">function</a> that takes an <tt>i32</tt>, returning
1293 an <tt>i32</tt>.</td>
Andrew Lenharth75e10682006-12-08 17:13:00 +0000[diff] [blame]1294 </tr>
1295</table>
1296</div>
1297
1298<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1299<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_pointer">Pointer Type</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1300<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1301<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1302<p>As in many languages, the pointer type represents a pointer or
Christopher Lamb284d9922007-12-11 09:31:00 +0000[diff] [blame]1303reference to another object, which must live in memory. Pointer types may have
1304an optional address space attribute defining the target-specific numbered
1305address space where the pointed-to object resides. The default address space is
1306zero.</p>
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1307<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1308<pre> &lt;type&gt; *<br></pre>
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1309<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1310<table class="layout">
1311 <tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner23ff1f92007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1312 <td class="left"><tt>[4x i32]*</tt></td>
1313 <td class="left">A <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to <a
1314 href="#t_array">array</a> of four <tt>i32</tt> values.</td>
1315 </tr>
1316 <tr class="layout">
1317 <td class="left"><tt>i32 (i32 *) *</tt></td>
1318 <td class="left"> A <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to a <a
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1319 href="#t_function">function</a> that takes an <tt>i32*</tt>, returning an
Chris Lattner23ff1f92007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1320 <tt>i32</tt>.</td>
1321 </tr>
1322 <tr class="layout">
1323 <td class="left"><tt>i32 addrspace(5)*</tt></td>
1324 <td class="left">A <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> to an <tt>i32</tt> value
1325 that resides in address space #5.</td>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1326 </tr>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1327</table>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1328</div>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1329
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1330<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1331<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_vector">Vector Type</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1332<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1333
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1334<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1335
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1336<p>A vector type is a simple derived type that represents a vector
1337of elements. Vector types are used when multiple primitive data
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1338are operated in parallel using a single instruction (SIMD).
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1339A vector type requires a size (number of
Chris Lattnerb8d172f2005-11-10 01:44:22 +0000[diff] [blame]1340elements) and an underlying primitive data type. Vectors must have a power
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1341of two length (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 ...). Vector types are
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1342considered <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1343
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1344<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1345
1346<pre>
1347 &lt; &lt;# elements&gt; x &lt;elementtype&gt; &gt;
1348</pre>
1349
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1350<p>The number of elements is a constant integer value; elementtype may
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1351be any integer or floating point type.</p>
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1352
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]1353<h5>Examples:</h5>
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1354
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1355<table class="layout">
1356 <tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner23ff1f92007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1357 <td class="left"><tt>&lt;4 x i32&gt;</tt></td>
1358 <td class="left">Vector of 4 32-bit integer values.</td>
1359 </tr>
1360 <tr class="layout">
1361 <td class="left"><tt>&lt;8 x float&gt;</tt></td>
1362 <td class="left">Vector of 8 32-bit floating-point values.</td>
1363 </tr>
1364 <tr class="layout">
1365 <td class="left"><tt>&lt;2 x i64&gt;</tt></td>
1366 <td class="left">Vector of 2 64-bit integer values.</td>
Reid Spencerd3f876c2004-11-01 08:19:36 +0000[diff] [blame]1367 </tr>
1368</table>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1369</div>
1370
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1371<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1372<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="t_opaque">Opaque Type</a> </div>
1373<div class="doc_text">
1374
1375<h5>Overview:</h5>
1376
1377<p>Opaque types are used to represent unknown types in the system. This
Gordon Henriksen8ac04ff2007-10-14 00:34:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1378corresponds (for example) to the C notion of a forward declared structure type.
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1379In LLVM, opaque types can eventually be resolved to any type (not just a
1380structure type).</p>
1381
1382<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1383
1384<pre>
1385 opaque
1386</pre>
1387
1388<h5>Examples:</h5>
1389
1390<table class="layout">
1391 <tr class="layout">
Chris Lattner23ff1f92007-12-19 05:04:11 +0000[diff] [blame]1392 <td class="left"><tt>opaque</tt></td>
1393 <td class="left">An opaque type.</td>
Chris Lattner69c11bb2005-04-25 17:34:15 +0000[diff] [blame]1394 </tr>
1395</table>
1396</div>
1397
1398
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1399<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
1400<div class="doc_section"> <a name="constants">Constants</a> </div>
1401<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
1402
1403<div class="doc_text">
1404
1405<p>LLVM has several different basic types of constants. This section describes
1406them all and their syntax.</p>
1407
1408</div>
1409
1410<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Reid Spencercc16dc32004-12-09 18:02:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1411<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="simpleconstants">Simple Constants</a></div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1412
1413<div class="doc_text">
1414
1415<dl>
1416 <dt><b>Boolean constants</b></dt>
1417
1418 <dd>The two strings '<tt>true</tt>' and '<tt>false</tt>' are both valid
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1419 constants of the <tt><a href="#t_primitive">i1</a></tt> type.
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1420 </dd>
1421
1422 <dt><b>Integer constants</b></dt>
1423
Reid Spencercc16dc32004-12-09 18:02:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1424 <dd>Standard integers (such as '4') are constants of the <a
Reid Spencera5173382007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1425 href="#t_integer">integer</a> type. Negative numbers may be used with
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1426 integer types.
1427 </dd>
1428
1429 <dt><b>Floating point constants</b></dt>
1430
1431 <dd>Floating point constants use standard decimal notation (e.g. 123.421),
1432 exponential notation (e.g. 1.23421e+2), or a more precise hexadecimal
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1433 notation (see below). Floating point constants must have a <a
1434 href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type. </dd>
1435
1436 <dt><b>Null pointer constants</b></dt>
1437
John Criswell9e2485c2004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1438 <dd>The identifier '<tt>null</tt>' is recognized as a null pointer constant
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1439 and must be of <a href="#t_pointer">pointer type</a>.</dd>
1440
1441</dl>
1442
John Criswell9e2485c2004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1443<p>The one non-intuitive notation for constants is the optional hexadecimal form
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1444of floating point constants. For example, the form '<tt>double
14450x432ff973cafa8000</tt>' is equivalent to (but harder to read than) '<tt>double
14464.5e+15</tt>'. The only time hexadecimal floating point constants are required
Reid Spencercc16dc32004-12-09 18:02:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1447(and the only time that they are generated by the disassembler) is when a
1448floating point constant must be emitted but it cannot be represented as a
1449decimal floating point number. For example, NaN's, infinities, and other
1450special values are represented in their IEEE hexadecimal format so that
1451assembly and disassembly do not cause any bits to change in the constants.</p>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1452
1453</div>
1454
1455<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1456<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="aggregateconstants">Aggregate Constants</a>
1457</div>
1458
1459<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerd4f6b172005-03-07 22:13:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1460<p>Aggregate constants arise from aggregation of simple constants
1461and smaller aggregate constants.</p>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1462
1463<dl>
1464 <dt><b>Structure constants</b></dt>
1465
1466 <dd>Structure constants are represented with notation similar to structure
1467 type definitions (a comma separated list of elements, surrounded by braces
Chris Lattner64910ee2007-12-25 20:34:52 +0000[diff] [blame]1468 (<tt>{}</tt>)). For example: "<tt>{ i32 4, float 17.0, i32* @G }</tt>",
1469 where "<tt>@G</tt>" is declared as "<tt>@G = external global i32</tt>". Structure constants
Chris Lattnerd4f6b172005-03-07 22:13:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1470 must have <a href="#t_struct">structure type</a>, and the number and
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1471 types of elements must match those specified by the type.
1472 </dd>
1473
1474 <dt><b>Array constants</b></dt>
1475
1476 <dd>Array constants are represented with notation similar to array type
1477 definitions (a comma separated list of elements, surrounded by square brackets
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1478 (<tt>[]</tt>)). For example: "<tt>[ i32 42, i32 11, i32 74 ]</tt>". Array
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1479 constants must have <a href="#t_array">array type</a>, and the number and
1480 types of elements must match those specified by the type.
1481 </dd>
1482
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1483 <dt><b>Vector constants</b></dt>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1484
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1485 <dd>Vector constants are represented with notation similar to vector type
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1486 definitions (a comma separated list of elements, surrounded by
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1487 less-than/greater-than's (<tt>&lt;&gt;</tt>)). For example: "<tt>&lt; i32 42,
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]1488 i32 11, i32 74, i32 100 &gt;</tt>". Vector constants must have <a
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1489 href="#t_vector">vector type</a>, and the number and types of elements must
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1490 match those specified by the type.
1491 </dd>
1492
1493 <dt><b>Zero initialization</b></dt>
1494
1495 <dd>The string '<tt>zeroinitializer</tt>' can be used to zero initialize a
1496 value to zero of <em>any</em> type, including scalar and aggregate types.
1497 This is often used to avoid having to print large zero initializers (e.g. for
John Criswell0ec250c2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]1498 large arrays) and is always exactly equivalent to using explicit zero
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1499 initializers.
1500 </dd>
1501</dl>
1502
1503</div>
1504
1505<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1506<div class="doc_subsection">
1507 <a name="globalconstants">Global Variable and Function Addresses</a>
1508</div>
1509
1510<div class="doc_text">
1511
1512<p>The addresses of <a href="#globalvars">global variables</a> and <a
1513href="#functionstructure">functions</a> are always implicitly valid (link-time)
John Criswell9e2485c2004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1514constants. These constants are explicitly referenced when the <a
1515href="#identifiers">identifier for the global</a> is used and always have <a
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1516href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> type. For example, the following is a legal LLVM
1517file:</p>
1518
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1519<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1520<pre>
Chris Lattnera18a4242007-06-06 18:28:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1521@X = global i32 17
1522@Y = global i32 42
1523@Z = global [2 x i32*] [ i32* @X, i32* @Y ]
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1524</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1525</div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1526
1527</div>
1528
1529<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Reid Spencer2dc45b82004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1530<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="undefvalues">Undefined Values</a></div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1531<div class="doc_text">
Reid Spencer2dc45b82004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1532 <p>The string '<tt>undef</tt>' is recognized as a type-less constant that has
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1533 no specific value. Undefined values may be of any type and be used anywhere
Reid Spencer2dc45b82004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1534 a constant is permitted.</p>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1535
Reid Spencer2dc45b82004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1536 <p>Undefined values indicate to the compiler that the program is well defined
1537 no matter what value is used, giving the compiler more freedom to optimize.
1538 </p>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1539</div>
1540
1541<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1542<div class="doc_subsection"><a name="constantexprs">Constant Expressions</a>
1543</div>
1544
1545<div class="doc_text">
1546
1547<p>Constant expressions are used to allow expressions involving other constants
1548to be used as constants. Constant expressions may be of any <a
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1549href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type and may involve any LLVM operation
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1550that does not have side effects (e.g. load and call are not supported). The
1551following is the syntax for constant expressions:</p>
1552
1553<dl>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1554 <dt><b><tt>trunc ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1555 <dd>Truncate a constant to another type. The bit size of CST must be larger
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1556 than the bit size of TYPE. Both types must be integers.</dd>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1557
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1558 <dt><b><tt>zext ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1559 <dd>Zero extend a constant to another type. The bit size of CST must be
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1560 smaller or equal to the bit size of TYPE. Both types must be integers.</dd>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1561
1562 <dt><b><tt>sext ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1563 <dd>Sign extend a constant to another type. The bit size of CST must be
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1564 smaller or equal to the bit size of TYPE. Both types must be integers.</dd>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1565
1566 <dt><b><tt>fptrunc ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1567 <dd>Truncate a floating point constant to another floating point type. The
1568 size of CST must be larger than the size of TYPE. Both types must be
1569 floating point.</dd>
1570
1571 <dt><b><tt>fpext ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1572 <dd>Floating point extend a constant to another type. The size of CST must be
1573 smaller or equal to the size of TYPE. Both types must be floating point.</dd>
1574
Reid Spencer1539a1c2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]1575 <dt><b><tt>fptoui ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1576 <dd>Convert a floating point constant to the corresponding unsigned integer
Nate Begemanb348d182007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1577 constant. TYPE must be a scalar or vector integer type. CST must be of scalar
1578 or vector floating point type. Both CST and TYPE must be scalars, or vectors
1579 of the same number of elements. If the value won't fit in the integer type,
1580 the results are undefined.</dd>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1581
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]1582 <dt><b><tt>fptosi ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1583 <dd>Convert a floating point constant to the corresponding signed integer
Nate Begemanb348d182007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1584 constant. TYPE must be a scalar or vector integer type. CST must be of scalar
1585 or vector floating point type. Both CST and TYPE must be scalars, or vectors
1586 of the same number of elements. If the value won't fit in the integer type,
1587 the results are undefined.</dd>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1588
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]1589 <dt><b><tt>uitofp ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1590 <dd>Convert an unsigned integer constant to the corresponding floating point
Nate Begemanb348d182007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1591 constant. TYPE must be a scalar or vector floating point type. CST must be of
1592 scalar or vector integer type. Both CST and TYPE must be scalars, or vectors
1593 of the same number of elements. If the value won't fit in the floating point
1594 type, the results are undefined.</dd>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1595
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]1596 <dt><b><tt>sitofp ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1597 <dd>Convert a signed integer constant to the corresponding floating point
Nate Begemanb348d182007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1598 constant. TYPE must be a scalar or vector floating point type. CST must be of
1599 scalar or vector integer type. Both CST and TYPE must be scalars, or vectors
1600 of the same number of elements. If the value won't fit in the floating point
1601 type, the results are undefined.</dd>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1602
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]1603 <dt><b><tt>ptrtoint ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1604 <dd>Convert a pointer typed constant to the corresponding integer constant
1605 TYPE must be an integer type. CST must be of pointer type. The CST value is
1606 zero extended, truncated, or unchanged to make it fit in TYPE.</dd>
1607
1608 <dt><b><tt>inttoptr ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
1609 <dd>Convert a integer constant to a pointer constant. TYPE must be a
1610 pointer type. CST must be of integer type. The CST value is zero extended,
1611 truncated, or unchanged to make it fit in a pointer size. This one is
1612 <i>really</i> dangerous!</dd>
1613
1614 <dt><b><tt>bitcast ( CST to TYPE )</tt></b></dt>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1615 <dd>Convert a constant, CST, to another TYPE. The size of CST and TYPE must be
1616 identical (same number of bits). The conversion is done as if the CST value
1617 was stored to memory and read back as TYPE. In other words, no bits change
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]1618 with this operator, just the type. This can be used for conversion of
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]1619 vector types to any other type, as long as they have the same bit width. For
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]1620 pointers it is only valid to cast to another pointer type.
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]1621 </dd>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1622
1623 <dt><b><tt>getelementptr ( CSTPTR, IDX0, IDX1, ... )</tt></b></dt>
1624
1625 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr operation</a> on
1626 constants. As with the <a href="#i_getelementptr">getelementptr</a>
1627 instruction, the index list may have zero or more indexes, which are required
1628 to make sense for the type of "CSTPTR".</dd>
1629
Robert Bocchino9fbe1452006-01-10 19:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1630 <dt><b><tt>select ( COND, VAL1, VAL2 )</tt></b></dt>
1631
1632 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_select">select operation</a> on
Reid Spencer01c42592006-12-04 19:23:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1633 constants.</dd>
1634
1635 <dt><b><tt>icmp COND ( VAL1, VAL2 )</tt></b></dt>
1636 <dd>Performs the <a href="#i_icmp">icmp operation</a> on constants.</dd>
1637
1638 <dt><b><tt>fcmp COND ( VAL1, VAL2 )</tt></b></dt>
1639 <dd>Performs the <a href="#i_fcmp">fcmp operation</a> on constants.</dd>
Robert Bocchino9fbe1452006-01-10 19:31:34 +0000[diff] [blame]1640
1641 <dt><b><tt>extractelement ( VAL, IDX )</tt></b></dt>
1642
1643 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_extractelement">extractelement
1644 operation</a> on constants.
1645
Robert Bocchino05ccd702006-01-15 20:48:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1646 <dt><b><tt>insertelement ( VAL, ELT, IDX )</tt></b></dt>
1647
1648 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_insertelement">insertelement
Reid Spencer01c42592006-12-04 19:23:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1649 operation</a> on constants.</dd>
Robert Bocchino05ccd702006-01-15 20:48:27 +0000[diff] [blame]1650
Chris Lattnerc1989542006-04-08 00:13:41 +0000[diff] [blame]1651
1652 <dt><b><tt>shufflevector ( VEC1, VEC2, IDXMASK )</tt></b></dt>
1653
1654 <dd>Perform the <a href="#i_shufflevector">shufflevector
Reid Spencer01c42592006-12-04 19:23:19 +0000[diff] [blame]1655 operation</a> on constants.</dd>
Chris Lattnerc1989542006-04-08 00:13:41 +0000[diff] [blame]1656
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1657 <dt><b><tt>OPCODE ( LHS, RHS )</tt></b></dt>
1658
Reid Spencer2dc45b82004-12-09 18:13:12 +0000[diff] [blame]1659 <dd>Perform the specified operation of the LHS and RHS constants. OPCODE may
1660 be any of the <a href="#binaryops">binary</a> or <a href="#bitwiseops">bitwise
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1661 binary</a> operations. The constraints on operands are the same as those for
1662 the corresponding instruction (e.g. no bitwise operations on floating point
John Criswelle4c57cc2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]1663 values are allowed).</dd>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1664</dl>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1665</div>
Chris Lattner9ee5d222004-03-08 16:49:10 +0000[diff] [blame]1666
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1667<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1668<div class="doc_section"> <a name="othervalues">Other Values</a> </div>
1669<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
1670
1671<!-- ======================================================================= -->
1672<div class="doc_subsection">
1673<a name="inlineasm">Inline Assembler Expressions</a>
1674</div>
1675
1676<div class="doc_text">
1677
1678<p>
1679LLVM supports inline assembler expressions (as opposed to <a href="#moduleasm">
1680Module-Level Inline Assembly</a>) through the use of a special value. This
1681value represents the inline assembler as a string (containing the instructions
1682to emit), a list of operand constraints (stored as a string), and a flag that
1683indicates whether or not the inline asm expression has side effects. An example
1684inline assembler expression is:
1685</p>
1686
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1687<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1688<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1689i32 (i32) asm "bswap $0", "=r,r"
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1690</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1691</div>
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1692
1693<p>
1694Inline assembler expressions may <b>only</b> be used as the callee operand of
1695a <a href="#i_call"><tt>call</tt> instruction</a>. Thus, typically we have:
1696</p>
1697
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1698<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1699<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1700%X = call i32 asm "<a href="#int_bswap">bswap</a> $0", "=r,r"(i32 %Y)
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1701</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1702</div>
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1703
1704<p>
1705Inline asms with side effects not visible in the constraint list must be marked
1706as having side effects. This is done through the use of the
1707'<tt>sideeffect</tt>' keyword, like so:
1708</p>
1709
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1710<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1711<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1712call void asm sideeffect "eieio", ""()
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1713</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]1714</div>
Chris Lattnere87d6532006-01-25 23:47:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1715
1716<p>TODO: The format of the asm and constraints string still need to be
1717documented here. Constraints on what can be done (e.g. duplication, moving, etc
1718need to be documented).
1719</p>
1720
1721</div>
1722
1723<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1724<div class="doc_section"> <a name="instref">Instruction Reference</a> </div>
1725<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1726
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1727<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1728
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1729<p>The LLVM instruction set consists of several different
1730classifications of instructions: <a href="#terminators">terminator
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1731instructions</a>, <a href="#binaryops">binary instructions</a>,
1732<a href="#bitwiseops">bitwise binary instructions</a>, <a
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1733 href="#memoryops">memory instructions</a>, and <a href="#otherops">other
1734instructions</a>.</p>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1735
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1736</div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1737
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1738<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1739<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="terminators">Terminator
1740Instructions</a> </div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1741
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1742<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1743
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1744<p>As mentioned <a href="#functionstructure">previously</a>, every
1745basic block in a program ends with a "Terminator" instruction, which
1746indicates which block should be executed after the current block is
1747finished. These terminator instructions typically yield a '<tt>void</tt>'
1748value: they produce control flow, not values (the one exception being
1749the '<a href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a>' instruction).</p>
John Criswell9e2485c2004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]1750<p>There are six different terminator instructions: the '<a
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1751 href="#i_ret"><tt>ret</tt></a>' instruction, the '<a href="#i_br"><tt>br</tt></a>'
1752instruction, the '<a href="#i_switch"><tt>switch</tt></a>' instruction,
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1753the '<a href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a>' instruction, the '<a
1754 href="#i_unwind"><tt>unwind</tt></a>' instruction, and the '<a
1755 href="#i_unreachable"><tt>unreachable</tt></a>' instruction.</p>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1756
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1757</div>
Chris Lattnerc3f59762004-12-09 17:30:23 +0000[diff] [blame]1758
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1759<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1760<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_ret">'<tt>ret</tt>'
1761Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1762<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1763<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1764<pre> ret &lt;type&gt; &lt;value&gt; <i>; Return a value from a non-void function</i>
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1765 ret void <i>; Return from void function</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1766</pre>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1767<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1768<p>The '<tt>ret</tt>' instruction is used to return control flow (and a
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]1769value) from a function back to the caller.</p>
John Criswell4457dc92004-04-09 16:48:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1770<p>There are two forms of the '<tt>ret</tt>' instruction: one that
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1771returns a value and then causes control flow, and one that just causes
1772control flow to occur.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1773<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1774<p>The '<tt>ret</tt>' instruction may return any '<a
1775 href="#t_firstclass">first class</a>' type. Notice that a function is
1776not <a href="#wellformed">well formed</a> if there exists a '<tt>ret</tt>'
1777instruction inside of the function that returns a value that does not
1778match the return type of the function.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1779<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1780<p>When the '<tt>ret</tt>' instruction is executed, control flow
1781returns back to the calling function's context. If the caller is a "<a
John Criswellfa081872004-06-25 15:16:57 +0000[diff] [blame]1782 href="#i_call"><tt>call</tt></a>" instruction, execution continues at
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1783the instruction after the call. If the caller was an "<a
1784 href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a>" instruction, execution continues
John Criswelle4c57cc2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]1785at the beginning of the "normal" destination block. If the instruction
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1786returns a value, that value shall set the call or invoke instruction's
1787return value.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1788<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1789<pre> ret i32 5 <i>; Return an integer value of 5</i>
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]1790 ret void <i>; Return from a void function</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1791</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1792</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1793<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1794<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_br">'<tt>br</tt>' Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1795<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1796<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1797<pre> br i1 &lt;cond&gt;, label &lt;iftrue&gt;, label &lt;iffalse&gt;<br> br label &lt;dest&gt; <i>; Unconditional branch</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1798</pre>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1799<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1800<p>The '<tt>br</tt>' instruction is used to cause control flow to
1801transfer to a different basic block in the current function. There are
1802two forms of this instruction, corresponding to a conditional branch
1803and an unconditional branch.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1804<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1805<p>The conditional branch form of the '<tt>br</tt>' instruction takes a
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1806single '<tt>i1</tt>' value and two '<tt>label</tt>' values. The
Reid Spencerde151942007-02-19 23:54:10 +0000[diff] [blame]1807unconditional form of the '<tt>br</tt>' instruction takes a single
1808'<tt>label</tt>' value as a target.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1809<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1810<p>Upon execution of a conditional '<tt>br</tt>' instruction, the '<tt>i1</tt>'
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1811argument is evaluated. If the value is <tt>true</tt>, control flows
1812to the '<tt>iftrue</tt>' <tt>label</tt> argument. If "cond" is <tt>false</tt>,
1813control flows to the '<tt>iffalse</tt>' <tt>label</tt> argument.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1814<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1815<pre>Test:<br> %cond = <a href="#i_icmp">icmp</a> eq, i32 %a, %b<br> br i1 %cond, label %IfEqual, label %IfUnequal<br>IfEqual:<br> <a
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1816 href="#i_ret">ret</a> i32 1<br>IfUnequal:<br> <a href="#i_ret">ret</a> i32 0<br></pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1817</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1818<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1819<div class="doc_subsubsection">
1820 <a name="i_switch">'<tt>switch</tt>' Instruction</a>
1821</div>
1822
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1823<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1824<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1825
1826<pre>
1827 switch &lt;intty&gt; &lt;value&gt;, label &lt;defaultdest&gt; [ &lt;intty&gt; &lt;val&gt;, label &lt;dest&gt; ... ]
1828</pre>
1829
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1830<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1831
1832<p>The '<tt>switch</tt>' instruction is used to transfer control flow to one of
1833several different places. It is a generalization of the '<tt>br</tt>'
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1834instruction, allowing a branch to occur to one of many possible
1835destinations.</p>
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1836
1837
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1838<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1839
1840<p>The '<tt>switch</tt>' instruction uses three parameters: an integer
1841comparison value '<tt>value</tt>', a default '<tt>label</tt>' destination, and
1842an array of pairs of comparison value constants and '<tt>label</tt>'s. The
1843table is not allowed to contain duplicate constant entries.</p>
1844
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1845<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1846
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1847<p>The <tt>switch</tt> instruction specifies a table of values and
1848destinations. When the '<tt>switch</tt>' instruction is executed, this
John Criswell84114752004-06-25 16:05:06 +0000[diff] [blame]1849table is searched for the given value. If the value is found, control flow is
1850transfered to the corresponding destination; otherwise, control flow is
1851transfered to the default destination.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1852
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1853<h5>Implementation:</h5>
1854
1855<p>Depending on properties of the target machine and the particular
1856<tt>switch</tt> instruction, this instruction may be code generated in different
John Criswell84114752004-06-25 16:05:06 +0000[diff] [blame]1857ways. For example, it could be generated as a series of chained conditional
1858branches or with a lookup table.</p>
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1859
1860<h5>Example:</h5>
1861
1862<pre>
1863 <i>; Emulate a conditional br instruction</i>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1864 %Val = <a href="#i_zext">zext</a> i1 %value to i32
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1865 switch i32 %Val, label %truedest [i32 0, label %falsedest ]
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1866
1867 <i>; Emulate an unconditional br instruction</i>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1868 switch i32 0, label %dest [ ]
Chris Lattnerc88c17b2004-02-24 04:54:45 +0000[diff] [blame]1869
1870 <i>; Implement a jump table:</i>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]1871 switch i32 %val, label %otherwise [ i32 0, label %onzero
1872 i32 1, label %onone
1873 i32 2, label %ontwo ]
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1874</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1875</div>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1876
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1877<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1878<div class="doc_subsubsection">
1879 <a name="i_invoke">'<tt>invoke</tt>' Instruction</a>
1880</div>
1881
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1882<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1883
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1884<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1885
1886<pre>
1887 &lt;result&gt; = invoke [<a href="#callingconv">cconv</a>] &lt;ptr to function ty&gt; %&lt;function ptr val&gt;(&lt;function args&gt;)
Chris Lattner76b8a332006-05-14 18:23:06 +0000[diff] [blame]1888 to label &lt;normal label&gt; unwind label &lt;exception label&gt;
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1889</pre>
1890
Chris Lattner6536cfe2002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]1891<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1892
1893<p>The '<tt>invoke</tt>' instruction causes control to transfer to a specified
1894function, with the possibility of control flow transfer to either the
John Criswelle4c57cc2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]1895'<tt>normal</tt>' label or the
1896'<tt>exception</tt>' label. If the callee function returns with the
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1897"<tt><a href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt>" instruction, control flow will return to the
1898"normal" label. If the callee (or any indirect callees) returns with the "<a
John Criswelle4c57cc2005-05-12 16:52:32 +0000[diff] [blame]1899href="#i_unwind"><tt>unwind</tt></a>" instruction, control is interrupted and
1900continued at the dynamically nearest "exception" label.</p>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1901
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1902<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1903
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1904<p>This instruction requires several arguments:</p>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1905
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1906<ol>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1907 <li>
Duncan Sands8036ca42007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]1908 The optional "cconv" marker indicates which <a href="#callingconv">calling
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1909 convention</a> the call should use. If none is specified, the call defaults
1910 to using C calling conventions.
1911 </li>
1912 <li>'<tt>ptr to function ty</tt>': shall be the signature of the pointer to
1913 function value being invoked. In most cases, this is a direct function
1914 invocation, but indirect <tt>invoke</tt>s are just as possible, branching off
1915 an arbitrary pointer to function value.
1916 </li>
1917
1918 <li>'<tt>function ptr val</tt>': An LLVM value containing a pointer to a
1919 function to be invoked. </li>
1920
1921 <li>'<tt>function args</tt>': argument list whose types match the function
1922 signature argument types. If the function signature indicates the function
1923 accepts a variable number of arguments, the extra arguments can be
1924 specified. </li>
1925
1926 <li>'<tt>normal label</tt>': the label reached when the called function
1927 executes a '<tt><a href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt>' instruction. </li>
1928
1929 <li>'<tt>exception label</tt>': the label reached when a callee returns with
1930 the <a href="#i_unwind"><tt>unwind</tt></a> instruction. </li>
1931
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1932</ol>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1933
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1934<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1935
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1936<p>This instruction is designed to operate as a standard '<tt><a
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1937href="#i_call">call</a></tt>' instruction in most regards. The primary
1938difference is that it establishes an association with a label, which is used by
1939the runtime library to unwind the stack.</p>
1940
1941<p>This instruction is used in languages with destructors to ensure that proper
1942cleanup is performed in the case of either a <tt>longjmp</tt> or a thrown
1943exception. Additionally, this is important for implementation of
1944'<tt>catch</tt>' clauses in high-level languages that support them.</p>
1945
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1946<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]1947<pre>
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]1948 %retval = invoke i32 %Test(i32 15) to label %Continue
1949 unwind label %TestCleanup <i>; {i32}:retval set</i>
1950 %retval = invoke <a href="#callingconv">coldcc</a> i32 %Test(i32 15) to label %Continue
1951 unwind label %TestCleanup <i>; {i32}:retval set</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]1952</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1953</div>
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1954
1955
Chris Lattner27f71f22003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]1956<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1957
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]1958<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_unwind">'<tt>unwind</tt>'
1959Instruction</a> </div>
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1960
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1961<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1962
Chris Lattner27f71f22003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]1963<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1964<pre>
1965 unwind
1966</pre>
1967
Chris Lattner27f71f22003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]1968<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1969
1970<p>The '<tt>unwind</tt>' instruction unwinds the stack, continuing control flow
1971at the first callee in the dynamic call stack which used an <a
1972href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a> instruction to perform the call. This is
1973primarily used to implement exception handling.</p>
1974
Chris Lattner27f71f22003-09-03 00:41:47 +0000[diff] [blame]1975<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1976
1977<p>The '<tt>unwind</tt>' intrinsic causes execution of the current function to
1978immediately halt. The dynamic call stack is then searched for the first <a
1979href="#i_invoke"><tt>invoke</tt></a> instruction on the call stack. Once found,
1980execution continues at the "exceptional" destination block specified by the
1981<tt>invoke</tt> instruction. If there is no <tt>invoke</tt> instruction in the
1982dynamic call chain, undefined behavior results.</p>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]1983</div>
Chris Lattner35eca582004-10-16 18:04:13 +0000[diff] [blame]1984
1985<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
1986
1987<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_unreachable">'<tt>unreachable</tt>'
1988Instruction</a> </div>
1989
1990<div class="doc_text">
1991
1992<h5>Syntax:</h5>
1993<pre>
1994 unreachable
1995</pre>
1996
1997<h5>Overview:</h5>
1998
1999<p>The '<tt>unreachable</tt>' instruction has no defined semantics. This
2000instruction is used to inform the optimizer that a particular portion of the
2001code is not reachable. This can be used to indicate that the code after a
2002no-return function cannot be reached, and other facts.</p>
2003
2004<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2005
2006<p>The '<tt>unreachable</tt>' instruction has no defined semantics.</p>
2007</div>
2008
2009
2010
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2011<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2012<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="binaryops">Binary Operations</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2013<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2014<p>Binary operators are used to do most of the computation in a
2015program. They require two operands, execute an operation on them, and
John Criswell9e2485c2004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]2016produce a single value. The operands might represent
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2017multiple data, as is the case with the <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> data type.
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]2018The result value of a binary operator is not
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2019necessarily the same type as its operands.</p>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2020<p>There are several different binary operators:</p>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2021</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2022<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2023<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_add">'<tt>add</tt>'
2024Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2025<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2026<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2027<pre> &lt;result&gt; = add &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2028</pre>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2029<h5>Overview:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2030<p>The '<tt>add</tt>' instruction returns the sum of its two operands.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2031<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2032<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>add</tt>' instruction must be either <a
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]2033 href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> values.
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2034 This instruction can also take <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> versions of the values.
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]2035Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2036<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2037<p>The value produced is the integer or floating point sum of the two
2038operands.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2039<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2040<pre> &lt;result&gt; = add i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 + %var</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2041</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2042</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2043<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2044<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_sub">'<tt>sub</tt>'
2045Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2046<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2047<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2048<pre> &lt;result&gt; = sub &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2049</pre>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2050<h5>Overview:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2051<p>The '<tt>sub</tt>' instruction returns the difference of its two
2052operands.</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2053<p>Note that the '<tt>sub</tt>' instruction is used to represent the '<tt>neg</tt>'
2054instruction present in most other intermediate representations.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2055<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2056<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>sub</tt>' instruction must be either <a
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2057 href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]2058values.
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2059This instruction can also take <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> versions of the values.
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]2060Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2061<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2062<p>The value produced is the integer or floating point difference of
2063the two operands.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2064<h5>Example:</h5>
Bill Wendlingaac388b2007-05-29 09:42:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2065<pre>
2066 &lt;result&gt; = sub i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 - %var</i>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2067 &lt;result&gt; = sub i32 0, %val <i>; yields {i32}:result = -%var</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2068</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2069</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2070<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2071<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_mul">'<tt>mul</tt>'
2072Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2073<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2074<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2075<pre> &lt;result&gt; = mul &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2076</pre>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2077<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2078<p>The '<tt>mul</tt>' instruction returns the product of its two
2079operands.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2080<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2081<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>mul</tt>' instruction must be either <a
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2082 href="#t_integer">integer</a> or <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]2083values.
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2084This instruction can also take <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> versions of the values.
Chris Lattnera58561b2004-08-12 19:12:28 +0000[diff] [blame]2085Both arguments must have identical types.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2086<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2087<p>The value produced is the integer or floating point product of the
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2088two operands.</p>
Reid Spencera5173382007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]2089<p>Because the operands are the same width, the result of an integer
2090multiplication is the same whether the operands should be deemed unsigned or
2091signed.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2092<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2093<pre> &lt;result&gt; = mul i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 * %var</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2094</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2095</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2096<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2097<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_udiv">'<tt>udiv</tt>' Instruction
2098</a></div>
2099<div class="doc_text">
2100<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2101<pre> &lt;result&gt; = udiv &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
2102</pre>
2103<h5>Overview:</h5>
2104<p>The '<tt>udiv</tt>' instruction returns the quotient of its two
2105operands.</p>
2106<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2107<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>udiv</tt>' instruction must be
2108<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> values. Both arguments must have identical
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2109types. This instruction can also take <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> versions
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2110of the values in which case the elements must be integers.</p>
2111<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2112<p>The value produced is the unsigned integer quotient of the two operands. This
2113instruction always performs an unsigned division operation, regardless of
2114whether the arguments are unsigned or not.</p>
2115<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2116<pre> &lt;result&gt; = udiv i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 / %var</i>
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2117</pre>
2118</div>
2119<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2120<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_sdiv">'<tt>sdiv</tt>' Instruction
2121</a> </div>
2122<div class="doc_text">
2123<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2124<pre> &lt;result&gt; = sdiv &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
2125</pre>
2126<h5>Overview:</h5>
2127<p>The '<tt>sdiv</tt>' instruction returns the quotient of its two
2128operands.</p>
2129<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2130<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>sdiv</tt>' instruction must be
2131<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> values. Both arguments must have identical
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2132types. This instruction can also take <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> versions
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2133of the values in which case the elements must be integers.</p>
2134<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2135<p>The value produced is the signed integer quotient of the two operands. This
2136instruction always performs a signed division operation, regardless of whether
2137the arguments are signed or not.</p>
2138<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2139<pre> &lt;result&gt; = sdiv i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 / %var</i>
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2140</pre>
2141</div>
2142<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2143<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_fdiv">'<tt>fdiv</tt>'
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2144Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2145<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2146<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2147<pre> &lt;result&gt; = fdiv &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2148</pre>
2149<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2150<p>The '<tt>fdiv</tt>' instruction returns the quotient of its two
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2151operands.</p>
2152<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2153<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>fdiv</tt>' instruction must be
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2154<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> values. Both arguments must have
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2155identical types. This instruction can also take <a href="#t_vector">vector</a>
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2156versions of floating point values.</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2157<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2158<p>The value produced is the floating point quotient of the two operands.</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2159<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencer1628cec2006-10-26 06:15:43 +0000[diff] [blame]2160<pre> &lt;result&gt; = fdiv float 4.0, %var <i>; yields {float}:result = 4.0 / %var</i>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2161</pre>
2162</div>
2163<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2164<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_urem">'<tt>urem</tt>' Instruction</a>
2165</div>
2166<div class="doc_text">
2167<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2168<pre> &lt;result&gt; = urem &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
2169</pre>
2170<h5>Overview:</h5>
2171<p>The '<tt>urem</tt>' instruction returns the remainder from the
2172unsigned division of its two arguments.</p>
2173<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2174<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>urem</tt>' instruction must be
2175<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> values. Both arguments must have identical
Dan Gohman80176312007-11-05 23:35:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2176types. This instruction can also take <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> versions
2177of the values in which case the elements must be integers.</p>
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2178<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2179<p>This instruction returns the unsigned integer <i>remainder</i> of a division.
2180This instruction always performs an unsigned division to get the remainder,
2181regardless of whether the arguments are unsigned or not.</p>
2182<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2183<pre> &lt;result&gt; = urem i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 % %var</i>
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2184</pre>
2185
2186</div>
2187<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2188<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_srem">'<tt>srem</tt>'
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2189Instruction</a> </div>
2190<div class="doc_text">
2191<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2192<pre> &lt;result&gt; = srem &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2193</pre>
2194<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2195<p>The '<tt>srem</tt>' instruction returns the remainder from the
Dan Gohman80176312007-11-05 23:35:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2196signed division of its two operands. This instruction can also take
2197<a href="#t_vector">vector</a> versions of the values in which case
2198the elements must be integers.</p>
Chris Lattnerc7d3ab32008-01-04 04:33:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2199
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2200<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2201<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>srem</tt>' instruction must be
2202<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> values. Both arguments must have identical
2203types.</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2204<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2205<p>This instruction returns the <i>remainder</i> of a division (where the result
Reid Spencerc9fdfc82007-03-24 22:23:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2206has the same sign as the dividend, <tt>var1</tt>), not the <i>modulo</i>
2207operator (where the result has the same sign as the divisor, <tt>var2</tt>) of
2208a value. For more information about the difference, see <a
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2209 href="http://mathforum.org/dr.math/problems/anne.4.28.99.html">The
Reid Spencerc9fdfc82007-03-24 22:23:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2210Math Forum</a>. For a table of how this is implemented in various languages,
Reid Spencer64f5c6c2007-03-24 22:40:44 +0000[diff] [blame]2211please see <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modulo_operation">
Reid Spencerc9fdfc82007-03-24 22:23:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2212Wikipedia: modulo operation</a>.</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2213<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2214<pre> &lt;result&gt; = srem i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 % %var</i>
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2215</pre>
2216
2217</div>
2218<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2219<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_frem">'<tt>frem</tt>'
2220Instruction</a> </div>
2221<div class="doc_text">
2222<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2223<pre> &lt;result&gt; = frem &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
2224</pre>
2225<h5>Overview:</h5>
2226<p>The '<tt>frem</tt>' instruction returns the remainder from the
2227division of its two operands.</p>
2228<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2229<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>frem</tt>' instruction must be
2230<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> values. Both arguments must have
Dan Gohman80176312007-11-05 23:35:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2231identical types. This instruction can also take <a href="#t_vector">vector</a>
2232versions of floating point values.</p>
Reid Spencer0a783f72006-11-02 01:53:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2233<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2234<p>This instruction returns the <i>remainder</i> of a division.</p>
2235<h5>Example:</h5>
2236<pre> &lt;result&gt; = frem float 4.0, %var <i>; yields {float}:result = 4.0 % %var</i>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2237</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2238</div>
Robert Bocchino7b81c752006-02-17 21:18:08 +0000[diff] [blame]2239
Reid Spencer8e11bf82007-02-02 13:57:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2240<!-- ======================================================================= -->
2241<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="bitwiseops">Bitwise Binary
2242Operations</a> </div>
2243<div class="doc_text">
2244<p>Bitwise binary operators are used to do various forms of
2245bit-twiddling in a program. They are generally very efficient
2246instructions and can commonly be strength reduced from other
2247instructions. They require two operands, execute an operation on them,
2248and produce a single value. The resulting value of the bitwise binary
2249operators is always the same type as its first operand.</p>
2250</div>
2251
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2252<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2253<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_shl">'<tt>shl</tt>'
2254Instruction</a> </div>
2255<div class="doc_text">
2256<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2257<pre> &lt;result&gt; = shl &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
2258</pre>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2259
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2260<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2261
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2262<p>The '<tt>shl</tt>' instruction returns the first operand shifted to
2263the left a specified number of bits.</p>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2264
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2265<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2266
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2267<p>Both arguments to the '<tt>shl</tt>' instruction must be the same <a
2268 href="#t_integer">integer</a> type.</p>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2269
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2270<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2271
2272<p>The value produced is <tt>var1</tt> * 2<sup><tt>var2</tt></sup>. If
2273<tt>var2</tt> is (statically or dynamically) equal to or larger than the number
2274of bits in <tt>var1</tt>, the result is undefined.</p>
2275
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2276<h5>Example:</h5><pre>
2277 &lt;result&gt; = shl i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}: 4 &lt;&lt; %var</i>
2278 &lt;result&gt; = shl i32 4, 2 <i>; yields {i32}: 16</i>
2279 &lt;result&gt; = shl i32 1, 10 <i>; yields {i32}: 1024</i>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2280 &lt;result&gt; = shl i32 1, 32 <i>; undefined</i>
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2281</pre>
2282</div>
2283<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2284<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_lshr">'<tt>lshr</tt>'
2285Instruction</a> </div>
2286<div class="doc_text">
2287<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2288<pre> &lt;result&gt; = lshr &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
2289</pre>
2290
2291<h5>Overview:</h5>
2292<p>The '<tt>lshr</tt>' instruction (logical shift right) returns the first
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2293operand shifted to the right a specified number of bits with zero fill.</p>
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2294
2295<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2296<p>Both arguments to the '<tt>lshr</tt>' instruction must be the same
2297<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type.</p>
2298
2299<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2300
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2301<p>This instruction always performs a logical shift right operation. The most
2302significant bits of the result will be filled with zero bits after the
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2303shift. If <tt>var2</tt> is (statically or dynamically) equal to or larger than
2304the number of bits in <tt>var1</tt>, the result is undefined.</p>
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2305
2306<h5>Example:</h5>
2307<pre>
2308 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i32 4, 1 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 2</i>
2309 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i32 4, 2 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 1</i>
2310 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i8 4, 3 <i>; yields {i8}:result = 0</i>
2311 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i8 -2, 1 <i>; yields {i8}:result = 0x7FFFFFFF </i>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2312 &lt;result&gt; = lshr i32 1, 32 <i>; undefined</i>
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2313</pre>
2314</div>
2315
Reid Spencer8e11bf82007-02-02 13:57:07 +0000[diff] [blame]2316<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2317<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_ashr">'<tt>ashr</tt>'
2318Instruction</a> </div>
2319<div class="doc_text">
2320
2321<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2322<pre> &lt;result&gt; = ashr &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
2323</pre>
2324
2325<h5>Overview:</h5>
2326<p>The '<tt>ashr</tt>' instruction (arithmetic shift right) returns the first
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2327operand shifted to the right a specified number of bits with sign extension.</p>
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2328
2329<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2330<p>Both arguments to the '<tt>ashr</tt>' instruction must be the same
2331<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type.</p>
2332
2333<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2334<p>This instruction always performs an arithmetic shift right operation,
2335The most significant bits of the result will be filled with the sign bit
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2336of <tt>var1</tt>. If <tt>var2</tt> is (statically or dynamically) equal to or
2337larger than the number of bits in <tt>var1</tt>, the result is undefined.
2338</p>
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2339
2340<h5>Example:</h5>
2341<pre>
2342 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i32 4, 1 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 2</i>
2343 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i32 4, 2 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 1</i>
2344 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i8 4, 3 <i>; yields {i8}:result = 0</i>
2345 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i8 -2, 1 <i>; yields {i8}:result = -1</i>
Chris Lattner6ccc2d52007-10-03 21:01:14 +0000[diff] [blame]2346 &lt;result&gt; = ashr i32 1, 32 <i>; undefined</i>
Reid Spencer569f2fa2007-01-31 21:39:12 +0000[diff] [blame]2347</pre>
2348</div>
2349
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2350<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2351<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_and">'<tt>and</tt>'
2352Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2353<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2354<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2355<pre> &lt;result&gt; = and &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2356</pre>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2357<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2358<p>The '<tt>and</tt>' instruction returns the bitwise logical and of
2359its two operands.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2360<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2361<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>and</tt>' instruction must be <a
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2362 href="#t_integer">integer</a> values. Both arguments must have
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2363identical types.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2364<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2365<p>The truth table used for the '<tt>and</tt>' instruction is:</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2366<p> </p>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2367<div style="align: center">
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2368<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2369 <tbody>
2370 <tr>
2371 <td>In0</td>
2372 <td>In1</td>
2373 <td>Out</td>
2374 </tr>
2375 <tr>
2376 <td>0</td>
2377 <td>0</td>
2378 <td>0</td>
2379 </tr>
2380 <tr>
2381 <td>0</td>
2382 <td>1</td>
2383 <td>0</td>
2384 </tr>
2385 <tr>
2386 <td>1</td>
2387 <td>0</td>
2388 <td>0</td>
2389 </tr>
2390 <tr>
2391 <td>1</td>
2392 <td>1</td>
2393 <td>1</td>
2394 </tr>
2395 </tbody>
2396</table>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2397</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2398<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2399<pre> &lt;result&gt; = and i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 &amp; %var</i>
2400 &lt;result&gt; = and i32 15, 40 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 8</i>
2401 &lt;result&gt; = and i32 4, 8 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 0</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2402</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2403</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2404<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2405<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_or">'<tt>or</tt>' Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2406<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2407<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2408<pre> &lt;result&gt; = or &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2409</pre>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2410<h5>Overview:</h5>
2411<p>The '<tt>or</tt>' instruction returns the bitwise logical inclusive
2412or of its two operands.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2413<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2414<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>or</tt>' instruction must be <a
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2415 href="#t_integer">integer</a> values. Both arguments must have
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2416identical types.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2417<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2418<p>The truth table used for the '<tt>or</tt>' instruction is:</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2419<p> </p>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2420<div style="align: center">
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2421<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
2422 <tbody>
2423 <tr>
2424 <td>In0</td>
2425 <td>In1</td>
2426 <td>Out</td>
2427 </tr>
2428 <tr>
2429 <td>0</td>
2430 <td>0</td>
2431 <td>0</td>
2432 </tr>
2433 <tr>
2434 <td>0</td>
2435 <td>1</td>
2436 <td>1</td>
2437 </tr>
2438 <tr>
2439 <td>1</td>
2440 <td>0</td>
2441 <td>1</td>
2442 </tr>
2443 <tr>
2444 <td>1</td>
2445 <td>1</td>
2446 <td>1</td>
2447 </tr>
2448 </tbody>
2449</table>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2450</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2451<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2452<pre> &lt;result&gt; = or i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 | %var</i>
2453 &lt;result&gt; = or i32 15, 40 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 47</i>
2454 &lt;result&gt; = or i32 4, 8 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 12</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2455</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2456</div>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2457<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2458<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_xor">'<tt>xor</tt>'
2459Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2460<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2461<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2462<pre> &lt;result&gt; = xor &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {ty}:result</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2463</pre>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2464<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2465<p>The '<tt>xor</tt>' instruction returns the bitwise logical exclusive
2466or of its two operands. The <tt>xor</tt> is used to implement the
2467"one's complement" operation, which is the "~" operator in C.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2468<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2469<p>The two arguments to the '<tt>xor</tt>' instruction must be <a
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2470 href="#t_integer">integer</a> values. Both arguments must have
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2471identical types.</p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2472<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2473<p>The truth table used for the '<tt>xor</tt>' instruction is:</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2474<p> </p>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2475<div style="align: center">
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2476<table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
2477 <tbody>
2478 <tr>
2479 <td>In0</td>
2480 <td>In1</td>
2481 <td>Out</td>
2482 </tr>
2483 <tr>
2484 <td>0</td>
2485 <td>0</td>
2486 <td>0</td>
2487 </tr>
2488 <tr>
2489 <td>0</td>
2490 <td>1</td>
2491 <td>1</td>
2492 </tr>
2493 <tr>
2494 <td>1</td>
2495 <td>0</td>
2496 <td>1</td>
2497 </tr>
2498 <tr>
2499 <td>1</td>
2500 <td>1</td>
2501 <td>0</td>
2502 </tr>
2503 </tbody>
2504</table>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]2505</div>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2506<p> </p>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2507<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2508<pre> &lt;result&gt; = xor i32 4, %var <i>; yields {i32}:result = 4 ^ %var</i>
2509 &lt;result&gt; = xor i32 15, 40 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 39</i>
2510 &lt;result&gt; = xor i32 4, 8 <i>; yields {i32}:result = 12</i>
2511 &lt;result&gt; = xor i32 %V, -1 <i>; yields {i32}:result = ~%V</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2512</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2513</div>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2514
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2515<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2516<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2517 <a name="vectorops">Vector Operations</a>
2518</div>
2519
2520<div class="doc_text">
2521
2522<p>LLVM supports several instructions to represent vector operations in a
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2523target-independent manner. These instructions cover the element-access and
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2524vector-specific operations needed to process vectors effectively. While LLVM
2525does directly support these vector operations, many sophisticated algorithms
2526will want to use target-specific intrinsics to take full advantage of a specific
2527target.</p>
2528
2529</div>
2530
2531<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2532<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2533 <a name="i_extractelement">'<tt>extractelement</tt>' Instruction</a>
2534</div>
2535
2536<div class="doc_text">
2537
2538<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2539
2540<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2541 &lt;result&gt; = extractelement &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt; &lt;val&gt;, i32 &lt;idx&gt; <i>; yields &lt;ty&gt;</i>
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2542</pre>
2543
2544<h5>Overview:</h5>
2545
2546<p>
2547The '<tt>extractelement</tt>' instruction extracts a single scalar
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2548element from a vector at a specified index.
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2549</p>
2550
2551
2552<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2553
2554<p>
2555The first operand of an '<tt>extractelement</tt>' instruction is a
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2556value of <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> type. The second operand is
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2557an index indicating the position from which to extract the element.
2558The index may be a variable.</p>
2559
2560<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2561
2562<p>
2563The result is a scalar of the same type as the element type of
2564<tt>val</tt>. Its value is the value at position <tt>idx</tt> of
2565<tt>val</tt>. If <tt>idx</tt> exceeds the length of <tt>val</tt>, the
2566results are undefined.
2567</p>
2568
2569<h5>Example:</h5>
2570
2571<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2572 %result = extractelement &lt;4 x i32&gt; %vec, i32 0 <i>; yields i32</i>
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2573</pre>
2574</div>
2575
2576
2577<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2578<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2579 <a name="i_insertelement">'<tt>insertelement</tt>' Instruction</a>
2580</div>
2581
2582<div class="doc_text">
2583
2584<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2585
2586<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2587 &lt;result&gt; = insertelement &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt; &lt;val&gt;, &lt;ty&gt; &lt;elt&gt, i32 &lt;idx&gt; <i>; yields &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt;</i>
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2588</pre>
2589
2590<h5>Overview:</h5>
2591
2592<p>
2593The '<tt>insertelement</tt>' instruction inserts a scalar
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2594element into a vector at a specified index.
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2595</p>
2596
2597
2598<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2599
2600<p>
2601The first operand of an '<tt>insertelement</tt>' instruction is a
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2602value of <a href="#t_vector">vector</a> type. The second operand is a
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2603scalar value whose type must equal the element type of the first
2604operand. The third operand is an index indicating the position at
2605which to insert the value. The index may be a variable.</p>
2606
2607<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2608
2609<p>
Reid Spencer485bad12007-02-15 03:07:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2610The result is a vector of the same type as <tt>val</tt>. Its
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2611element values are those of <tt>val</tt> except at position
2612<tt>idx</tt>, where it gets the value <tt>elt</tt>. If <tt>idx</tt>
2613exceeds the length of <tt>val</tt>, the results are undefined.
2614</p>
2615
2616<h5>Example:</h5>
2617
2618<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2619 %result = insertelement &lt;4 x i32&gt; %vec, i32 1, i32 0 <i>; yields &lt;4 x i32&gt;</i>
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2620</pre>
2621</div>
2622
2623<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
2624<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2625 <a name="i_shufflevector">'<tt>shufflevector</tt>' Instruction</a>
2626</div>
2627
2628<div class="doc_text">
2629
2630<h5>Syntax:</h5>
2631
2632<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2633 &lt;result&gt; = shufflevector &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt; &lt;v1&gt;, &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt; &lt;v2&gt;, &lt;n x i32&gt; &lt;mask&gt; <i>; yields &lt;n x &lt;ty&gt;&gt;</i>
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2634</pre>
2635
2636<h5>Overview:</h5>
2637
2638<p>
2639The '<tt>shufflevector</tt>' instruction constructs a permutation of elements
2640from two input vectors, returning a vector of the same type.
2641</p>
2642
2643<h5>Arguments:</h5>
2644
2645<p>
2646The first two operands of a '<tt>shufflevector</tt>' instruction are vectors
2647with types that match each other and types that match the result of the
2648instruction. The third argument is a shuffle mask, which has the same number
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2649of elements as the other vector type, but whose element type is always 'i32'.
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2650</p>
2651
2652<p>
2653The shuffle mask operand is required to be a constant vector with either
2654constant integer or undef values.
2655</p>
2656
2657<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2658
2659<p>
2660The elements of the two input vectors are numbered from left to right across
2661both of the vectors. The shuffle mask operand specifies, for each element of
2662the result vector, which element of the two input registers the result element
2663gets. The element selector may be undef (meaning "don't care") and the second
2664operand may be undef if performing a shuffle from only one vector.
2665</p>
2666
2667<h5>Example:</h5>
2668
2669<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2670 %result = shufflevector &lt;4 x i32&gt; %v1, &lt;4 x i32&gt; %v2,
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2671 &lt;4 x i32&gt; &lt;i32 0, i32 4, i32 1, i32 5&gt; <i>; yields &lt;4 x i32&gt;</i>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2672 %result = shufflevector &lt;4 x i32&gt; %v1, &lt;4 x i32&gt; undef,
2673 &lt;4 x i32&gt; &lt;i32 0, i32 1, i32 2, i32 3&gt; <i>; yields &lt;4 x i32&gt;</i> - Identity shuffle.
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2674</pre>
2675</div>
2676
Tanya Lattner09474292006-04-14 19:24:33 +0000[diff] [blame]2677
Chris Lattner3df241e2006-04-08 23:07:04 +0000[diff] [blame]2678<!-- ======================================================================= -->
2679<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner884a9702006-08-15 00:45:58 +0000[diff] [blame]2680 <a name="memoryops">Memory Access and Addressing Operations</a>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2681</div>
2682
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2683<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2684
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2685<p>A key design point of an SSA-based representation is how it
2686represents memory. In LLVM, no memory locations are in SSA form, which
2687makes things very simple. This section describes how to read, write,
John Criswell9e2485c2004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]2688allocate, and free memory in LLVM.</p>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2689
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2690</div>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2691
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2692<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2693<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2694 <a name="i_malloc">'<tt>malloc</tt>' Instruction</a>
2695</div>
2696
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2697<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2698
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2699<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2700
2701<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2702 &lt;result&gt; = malloc &lt;type&gt;[, i32 &lt;NumElements&gt;][, align &lt;alignment&gt;] <i>; yields {type*}:result</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2703</pre>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2704
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2705<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2706
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2707<p>The '<tt>malloc</tt>' instruction allocates memory from the system
Christopher Lamb303dae92007-12-17 01:00:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2708heap and returns a pointer to it. The object is always allocated in the generic
2709address space (address space zero).</p>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2710
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2711<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2712
2713<p>The '<tt>malloc</tt>' instruction allocates
2714<tt>sizeof(&lt;type&gt;)*NumElements</tt>
John Criswell6e4ca612004-02-24 16:13:56 +0000[diff] [blame]2715bytes of memory from the operating system and returns a pointer of the
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2716appropriate type to the program. If "NumElements" is specified, it is the
2717number of elements allocated. If an alignment is specified, the value result
2718of the allocation is guaranteed to be aligned to at least that boundary. If
2719not specified, or if zero, the target can choose to align the allocation on any
2720convenient boundary.</p>
2721
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2722<p>'<tt>type</tt>' must be a sized type.</p>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2723
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2724<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2725
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2726<p>Memory is allocated using the system "<tt>malloc</tt>" function, and
2727a pointer is returned.</p>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2728
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2729<h5>Example:</h5>
2730
2731<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2732 %array = malloc [4 x i8 ] <i>; yields {[%4 x i8]*}:array</i>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2733
Bill Wendlingaac388b2007-05-29 09:42:13 +0000[diff] [blame]2734 %size = <a href="#i_add">add</a> i32 2, 2 <i>; yields {i32}:size = i32 4</i>
2735 %array1 = malloc i8, i32 4 <i>; yields {i8*}:array1</i>
2736 %array2 = malloc [12 x i8], i32 %size <i>; yields {[12 x i8]*}:array2</i>
2737 %array3 = malloc i32, i32 4, align 1024 <i>; yields {i32*}:array3</i>
2738 %array4 = malloc i32, align 1024 <i>; yields {i32*}:array4</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2739</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2740</div>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2741
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2742<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2743<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2744 <a name="i_free">'<tt>free</tt>' Instruction</a>
2745</div>
2746
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2747<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2748
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2749<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2750
2751<pre>
2752 free &lt;type&gt; &lt;value&gt; <i>; yields {void}</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2753</pre>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2754
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2755<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2756
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2757<p>The '<tt>free</tt>' instruction returns memory back to the unused
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2758memory heap to be reallocated in the future.</p>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2759
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2760<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2761
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2762<p>'<tt>value</tt>' shall be a pointer value that points to a value
2763that was allocated with the '<tt><a href="#i_malloc">malloc</a></tt>'
2764instruction.</p>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2765
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2766<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2767
John Criswell9e2485c2004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]2768<p>Access to the memory pointed to by the pointer is no longer defined
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2769after this instruction executes.</p>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2770
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2771<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2772
2773<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2774 %array = <a href="#i_malloc">malloc</a> [4 x i8] <i>; yields {[4 x i8]*}:array</i>
2775 free [4 x i8]* %array
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2776</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2777</div>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2778
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2779<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2780<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2781 <a name="i_alloca">'<tt>alloca</tt>' Instruction</a>
2782</div>
2783
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2784<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2785
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2786<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2787
2788<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2789 &lt;result&gt; = alloca &lt;type&gt;[, i32 &lt;NumElements&gt;][, align &lt;alignment&gt;] <i>; yields {type*}:result</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2790</pre>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2791
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2792<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2793
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2794<p>The '<tt>alloca</tt>' instruction allocates memory on the stack frame of the
2795currently executing function, to be automatically released when this function
Christopher Lamb303dae92007-12-17 01:00:21 +0000[diff] [blame]2796returns to its caller. The object is always allocated in the generic address
2797space (address space zero).</p>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2798
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2799<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2800
John Criswell9e2485c2004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]2801<p>The '<tt>alloca</tt>' instruction allocates <tt>sizeof(&lt;type&gt;)*NumElements</tt>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2802bytes of memory on the runtime stack, returning a pointer of the
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2803appropriate type to the program. If "NumElements" is specified, it is the
2804number of elements allocated. If an alignment is specified, the value result
2805of the allocation is guaranteed to be aligned to at least that boundary. If
2806not specified, or if zero, the target can choose to align the allocation on any
2807convenient boundary.</p>
2808
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2809<p>'<tt>type</tt>' may be any sized type.</p>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2810
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2811<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2812
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2813<p>Memory is allocated; a pointer is returned. '<tt>alloca</tt>'d
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2814memory is automatically released when the function returns. The '<tt>alloca</tt>'
2815instruction is commonly used to represent automatic variables that must
2816have an address available. When the function returns (either with the <tt><a
John Criswelldae2e932005-05-12 16:55:34 +0000[diff] [blame]2817 href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt> or <tt><a href="#i_unwind">unwind</a></tt>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2818instructions), the memory is reclaimed.</p>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2819
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2820<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2821
2822<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2823 %ptr = alloca i32 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2824 %ptr = alloca i32, i32 4 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
2825 %ptr = alloca i32, i32 4, align 1024 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2826 %ptr = alloca i32, align 1024 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2827</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2828</div>
Chris Lattner2cbdc452005-11-06 08:02:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2829
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2830<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2831<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_load">'<tt>load</tt>'
2832Instruction</a> </div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2833<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2834<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Christopher Lamb2330e4d2007-04-21 08:16:25 +0000[diff] [blame]2835<pre> &lt;result&gt; = load &lt;ty&gt;* &lt;pointer&gt;[, align &lt;alignment&gt;]<br> &lt;result&gt; = volatile load &lt;ty&gt;* &lt;pointer&gt;[, align &lt;alignment&gt;]<br></pre>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2836<h5>Overview:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2837<p>The '<tt>load</tt>' instruction is used to read from memory.</p>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2838<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2839<p>The argument to the '<tt>load</tt>' instruction specifies the memory
John Criswell0ec250c2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]2840address from which to load. The pointer must point to a <a
Chris Lattnere53e5082004-06-03 22:57:15 +0000[diff] [blame]2841 href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type. If the <tt>load</tt> is
John Criswell0ec250c2005-10-24 16:17:18 +0000[diff] [blame]2842marked as <tt>volatile</tt>, then the optimizer is not allowed to modify
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2843the number or order of execution of this <tt>load</tt> with other
2844volatile <tt>load</tt> and <tt><a href="#i_store">store</a></tt>
2845instructions. </p>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2846<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2847<p>The location of memory pointed to is loaded.</p>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2848<h5>Examples:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2849<pre> %ptr = <a href="#i_alloca">alloca</a> i32 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2850 <a
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2851 href="#i_store">store</a> i32 3, i32* %ptr <i>; yields {void}</i>
2852 %val = load i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:val = i32 3</i>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2853</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2854</div>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2855<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2856<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_store">'<tt>store</tt>'
2857Instruction</a> </div>
Reid Spencer035ab572006-11-09 21:18:01 +0000[diff] [blame]2858<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2859<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Christopher Lamb2330e4d2007-04-21 08:16:25 +0000[diff] [blame]2860<pre> store &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt;, &lt;ty&gt;* &lt;pointer&gt;[, align &lt;alignment&gt;] <i>; yields {void}</i>
2861 volatile store &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt;, &lt;ty&gt;* &lt;pointer&gt;[, align &lt;alignment&gt;] <i>; yields {void}</i>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2862</pre>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2863<h5>Overview:</h5>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2864<p>The '<tt>store</tt>' instruction is used to write to memory.</p>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2865<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2866<p>There are two arguments to the '<tt>store</tt>' instruction: a value
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2867to store and an address at which to store it. The type of the '<tt>&lt;pointer&gt;</tt>'
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2868operand must be a pointer to the type of the '<tt>&lt;value&gt;</tt>'
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2869operand. If the <tt>store</tt> is marked as <tt>volatile</tt>, then the
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2870optimizer is not allowed to modify the number or order of execution of
2871this <tt>store</tt> with other volatile <tt>load</tt> and <tt><a
2872 href="#i_store">store</a></tt> instructions.</p>
2873<h5>Semantics:</h5>
2874<p>The contents of memory are updated to contain '<tt>&lt;value&gt;</tt>'
2875at the location specified by the '<tt>&lt;pointer&gt;</tt>' operand.</p>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2876<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2877<pre> %ptr = <a href="#i_alloca">alloca</a> i32 <i>; yields {i32*}:ptr</i>
Bill Wendling8c6c72d2007-10-22 05:10:05 +0000[diff] [blame]2878 store i32 3, i32* %ptr <i>; yields {void}</i>
2879 %val = <a href="#i_load">load</a> i32* %ptr <i>; yields {i32}:val = i32 3</i>
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2880</pre>
Reid Spencer47ce1792006-11-09 21:15:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2881</div>
2882
Chris Lattner2b7d3202002-05-06 03:03:22 +0000[diff] [blame]2883<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2884<div class="doc_subsubsection">
2885 <a name="i_getelementptr">'<tt>getelementptr</tt>' Instruction</a>
2886</div>
2887
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2888<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]2889<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2890<pre>
2891 &lt;result&gt; = getelementptr &lt;ty&gt;* &lt;ptrval&gt;{, &lt;ty&gt; &lt;idx&gt;}*
2892</pre>
2893
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]2894<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2895
2896<p>
2897The '<tt>getelementptr</tt>' instruction is used to get the address of a
2898subelement of an aggregate data structure.</p>
2899
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]2900<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2901
Reid Spencer85f5b5b2006-12-04 21:29:24 +0000[diff] [blame]2902<p>This instruction takes a list of integer operands that indicate what
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2903elements of the aggregate object to index to. The actual types of the arguments
2904provided depend on the type of the first pointer argument. The
2905'<tt>getelementptr</tt>' instruction is used to index down through the type
John Criswellfc6b8952005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]2906levels of a structure or to a specific index in an array. When indexing into a
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2907structure, only <tt>i32</tt> integer constants are allowed. When indexing
Reid Spencer85f5b5b2006-12-04 21:29:24 +0000[diff] [blame]2908into an array or pointer, only integers of 32 or 64 bits are allowed, and will
2909be sign extended to 64-bit values.</p>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2910
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2911<p>For example, let's consider a C code fragment and how it gets
2912compiled to LLVM:</p>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2913
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2914<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2915<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2916struct RT {
2917 char A;
Chris Lattnercabc8462007-05-29 15:43:56 +0000[diff] [blame]2918 int B[10][20];
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2919 char C;
2920};
2921struct ST {
Chris Lattnercabc8462007-05-29 15:43:56 +0000[diff] [blame]2922 int X;
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2923 double Y;
2924 struct RT Z;
2925};
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2926
Chris Lattnercabc8462007-05-29 15:43:56 +0000[diff] [blame]2927int *foo(struct ST *s) {
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2928 return &amp;s[1].Z.B[5][13];
2929}
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2930</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2931</div>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2932
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2933<p>The LLVM code generated by the GCC frontend is:</p>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2934
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2935<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2936<pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2937%RT = type { i8 , [10 x [20 x i32]], i8 }
2938%ST = type { i32, double, %RT }
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2939
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2940define i32* %foo(%ST* %s) {
2941entry:
2942 %reg = getelementptr %ST* %s, i32 1, i32 2, i32 1, i32 5, i32 13
2943 ret i32* %reg
2944}
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2945</pre>
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2946</div>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2947
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]2948<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2949
2950<p>The index types specified for the '<tt>getelementptr</tt>' instruction depend
John Criswellc1f786c2005-05-13 22:25:59 +0000[diff] [blame]2951on the pointer type that is being indexed into. <a href="#t_pointer">Pointer</a>
Reid Spencer85f5b5b2006-12-04 21:29:24 +0000[diff] [blame]2952and <a href="#t_array">array</a> types can use a 32-bit or 64-bit
Reid Spencer42ddd842006-12-03 16:53:48 +0000[diff] [blame]2953<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type but the value will always be sign extended
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2954to 64-bits. <a href="#t_struct">Structure</a> types require <tt>i32</tt>
Reid Spencer42ddd842006-12-03 16:53:48 +0000[diff] [blame]2955<b>constants</b>.</p>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2956
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]2957<p>In the example above, the first index is indexing into the '<tt>%ST*</tt>'
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2958type, which is a pointer, yielding a '<tt>%ST</tt>' = '<tt>{ i32, double, %RT
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2959}</tt>' type, a structure. The second index indexes into the third element of
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2960the structure, yielding a '<tt>%RT</tt>' = '<tt>{ i8 , [10 x [20 x i32]],
2961i8 }</tt>' type, another structure. The third index indexes into the second
2962element of the structure, yielding a '<tt>[10 x [20 x i32]]</tt>' type, an
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2963array. The two dimensions of the array are subscripted into, yielding an
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2964'<tt>i32</tt>' type. The '<tt>getelementptr</tt>' instruction returns a pointer
2965to this element, thus computing a value of '<tt>i32*</tt>' type.</p>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2966
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]2967<p>Note that it is perfectly legal to index partially through a
2968structure, returning a pointer to an inner element. Because of this,
2969the LLVM code for the given testcase is equivalent to:</p>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2970
2971<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2972 define i32* %foo(%ST* %s) {
2973 %t1 = getelementptr %ST* %s, i32 1 <i>; yields %ST*:%t1</i>
Jeff Cohen6f1cc772007-04-22 01:17:39 +0000[diff] [blame]2974 %t2 = getelementptr %ST* %t1, i32 0, i32 2 <i>; yields %RT*:%t2</i>
2975 %t3 = getelementptr %RT* %t2, i32 0, i32 1 <i>; yields [10 x [20 x i32]]*:%t3</i>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2976 %t4 = getelementptr [10 x [20 x i32]]* %t3, i32 0, i32 5 <i>; yields [20 x i32]*:%t4</i>
2977 %t5 = getelementptr [20 x i32]* %t4, i32 0, i32 13 <i>; yields i32*:%t5</i>
2978 ret i32* %t5
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2979 }
Chris Lattner6536cfe2002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]2980</pre>
Chris Lattnere67a9512005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2981
2982<p>Note that it is undefined to access an array out of bounds: array and
2983pointer indexes must always be within the defined bounds of the array type.
2984The one exception for this rules is zero length arrays. These arrays are
2985defined to be accessible as variable length arrays, which requires access
2986beyond the zero'th element.</p>
2987
Chris Lattner884a9702006-08-15 00:45:58 +0000[diff] [blame]2988<p>The getelementptr instruction is often confusing. For some more insight
2989into how it works, see <a href="GetElementPtr.html">the getelementptr
2990FAQ</a>.</p>
2991
Chris Lattner7faa8832002-04-14 06:13:44 +0000[diff] [blame]2992<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnere67a9512005-06-24 17:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]2993
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2994<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]2995 <i>; yields [12 x i8]*:aptr</i>
2996 %aptr = getelementptr {i32, [12 x i8]}* %sptr, i64 0, i32 1
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2997</pre>
Chris Lattnerf74d5c72004-04-05 01:30:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2998</div>
Reid Spencer47ce1792006-11-09 21:15:49 +0000[diff] [blame]2999
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3000<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Reid Spencer2fd21e62006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3001<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="convertops">Conversion Operations</a>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3002</div>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3003<div class="doc_text">
Reid Spencer2fd21e62006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3004<p>The instructions in this category are the conversion instructions (casting)
3005which all take a single operand and a type. They perform various bit conversions
3006on the operand.</p>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3007</div>
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3008
Chris Lattner6536cfe2002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]3009<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3010<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3011 <a name="i_trunc">'<tt>trunc .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3012</div>
3013<div class="doc_text">
3014
3015<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3016<pre>
3017 &lt;result&gt; = trunc &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3018</pre>
3019
3020<h5>Overview:</h5>
3021<p>
3022The '<tt>trunc</tt>' instruction truncates its operand to the type <tt>ty2</tt>.
3023</p>
3024
3025<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3026<p>
3027The '<tt>trunc</tt>' instruction takes a <tt>value</tt> to trunc, which must
3028be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type, and a type that specifies the size
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]3029and type of the result, which must be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3030type. The bit size of <tt>value</tt> must be larger than the bit size of
3031<tt>ty2</tt>. Equal sized types are not allowed.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3032
3033<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3034<p>
3035The '<tt>trunc</tt>' instruction truncates the high order bits in <tt>value</tt>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3036and converts the remaining bits to <tt>ty2</tt>. Since the source size must be
3037larger than the destination size, <tt>trunc</tt> cannot be a <i>no-op cast</i>.
3038It will always truncate bits.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3039
3040<h5>Example:</h5>
3041<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3042 %X = trunc i32 257 to i8 <i>; yields i8:1</i>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3043 %Y = trunc i32 123 to i1 <i>; yields i1:true</i>
3044 %Y = trunc i32 122 to i1 <i>; yields i1:false</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3045</pre>
3046</div>
3047
3048<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3049<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3050 <a name="i_zext">'<tt>zext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3051</div>
3052<div class="doc_text">
3053
3054<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3055<pre>
3056 &lt;result&gt; = zext &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3057</pre>
3058
3059<h5>Overview:</h5>
3060<p>The '<tt>zext</tt>' instruction zero extends its operand to type
3061<tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3062
3063
3064<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3065<p>The '<tt>zext</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be of
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]3066<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type, and a type to cast it to, which must
3067also be of <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type. The bit size of the
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3068<tt>value</tt> must be smaller than the bit size of the destination type,
3069<tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3070
3071<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3072<p>The <tt>zext</tt> fills the high order bits of the <tt>value</tt> with zero
Chris Lattnerd1d25172007-05-24 19:13:27 +0000[diff] [blame]3073bits until it reaches the size of the destination type, <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3074
Reid Spencerb5929522007-01-12 15:46:11 +0000[diff] [blame]3075<p>When zero extending from i1, the result will always be either 0 or 1.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3076
3077<h5>Example:</h5>
3078<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3079 %X = zext i32 257 to i64 <i>; yields i64:257</i>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3080 %Y = zext i1 true to i32 <i>; yields i32:1</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3081</pre>
3082</div>
3083
3084<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3085<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3086 <a name="i_sext">'<tt>sext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3087</div>
3088<div class="doc_text">
3089
3090<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3091<pre>
3092 &lt;result&gt; = sext &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3093</pre>
3094
3095<h5>Overview:</h5>
3096<p>The '<tt>sext</tt>' sign extends <tt>value</tt> to the type <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3097
3098<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3099<p>
3100The '<tt>sext</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be of
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]3101<a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type, and a type to cast it to, which must
3102also be of <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type. The bit size of the
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3103<tt>value</tt> must be smaller than the bit size of the destination type,
3104<tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3105
3106<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3107<p>
3108The '<tt>sext</tt>' instruction performs a sign extension by copying the sign
3109bit (highest order bit) of the <tt>value</tt> until it reaches the bit size of
Chris Lattnerd1d25172007-05-24 19:13:27 +0000[diff] [blame]3110the type <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3111
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3112<p>When sign extending from i1, the extension always results in -1 or 0.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3113
3114<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3115<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3116 %X = sext i8 -1 to i16 <i>; yields i16 :65535</i>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3117 %Y = sext i1 true to i32 <i>; yields i32:-1</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3118</pre>
3119</div>
3120
3121<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3122<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer3fa91b02006-11-09 21:48:10 +0000[diff] [blame]3123 <a name="i_fptrunc">'<tt>fptrunc .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3124</div>
3125
3126<div class="doc_text">
3127
3128<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3129
3130<pre>
3131 &lt;result&gt; = fptrunc &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3132</pre>
3133
3134<h5>Overview:</h5>
3135<p>The '<tt>fptrunc</tt>' instruction truncates <tt>value</tt> to type
3136<tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3137
3138
3139<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3140<p>The '<tt>fptrunc</tt>' instruction takes a <a href="#t_floating">floating
3141 point</a> value to cast and a <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type to
3142cast it to. The size of <tt>value</tt> must be larger than the size of
3143<tt>ty2</tt>. This implies that <tt>fptrunc</tt> cannot be used to make a
3144<i>no-op cast</i>.</p>
3145
3146<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3147<p> The '<tt>fptrunc</tt>' instruction truncates a <tt>value</tt> from a larger
3148<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type to a smaller
3149<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type. If the value cannot fit within
3150the destination type, <tt>ty2</tt>, then the results are undefined.</p>
Reid Spencer3fa91b02006-11-09 21:48:10 +0000[diff] [blame]3151
3152<h5>Example:</h5>
3153<pre>
3154 %X = fptrunc double 123.0 to float <i>; yields float:123.0</i>
3155 %Y = fptrunc double 1.0E+300 to float <i>; yields undefined</i>
3156</pre>
3157</div>
3158
3159<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3160<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3161 <a name="i_fpext">'<tt>fpext .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3162</div>
3163<div class="doc_text">
3164
3165<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3166<pre>
3167 &lt;result&gt; = fpext &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3168</pre>
3169
3170<h5>Overview:</h5>
3171<p>The '<tt>fpext</tt>' extends a floating point <tt>value</tt> to a larger
3172floating point value.</p>
3173
3174<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3175<p>The '<tt>fpext</tt>' instruction takes a
3176<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> <tt>value</tt> to cast,
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3177and a <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type to cast it to. The source
3178type must be smaller than the destination type.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3179
3180<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3181<p>The '<tt>fpext</tt>' instruction extends the <tt>value</tt> from a smaller
Duncan Sands8036ca42007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3182<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type to a larger
3183<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> type. The <tt>fpext</tt> cannot be
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3184used to make a <i>no-op cast</i> because it always changes bits. Use
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3185<tt>bitcast</tt> to make a <i>no-op cast</i> for a floating point cast.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3186
3187<h5>Example:</h5>
3188<pre>
3189 %X = fpext float 3.1415 to double <i>; yields double:3.1415</i>
3190 %Y = fpext float 1.0 to float <i>; yields float:1.0 (no-op)</i>
3191</pre>
3192</div>
3193
3194<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3195<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer24d6da52007-01-21 00:29:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3196 <a name="i_fptoui">'<tt>fptoui .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3197</div>
3198<div class="doc_text">
3199
3200<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3201<pre>
Reid Spencer1539a1c2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3202 &lt;result&gt; = fptoui &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3203</pre>
3204
3205<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencer1539a1c2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3206<p>The '<tt>fptoui</tt>' converts a floating point <tt>value</tt> to its
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3207unsigned integer equivalent of type <tt>ty2</tt>.
3208</p>
3209
3210<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Reid Spencer1539a1c2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3211<p>The '<tt>fptoui</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be a
Nate Begemanb348d182007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3212scalar or vector <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> value, and a type
3213to cast it to <tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a>
3214type. If <tt>ty</tt> is a vector floating point type, <tt>ty2</tt> must be a
3215vector integer type with the same number of elements as <tt>ty</tt></p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3216
3217<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer1539a1c2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3218<p> The '<tt>fptoui</tt>' instruction converts its
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3219<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> operand into the nearest (rounding
3220towards zero) unsigned integer value. If the value cannot fit in <tt>ty2</tt>,
3221the results are undefined.</p>
3222
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3223<h5>Example:</h5>
3224<pre>
Reid Spencer1539a1c2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3225 %X = fptoui double 123.0 to i32 <i>; yields i32:123</i>
Chris Lattner88519042007-09-22 03:17:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3226 %Y = fptoui float 1.0E+300 to i1 <i>; yields undefined:1</i>
Reid Spencer1539a1c2007-07-31 14:40:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3227 %X = fptoui float 1.04E+17 to i8 <i>; yields undefined:1</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3228</pre>
3229</div>
3230
3231<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3232<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3233 <a name="i_fptosi">'<tt>fptosi .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3234</div>
3235<div class="doc_text">
3236
3237<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3238<pre>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3239 &lt;result&gt; = fptosi &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3240</pre>
3241
3242<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3243<p>The '<tt>fptosi</tt>' instruction converts
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3244<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> <tt>value</tt> to type <tt>ty2</tt>.
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3245</p>
3246
Chris Lattner6536cfe2002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]3247<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3248<p> The '<tt>fptosi</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be a
Nate Begemanb348d182007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3249scalar or vector <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> value, and a type
3250to cast it to <tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a>
3251type. If <tt>ty</tt> is a vector floating point type, <tt>ty2</tt> must be a
3252vector integer type with the same number of elements as <tt>ty</tt></p>
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3253
Chris Lattner6536cfe2002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]3254<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3255<p>The '<tt>fptosi</tt>' instruction converts its
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3256<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> operand into the nearest (rounding
3257towards zero) signed integer value. If the value cannot fit in <tt>ty2</tt>,
3258the results are undefined.</p>
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3259
Chris Lattner33ba0d92001-07-09 00:26:23 +0000[diff] [blame]3260<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3261<pre>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3262 %X = fptosi double -123.0 to i32 <i>; yields i32:-123</i>
Chris Lattner88519042007-09-22 03:17:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3263 %Y = fptosi float 1.0E-247 to i1 <i>; yields undefined:1</i>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3264 %X = fptosi float 1.04E+17 to i8 <i>; yields undefined:1</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3265</pre>
3266</div>
3267
3268<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3269<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3270 <a name="i_uitofp">'<tt>uitofp .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3271</div>
3272<div class="doc_text">
3273
3274<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3275<pre>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3276 &lt;result&gt; = uitofp &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3277</pre>
3278
3279<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3280<p>The '<tt>uitofp</tt>' instruction regards <tt>value</tt> as an unsigned
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3281integer and converts that value to the <tt>ty2</tt> type.</p>
3282
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3283<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Nate Begemanb348d182007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3284<p>The '<tt>uitofp</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be a
3285scalar or vector <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> value, and a type to cast it
3286to <tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>
3287type. If <tt>ty</tt> is a vector integer type, <tt>ty2</tt> must be a vector
3288floating point type with the same number of elements as <tt>ty</tt></p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3289
3290<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3291<p>The '<tt>uitofp</tt>' instruction interprets its operand as an unsigned
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3292integer quantity and converts it to the corresponding floating point value. If
Jeff Cohencb757312007-04-22 14:56:37 +0000[diff] [blame]3293the value cannot fit in the floating point value, the results are undefined.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3294
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3295<h5>Example:</h5>
3296<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3297 %X = uitofp i32 257 to float <i>; yields float:257.0</i>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3298 %Y = uitofp i8 -1 to double <i>; yields double:255.0</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3299</pre>
3300</div>
3301
3302<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3303<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3304 <a name="i_sitofp">'<tt>sitofp .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3305</div>
3306<div class="doc_text">
3307
3308<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3309<pre>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3310 &lt;result&gt; = sitofp &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3311</pre>
3312
3313<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3314<p>The '<tt>sitofp</tt>' instruction regards <tt>value</tt> as a signed
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3315integer and converts that value to the <tt>ty2</tt> type.</p>
3316
3317<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Nate Begemanb348d182007-11-17 03:58:34 +0000[diff] [blame]3318<p>The '<tt>sitofp</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be a
3319scalar or vector <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> value, and a type to cast it
3320to <tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_floating">floating point</a>
3321type. If <tt>ty</tt> is a vector integer type, <tt>ty2</tt> must be a vector
3322floating point type with the same number of elements as <tt>ty</tt></p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3323
3324<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencerd4448792006-11-09 23:03:26 +0000[diff] [blame]3325<p>The '<tt>sitofp</tt>' instruction interprets its operand as a signed
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3326integer quantity and converts it to the corresponding floating point value. If
Jeff Cohencb757312007-04-22 14:56:37 +0000[diff] [blame]3327the value cannot fit in the floating point value, the results are undefined.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3328
3329<h5>Example:</h5>
3330<pre>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3331 %X = sitofp i32 257 to float <i>; yields float:257.0</i>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3332 %Y = sitofp i8 -1 to double <i>; yields double:-1.0</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3333</pre>
3334</div>
3335
3336<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3337<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer72679252006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3338 <a name="i_ptrtoint">'<tt>ptrtoint .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3339</div>
3340<div class="doc_text">
3341
3342<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3343<pre>
3344 &lt;result&gt; = ptrtoint &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3345</pre>
3346
3347<h5>Overview:</h5>
3348<p>The '<tt>ptrtoint</tt>' instruction converts the pointer <tt>value</tt> to
3349the integer type <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3350
3351<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3352<p>The '<tt>ptrtoint</tt>' instruction takes a <tt>value</tt> to cast, which
Duncan Sands8036ca42007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3353must be a <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> value, and a type to cast it to
Reid Spencer72679252006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3354<tt>ty2</tt>, which must be an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> type.
3355
3356<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3357<p>The '<tt>ptrtoint</tt>' instruction converts <tt>value</tt> to integer type
3358<tt>ty2</tt> by interpreting the pointer value as an integer and either
3359truncating or zero extending that value to the size of the integer type. If
3360<tt>value</tt> is smaller than <tt>ty2</tt> then a zero extension is done. If
3361<tt>value</tt> is larger than <tt>ty2</tt> then a truncation is done. If they
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3362are the same size, then nothing is done (<i>no-op cast</i>) other than a type
3363change.</p>
Reid Spencer72679252006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3364
3365<h5>Example:</h5>
3366<pre>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3367 %X = ptrtoint i32* %X to i8 <i>; yields truncation on 32-bit architecture</i>
3368 %Y = ptrtoint i32* %x to i64 <i>; yields zero extension on 32-bit architecture</i>
Reid Spencer72679252006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3369</pre>
3370</div>
3371
3372<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3373<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3374 <a name="i_inttoptr">'<tt>inttoptr .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
3375</div>
3376<div class="doc_text">
3377
3378<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3379<pre>
3380 &lt;result&gt; = inttoptr &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
3381</pre>
3382
3383<h5>Overview:</h5>
3384<p>The '<tt>inttoptr</tt>' instruction converts an integer <tt>value</tt> to
3385a pointer type, <tt>ty2</tt>.</p>
3386
3387<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Duncan Sands8036ca42007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3388<p>The '<tt>inttoptr</tt>' instruction takes an <a href="#t_integer">integer</a>
Reid Spencer72679252006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3389value to cast, and a type to cast it to, which must be a
Anton Korobeynikov7f705592007-01-12 19:20:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3390<a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> type.
Reid Spencer72679252006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3391
3392<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3393<p>The '<tt>inttoptr</tt>' instruction converts <tt>value</tt> to type
3394<tt>ty2</tt> by applying either a zero extension or a truncation depending on
3395the size of the integer <tt>value</tt>. If <tt>value</tt> is larger than the
3396size of a pointer then a truncation is done. If <tt>value</tt> is smaller than
3397the size of a pointer then a zero extension is done. If they are the same size,
3398nothing is done (<i>no-op cast</i>).</p>
3399
3400<h5>Example:</h5>
3401<pre>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3402 %X = inttoptr i32 255 to i32* <i>; yields zero extension on 64-bit architecture</i>
3403 %X = inttoptr i32 255 to i32* <i>; yields no-op on 32-bit architecture</i>
3404 %Y = inttoptr i64 0 to i32* <i>; yields truncation on 32-bit architecture</i>
Reid Spencer72679252006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3405</pre>
3406</div>
3407
3408<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3409<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3410 <a name="i_bitcast">'<tt>bitcast .. to</tt>' Instruction</a>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3411</div>
3412<div class="doc_text">
3413
3414<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3415<pre>
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3416 &lt;result&gt; = bitcast &lt;ty&gt; &lt;value&gt; to &lt;ty2&gt; <i>; yields ty2</i>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3417</pre>
3418
3419<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3420<p>The '<tt>bitcast</tt>' instruction converts <tt>value</tt> to type
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3421<tt>ty2</tt> without changing any bits.</p>
3422
3423<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3424<p>The '<tt>bitcast</tt>' instruction takes a value to cast, which must be
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3425a first class value, and a type to cast it to, which must also be a <a
3426 href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type. The bit sizes of <tt>value</tt>
Reid Spencer19b569f2007-01-09 20:08:58 +0000[diff] [blame]3427and the destination type, <tt>ty2</tt>, must be identical. If the source
3428type is a pointer, the destination type must also be a pointer.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3429
3430<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencer5c0ef472006-11-11 23:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3431<p>The '<tt>bitcast</tt>' instruction converts <tt>value</tt> to type
Reid Spencer72679252006-11-11 21:00:47 +0000[diff] [blame]3432<tt>ty2</tt>. It is always a <i>no-op cast</i> because no bits change with
3433this conversion. The conversion is done as if the <tt>value</tt> had been
3434stored to memory and read back as type <tt>ty2</tt>. Pointer types may only be
3435converted to other pointer types with this instruction. To convert pointers to
3436other types, use the <a href="#i_inttoptr">inttoptr</a> or
3437<a href="#i_ptrtoint">ptrtoint</a> instructions first.</p>
Reid Spencer9dee3ac2006-11-08 01:11:31 +0000[diff] [blame]3438
3439<h5>Example:</h5>
3440<pre>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3441 %X = bitcast i8 255 to i8 <i>; yields i8 :-1</i>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3442 %Y = bitcast i32* %x to sint* <i>; yields sint*:%x</i>
3443 %Z = bitcast <2xint> %V to i64; <i>; yields i64: %V</i>
Chris Lattner33ba0d92001-07-09 00:26:23 +0000[diff] [blame]3444</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3445</div>
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3446
Reid Spencer2fd21e62006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3447<!-- ======================================================================= -->
3448<div class="doc_subsection"> <a name="otherops">Other Operations</a> </div>
3449<div class="doc_text">
3450<p>The instructions in this category are the "miscellaneous"
3451instructions, which defy better classification.</p>
3452</div>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3453
3454<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3455<div class="doc_subsubsection"><a name="i_icmp">'<tt>icmp</tt>' Instruction</a>
3456</div>
3457<div class="doc_text">
3458<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3459<pre> &lt;result&gt; = icmp &lt;cond&gt; &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {i1}:result</i>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3460</pre>
3461<h5>Overview:</h5>
3462<p>The '<tt>icmp</tt>' instruction returns a boolean value based on comparison
3463of its two integer operands.</p>
3464<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3465<p>The '<tt>icmp</tt>' instruction takes three operands. The first operand is
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3466the condition code indicating the kind of comparison to perform. It is not
3467a value, just a keyword. The possible condition code are:
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3468<ol>
3469 <li><tt>eq</tt>: equal</li>
3470 <li><tt>ne</tt>: not equal </li>
3471 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: unsigned greater than</li>
3472 <li><tt>uge</tt>: unsigned greater or equal</li>
3473 <li><tt>ult</tt>: unsigned less than</li>
3474 <li><tt>ule</tt>: unsigned less or equal</li>
3475 <li><tt>sgt</tt>: signed greater than</li>
3476 <li><tt>sge</tt>: signed greater or equal</li>
3477 <li><tt>slt</tt>: signed less than</li>
3478 <li><tt>sle</tt>: signed less or equal</li>
3479</ol>
Chris Lattner3b19d652007-01-15 01:54:13 +0000[diff] [blame]3480<p>The remaining two arguments must be <a href="#t_integer">integer</a> or
Reid Spencer350f8aa2007-01-04 05:19:58 +0000[diff] [blame]3481<a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> typed. They must also be identical types.</p>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3482<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3483<p>The '<tt>icmp</tt>' compares <tt>var1</tt> and <tt>var2</tt> according to
3484the condition code given as <tt>cond</tt>. The comparison performed always
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3485yields a <a href="#t_primitive">i1</a> result, as follows:
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3486<ol>
3487 <li><tt>eq</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if the operands are equal,
3488 <tt>false</tt> otherwise. No sign interpretation is necessary or performed.
3489 </li>
3490 <li><tt>ne</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if the operands are unequal,
3491 <tt>false</tt> otherwise. No sign interpretation is necessary or performed.
3492 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: interprets the operands as unsigned values and yields
3493 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>var1</tt> is greater than <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
3494 <li><tt>uge</tt>: interprets the operands as unsigned values and yields
3495 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>var1</tt> is greater than or equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
3496 <li><tt>ult</tt>: interprets the operands as unsigned values and yields
3497 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>var1</tt> is less than <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
3498 <li><tt>ule</tt>: interprets the operands as unsigned values and yields
3499 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>var1</tt> is less than or equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
3500 <li><tt>sgt</tt>: interprets the operands as signed values and yields
3501 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>var1</tt> is greater than <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
3502 <li><tt>sge</tt>: interprets the operands as signed values and yields
3503 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>var1</tt> is greater than or equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
3504 <li><tt>slt</tt>: interprets the operands as signed values and yields
3505 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>var1</tt> is less than <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
3506 <li><tt>sle</tt>: interprets the operands as signed values and yields
3507 <tt>true</tt> if <tt>var1</tt> is less than or equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3508</ol>
3509<p>If the operands are <a href="#t_pointer">pointer</a> typed, the pointer
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3510values are compared as if they were integers.</p>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3511
3512<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3513<pre> &lt;result&gt; = icmp eq i32 4, 5 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
3514 &lt;result&gt; = icmp ne float* %X, %X <i>; yields: result=false</i>
3515 &lt;result&gt; = icmp ult i16 4, 5 <i>; yields: result=true</i>
3516 &lt;result&gt; = icmp sgt i16 4, 5 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
3517 &lt;result&gt; = icmp ule i16 -4, 5 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
3518 &lt;result&gt; = icmp sge i16 4, 5 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3519</pre>
3520</div>
3521
3522<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3523<div class="doc_subsubsection"><a name="i_fcmp">'<tt>fcmp</tt>' Instruction</a>
3524</div>
3525<div class="doc_text">
3526<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3527<pre> &lt;result&gt; = fcmp &lt;cond&gt; &lt;ty&gt; &lt;var1&gt;, &lt;var2&gt; <i>; yields {i1}:result</i>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3528</pre>
3529<h5>Overview:</h5>
3530<p>The '<tt>fcmp</tt>' instruction returns a boolean value based on comparison
3531of its floating point operands.</p>
3532<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3533<p>The '<tt>fcmp</tt>' instruction takes three operands. The first operand is
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3534the condition code indicating the kind of comparison to perform. It is not
3535a value, just a keyword. The possible condition code are:
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3536<ol>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3537 <li><tt>false</tt>: no comparison, always returns false</li>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3538 <li><tt>oeq</tt>: ordered and equal</li>
3539 <li><tt>ogt</tt>: ordered and greater than </li>
3540 <li><tt>oge</tt>: ordered and greater than or equal</li>
3541 <li><tt>olt</tt>: ordered and less than </li>
3542 <li><tt>ole</tt>: ordered and less than or equal</li>
3543 <li><tt>one</tt>: ordered and not equal</li>
3544 <li><tt>ord</tt>: ordered (no nans)</li>
3545 <li><tt>ueq</tt>: unordered or equal</li>
3546 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: unordered or greater than </li>
3547 <li><tt>uge</tt>: unordered or greater than or equal</li>
3548 <li><tt>ult</tt>: unordered or less than </li>
3549 <li><tt>ule</tt>: unordered or less than or equal</li>
3550 <li><tt>une</tt>: unordered or not equal</li>
3551 <li><tt>uno</tt>: unordered (either nans)</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3552 <li><tt>true</tt>: no comparison, always returns true</li>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3553</ol>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3554<p><i>Ordered</i> means that neither operand is a QNAN while
Reid Spencer93a49852006-12-06 07:08:07 +0000[diff] [blame]3555<i>unordered</i> means that either operand may be a QNAN.</p>
Reid Spencer350f8aa2007-01-04 05:19:58 +0000[diff] [blame]3556<p>The <tt>val1</tt> and <tt>val2</tt> arguments must be
3557<a href="#t_floating">floating point</a> typed. They must have identical
3558types.</p>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3559<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3560<p>The '<tt>fcmp</tt>' compares <tt>var1</tt> and <tt>var2</tt> according to
3561the condition code given as <tt>cond</tt>. The comparison performed always
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3562yields a <a href="#t_primitive">i1</a> result, as follows:
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3563<ol>
3564 <li><tt>false</tt>: always yields <tt>false</tt>, regardless of operands.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3565 <li><tt>oeq</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3566 <tt>var1</tt> is equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3567 <li><tt>ogt</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3568 <tt>var1</tt> is greather than <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3569 <li><tt>oge</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3570 <tt>var1</tt> is greater than or equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3571 <li><tt>olt</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3572 <tt>var1</tt> is less than <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3573 <li><tt>ole</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3574 <tt>var1</tt> is less than or equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3575 <li><tt>one</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN and
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3576 <tt>var1</tt> is not equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3577 <li><tt>ord</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if both operands are not a QNAN.</li>
3578 <li><tt>ueq</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3579 <tt>var1</tt> is equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3580 <li><tt>ugt</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3581 <tt>var1</tt> is greater than <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3582 <li><tt>uge</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3583 <tt>var1</tt> is greater than or equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3584 <li><tt>ult</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3585 <tt>var1</tt> is less than <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3586 <li><tt>ule</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3587 <tt>var1</tt> is less than or equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3588 <li><tt>une</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN or
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3589 <tt>var1</tt> is not equal to <tt>var2</tt>.</li>
Reid Spencerb7f26282006-11-19 03:00:14 +0000[diff] [blame]3590 <li><tt>uno</tt>: yields <tt>true</tt> if either operand is a QNAN.</li>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3591 <li><tt>true</tt>: always yields <tt>true</tt>, regardless of operands.</li>
3592</ol>
Reid Spencerf3a70a62006-11-18 21:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]3593
3594<h5>Example:</h5>
3595<pre> &lt;result&gt; = fcmp oeq float 4.0, 5.0 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
3596 &lt;result&gt; = icmp one float 4.0, 5.0 <i>; yields: result=true</i>
3597 &lt;result&gt; = icmp olt float 4.0, 5.0 <i>; yields: result=true</i>
3598 &lt;result&gt; = icmp ueq double 1.0, 2.0 <i>; yields: result=false</i>
3599</pre>
3600</div>
3601
Reid Spencer2fd21e62006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3602<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3603<div class="doc_subsubsection"> <a name="i_phi">'<tt>phi</tt>'
3604Instruction</a> </div>
3605<div class="doc_text">
3606<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3607<pre> &lt;result&gt; = phi &lt;ty&gt; [ &lt;val0&gt;, &lt;label0&gt;], ...<br></pre>
3608<h5>Overview:</h5>
3609<p>The '<tt>phi</tt>' instruction is used to implement the &#966; node in
3610the SSA graph representing the function.</p>
3611<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3612<p>The type of the incoming values is specified with the first type
Reid Spencer2fd21e62006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3613field. After this, the '<tt>phi</tt>' instruction takes a list of pairs
3614as arguments, with one pair for each predecessor basic block of the
3615current block. Only values of <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a>
3616type may be used as the value arguments to the PHI node. Only labels
3617may be used as the label arguments.</p>
3618<p>There must be no non-phi instructions between the start of a basic
3619block and the PHI instructions: i.e. PHI instructions must be first in
3620a basic block.</p>
3621<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3622<p>At runtime, the '<tt>phi</tt>' instruction logically takes on the value
3623specified by the pair corresponding to the predecessor basic block that executed
3624just prior to the current block.</p>
Reid Spencer2fd21e62006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3625<h5>Example:</h5>
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3626<pre>Loop: ; Infinite loop that counts from 0 on up...<br> %indvar = phi i32 [ 0, %LoopHeader ], [ %nextindvar, %Loop ]<br> %nextindvar = add i32 %indvar, 1<br> br label %Loop<br></pre>
Reid Spencer2fd21e62006-11-08 01:18:52 +0000[diff] [blame]3627</div>
3628
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3629<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3630<div class="doc_subsubsection">
3631 <a name="i_select">'<tt>select</tt>' Instruction</a>
3632</div>
3633
3634<div class="doc_text">
3635
3636<h5>Syntax:</h5>
3637
3638<pre>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3639 &lt;result&gt; = select i1 &lt;cond&gt;, &lt;ty&gt; &lt;val1&gt;, &lt;ty&gt; &lt;val2&gt; <i>; yields ty</i>
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3640</pre>
3641
3642<h5>Overview:</h5>
3643
3644<p>
3645The '<tt>select</tt>' instruction is used to choose one value based on a
3646condition, without branching.
3647</p>
3648
3649
3650<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3651
3652<p>
3653The '<tt>select</tt>' instruction requires a boolean value indicating the condition, and two values of the same <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type.
3654</p>
3655
3656<h5>Semantics:</h5>
3657
3658<p>
3659If the boolean condition evaluates to true, the instruction returns the first
John Criswellfc6b8952005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3660value argument; otherwise, it returns the second value argument.
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3661</p>
3662
3663<h5>Example:</h5>
3664
3665<pre>
Reid Spencerc78f3372007-01-12 03:35:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3666 %X = select i1 true, i8 17, i8 42 <i>; yields i8:17</i>
Chris Lattnercc37aae2004-03-12 05:50:16 +0000[diff] [blame]3667</pre>
3668</div>
3669
Robert Bocchino05ccd702006-01-15 20:48:27 +0000[diff] [blame]3670
3671<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
3672<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3673 <a name="i_call">'<tt>call</tt>' Instruction</a>
3674</div>
3675
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3676<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3677
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3678<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3679<pre>
Nick Lewyckydb7e3c92007-09-08 13:57:50 +0000[diff] [blame]3680 &lt;result&gt; = [tail] call [<a href="#callingconv">cconv</a>] &lt;ty&gt; [&lt;fnty&gt;*] &lt;fnptrval&gt;(&lt;param list&gt;)
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3681</pre>
3682
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3683<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3684
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3685<p>The '<tt>call</tt>' instruction represents a simple function call.</p>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3686
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3687<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3688
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3689<p>This instruction requires several arguments:</p>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3690
Chris Lattner6536cfe2002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]3691<ol>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3692 <li>
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]3693 <p>The optional "tail" marker indicates whether the callee function accesses
3694 any allocas or varargs in the caller. If the "tail" marker is present, the
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3695 function call is eligible for tail call optimization. Note that calls may
3696 be marked "tail" even if they do not occur before a <a
3697 href="#i_ret"><tt>ret</tt></a> instruction.
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3698 </li>
3699 <li>
Duncan Sands8036ca42007-03-30 12:22:09 +0000[diff] [blame]3700 <p>The optional "cconv" marker indicates which <a href="#callingconv">calling
Chris Lattnerbad10ee2005-05-06 22:57:40 +0000[diff] [blame]3701 convention</a> the call should use. If none is specified, the call defaults
3702 to using C calling conventions.
3703 </li>
3704 <li>
Nick Lewyckydb7e3c92007-09-08 13:57:50 +0000[diff] [blame]3705 <p>'<tt>ty</tt>': the type of the call instruction itself which is also
3706 the type of the return value. Functions that return no value are marked
3707 <tt><a href="#t_void">void</a></tt>.</p>
3708 </li>
3709 <li>
3710 <p>'<tt>fnty</tt>': shall be the signature of the pointer to function
3711 value being invoked. The argument types must match the types implied by
3712 this signature. This type can be omitted if the function is not varargs
3713 and if the function type does not return a pointer to a function.</p>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3714 </li>
3715 <li>
3716 <p>'<tt>fnptrval</tt>': An LLVM value containing a pointer to a function to
3717 be invoked. In most cases, this is a direct function invocation, but
3718 indirect <tt>call</tt>s are just as possible, calling an arbitrary pointer
John Criswellfc6b8952005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3719 to function value.</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3720 </li>
3721 <li>
3722 <p>'<tt>function args</tt>': argument list whose types match the
Reid Spencera7e302a2005-05-01 22:22:57 +0000[diff] [blame]3723 function signature argument types. All arguments must be of
3724 <a href="#t_firstclass">first class</a> type. If the function signature
3725 indicates the function accepts a variable number of arguments, the extra
3726 arguments can be specified.</p>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3727 </li>
Chris Lattner6536cfe2002-05-06 22:08:29 +0000[diff] [blame]3728</ol>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3729
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3730<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3731
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3732<p>The '<tt>call</tt>' instruction is used to cause control flow to
3733transfer to a specified function, with its incoming arguments bound to
3734the specified values. Upon a '<tt><a href="#i_ret">ret</a></tt>'
3735instruction in the called function, control flow continues with the
3736instruction after the function call, and the return value of the
3737function is bound to the result argument. This is a simpler case of
3738the <a href="#i_invoke">invoke</a> instruction.</p>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3739
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3740<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3741
3742<pre>
Nick Lewyckydb7e3c92007-09-08 13:57:50 +0000[diff] [blame]3743 %retval = call i32 @test(i32 %argc)
3744 call i32 (i8 *, ...)* @printf(i8 * %msg, i32 12, i8 42);
3745 %X = tail call i32 @foo()
3746 %Y = tail call <a href="#callingconv">fastcc</a> i32 @foo()
3747 %Z = call void %foo(i8 97 signext)
Chris Lattner2bff5242005-05-06 05:47:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3748</pre>
3749
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3750</div>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3751
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3752<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3753<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Chris Lattnerfb6977d2006-01-13 23:26:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3754 <a name="i_va_arg">'<tt>va_arg</tt>' Instruction</a>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3755</div>
3756
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3757<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3758
Chris Lattner8d1a81d2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3759<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3760
3761<pre>
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3762 &lt;resultval&gt; = va_arg &lt;va_list*&gt; &lt;arglist&gt;, &lt;argty&gt;
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3763</pre>
3764
Chris Lattner8d1a81d2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3765<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3766
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3767<p>The '<tt>va_arg</tt>' instruction is used to access arguments passed through
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3768the "variable argument" area of a function call. It is used to implement the
3769<tt>va_arg</tt> macro in C.</p>
3770
Chris Lattner8d1a81d2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3771<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3772
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3773<p>This instruction takes a <tt>va_list*</tt> value and the type of
3774the argument. It returns a value of the specified argument type and
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3775increments the <tt>va_list</tt> to point to the next argument. The
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3776actual type of <tt>va_list</tt> is target specific.</p>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3777
Chris Lattner8d1a81d2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3778<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3779
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3780<p>The '<tt>va_arg</tt>' instruction loads an argument of the specified
3781type from the specified <tt>va_list</tt> and causes the
3782<tt>va_list</tt> to point to the next argument. For more information,
3783see the variable argument handling <a href="#int_varargs">Intrinsic
3784Functions</a>.</p>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3785
3786<p>It is legal for this instruction to be called in a function which does not
3787take a variable number of arguments, for example, the <tt>vfprintf</tt>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3788function.</p>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3789
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3790<p><tt>va_arg</tt> is an LLVM instruction instead of an <a
John Criswellfc6b8952005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3791href="#intrinsics">intrinsic function</a> because it takes a type as an
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3792argument.</p>
3793
Chris Lattner8d1a81d2003-10-18 05:51:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3794<h5>Example:</h5>
Chris Lattnere19d7a72004-09-27 21:51:25 +0000[diff] [blame]3795
3796<p>See the <a href="#int_varargs">variable argument processing</a> section.</p>
3797
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3798</div>
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3799
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3800<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3801<div class="doc_section"> <a name="intrinsics">Intrinsic Functions</a> </div>
3802<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3803
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3804<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3805
3806<p>LLVM supports the notion of an "intrinsic function". These functions have
Reid Spencer409e28f2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]3807well known names and semantics and are required to follow certain restrictions.
3808Overall, these intrinsics represent an extension mechanism for the LLVM
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3809language that does not require changing all of the transformations in LLVM when
Gabor Greif04367bf2007-07-06 22:07:22 +0000[diff] [blame]3810adding to the language (or the bitcode reader/writer, the parser, etc...).</p>
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3811
John Criswellfc6b8952005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]3812<p>Intrinsic function names must all start with an "<tt>llvm.</tt>" prefix. This
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3813prefix is reserved in LLVM for intrinsic names; thus, function names may not
3814begin with this prefix. Intrinsic functions must always be external functions:
3815you cannot define the body of intrinsic functions. Intrinsic functions may
3816only be used in call or invoke instructions: it is illegal to take the address
3817of an intrinsic function. Additionally, because intrinsic functions are part
3818of the LLVM language, it is required if any are added that they be documented
3819here.</p>
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3820
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]3821<p>Some intrinsic functions can be overloaded, i.e., the intrinsic represents
3822a family of functions that perform the same operation but on different data
3823types. Because LLVM can represent over 8 million different integer types,
3824overloading is used commonly to allow an intrinsic function to operate on any
3825integer type. One or more of the argument types or the result type can be
3826overloaded to accept any integer type. Argument types may also be defined as
3827exactly matching a previous argument's type or the result type. This allows an
3828intrinsic function which accepts multiple arguments, but needs all of them to
3829be of the same type, to only be overloaded with respect to a single argument or
3830the result.</p>
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3831
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]3832<p>Overloaded intrinsics will have the names of its overloaded argument types
3833encoded into its function name, each preceded by a period. Only those types
3834which are overloaded result in a name suffix. Arguments whose type is matched
3835against another type do not. For example, the <tt>llvm.ctpop</tt> function can
3836take an integer of any width and returns an integer of exactly the same integer
3837width. This leads to a family of functions such as
3838<tt>i8 @llvm.ctpop.i8(i8 %val)</tt> and <tt>i29 @llvm.ctpop.i29(i29 %val)</tt>.
3839Only one type, the return type, is overloaded, and only one type suffix is
3840required. Because the argument's type is matched against the return type, it
3841does not require its own name suffix.</p>
Reid Spencer409e28f2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]3842
3843<p>To learn how to add an intrinsic function, please see the
3844<a href="ExtendingLLVM.html">Extending LLVM Guide</a>.
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3845</p>
3846
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3847</div>
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3848
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3849<!-- ======================================================================= -->
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3850<div class="doc_subsection">
3851 <a name="int_varargs">Variable Argument Handling Intrinsics</a>
3852</div>
3853
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3854<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3855
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3856<p>Variable argument support is defined in LLVM with the <a
Chris Lattnerfb6977d2006-01-13 23:26:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3857 href="#i_va_arg"><tt>va_arg</tt></a> instruction and these three
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3858intrinsic functions. These functions are related to the similarly
3859named macros defined in the <tt>&lt;stdarg.h&gt;</tt> header file.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3860
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3861<p>All of these functions operate on arguments that use a
3862target-specific value type "<tt>va_list</tt>". The LLVM assembly
3863language reference manual does not define what this type is, so all
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3864transformations should be prepared to handle these functions regardless of
3865the type used.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3866
Chris Lattner374ab302006-05-15 17:26:46 +0000[diff] [blame]3867<p>This example shows how the <a href="#i_va_arg"><tt>va_arg</tt></a>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3868instruction and the variable argument handling intrinsic functions are
3869used.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3870
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3871<div class="doc_code">
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3872<pre>
Anton Korobeynikov5d522f32007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3873define i32 @test(i32 %X, ...) {
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3874 ; Initialize variable argument processing
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3875 %ap = alloca i8*
Chris Lattnerb75137d2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3876 %ap2 = bitcast i8** %ap to i8*
Anton Korobeynikov5d522f32007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3877 call void @llvm.va_start(i8* %ap2)
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3878
3879 ; Read a single integer argument
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3880 %tmp = va_arg i8** %ap, i32
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3881
3882 ; Demonstrate usage of llvm.va_copy and llvm.va_end
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3883 %aq = alloca i8*
Chris Lattnerb75137d2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3884 %aq2 = bitcast i8** %aq to i8*
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3885 call void @llvm.va_copy(i8* %aq2, i8* %ap2)
Anton Korobeynikov5d522f32007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3886 call void @llvm.va_end(i8* %aq2)
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3887
3888 ; Stop processing of arguments.
Anton Korobeynikov5d522f32007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3889 call void @llvm.va_end(i8* %ap2)
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]3890 ret i32 %tmp
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3891}
Anton Korobeynikov5d522f32007-03-21 23:58:04 +0000[diff] [blame]3892
3893declare void @llvm.va_start(i8*)
3894declare void @llvm.va_copy(i8*, i8*)
3895declare void @llvm.va_end(i8*)
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3896</pre>
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3897</div>
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3898
Bill Wendling2f7a8b02007-05-29 09:04:49 +0000[diff] [blame]3899</div>
3900
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3901<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3902<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]3903 <a name="int_va_start">'<tt>llvm.va_start</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3904</div>
3905
3906
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3907<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3908<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb75137d2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3909<pre> declare void %llvm.va_start(i8* &lt;arglist&gt;)<br></pre>
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3910<h5>Overview:</h5>
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3911<P>The '<tt>llvm.va_start</tt>' intrinsic initializes
3912<tt>*&lt;arglist&gt;</tt> for subsequent use by <tt><a
3913href="#i_va_arg">va_arg</a></tt>.</p>
3914
3915<h5>Arguments:</h5>
3916
3917<P>The argument is a pointer to a <tt>va_list</tt> element to initialize.</p>
3918
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3919<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3920
3921<P>The '<tt>llvm.va_start</tt>' intrinsic works just like the <tt>va_start</tt>
3922macro available in C. In a target-dependent way, it initializes the
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3923<tt>va_list</tt> element to which the argument points, so that the next call to
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3924<tt>va_arg</tt> will produce the first variable argument passed to the function.
3925Unlike the C <tt>va_start</tt> macro, this intrinsic does not need to know the
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3926last argument of the function as the compiler can figure that out.</p>
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3927
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3928</div>
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3929
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3930<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3931<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]3932 <a name="int_va_end">'<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3933</div>
3934
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3935<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3936<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3937<pre> declare void @llvm.va_end(i8* &lt;arglist&gt;)<br></pre>
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3938<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb75137d2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3939
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3940<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>' intrinsic destroys <tt>*&lt;arglist&gt;</tt>,
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]3941which has been initialized previously with <tt><a href="#int_va_start">llvm.va_start</a></tt>
Chris Lattner261efe92003-11-25 01:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]3942or <tt><a href="#i_va_copy">llvm.va_copy</a></tt>.</p>
Chris Lattnerb75137d2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3943
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3944<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb75137d2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3945
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3946<p>The argument is a pointer to a <tt>va_list</tt> to destroy.</p>
Chris Lattnerb75137d2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3947
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3948<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerb75137d2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3949
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3950<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>' intrinsic works just like the <tt>va_end</tt>
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3951macro available in C. In a target-dependent way, it destroys the
3952<tt>va_list</tt> element to which the argument points. Calls to <a
3953href="#int_va_start"><tt>llvm.va_start</tt></a> and <a href="#int_va_copy">
3954<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt></a> must be matched exactly with calls to
3955<tt>llvm.va_end</tt>.</p>
Chris Lattnerb75137d2007-01-08 07:55:15 +0000[diff] [blame]3956
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3957</div>
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3958
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3959<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3960<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]3961 <a name="int_va_copy">'<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3962</div>
3963
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3964<div class="doc_text">
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3965
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3966<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3967
3968<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3969 declare void @llvm.va_copy(i8* &lt;destarglist&gt;, i8* &lt;srcarglist&gt;)
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3970</pre>
3971
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3972<h5>Overview:</h5>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3973
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3974<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt>' intrinsic copies the current argument position
3975from the source argument list to the destination argument list.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3976
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3977<h5>Arguments:</h5>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3978
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3979<p>The first argument is a pointer to a <tt>va_list</tt> element to initialize.
Andrew Lenharthd0a4c622005-06-22 20:38:11 +0000[diff] [blame]3980The second argument is a pointer to a <tt>va_list</tt> element to copy from.</p>
Andrew Lenharth8bf607a2005-06-18 18:28:17 +0000[diff] [blame]3981
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3982
Chris Lattnerd9ad5b32003-05-08 04:57:36 +0000[diff] [blame]3983<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3984
Jeff Cohenb627eab2007-04-29 01:07:00 +0000[diff] [blame]3985<p>The '<tt>llvm.va_copy</tt>' intrinsic works just like the <tt>va_copy</tt>
3986macro available in C. In a target-dependent way, it copies the source
3987<tt>va_list</tt> element into the destination <tt>va_list</tt> element. This
3988intrinsic is necessary because the <tt><a href="#int_va_start">
3989llvm.va_start</a></tt> intrinsic may be arbitrarily complex and require, for
3990example, memory allocation.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3991
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]3992</div>
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3993
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]3994<!-- ======================================================================= -->
3995<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]3996 <a name="int_gc">Accurate Garbage Collection Intrinsics</a>
3997</div>
3998
3999<div class="doc_text">
4000
4001<p>
4002LLVM support for <a href="GarbageCollection.html">Accurate Garbage
4003Collection</a> requires the implementation and generation of these intrinsics.
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4004These intrinsics allow identification of <a href="#int_gcroot">GC roots on the
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4005stack</a>, as well as garbage collector implementations that require <a
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4006href="#int_gcread">read</a> and <a href="#int_gcwrite">write</a> barriers.
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4007Front-ends for type-safe garbage collected languages should generate these
4008intrinsics to make use of the LLVM garbage collectors. For more details, see <a
4009href="GarbageCollection.html">Accurate Garbage Collection with LLVM</a>.
4010</p>
Christopher Lamb303dae92007-12-17 01:00:21 +0000[diff] [blame]4011
4012<p>The garbage collection intrinsics only operate on objects in the generic
4013 address space (address space zero).</p>
4014
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4015</div>
4016
4017<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4018<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4019 <a name="int_gcroot">'<tt>llvm.gcroot</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4020</div>
4021
4022<div class="doc_text">
4023
4024<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4025
4026<pre>
Chris Lattner1df4f752007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4027 declare void @llvm.gcroot(i8** %ptrloc, i8* %metadata)
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4028</pre>
4029
4030<h5>Overview:</h5>
4031
John Criswell9e2485c2004-12-10 15:51:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4032<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcroot</tt>' intrinsic declares the existence of a GC root to
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4033the code generator, and allows some metadata to be associated with it.</p>
4034
4035<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4036
4037<p>The first argument specifies the address of a stack object that contains the
4038root pointer. The second pointer (which must be either a constant or a global
4039value address) contains the meta-data to be associated with the root.</p>
4040
4041<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4042
4043<p>At runtime, a call to this intrinsics stores a null pointer into the "ptrloc"
4044location. At compile-time, the code generator generates information to allow
Gordon Henriksene1433f22007-12-25 02:31:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4045the runtime to find the pointer at GC safe points. The '<tt>llvm.gcroot</tt>'
4046intrinsic may only be used in a function which <a href="#gc">specifies a GC
4047algorithm</a>.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4048
4049</div>
4050
4051
4052<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4053<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4054 <a name="int_gcread">'<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4055</div>
4056
4057<div class="doc_text">
4058
4059<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4060
4061<pre>
Chris Lattner1df4f752007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4062 declare i8* @llvm.gcread(i8* %ObjPtr, i8** %Ptr)
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4063</pre>
4064
4065<h5>Overview:</h5>
4066
4067<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' intrinsic identifies reads of references from heap
4068locations, allowing garbage collector implementations that require read
4069barriers.</p>
4070
4071<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4072
Chris Lattner80626e92006-03-14 20:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4073<p>The second argument is the address to read from, which should be an address
4074allocated from the garbage collector. The first object is a pointer to the
4075start of the referenced object, if needed by the language runtime (otherwise
4076null).</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4077
4078<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4079
4080<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' intrinsic has the same semantics as a load
4081instruction, but may be replaced with substantially more complex code by the
Gordon Henriksene1433f22007-12-25 02:31:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4082garbage collector runtime, as needed. The '<tt>llvm.gcread</tt>' intrinsic
4083may only be used in a function which <a href="#gc">specifies a GC
4084algorithm</a>.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4085
4086</div>
4087
4088
4089<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4090<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4091 <a name="int_gcwrite">'<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4092</div>
4093
4094<div class="doc_text">
4095
4096<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4097
4098<pre>
Chris Lattner1df4f752007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4099 declare void @llvm.gcwrite(i8* %P1, i8* %Obj, i8** %P2)
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4100</pre>
4101
4102<h5>Overview:</h5>
4103
4104<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' intrinsic identifies writes of references to heap
4105locations, allowing garbage collector implementations that require write
4106barriers (such as generational or reference counting collectors).</p>
4107
4108<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4109
Chris Lattner80626e92006-03-14 20:02:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4110<p>The first argument is the reference to store, the second is the start of the
4111object to store it to, and the third is the address of the field of Obj to
4112store to. If the runtime does not require a pointer to the object, Obj may be
4113null.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4114
4115<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4116
4117<p>The '<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' intrinsic has the same semantics as a store
4118instruction, but may be replaced with substantially more complex code by the
Gordon Henriksene1433f22007-12-25 02:31:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4119garbage collector runtime, as needed. The '<tt>llvm.gcwrite</tt>' intrinsic
4120may only be used in a function which <a href="#gc">specifies a GC
4121algorithm</a>.</p>
Chris Lattnerd7923912004-05-23 21:06:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4122
4123</div>
4124
4125
4126
4127<!-- ======================================================================= -->
4128<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4129 <a name="int_codegen">Code Generator Intrinsics</a>
4130</div>
4131
4132<div class="doc_text">
4133<p>
4134These intrinsics are provided by LLVM to expose special features that may only
4135be implemented with code generator support.
4136</p>
4137
4138</div>
4139
4140<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4141<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4142 <a name="int_returnaddress">'<tt>llvm.returnaddress</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4143</div>
4144
4145<div class="doc_text">
4146
4147<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4148<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4149 declare i8 *@llvm.returnaddress(i32 &lt;level&gt;)
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4150</pre>
4151
4152<h5>Overview:</h5>
4153
4154<p>
Chris Lattner32b5d712006-10-15 20:05:59 +0000[diff] [blame]4155The '<tt>llvm.returnaddress</tt>' intrinsic attempts to compute a
4156target-specific value indicating the return address of the current function
4157or one of its callers.
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4158</p>
4159
4160<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4161
4162<p>
4163The argument to this intrinsic indicates which function to return the address
4164for. Zero indicates the calling function, one indicates its caller, etc. The
4165argument is <b>required</b> to be a constant integer value.
4166</p>
4167
4168<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4169
4170<p>
4171The '<tt>llvm.returnaddress</tt>' intrinsic either returns a pointer indicating
4172the return address of the specified call frame, or zero if it cannot be
4173identified. The value returned by this intrinsic is likely to be incorrect or 0
4174for arguments other than zero, so it should only be used for debugging purposes.
4175</p>
4176
4177<p>
4178Note that calling this intrinsic does not prevent function inlining or other
Chris Lattnerb40bb382005-03-07 20:30:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4179aggressive transformations, so the value returned may not be that of the obvious
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4180source-language caller.
4181</p>
4182</div>
4183
4184
4185<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4186<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4187 <a name="int_frameaddress">'<tt>llvm.frameaddress</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4188</div>
4189
4190<div class="doc_text">
4191
4192<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4193<pre>
Chris Lattner1df4f752007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4194 declare i8 *@llvm.frameaddress(i32 &lt;level&gt;)
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4195</pre>
4196
4197<h5>Overview:</h5>
4198
4199<p>
Chris Lattner32b5d712006-10-15 20:05:59 +0000[diff] [blame]4200The '<tt>llvm.frameaddress</tt>' intrinsic attempts to return the
4201target-specific frame pointer value for the specified stack frame.
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4202</p>
4203
4204<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4205
4206<p>
4207The argument to this intrinsic indicates which function to return the frame
4208pointer for. Zero indicates the calling function, one indicates its caller,
4209etc. The argument is <b>required</b> to be a constant integer value.
4210</p>
4211
4212<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4213
4214<p>
4215The '<tt>llvm.frameaddress</tt>' intrinsic either returns a pointer indicating
4216the frame address of the specified call frame, or zero if it cannot be
4217identified. The value returned by this intrinsic is likely to be incorrect or 0
4218for arguments other than zero, so it should only be used for debugging purposes.
4219</p>
4220
4221<p>
4222Note that calling this intrinsic does not prevent function inlining or other
Chris Lattnerb40bb382005-03-07 20:30:51 +0000[diff] [blame]4223aggressive transformations, so the value returned may not be that of the obvious
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4224source-language caller.
4225</p>
4226</div>
4227
Chris Lattner9a9d7ac2005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]4228<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4229<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4230 <a name="int_stacksave">'<tt>llvm.stacksave</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner57e1f392006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4231</div>
4232
4233<div class="doc_text">
4234
4235<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4236<pre>
Chris Lattner1df4f752007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4237 declare i8 *@llvm.stacksave()
Chris Lattner57e1f392006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4238</pre>
4239
4240<h5>Overview:</h5>
4241
4242<p>
4243The '<tt>llvm.stacksave</tt>' intrinsic is used to remember the current state of
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4244the function stack, for use with <a href="#int_stackrestore">
Chris Lattner57e1f392006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4245<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt></a>. This is useful for implementing language
4246features like scoped automatic variable sized arrays in C99.
4247</p>
4248
4249<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4250
4251<p>
4252This intrinsic returns a opaque pointer value that can be passed to <a
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4253href="#int_stackrestore"><tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt></a>. When an
Chris Lattner57e1f392006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4254<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt> intrinsic is executed with a value saved from
4255<tt>llvm.stacksave</tt>, it effectively restores the state of the stack to the
4256state it was in when the <tt>llvm.stacksave</tt> intrinsic executed. In
4257practice, this pops any <a href="#i_alloca">alloca</a> blocks from the stack
4258that were allocated after the <tt>llvm.stacksave</tt> was executed.
4259</p>
4260
4261</div>
4262
4263<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4264<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4265 <a name="int_stackrestore">'<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner57e1f392006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4266</div>
4267
4268<div class="doc_text">
4269
4270<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4271<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4272 declare void @llvm.stackrestore(i8 * %ptr)
Chris Lattner57e1f392006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4273</pre>
4274
4275<h5>Overview:</h5>
4276
4277<p>
4278The '<tt>llvm.stackrestore</tt>' intrinsic is used to restore the state of
4279the function stack to the state it was in when the corresponding <a
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4280href="#int_stacksave"><tt>llvm.stacksave</tt></a> intrinsic executed. This is
Chris Lattner57e1f392006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4281useful for implementing language features like scoped automatic variable sized
4282arrays in C99.
4283</p>
4284
4285<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4286
4287<p>
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4288See the description for <a href="#int_stacksave"><tt>llvm.stacksave</tt></a>.
Chris Lattner57e1f392006-01-13 02:03:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4289</p>
4290
4291</div>
4292
4293
4294<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4295<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4296 <a name="int_prefetch">'<tt>llvm.prefetch</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner9a9d7ac2005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]4297</div>
4298
4299<div class="doc_text">
4300
4301<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4302<pre>
Chris Lattner1df4f752007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4303 declare void @llvm.prefetch(i8* &lt;address&gt;, i32 &lt;rw&gt;, i32 &lt;locality&gt;)
Chris Lattner9a9d7ac2005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]4304</pre>
4305
4306<h5>Overview:</h5>
4307
4308
4309<p>
4310The '<tt>llvm.prefetch</tt>' intrinsic is a hint to the code generator to insert
John Criswellfc6b8952005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4311a prefetch instruction if supported; otherwise, it is a noop. Prefetches have
4312no
4313effect on the behavior of the program but can change its performance
Chris Lattner2a615362005-02-28 19:47:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4314characteristics.
Chris Lattner9a9d7ac2005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]4315</p>
4316
4317<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4318
4319<p>
4320<tt>address</tt> is the address to be prefetched, <tt>rw</tt> is the specifier
4321determining if the fetch should be for a read (0) or write (1), and
4322<tt>locality</tt> is a temporal locality specifier ranging from (0) - no
Chris Lattneraeffb4a2005-03-07 20:31:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4323locality, to (3) - extremely local keep in cache. The <tt>rw</tt> and
Chris Lattner9a9d7ac2005-02-28 19:24:19 +0000[diff] [blame]4324<tt>locality</tt> arguments must be constant integers.
4325</p>
4326
4327<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4328
4329<p>
4330This intrinsic does not modify the behavior of the program. In particular,
4331prefetches cannot trap and do not produce a value. On targets that support this
4332intrinsic, the prefetch can provide hints to the processor cache for better
4333performance.
4334</p>
4335
4336</div>
4337
Andrew Lenharth7f4ec3b2005-03-28 20:05:49 +0000[diff] [blame]4338<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4339<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4340 <a name="int_pcmarker">'<tt>llvm.pcmarker</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharth7f4ec3b2005-03-28 20:05:49 +0000[diff] [blame]4341</div>
4342
4343<div class="doc_text">
4344
4345<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4346<pre>
Chris Lattner1df4f752007-09-21 17:30:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4347 declare void @llvm.pcmarker(i32 &lt;id&gt;)
Andrew Lenharth7f4ec3b2005-03-28 20:05:49 +0000[diff] [blame]4348</pre>
4349
4350<h5>Overview:</h5>
4351
4352
4353<p>
John Criswellfc6b8952005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4354The '<tt>llvm.pcmarker</tt>' intrinsic is a method to export a Program Counter
4355(PC) in a region of
Andrew Lenharth7f4ec3b2005-03-28 20:05:49 +0000[diff] [blame]4356code to simulators and other tools. The method is target specific, but it is
4357expected that the marker will use exported symbols to transmit the PC of the marker.
Jeff Cohen25d4f7e2005-11-11 02:15:27 +0000[diff] [blame]4358The marker makes no guarantees that it will remain with any specific instruction
Chris Lattnerd07c3f42005-11-15 06:07:55 +0000[diff] [blame]4359after optimizations. It is possible that the presence of a marker will inhibit
Chris Lattnerb3e7afd2006-03-24 07:16:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4360optimizations. The intended use is to be inserted after optimizations to allow
John Criswellfc6b8952005-05-16 16:17:45 +0000[diff] [blame]4361correlations of simulation runs.
Andrew Lenharth7f4ec3b2005-03-28 20:05:49 +0000[diff] [blame]4362</p>
4363
4364<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4365
4366<p>
4367<tt>id</tt> is a numerical id identifying the marker.
4368</p>
4369
4370<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4371
4372<p>
4373This intrinsic does not modify the behavior of the program. Backends that do not
4374support this intrinisic may ignore it.
4375</p>
4376
4377</div>
4378
Andrew Lenharth51b8d542005-11-11 16:47:30 +0000[diff] [blame]4379<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4380<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4381 <a name="int_readcyclecounter">'<tt>llvm.readcyclecounter</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharth51b8d542005-11-11 16:47:30 +0000[diff] [blame]4382</div>
4383
4384<div class="doc_text">
4385
4386<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4387<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4388 declare i64 @llvm.readcyclecounter( )
Andrew Lenharth51b8d542005-11-11 16:47:30 +0000[diff] [blame]4389</pre>
4390
4391<h5>Overview:</h5>
4392
4393
4394<p>
4395The '<tt>llvm.readcyclecounter</tt>' intrinsic provides access to the cycle
4396counter register (or similar low latency, high accuracy clocks) on those targets
4397that support it. On X86, it should map to RDTSC. On Alpha, it should map to RPCC.
4398As the backing counters overflow quickly (on the order of 9 seconds on alpha), this
4399should only be used for small timings.
4400</p>
4401
4402<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4403
4404<p>
4405When directly supported, reading the cycle counter should not modify any memory.
4406Implementations are allowed to either return a application specific value or a
4407system wide value. On backends without support, this is lowered to a constant 0.
4408</p>
4409
4410</div>
4411
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4412<!-- ======================================================================= -->
4413<div class="doc_subsection">
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4414 <a name="int_libc">Standard C Library Intrinsics</a>
4415</div>
4416
4417<div class="doc_text">
4418<p>
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4419LLVM provides intrinsics for a few important standard C library functions.
4420These intrinsics allow source-language front-ends to pass information about the
4421alignment of the pointer arguments to the code generator, providing opportunity
4422for more efficient code generation.
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4423</p>
4424
4425</div>
4426
4427<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4428<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4429 <a name="int_memcpy">'<tt>llvm.memcpy</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4430</div>
4431
4432<div class="doc_text">
4433
4434<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4435<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4436 declare void @llvm.memcpy.i32(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4437 i32 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4438 declare void @llvm.memcpy.i64(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4439 i64 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4440</pre>
4441
4442<h5>Overview:</h5>
4443
4444<p>
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4445The '<tt>llvm.memcpy.*</tt>' intrinsics copy a block of memory from the source
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4446location to the destination location.
4447</p>
4448
4449<p>
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4450Note that, unlike the standard libc function, the <tt>llvm.memcpy.*</tt>
4451intrinsics do not return a value, and takes an extra alignment argument.
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4452</p>
4453
4454<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4455
4456<p>
4457The first argument is a pointer to the destination, the second is a pointer to
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4458the source. The third argument is an integer argument
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4459specifying the number of bytes to copy, and the fourth argument is the alignment
4460of the source and destination locations.
4461</p>
4462
Chris Lattner3301ced2004-02-12 21:18:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4463<p>
4464If the call to this intrinisic has an alignment value that is not 0 or 1, then
Chris Lattnerf0afc2c2006-03-04 00:02:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4465the caller guarantees that both the source and destination pointers are aligned
4466to that boundary.
Chris Lattner3301ced2004-02-12 21:18:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4467</p>
4468
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4469<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4470
4471<p>
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4472The '<tt>llvm.memcpy.*</tt>' intrinsics copy a block of memory from the source
Chris Lattner33aec9e2004-02-12 17:01:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4473location to the destination location, which are not allowed to overlap. It
4474copies "len" bytes of memory over. If the argument is known to be aligned to
4475some boundary, this can be specified as the fourth argument, otherwise it should
4476be set to 0 or 1.
4477</p>
4478</div>
4479
4480
Chris Lattner0eb51b42004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4481<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4482<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4483 <a name="int_memmove">'<tt>llvm.memmove</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattner0eb51b42004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4484</div>
4485
4486<div class="doc_text">
4487
4488<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4489<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4490 declare void @llvm.memmove.i32(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4491 i32 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4492 declare void @llvm.memmove.i64(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 * &lt;src&gt;,
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4493 i64 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Chris Lattner0eb51b42004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4494</pre>
4495
4496<h5>Overview:</h5>
4497
4498<p>
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4499The '<tt>llvm.memmove.*</tt>' intrinsics move a block of memory from the source
4500location to the destination location. It is similar to the
4501'<tt>llvm.memcmp</tt>' intrinsic but allows the two memory locations to overlap.
Chris Lattner0eb51b42004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4502</p>
4503
4504<p>
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4505Note that, unlike the standard libc function, the <tt>llvm.memmove.*</tt>
4506intrinsics do not return a value, and takes an extra alignment argument.
Chris Lattner0eb51b42004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4507</p>
4508
4509<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4510
4511<p>
4512The first argument is a pointer to the destination, the second is a pointer to
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4513the source. The third argument is an integer argument
Chris Lattner0eb51b42004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4514specifying the number of bytes to copy, and the fourth argument is the alignment
4515of the source and destination locations.
4516</p>
4517
Chris Lattner3301ced2004-02-12 21:18:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4518<p>
4519If the call to this intrinisic has an alignment value that is not 0 or 1, then
Chris Lattnerf0afc2c2006-03-04 00:02:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4520the caller guarantees that the source and destination pointers are aligned to
4521that boundary.
Chris Lattner3301ced2004-02-12 21:18:15 +0000[diff] [blame]4522</p>
4523
Chris Lattner0eb51b42004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4524<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4525
4526<p>
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4527The '<tt>llvm.memmove.*</tt>' intrinsics copy a block of memory from the source
Chris Lattner0eb51b42004-02-12 18:10:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4528location to the destination location, which may overlap. It
4529copies "len" bytes of memory over. If the argument is known to be aligned to
4530some boundary, this can be specified as the fourth argument, otherwise it should
4531be set to 0 or 1.
4532</p>
4533</div>
4534
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]4535
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4536<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4537<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4538 <a name="int_memset">'<tt>llvm.memset.*</tt>' Intrinsics</a>
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4539</div>
4540
4541<div class="doc_text">
4542
4543<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4544<pre>
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4545 declare void @llvm.memset.i32(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 &lt;val&gt;,
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4546 i32 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4547 declare void @llvm.memset.i64(i8 * &lt;dest&gt;, i8 &lt;val&gt;,
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4548 i64 &lt;len&gt;, i32 &lt;align&gt;)
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4549</pre>
4550
4551<h5>Overview:</h5>
4552
4553<p>
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4554The '<tt>llvm.memset.*</tt>' intrinsics fill a block of memory with a particular
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4555byte value.
4556</p>
4557
4558<p>
4559Note that, unlike the standard libc function, the <tt>llvm.memset</tt> intrinsic
4560does not return a value, and takes an extra alignment argument.
4561</p>
4562
4563<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4564
4565<p>
4566The first argument is a pointer to the destination to fill, the second is the
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4567byte value to fill it with, the third argument is an integer
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4568argument specifying the number of bytes to fill, and the fourth argument is the
4569known alignment of destination location.
4570</p>
4571
4572<p>
4573If the call to this intrinisic has an alignment value that is not 0 or 1, then
Chris Lattnerf0afc2c2006-03-04 00:02:10 +0000[diff] [blame]4574the caller guarantees that the destination pointer is aligned to that boundary.
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4575</p>
4576
4577<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4578
4579<p>
Chris Lattner5b310c32006-03-03 00:07:20 +0000[diff] [blame]4580The '<tt>llvm.memset.*</tt>' intrinsics fill "len" bytes of memory starting at
4581the
Chris Lattner10610642004-02-14 04:08:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4582destination location. If the argument is known to be aligned to some boundary,
4583this can be specified as the fourth argument, otherwise it should be set to 0 or
45841.
4585</p>
4586</div>
4587
4588
Chris Lattner32006282004-06-11 02:28:03 +0000[diff] [blame]4589<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4590<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4591 <a name="int_sqrt">'<tt>llvm.sqrt.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnera4d74142005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4592</div>
4593
4594<div class="doc_text">
4595
4596<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Dale Johannesen408f9c12007-10-02 17:47:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4597<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.sqrt</tt> on any
Dan Gohman91c284c2007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4598floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
4599types however.
Chris Lattnera4d74142005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4600<pre>
Dale Johannesen408f9c12007-10-02 17:47:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4601 declare float @llvm.sqrt.f32(float %Val)
4602 declare double @llvm.sqrt.f64(double %Val)
4603 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.sqrt.f80(x86_fp80 %Val)
4604 declare fp128 @llvm.sqrt.f128(fp128 %Val)
4605 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.sqrt.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val)
Chris Lattnera4d74142005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4606</pre>
4607
4608<h5>Overview:</h5>
4609
4610<p>
Reid Spencer0b118202006-01-16 21:12:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4611The '<tt>llvm.sqrt</tt>' intrinsics return the sqrt of the specified operand,
Dan Gohman91c284c2007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4612returning the same value as the libm '<tt>sqrt</tt>' functions would. Unlike
Chris Lattnera4d74142005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4613<tt>sqrt</tt> in libm, however, <tt>llvm.sqrt</tt> has undefined behavior for
4614negative numbers (which allows for better optimization).
4615</p>
4616
4617<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4618
4619<p>
4620The argument and return value are floating point numbers of the same type.
4621</p>
4622
4623<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4624
4625<p>
Dan Gohmand6257fe2007-07-16 14:37:41 +0000[diff] [blame]4626This function returns the sqrt of the specified operand if it is a nonnegative
Chris Lattnera4d74142005-07-21 01:29:16 +0000[diff] [blame]4627floating point number.
4628</p>
4629</div>
4630
Chris Lattnerf4d252d2006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]4631<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4632<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4633 <a name="int_powi">'<tt>llvm.powi.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnerf4d252d2006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]4634</div>
4635
4636<div class="doc_text">
4637
4638<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Dale Johannesen408f9c12007-10-02 17:47:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4639<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.powi</tt> on any
Dan Gohman91c284c2007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4640floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
4641types however.
Chris Lattnerf4d252d2006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]4642<pre>
Dale Johannesen408f9c12007-10-02 17:47:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4643 declare float @llvm.powi.f32(float %Val, i32 %power)
4644 declare double @llvm.powi.f64(double %Val, i32 %power)
4645 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.powi.f80(x86_fp80 %Val, i32 %power)
4646 declare fp128 @llvm.powi.f128(fp128 %Val, i32 %power)
4647 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.powi.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val, i32 %power)
Chris Lattnerf4d252d2006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]4648</pre>
4649
4650<h5>Overview:</h5>
4651
4652<p>
4653The '<tt>llvm.powi.*</tt>' intrinsics return the first operand raised to the
4654specified (positive or negative) power. The order of evaluation of
Dan Gohman91c284c2007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4655multiplications is not defined. When a vector of floating point type is
4656used, the second argument remains a scalar integer value.
Chris Lattnerf4d252d2006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]4657</p>
4658
4659<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4660
4661<p>
4662The second argument is an integer power, and the first is a value to raise to
4663that power.
4664</p>
4665
4666<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4667
4668<p>
4669This function returns the first value raised to the second power with an
4670unspecified sequence of rounding operations.</p>
4671</div>
4672
Dan Gohman91c284c2007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4673<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4674<div class="doc_subsubsection">
4675 <a name="int_sin">'<tt>llvm.sin.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
4676</div>
4677
4678<div class="doc_text">
4679
4680<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4681<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.sin</tt> on any
4682floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
4683types however.
4684<pre>
4685 declare float @llvm.sin.f32(float %Val)
4686 declare double @llvm.sin.f64(double %Val)
4687 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.sin.f80(x86_fp80 %Val)
4688 declare fp128 @llvm.sin.f128(fp128 %Val)
4689 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.sin.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val)
4690</pre>
4691
4692<h5>Overview:</h5>
4693
4694<p>
4695The '<tt>llvm.sin.*</tt>' intrinsics return the sine of the operand.
4696</p>
4697
4698<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4699
4700<p>
4701The argument and return value are floating point numbers of the same type.
4702</p>
4703
4704<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4705
4706<p>
4707This function returns the sine of the specified operand, returning the
4708same values as the libm <tt>sin</tt> functions would, and handles error
Dan Gohmanba83b7e2007-10-17 18:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4709conditions in the same way.</p>
Dan Gohman91c284c2007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4710</div>
4711
4712<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4713<div class="doc_subsubsection">
4714 <a name="int_cos">'<tt>llvm.cos.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
4715</div>
4716
4717<div class="doc_text">
4718
4719<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4720<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.cos</tt> on any
4721floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
4722types however.
4723<pre>
4724 declare float @llvm.cos.f32(float %Val)
4725 declare double @llvm.cos.f64(double %Val)
4726 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.cos.f80(x86_fp80 %Val)
4727 declare fp128 @llvm.cos.f128(fp128 %Val)
4728 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.cos.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val)
4729</pre>
4730
4731<h5>Overview:</h5>
4732
4733<p>
4734The '<tt>llvm.cos.*</tt>' intrinsics return the cosine of the operand.
4735</p>
4736
4737<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4738
4739<p>
4740The argument and return value are floating point numbers of the same type.
4741</p>
4742
4743<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4744
4745<p>
4746This function returns the cosine of the specified operand, returning the
4747same values as the libm <tt>cos</tt> functions would, and handles error
Dan Gohmanba83b7e2007-10-17 18:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4748conditions in the same way.</p>
Dan Gohman91c284c2007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4749</div>
4750
4751<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4752<div class="doc_subsubsection">
4753 <a name="int_pow">'<tt>llvm.pow.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
4754</div>
4755
4756<div class="doc_text">
4757
4758<h5>Syntax:</h5>
4759<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.pow</tt> on any
4760floating point or vector of floating point type. Not all targets support all
4761types however.
4762<pre>
4763 declare float @llvm.pow.f32(float %Val, float %Power)
4764 declare double @llvm.pow.f64(double %Val, double %Power)
4765 declare x86_fp80 @llvm.pow.f80(x86_fp80 %Val, x86_fp80 %Power)
4766 declare fp128 @llvm.pow.f128(fp128 %Val, fp128 %Power)
4767 declare ppc_fp128 @llvm.pow.ppcf128(ppc_fp128 %Val, ppc_fp128 Power)
4768</pre>
4769
4770<h5>Overview:</h5>
4771
4772<p>
4773The '<tt>llvm.pow.*</tt>' intrinsics return the first operand raised to the
4774specified (positive or negative) power.
4775</p>
4776
4777<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4778
4779<p>
4780The second argument is a floating point power, and the first is a value to
4781raise to that power.
4782</p>
4783
4784<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4785
4786<p>
4787This function returns the first value raised to the second power,
4788returning the
4789same values as the libm <tt>pow</tt> functions would, and handles error
Dan Gohmanba83b7e2007-10-17 18:05:13 +0000[diff] [blame]4790conditions in the same way.</p>
Dan Gohman91c284c2007-10-15 20:30:11 +0000[diff] [blame]4791</div>
4792
Chris Lattnerf4d252d2006-09-08 06:34:02 +0000[diff] [blame]4793
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4794<!-- ======================================================================= -->
4795<div class="doc_subsection">
Nate Begeman7e36c472006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4796 <a name="int_manip">Bit Manipulation Intrinsics</a>
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4797</div>
4798
4799<div class="doc_text">
4800<p>
Nate Begeman7e36c472006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4801LLVM provides intrinsics for a few important bit manipulation operations.
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4802These allow efficient code generation for some algorithms.
4803</p>
4804
4805</div>
4806
4807<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4808<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4809 <a name="int_bswap">'<tt>llvm.bswap.*</tt>' Intrinsics</a>
Nate Begeman7e36c472006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4810</div>
4811
4812<div class="doc_text">
4813
4814<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer409e28f2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4815<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic function. You can use bswap on any integer
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4816type that is an even number of bytes (i.e. BitWidth % 16 == 0).
Nate Begeman7e36c472006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4817<pre>
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4818 declare i16 @llvm.bswap.i16(i16 &lt;id&gt;)
4819 declare i32 @llvm.bswap.i32(i32 &lt;id&gt;)
4820 declare i64 @llvm.bswap.i64(i64 &lt;id&gt;)
Nate Begeman7e36c472006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4821</pre>
4822
4823<h5>Overview:</h5>
4824
4825<p>
Reid Spencer338ea092007-04-02 02:25:19 +0000[diff] [blame]4826The '<tt>llvm.bswap</tt>' family of intrinsics is used to byte swap integer
Reid Spencer409e28f2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4827values with an even number of bytes (positive multiple of 16 bits). These are
4828useful for performing operations on data that is not in the target's native
4829byte order.
Nate Begeman7e36c472006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4830</p>
4831
4832<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4833
4834<p>
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4835The <tt>llvm.bswap.i16</tt> intrinsic returns an i16 value that has the high
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4836and low byte of the input i16 swapped. Similarly, the <tt>llvm.bswap.i32</tt>
4837intrinsic returns an i32 value that has the four bytes of the input i32
4838swapped, so that if the input bytes are numbered 0, 1, 2, 3 then the returned
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4839i32 will have its bytes in 3, 2, 1, 0 order. The <tt>llvm.bswap.i48</tt>,
4840<tt>llvm.bswap.i64</tt> and other intrinsics extend this concept to
Reid Spencer409e28f2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4841additional even-byte lengths (6 bytes, 8 bytes and more, respectively).
Nate Begeman7e36c472006-01-13 23:26:38 +0000[diff] [blame]4842</p>
4843
4844</div>
4845
4846<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4847<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencer0b118202006-01-16 21:12:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4848 <a name="int_ctpop">'<tt>llvm.ctpop.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4849</div>
4850
4851<div class="doc_text">
4852
4853<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer409e28f2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4854<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use llvm.ctpop on any integer bit
4855width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4856<pre>
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4857 declare i8 @llvm.ctpop.i8 (i8 &lt;src&gt;)
4858 declare i16 @llvm.ctpop.i16(i16 &lt;src&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4859 declare i32 @llvm.ctpop.i32(i32 &lt;src&gt;)
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4860 declare i64 @llvm.ctpop.i64(i64 &lt;src&gt;)
4861 declare i256 @llvm.ctpop.i256(i256 &lt;src&gt;)
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4862</pre>
4863
4864<h5>Overview:</h5>
4865
4866<p>
Chris Lattnerec6cb612006-01-16 22:38:59 +0000[diff] [blame]4867The '<tt>llvm.ctpop</tt>' family of intrinsics counts the number of bits set in a
4868value.
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4869</p>
4870
4871<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4872
4873<p>
Chris Lattnercfe6b372005-05-07 01:46:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4874The only argument is the value to be counted. The argument may be of any
Reid Spencera5173382007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4875integer type. The return type must match the argument type.
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4876</p>
4877
4878<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4879
4880<p>
4881The '<tt>llvm.ctpop</tt>' intrinsic counts the 1's in a variable.
4882</p>
4883</div>
4884
4885<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4886<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Chris Lattner8a886be2006-01-16 22:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4887 <a name="int_ctlz">'<tt>llvm.ctlz.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4888</div>
4889
4890<div class="doc_text">
4891
4892<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer409e28f2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4893<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.ctlz</tt> on any
4894integer bit width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4895<pre>
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4896 declare i8 @llvm.ctlz.i8 (i8 &lt;src&gt;)
4897 declare i16 @llvm.ctlz.i16(i16 &lt;src&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4898 declare i32 @llvm.ctlz.i32(i32 &lt;src&gt;)
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4899 declare i64 @llvm.ctlz.i64(i64 &lt;src&gt;)
4900 declare i256 @llvm.ctlz.i256(i256 &lt;src&gt;)
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4901</pre>
4902
4903<h5>Overview:</h5>
4904
4905<p>
Reid Spencer0b118202006-01-16 21:12:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4906The '<tt>llvm.ctlz</tt>' family of intrinsic functions counts the number of
4907leading zeros in a variable.
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4908</p>
4909
4910<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4911
4912<p>
Chris Lattnercfe6b372005-05-07 01:46:40 +0000[diff] [blame]4913The only argument is the value to be counted. The argument may be of any
Reid Spencera5173382007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4914integer type. The return type must match the argument type.
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4915</p>
4916
4917<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4918
4919<p>
Chris Lattnereff29ab2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4920The '<tt>llvm.ctlz</tt>' intrinsic counts the leading (most significant) zeros
4921in a variable. If the src == 0 then the result is the size in bits of the type
Reid Spencerca86e162006-12-31 07:07:53 +0000[diff] [blame]4922of src. For example, <tt>llvm.ctlz(i32 2) = 30</tt>.
Andrew Lenharthec370fd2005-05-03 18:01:48 +0000[diff] [blame]4923</p>
4924</div>
Chris Lattner32006282004-06-11 02:28:03 +0000[diff] [blame]4925
4926
Chris Lattnereff29ab2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4927
4928<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4929<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Chris Lattner8a886be2006-01-16 22:34:14 +0000[diff] [blame]4930 <a name="int_cttz">'<tt>llvm.cttz.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Chris Lattnereff29ab2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4931</div>
4932
4933<div class="doc_text">
4934
4935<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencer409e28f2007-04-01 08:04:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4936<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.cttz</tt> on any
4937integer bit width. Not all targets support all bit widths however.
Chris Lattnereff29ab2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4938<pre>
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4939 declare i8 @llvm.cttz.i8 (i8 &lt;src&gt;)
4940 declare i16 @llvm.cttz.i16(i16 &lt;src&gt;)
Anton Korobeynikovec43a062007-03-22 00:02:17 +0000[diff] [blame]4941 declare i32 @llvm.cttz.i32(i32 &lt;src&gt;)
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4942 declare i64 @llvm.cttz.i64(i64 &lt;src&gt;)
4943 declare i256 @llvm.cttz.i256(i256 &lt;src&gt;)
Chris Lattnereff29ab2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4944</pre>
4945
4946<h5>Overview:</h5>
4947
4948<p>
Reid Spencer0b118202006-01-16 21:12:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4949The '<tt>llvm.cttz</tt>' family of intrinsic functions counts the number of
4950trailing zeros.
Chris Lattnereff29ab2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4951</p>
4952
4953<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4954
4955<p>
4956The only argument is the value to be counted. The argument may be of any
Reid Spencera5173382007-01-04 16:43:23 +0000[diff] [blame]4957integer type. The return type must match the argument type.
Chris Lattnereff29ab2005-05-15 19:39:26 +0000[diff] [blame]4958</p>
4959
4960<h5>Semantics:</h5>
4961
4962<p>
4963The '<tt>llvm.cttz</tt>' intrinsic counts the trailing (least significant) zeros
4964in a variable. If the src == 0 then the result is the size in bits of the type
4965of src. For example, <tt>llvm.cttz(2) = 1</tt>.
4966</p>
4967</div>
4968
Reid Spencer497d93e2007-04-01 08:27:01 +0000[diff] [blame]4969<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
4970<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Reid Spencerbeacf662007-04-10 02:51:31 +0000[diff] [blame]4971 <a name="int_part_select">'<tt>llvm.part.select.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Reid Spencera13ba7d2007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]4972</div>
4973
4974<div class="doc_text">
4975
4976<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Reid Spencerbeacf662007-04-10 02:51:31 +0000[diff] [blame]4977<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.part.select</tt>
Reid Spencera13ba7d2007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]4978on any integer bit width.
4979<pre>
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]4980 declare i17 @llvm.part.select.i17 (i17 %val, i32 %loBit, i32 %hiBit)
4981 declare i29 @llvm.part.select.i29 (i29 %val, i32 %loBit, i32 %hiBit)
Reid Spencera13ba7d2007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]4982</pre>
4983
4984<h5>Overview:</h5>
Reid Spencerbeacf662007-04-10 02:51:31 +0000[diff] [blame]4985<p>The '<tt>llvm.part.select</tt>' family of intrinsic functions selects a
Reid Spencera13ba7d2007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]4986range of bits from an integer value and returns them in the same bit width as
4987the original value.</p>
4988
4989<h5>Arguments:</h5>
4990<p>The first argument, <tt>%val</tt> and the result may be integer types of
4991any bit width but they must have the same bit width. The second and third
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4992arguments must be <tt>i32</tt> type since they specify only a bit index.</p>
Reid Spencera13ba7d2007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]4993
4994<h5>Semantics:</h5>
Reid Spencerbeacf662007-04-10 02:51:31 +0000[diff] [blame]4995<p>The operation of the '<tt>llvm.part.select</tt>' intrinsic has two modes
Reid Spencera3e435f2007-04-04 02:42:35 +0000[diff] [blame]4996of operation: forwards and reverse. If <tt>%loBit</tt> is greater than
4997<tt>%hiBits</tt> then the intrinsic operates in reverse mode. Otherwise it
4998operates in forward mode.</p>
4999<p>In forward mode, this intrinsic is the equivalent of shifting <tt>%val</tt>
5000right by <tt>%loBit</tt> bits and then ANDing it with a mask with
Reid Spencera13ba7d2007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5001only the <tt>%hiBit - %loBit</tt> bits set, as follows:</p>
5002<ol>
5003 <li>The <tt>%val</tt> is shifted right (LSHR) by the number of bits specified
5004 by <tt>%loBits</tt>. This normalizes the value to the low order bits.</li>
5005 <li>The <tt>%loBits</tt> value is subtracted from the <tt>%hiBits</tt> value
5006 to determine the number of bits to retain.</li>
5007 <li>A mask of the retained bits is created by shifting a -1 value.</li>
5008 <li>The mask is ANDed with <tt>%val</tt> to produce the result.
5009</ol>
Reid Spencerd6a85b52007-05-14 16:14:57 +0000[diff] [blame]5010<p>In reverse mode, a similar computation is made except that the bits are
5011returned in the reverse order. So, for example, if <tt>X</tt> has the value
5012<tt>i16 0x0ACF (101011001111)</tt> and we apply
5013<tt>part.select(i16 X, 8, 3)</tt> to it, we get back the value
5014<tt>i16 0x0026 (000000100110)</tt>.</p>
Reid Spencera13ba7d2007-04-01 19:00:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5015</div>
5016
Reid Spencerf86037f2007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5017<div class="doc_subsubsection">
5018 <a name="int_part_set">'<tt>llvm.part.set.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
5019</div>
5020
5021<div class="doc_text">
5022
5023<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5024<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use <tt>llvm.part.set</tt>
5025on any integer bit width.
5026<pre>
Chandler Carruth69940402007-08-04 01:51:18 +0000[diff] [blame]5027 declare i17 @llvm.part.set.i17.i9 (i17 %val, i9 %repl, i32 %lo, i32 %hi)
5028 declare i29 @llvm.part.set.i29.i9 (i29 %val, i9 %repl, i32 %lo, i32 %hi)
Reid Spencerf86037f2007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5029</pre>
5030
5031<h5>Overview:</h5>
5032<p>The '<tt>llvm.part.set</tt>' family of intrinsic functions replaces a range
5033of bits in an integer value with another integer value. It returns the integer
5034with the replaced bits.</p>
5035
5036<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5037<p>The first argument, <tt>%val</tt> and the result may be integer types of
5038any bit width but they must have the same bit width. <tt>%val</tt> is the value
5039whose bits will be replaced. The second argument, <tt>%repl</tt> may be an
5040integer of any bit width. The third and fourth arguments must be <tt>i32</tt>
5041type since they specify only a bit index.</p>
5042
5043<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5044<p>The operation of the '<tt>llvm.part.set</tt>' intrinsic has two modes
5045of operation: forwards and reverse. If <tt>%lo</tt> is greater than
5046<tt>%hi</tt> then the intrinsic operates in reverse mode. Otherwise it
5047operates in forward mode.</p>
5048<p>For both modes, the <tt>%repl</tt> value is prepared for use by either
5049truncating it down to the size of the replacement area or zero extending it
5050up to that size.</p>
5051<p>In forward mode, the bits between <tt>%lo</tt> and <tt>%hi</tt> (inclusive)
5052are replaced with corresponding bits from <tt>%repl</tt>. That is the 0th bit
5053in <tt>%repl</tt> replaces the <tt>%lo</tt>th bit in <tt>%val</tt> and etc. up
5054to the <tt>%hi</tt>th bit.
Reid Spencerc6749c42007-05-14 16:50:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5055<p>In reverse mode, a similar computation is made except that the bits are
5056reversed. That is, the <tt>0</tt>th bit in <tt>%repl</tt> replaces the
5057<tt>%hi</tt> bit in <tt>%val</tt> and etc. down to the <tt>%lo</tt>th bit.
Reid Spencerf86037f2007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5058<h5>Examples:</h5>
5059<pre>
Reid Spencerf0dbf642007-04-12 01:03:03 +0000[diff] [blame]5060 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, 0, 4, 7) -&gt; 0xFF0F
Reid Spencerc6749c42007-05-14 16:50:20 +0000[diff] [blame]5061 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, 0, 7, 4) -&gt; 0xFF0F
5062 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, 1, 7, 4) -&gt; 0xFF8F
5063 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, F, 8, 3) -&gt; 0xFFE7
Reid Spencerf0dbf642007-04-12 01:03:03 +0000[diff] [blame]5064 llvm.part.set(0xFFFF, 0, 3, 8) -&gt; 0xFE07
Reid Spencerc8910842007-04-11 23:49:50 +0000[diff] [blame]5065</pre>
Reid Spencerf86037f2007-04-11 23:23:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5066</div>
5067
Chris Lattner8ff75902004-01-06 05:31:32 +0000[diff] [blame]5068<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5069<div class="doc_subsection">
5070 <a name="int_debugger">Debugger Intrinsics</a>
5071</div>
5072
5073<div class="doc_text">
5074<p>
5075The LLVM debugger intrinsics (which all start with <tt>llvm.dbg.</tt> prefix),
5076are described in the <a
5077href="SourceLevelDebugging.html#format_common_intrinsics">LLVM Source Level
5078Debugging</a> document.
5079</p>
5080</div>
5081
5082
Jim Laskeydd4ef1b2007-03-14 19:31:19 +0000[diff] [blame]5083<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5084<div class="doc_subsection">
5085 <a name="int_eh">Exception Handling Intrinsics</a>
5086</div>
5087
5088<div class="doc_text">
5089<p> The LLVM exception handling intrinsics (which all start with
5090<tt>llvm.eh.</tt> prefix), are described in the <a
5091href="ExceptionHandling.html#format_common_intrinsics">LLVM Exception
5092Handling</a> document. </p>
5093</div>
5094
Tanya Lattner6d806e92007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5095<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5096<div class="doc_subsection">
Duncan Sandsf7331b32007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5097 <a name="int_trampoline">Trampoline Intrinsic</a>
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5098</div>
5099
5100<div class="doc_text">
5101<p>
Duncan Sandsf7331b32007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5102 This intrinsic makes it possible to excise one parameter, marked with
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5103 the <tt>nest</tt> attribute, from a function. The result is a callable
5104 function pointer lacking the nest parameter - the caller does not need
5105 to provide a value for it. Instead, the value to use is stored in
5106 advance in a "trampoline", a block of memory usually allocated
5107 on the stack, which also contains code to splice the nest value into the
5108 argument list. This is used to implement the GCC nested function address
5109 extension.
5110</p>
5111<p>
5112 For example, if the function is
5113 <tt>i32 f(i8* nest %c, i32 %x, i32 %y)</tt> then the resulting function
Bill Wendling03295ca2007-09-22 09:23:55 +0000[diff] [blame]5114 pointer has signature <tt>i32 (i32, i32)*</tt>. It can be created as follows:</p>
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5115<pre>
Duncan Sandsf7331b32007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5116 %tramp = alloca [10 x i8], align 4 ; size and alignment only correct for X86
5117 %tramp1 = getelementptr [10 x i8]* %tramp, i32 0, i32 0
5118 %p = call i8* @llvm.init.trampoline( i8* %tramp1, i8* bitcast (i32 (i8* nest , i32, i32)* @f to i8*), i8* %nval )
5119 %fp = bitcast i8* %p to i32 (i32, i32)*
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5120</pre>
Bill Wendling03295ca2007-09-22 09:23:55 +0000[diff] [blame]5121 <p>The call <tt>%val = call i32 %fp( i32 %x, i32 %y )</tt> is then equivalent
5122 to <tt>%val = call i32 %f( i8* %nval, i32 %x, i32 %y )</tt>.</p>
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5123</div>
5124
5125<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5126<div class="doc_subsubsection">
5127 <a name="int_it">'<tt>llvm.init.trampoline</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
5128</div>
5129<div class="doc_text">
5130<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5131<pre>
Duncan Sandsf7331b32007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5132declare i8* @llvm.init.trampoline(i8* &lt;tramp&gt;, i8* &lt;func&gt;, i8* &lt;nval&gt;)
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5133</pre>
5134<h5>Overview:</h5>
5135<p>
Duncan Sandsf7331b32007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5136 This fills the memory pointed to by <tt>tramp</tt> with code
5137 and returns a function pointer suitable for executing it.
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5138</p>
5139<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5140<p>
5141 The <tt>llvm.init.trampoline</tt> intrinsic takes three arguments, all
5142 pointers. The <tt>tramp</tt> argument must point to a sufficiently large
5143 and sufficiently aligned block of memory; this memory is written to by the
Duncan Sandsc00c2ba2007-08-22 23:39:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5144 intrinsic. Note that the size and the alignment are target-specific - LLVM
5145 currently provides no portable way of determining them, so a front-end that
5146 generates this intrinsic needs to have some target-specific knowledge.
5147 The <tt>func</tt> argument must hold a function bitcast to an <tt>i8*</tt>.
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5148</p>
5149<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5150<p>
5151 The block of memory pointed to by <tt>tramp</tt> is filled with target
Duncan Sandsf7331b32007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5152 dependent code, turning it into a function. A pointer to this function is
5153 returned, but needs to be bitcast to an
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5154 <a href="#int_trampoline">appropriate function pointer type</a>
Duncan Sandsf7331b32007-09-11 14:10:23 +0000[diff] [blame]5155 before being called. The new function's signature is the same as that of
5156 <tt>func</tt> with any arguments marked with the <tt>nest</tt> attribute
5157 removed. At most one such <tt>nest</tt> argument is allowed, and it must be
5158 of pointer type. Calling the new function is equivalent to calling
5159 <tt>func</tt> with the same argument list, but with <tt>nval</tt> used for the
5160 missing <tt>nest</tt> argument. If, after calling
5161 <tt>llvm.init.trampoline</tt>, the memory pointed to by <tt>tramp</tt> is
5162 modified, then the effect of any later call to the returned function pointer is
5163 undefined.
Duncan Sands36397f52007-07-27 12:58:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5164</p>
5165</div>
5166
5167<!-- ======================================================================= -->
5168<div class="doc_subsection">
Tanya Lattner6d806e92007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5169 <a name="int_general">General Intrinsics</a>
5170</div>
5171
5172<div class="doc_text">
5173<p> This class of intrinsics is designed to be generic and has
5174no specific purpose. </p>
5175</div>
5176
5177<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5178<div class="doc_subsubsection">
5179 <a name="int_var_annotation">'<tt>llvm.var.annotation</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
5180</div>
5181
5182<div class="doc_text">
5183
5184<h5>Syntax:</h5>
5185<pre>
Tanya Lattnerd2e84422007-06-18 23:42:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5186 declare void @llvm.var.annotation(i8* &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
Tanya Lattner6d806e92007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5187</pre>
5188
5189<h5>Overview:</h5>
5190
5191<p>
5192The '<tt>llvm.var.annotation</tt>' intrinsic
5193</p>
5194
5195<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5196
5197<p>
Tanya Lattnerd2e84422007-06-18 23:42:37 +0000[diff] [blame]5198The first argument is a pointer to a value, the second is a pointer to a
5199global string, the third is a pointer to a global string which is the source
5200file name, and the last argument is the line number.
Tanya Lattner6d806e92007-06-15 20:50:54 +0000[diff] [blame]5201</p>
5202
5203<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5204
5205<p>
5206This intrinsic allows annotation of local variables with arbitrary strings.
5207This can be useful for special purpose optimizations that want to look for these
5208 annotations. These have no other defined use, they are ignored by code
5209 generation and optimization.
5210</div>
5211
Tanya Lattnerb6367882007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]5212<!-- _______________________________________________________________________ -->
5213<div class="doc_subsubsection">
Tanya Lattnere1a8da02007-09-21 23:57:59 +0000[diff] [blame]5214 <a name="int_annotation">'<tt>llvm.annotation.*</tt>' Intrinsic</a>
Tanya Lattnerb6367882007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]5215</div>
5216
5217<div class="doc_text">
5218
5219<h5>Syntax:</h5>
Tanya Lattner39cfba62007-09-21 23:56:27 +0000[diff] [blame]5220<p>This is an overloaded intrinsic. You can use '<tt>llvm.annotation</tt>' on
5221any integer bit width.
5222</p>
Tanya Lattnerb6367882007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]5223<pre>
Tanya Lattnerd3989a82007-09-22 00:03:01 +0000[diff] [blame]5224 declare i8 @llvm.annotation.i8(i8 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
5225 declare i16 @llvm.annotation.i16(i16 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
5226 declare i32 @llvm.annotation.i32(i32 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
5227 declare i64 @llvm.annotation.i64(i64 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
5228 declare i256 @llvm.annotation.i256(i256 &lt;val&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i8* &lt;str&gt;, i32 &lt;int&gt; )
Tanya Lattnerb6367882007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]5229</pre>
5230
5231<h5>Overview:</h5>
Tanya Lattner39cfba62007-09-21 23:56:27 +0000[diff] [blame]5232
5233<p>
5234The '<tt>llvm.annotation</tt>' intrinsic.
Tanya Lattnerb6367882007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]5235</p>
5236
5237<h5>Arguments:</h5>
5238
5239<p>
5240The first argument is an integer value (result of some expression),
5241the second is a pointer to a global string, the third is a pointer to a global
5242string which is the source file name, and the last argument is the line number.
Tanya Lattner39cfba62007-09-21 23:56:27 +0000[diff] [blame]5243It returns the value of the first argument.
Tanya Lattnerb6367882007-09-21 22:59:12 +0000[diff] [blame]5244</p>
5245
5246<h5>Semantics:</h5>
5247
5248<p>
5249This intrinsic allows annotations to be put on arbitrary expressions
5250with arbitrary strings. This can be useful for special purpose optimizations
5251that want to look for these annotations. These have no other defined use, they
5252are ignored by code generation and optimization.
5253</div>
Jim Laskeydd4ef1b2007-03-14 19:31:19 +0000[diff] [blame]5254
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]5255<!-- *********************************************************************** -->
Chris Lattner00950542001-06-06 20:29:01 +0000[diff] [blame]5256<hr>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]5257<address>
5258 <a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/check/referer"><img
5259 src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss" alt="Valid CSS!"></a>
5260 <a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer"><img
Chris Lattnerc7d3ab32008-01-04 04:33:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5261 src="http://www.w3.org/Icons/valid-html401" alt="Valid HTML 4.01!"></a>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]5262
5263 <a href="mailto:sabre@nondot.org">Chris Lattner</a><br>
Reid Spencer05fe4b02006-03-14 05:39:39 +0000[diff] [blame]5264 <a href="http://llvm.org">The LLVM Compiler Infrastructure</a><br>
Misha Brukmandaa4cb02004-03-01 17:47:27 +0000[diff] [blame]5265 Last modified: $Date$
5266</address>
Chris Lattnerc7d3ab32008-01-04 04:33:49 +0000[diff] [blame]5267
Misha Brukman9d0919f2003-11-08 01:05:38 +0000[diff] [blame]5268</body>
5269</html>