sound/pci/hda/hda_intel.c

/*
 *
 *  hda_intel.c - Implementation of primary alsa driver code base
 *                for Intel HD Audio.
 *
 *  Copyright(c) 2004 Intel Corporation. All rights reserved.
 *
 *  Copyright (c) 2004 Takashi Iwai <tiwai@suse.de>
 *                     PeiSen Hou <pshou@realtek.com.tw>
 *
 *  This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 *  under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
 *  Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option)
 *  any later version.
 *
 *  This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 *  ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 *  FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for
 *  more details.
 *
 *  You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with
 *  this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 59
 *  Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA  02111-1307, USA.
 *
 *  CONTACTS:
 *
 *  Matt Jared		matt.jared@intel.com
 *  Andy Kopp		andy.kopp@intel.com
 *  Dan Kogan		dan.d.kogan@intel.com
 *
 *  CHANGES:
 *
 *  2004.12.01	Major rewrite by tiwai, merged the work of pshou
 * 
 */

#include <asm/io.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/interrupt.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/dma-mapping.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#include <linux/slab.h>
#include <linux/pci.h>
#include <linux/mutex.h>
#include <sound/core.h>
#include <sound/initval.h>
#include "hda_codec.h"


static int index[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_IDX;
static char *id[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_STR;
static int enable[SNDRV_CARDS] = SNDRV_DEFAULT_ENABLE_PNP;
static char *model[SNDRV_CARDS];
static int position_fix[SNDRV_CARDS];
static int bdl_pos_adj[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1};
static int probe_mask[SNDRV_CARDS] = {[0 ... (SNDRV_CARDS-1)] = -1};
static int single_cmd;
static int enable_msi;

module_param_array(index, int, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(index, "Index value for Intel HD audio interface.");
module_param_array(id, charp, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(id, "ID string for Intel HD audio interface.");
module_param_array(enable, bool, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable, "Enable Intel HD audio interface.");
module_param_array(model, charp, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(model, "Use the given board model.");
module_param_array(position_fix, int, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(position_fix, "Fix DMA pointer "
		 "(0 = auto, 1 = none, 2 = POSBUF).");
module_param_array(bdl_pos_adj, int, NULL, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(bdl_pos_adj, "BDL position adjustment offset.");
module_param_array(probe_mask, int, NULL, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(probe_mask, "Bitmask to probe codecs (default = -1).");
module_param(single_cmd, bool, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(single_cmd, "Use single command to communicate with codecs "
		 "(for debugging only).");
module_param(enable_msi, int, 0444);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(enable_msi, "Enable Message Signaled Interrupt (MSI)");

#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE
/* power_save option is defined in hda_codec.c */

/* reset the HD-audio controller in power save mode.
 * this may give more power-saving, but will take longer time to
 * wake up.
 */
static int power_save_controller = 1;
module_param(power_save_controller, bool, 0644);
MODULE_PARM_DESC(power_save_controller, "Reset controller in power save mode.");
#endif

MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_SUPPORTED_DEVICE("{{Intel, ICH6},"
			 "{Intel, ICH6M},"
			 "{Intel, ICH7},"
			 "{Intel, ESB2},"
			 "{Intel, ICH8},"
			 "{Intel, ICH9},"
			 "{Intel, ICH10},"
			 "{Intel, PCH},"
			 "{Intel, SCH},"
			 "{ATI, SB450},"
			 "{ATI, SB600},"
			 "{ATI, RS600},"
			 "{ATI, RS690},"
			 "{ATI, RS780},"
			 "{ATI, R600},"
			 "{ATI, RV630},"
			 "{ATI, RV610},"
			 "{ATI, RV670},"
			 "{ATI, RV635},"
			 "{ATI, RV620},"
			 "{ATI, RV770},"
			 "{VIA, VT8251},"
			 "{VIA, VT8237A},"
			 "{SiS, SIS966},"
			 "{ULI, M5461}}");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("Intel HDA driver");

#define SFX	"hda-intel: "


/*
 * registers
 */
#define ICH6_REG_GCAP			0x00
#define ICH6_REG_VMIN			0x02
#define ICH6_REG_VMAJ			0x03
#define ICH6_REG_OUTPAY			0x04
#define ICH6_REG_INPAY			0x06
#define ICH6_REG_GCTL			0x08
#define ICH6_REG_WAKEEN			0x0c
#define ICH6_REG_STATESTS		0x0e
#define ICH6_REG_GSTS			0x10
#define ICH6_REG_INTCTL			0x20
#define ICH6_REG_INTSTS			0x24
#define ICH6_REG_WALCLK			0x30
#define ICH6_REG_SYNC			0x34	
#define ICH6_REG_CORBLBASE		0x40
#define ICH6_REG_CORBUBASE		0x44
#define ICH6_REG_CORBWP			0x48
#define ICH6_REG_CORBRP			0x4A
#define ICH6_REG_CORBCTL		0x4c
#define ICH6_REG_CORBSTS		0x4d
#define ICH6_REG_CORBSIZE		0x4e

#define ICH6_REG_RIRBLBASE		0x50
#define ICH6_REG_RIRBUBASE		0x54
#define ICH6_REG_RIRBWP			0x58
#define ICH6_REG_RINTCNT		0x5a
#define ICH6_REG_RIRBCTL		0x5c
#define ICH6_REG_RIRBSTS		0x5d
#define ICH6_REG_RIRBSIZE		0x5e

#define ICH6_REG_IC			0x60
#define ICH6_REG_IR			0x64
#define ICH6_REG_IRS			0x68
#define   ICH6_IRS_VALID	(1<<1)
#define   ICH6_IRS_BUSY		(1<<0)

#define ICH6_REG_DPLBASE		0x70
#define ICH6_REG_DPUBASE		0x74
#define   ICH6_DPLBASE_ENABLE	0x1	/* Enable position buffer */

/* SD offset: SDI0=0x80, SDI1=0xa0, ... SDO3=0x160 */
enum { SDI0, SDI1, SDI2, SDI3, SDO0, SDO1, SDO2, SDO3 };

/* stream register offsets from stream base */
#define ICH6_REG_SD_CTL			0x00
#define ICH6_REG_SD_STS			0x03
#define ICH6_REG_SD_LPIB		0x04
#define ICH6_REG_SD_CBL			0x08
#define ICH6_REG_SD_LVI			0x0c
#define ICH6_REG_SD_FIFOW		0x0e
#define ICH6_REG_SD_FIFOSIZE		0x10
#define ICH6_REG_SD_FORMAT		0x12
#define ICH6_REG_SD_BDLPL		0x18
#define ICH6_REG_SD_BDLPU		0x1c

/* PCI space */
#define ICH6_PCIREG_TCSEL	0x44

/*
 * other constants
 */

/* max number of SDs */
/* ICH, ATI and VIA have 4 playback and 4 capture */
#define ICH6_NUM_CAPTURE	4
#define ICH6_NUM_PLAYBACK	4

/* ULI has 6 playback and 5 capture */
#define ULI_NUM_CAPTURE		5
#define ULI_NUM_PLAYBACK	6

/* ATI HDMI has 1 playback and 0 capture */
#define ATIHDMI_NUM_CAPTURE	0
#define ATIHDMI_NUM_PLAYBACK	1

/* TERA has 4 playback and 3 capture */
#define TERA_NUM_CAPTURE	3
#define TERA_NUM_PLAYBACK	4

/* this number is statically defined for simplicity */
#define MAX_AZX_DEV		16

/* max number of fragments - we may use more if allocating more pages for BDL */
#define BDL_SIZE		4096
#define AZX_MAX_BDL_ENTRIES	(BDL_SIZE / 16)
#define AZX_MAX_FRAG		32
/* max buffer size - no h/w limit, you can increase as you like */
#define AZX_MAX_BUF_SIZE	(1024*1024*1024)
/* max number of PCM devics per card */
#define AZX_MAX_PCMS		8

/* RIRB int mask: overrun[2], response[0] */
#define RIRB_INT_RESPONSE	0x01
#define RIRB_INT_OVERRUN	0x04
#define RIRB_INT_MASK		0x05

/* STATESTS int mask: SD2,SD1,SD0 */
#define AZX_MAX_CODECS		3
#define STATESTS_INT_MASK	0x07

/* SD_CTL bits */
#define SD_CTL_STREAM_RESET	0x01	/* stream reset bit */
#define SD_CTL_DMA_START	0x02	/* stream DMA start bit */
#define SD_CTL_STRIPE		(3 << 16)	/* stripe control */
#define SD_CTL_TRAFFIC_PRIO	(1 << 18)	/* traffic priority */
#define SD_CTL_DIR		(1 << 19)	/* bi-directional stream */
#define SD_CTL_STREAM_TAG_MASK	(0xf << 20)
#define SD_CTL_STREAM_TAG_SHIFT	20

/* SD_CTL and SD_STS */
#define SD_INT_DESC_ERR		0x10	/* descriptor error interrupt */
#define SD_INT_FIFO_ERR		0x08	/* FIFO error interrupt */
#define SD_INT_COMPLETE		0x04	/* completion interrupt */
#define SD_INT_MASK		(SD_INT_DESC_ERR|SD_INT_FIFO_ERR|\
				 SD_INT_COMPLETE)

/* SD_STS */
#define SD_STS_FIFO_READY	0x20	/* FIFO ready */

/* INTCTL and INTSTS */
#define ICH6_INT_ALL_STREAM	0xff	   /* all stream interrupts */
#define ICH6_INT_CTRL_EN	0x40000000 /* controller interrupt enable bit */
#define ICH6_INT_GLOBAL_EN	0x80000000 /* global interrupt enable bit */

/* GCTL unsolicited response enable bit */
#define ICH6_GCTL_UREN		(1<<8)

/* GCTL reset bit */
#define ICH6_GCTL_RESET		(1<<0)

/* CORB/RIRB control, read/write pointer */
#define ICH6_RBCTL_DMA_EN	0x02	/* enable DMA */
#define ICH6_RBCTL_IRQ_EN	0x01	/* enable IRQ */
#define ICH6_RBRWP_CLR		0x8000	/* read/write pointer clear */
/* below are so far hardcoded - should read registers in future */
#define ICH6_MAX_CORB_ENTRIES	256
#define ICH6_MAX_RIRB_ENTRIES	256

/* position fix mode */
enum {
	POS_FIX_AUTO,
	POS_FIX_LPIB,
	POS_FIX_POSBUF,
};

/* Defines for ATI HD Audio support in SB450 south bridge */
#define ATI_SB450_HDAUDIO_MISC_CNTR2_ADDR   0x42
#define ATI_SB450_HDAUDIO_ENABLE_SNOOP      0x02

/* Defines for Nvidia HDA support */
#define NVIDIA_HDA_TRANSREG_ADDR      0x4e
#define NVIDIA_HDA_ENABLE_COHBITS     0x0f
#define NVIDIA_HDA_ISTRM_COH          0x4d
#define NVIDIA_HDA_OSTRM_COH          0x4c
#define NVIDIA_HDA_ENABLE_COHBIT      0x01

/* Defines for Intel SCH HDA snoop control */
#define INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC      0x78
#define INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP       (0x1<<11)


/*
 */

struct azx_dev {
	struct snd_dma_buffer bdl; /* BDL buffer */
	u32 *posbuf;		/* position buffer pointer */

	unsigned int bufsize;	/* size of the play buffer in bytes */
	unsigned int period_bytes; /* size of the period in bytes */
	unsigned int frags;	/* number for period in the play buffer */
	unsigned int fifo_size;	/* FIFO size */

	void __iomem *sd_addr;	/* stream descriptor pointer */

	u32 sd_int_sta_mask;	/* stream int status mask */

	/* pcm support */
	struct snd_pcm_substream *substream;	/* assigned substream,
						 * set in PCM open
						 */
	unsigned int format_val;	/* format value to be set in the
					 * controller and the codec
					 */
	unsigned char stream_tag;	/* assigned stream */
	unsigned char index;		/* stream index */

	unsigned int opened :1;
	unsigned int running :1;
	unsigned int irq_pending :1;
	unsigned int irq_ignore :1;
};

/* CORB/RIRB */
struct azx_rb {
	u32 *buf;		/* CORB/RIRB buffer
				 * Each CORB entry is 4byte, RIRB is 8byte
				 */
	dma_addr_t addr;	/* physical address of CORB/RIRB buffer */
	/* for RIRB */
	unsigned short rp, wp;	/* read/write pointers */
	int cmds;		/* number of pending requests */
	u32 res;		/* last read value */
};

struct azx {
	struct snd_card *card;
	struct pci_dev *pci;
	int dev_index;

	/* chip type specific */
	int driver_type;
	int playback_streams;
	int playback_index_offset;
	int capture_streams;
	int capture_index_offset;
	int num_streams;

	/* pci resources */
	unsigned long addr;
	void __iomem *remap_addr;
	int irq;

	/* locks */
	spinlock_t reg_lock;
	struct mutex open_mutex;

	/* streams (x num_streams) */
	struct azx_dev *azx_dev;

	/* PCM */
	struct snd_pcm *pcm[AZX_MAX_PCMS];

	/* HD codec */
	unsigned short codec_mask;
	struct hda_bus *bus;

	/* CORB/RIRB */
	struct azx_rb corb;
	struct azx_rb rirb;

	/* CORB/RIRB and position buffers */
	struct snd_dma_buffer rb;
	struct snd_dma_buffer posbuf;

	/* flags */
	int position_fix;
	unsigned int running :1;
	unsigned int initialized :1;
	unsigned int single_cmd :1;
	unsigned int polling_mode :1;
	unsigned int msi :1;
	unsigned int irq_pending_warned :1;

	/* for debugging */
	unsigned int last_cmd;	/* last issued command (to sync) */

	/* for pending irqs */
	struct work_struct irq_pending_work;
};

/* driver types */
enum {
	AZX_DRIVER_ICH,
	AZX_DRIVER_SCH,
	AZX_DRIVER_ATI,
	AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI,
	AZX_DRIVER_VIA,
	AZX_DRIVER_SIS,
	AZX_DRIVER_ULI,
	AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA,
	AZX_DRIVER_TERA,
};

static char *driver_short_names[] __devinitdata = {
	[AZX_DRIVER_ICH] = "HDA Intel",
	[AZX_DRIVER_SCH] = "HDA Intel MID",
	[AZX_DRIVER_ATI] = "HDA ATI SB",
	[AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI] = "HDA ATI HDMI",
	[AZX_DRIVER_VIA] = "HDA VIA VT82xx",
	[AZX_DRIVER_SIS] = "HDA SIS966",
	[AZX_DRIVER_ULI] = "HDA ULI M5461",
	[AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA] = "HDA NVidia",
	[AZX_DRIVER_TERA] = "HDA Teradici", 
};

/*
 * macros for easy use
 */
#define azx_writel(chip,reg,value) \
	writel(value, (chip)->remap_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_readl(chip,reg) \
	readl((chip)->remap_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_writew(chip,reg,value) \
	writew(value, (chip)->remap_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_readw(chip,reg) \
	readw((chip)->remap_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_writeb(chip,reg,value) \
	writeb(value, (chip)->remap_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_readb(chip,reg) \
	readb((chip)->remap_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)

#define azx_sd_writel(dev,reg,value) \
	writel(value, (dev)->sd_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_sd_readl(dev,reg) \
	readl((dev)->sd_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_sd_writew(dev,reg,value) \
	writew(value, (dev)->sd_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_sd_readw(dev,reg) \
	readw((dev)->sd_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_sd_writeb(dev,reg,value) \
	writeb(value, (dev)->sd_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)
#define azx_sd_readb(dev,reg) \
	readb((dev)->sd_addr + ICH6_REG_##reg)

/* for pcm support */
#define get_azx_dev(substream) (substream->runtime->private_data)

static int azx_acquire_irq(struct azx *chip, int do_disconnect);

/*
 * Interface for HD codec
 */

/*
 * CORB / RIRB interface
 */
static int azx_alloc_cmd_io(struct azx *chip)
{
	int err;

	/* single page (at least 4096 bytes) must suffice for both ringbuffes */
	err = snd_dma_alloc_pages(SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV,
				  snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci),
				  PAGE_SIZE, &chip->rb);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "cannot allocate CORB/RIRB\n");
		return err;
	}
	return 0;
}

static void azx_init_cmd_io(struct azx *chip)
{
	/* CORB set up */
	chip->corb.addr = chip->rb.addr;
	chip->corb.buf = (u32 *)chip->rb.area;
	azx_writel(chip, CORBLBASE, (u32)chip->corb.addr);
	azx_writel(chip, CORBUBASE, upper_32_bits(chip->corb.addr));

	/* set the corb size to 256 entries (ULI requires explicitly) */
	azx_writeb(chip, CORBSIZE, 0x02);
	/* set the corb write pointer to 0 */
	azx_writew(chip, CORBWP, 0);
	/* reset the corb hw read pointer */
	azx_writew(chip, CORBRP, ICH6_RBRWP_CLR);
	/* enable corb dma */
	azx_writeb(chip, CORBCTL, ICH6_RBCTL_DMA_EN);

	/* RIRB set up */
	chip->rirb.addr = chip->rb.addr + 2048;
	chip->rirb.buf = (u32 *)(chip->rb.area + 2048);
	azx_writel(chip, RIRBLBASE, (u32)chip->rirb.addr);
	azx_writel(chip, RIRBUBASE, upper_32_bits(chip->rirb.addr));

	/* set the rirb size to 256 entries (ULI requires explicitly) */
	azx_writeb(chip, RIRBSIZE, 0x02);
	/* reset the rirb hw write pointer */
	azx_writew(chip, RIRBWP, ICH6_RBRWP_CLR);
	/* set N=1, get RIRB response interrupt for new entry */
	azx_writew(chip, RINTCNT, 1);
	/* enable rirb dma and response irq */
	azx_writeb(chip, RIRBCTL, ICH6_RBCTL_DMA_EN | ICH6_RBCTL_IRQ_EN);
	chip->rirb.rp = chip->rirb.cmds = 0;
}

static void azx_free_cmd_io(struct azx *chip)
{
	/* disable ringbuffer DMAs */
	azx_writeb(chip, RIRBCTL, 0);
	azx_writeb(chip, CORBCTL, 0);
}

/* send a command */
static int azx_corb_send_cmd(struct hda_codec *codec, u32 val)
{
	struct azx *chip = codec->bus->private_data;
	unsigned int wp;

	/* add command to corb */
	wp = azx_readb(chip, CORBWP);
	wp++;
	wp %= ICH6_MAX_CORB_ENTRIES;

	spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
	chip->rirb.cmds++;
	chip->corb.buf[wp] = cpu_to_le32(val);
	azx_writel(chip, CORBWP, wp);
	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);

	return 0;
}

#define ICH6_RIRB_EX_UNSOL_EV	(1<<4)

/* retrieve RIRB entry - called from interrupt handler */
static void azx_update_rirb(struct azx *chip)
{
	unsigned int rp, wp;
	u32 res, res_ex;

	wp = azx_readb(chip, RIRBWP);
	if (wp == chip->rirb.wp)
		return;
	chip->rirb.wp = wp;
		
	while (chip->rirb.rp != wp) {
		chip->rirb.rp++;
		chip->rirb.rp %= ICH6_MAX_RIRB_ENTRIES;

		rp = chip->rirb.rp << 1; /* an RIRB entry is 8-bytes */
		res_ex = le32_to_cpu(chip->rirb.buf[rp + 1]);
		res = le32_to_cpu(chip->rirb.buf[rp]);
		if (res_ex & ICH6_RIRB_EX_UNSOL_EV)
			snd_hda_queue_unsol_event(chip->bus, res, res_ex);
		else if (chip->rirb.cmds) {
			chip->rirb.res = res;
			smp_wmb();
			chip->rirb.cmds--;
		}
	}
}

/* receive a response */
static unsigned int azx_rirb_get_response(struct hda_codec *codec)
{
	struct azx *chip = codec->bus->private_data;
	unsigned long timeout;

 again:
	timeout = jiffies + msecs_to_jiffies(1000);
	for (;;) {
		if (chip->polling_mode) {
			spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
			azx_update_rirb(chip);
			spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
		}
		if (!chip->rirb.cmds) {
			smp_rmb();
			return chip->rirb.res; /* the last value */
		}
		if (time_after(jiffies, timeout))
			break;
		if (codec->bus->needs_damn_long_delay)
			msleep(2); /* temporary workaround */
		else {
			udelay(10);
			cond_resched();
		}
	}

	if (chip->msi) {
		snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "hda_intel: No response from codec, "
			   "disabling MSI: last cmd=0x%08x\n", chip->last_cmd);
		free_irq(chip->irq, chip);
		chip->irq = -1;
		pci_disable_msi(chip->pci);
		chip->msi = 0;
		if (azx_acquire_irq(chip, 1) < 0)
			return -1;
		goto again;
	}

	if (!chip->polling_mode) {
		snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, "
			   "switching to polling mode: last cmd=0x%08x\n",
			   chip->last_cmd);
		chip->polling_mode = 1;
		goto again;
	}

	snd_printk(KERN_ERR "hda_intel: azx_get_response timeout, "
		   "switching to single_cmd mode: last cmd=0x%08x\n",
		   chip->last_cmd);
	chip->rirb.rp = azx_readb(chip, RIRBWP);
	chip->rirb.cmds = 0;
	/* switch to single_cmd mode */
	chip->single_cmd = 1;
	azx_free_cmd_io(chip);
	return -1;
}

/*
 * Use the single immediate command instead of CORB/RIRB for simplicity
 *
 * Note: according to Intel, this is not preferred use.  The command was
 *       intended for the BIOS only, and may get confused with unsolicited
 *       responses.  So, we shouldn't use it for normal operation from the
 *       driver.
 *       I left the codes, however, for debugging/testing purposes.
 */

/* send a command */
static int azx_single_send_cmd(struct hda_codec *codec, u32 val)
{
	struct azx *chip = codec->bus->private_data;
	int timeout = 50;

	while (timeout--) {
		/* check ICB busy bit */
		if (!((azx_readw(chip, IRS) & ICH6_IRS_BUSY))) {
			/* Clear IRV valid bit */
			azx_writew(chip, IRS, azx_readw(chip, IRS) |
				   ICH6_IRS_VALID);
			azx_writel(chip, IC, val);
			azx_writew(chip, IRS, azx_readw(chip, IRS) |
				   ICH6_IRS_BUSY);
			return 0;
		}
		udelay(1);
	}
	if (printk_ratelimit())
		snd_printd(SFX "send_cmd timeout: IRS=0x%x, val=0x%x\n",
			   azx_readw(chip, IRS), val);
	return -EIO;
}

/* receive a response */
static unsigned int azx_single_get_response(struct hda_codec *codec)
{
	struct azx *chip = codec->bus->private_data;
	int timeout = 50;

	while (timeout--) {
		/* check IRV busy bit */
		if (azx_readw(chip, IRS) & ICH6_IRS_VALID)
			return azx_readl(chip, IR);
		udelay(1);
	}
	if (printk_ratelimit())
		snd_printd(SFX "get_response timeout: IRS=0x%x\n",
			   azx_readw(chip, IRS));
	return (unsigned int)-1;
}

/*
 * The below are the main callbacks from hda_codec.
 *
 * They are just the skeleton to call sub-callbacks according to the
 * current setting of chip->single_cmd.
 */

/* send a command */
static int azx_send_cmd(struct hda_codec *codec, hda_nid_t nid,
			int direct, unsigned int verb,
			unsigned int para)
{
	struct azx *chip = codec->bus->private_data;
	u32 val;

	val = (u32)(codec->addr & 0x0f) << 28;
	val |= (u32)direct << 27;
	val |= (u32)nid << 20;
	val |= verb << 8;
	val |= para;
	chip->last_cmd = val;

	if (chip->single_cmd)
		return azx_single_send_cmd(codec, val);
	else
		return azx_corb_send_cmd(codec, val);
}

/* get a response */
static unsigned int azx_get_response(struct hda_codec *codec)
{
	struct azx *chip = codec->bus->private_data;
	if (chip->single_cmd)
		return azx_single_get_response(codec);
	else
		return azx_rirb_get_response(codec);
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE
static void azx_power_notify(struct hda_codec *codec);
#endif

/* reset codec link */
static int azx_reset(struct azx *chip)
{
	int count;

	/* clear STATESTS */
	azx_writeb(chip, STATESTS, STATESTS_INT_MASK);

	/* reset controller */
	azx_writel(chip, GCTL, azx_readl(chip, GCTL) & ~ICH6_GCTL_RESET);

	count = 50;
	while (azx_readb(chip, GCTL) && --count)
		msleep(1);

	/* delay for >= 100us for codec PLL to settle per spec
	 * Rev 0.9 section 5.5.1
	 */
	msleep(1);

	/* Bring controller out of reset */
	azx_writeb(chip, GCTL, azx_readb(chip, GCTL) | ICH6_GCTL_RESET);

	count = 50;
	while (!azx_readb(chip, GCTL) && --count)
		msleep(1);

	/* Brent Chartrand said to wait >= 540us for codecs to initialize */
	msleep(1);

	/* check to see if controller is ready */
	if (!azx_readb(chip, GCTL)) {
		snd_printd("azx_reset: controller not ready!\n");
		return -EBUSY;
	}

	/* Accept unsolicited responses */
	azx_writel(chip, GCTL, azx_readl(chip, GCTL) | ICH6_GCTL_UREN);

	/* detect codecs */
	if (!chip->codec_mask) {
		chip->codec_mask = azx_readw(chip, STATESTS);
		snd_printdd("codec_mask = 0x%x\n", chip->codec_mask);
	}

	return 0;
}


/*
 * Lowlevel interface
 */  

/* enable interrupts */
static void azx_int_enable(struct azx *chip)
{
	/* enable controller CIE and GIE */
	azx_writel(chip, INTCTL, azx_readl(chip, INTCTL) |
		   ICH6_INT_CTRL_EN | ICH6_INT_GLOBAL_EN);
}

/* disable interrupts */
static void azx_int_disable(struct azx *chip)
{
	int i;

	/* disable interrupts in stream descriptor */
	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++) {
		struct azx_dev *azx_dev = &chip->azx_dev[i];
		azx_sd_writeb(azx_dev, SD_CTL,
			      azx_sd_readb(azx_dev, SD_CTL) & ~SD_INT_MASK);
	}

	/* disable SIE for all streams */
	azx_writeb(chip, INTCTL, 0);

	/* disable controller CIE and GIE */
	azx_writel(chip, INTCTL, azx_readl(chip, INTCTL) &
		   ~(ICH6_INT_CTRL_EN | ICH6_INT_GLOBAL_EN));
}

/* clear interrupts */
static void azx_int_clear(struct azx *chip)
{
	int i;

	/* clear stream status */
	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++) {
		struct azx_dev *azx_dev = &chip->azx_dev[i];
		azx_sd_writeb(azx_dev, SD_STS, SD_INT_MASK);
	}

	/* clear STATESTS */
	azx_writeb(chip, STATESTS, STATESTS_INT_MASK);

	/* clear rirb status */
	azx_writeb(chip, RIRBSTS, RIRB_INT_MASK);

	/* clear int status */
	azx_writel(chip, INTSTS, ICH6_INT_CTRL_EN | ICH6_INT_ALL_STREAM);
}

/* start a stream */
static void azx_stream_start(struct azx *chip, struct azx_dev *azx_dev)
{
	/* enable SIE */
	azx_writeb(chip, INTCTL,
		   azx_readb(chip, INTCTL) | (1 << azx_dev->index));
	/* set DMA start and interrupt mask */
	azx_sd_writeb(azx_dev, SD_CTL, azx_sd_readb(azx_dev, SD_CTL) |
		      SD_CTL_DMA_START | SD_INT_MASK);
}

/* stop a stream */
static void azx_stream_stop(struct azx *chip, struct azx_dev *azx_dev)
{
	/* stop DMA */
	azx_sd_writeb(azx_dev, SD_CTL, azx_sd_readb(azx_dev, SD_CTL) &
		      ~(SD_CTL_DMA_START | SD_INT_MASK));
	azx_sd_writeb(azx_dev, SD_STS, SD_INT_MASK); /* to be sure */
	/* disable SIE */
	azx_writeb(chip, INTCTL,
		   azx_readb(chip, INTCTL) & ~(1 << azx_dev->index));
}


/*
 * reset and start the controller registers
 */
static void azx_init_chip(struct azx *chip)
{
	if (chip->initialized)
		return;

	/* reset controller */
	azx_reset(chip);

	/* initialize interrupts */
	azx_int_clear(chip);
	azx_int_enable(chip);

	/* initialize the codec command I/O */
	if (!chip->single_cmd)
		azx_init_cmd_io(chip);

	/* program the position buffer */
	azx_writel(chip, DPLBASE, (u32)chip->posbuf.addr);
	azx_writel(chip, DPUBASE, upper_32_bits(chip->posbuf.addr));

	chip->initialized = 1;
}

/*
 * initialize the PCI registers
 */
/* update bits in a PCI register byte */
static void update_pci_byte(struct pci_dev *pci, unsigned int reg,
			    unsigned char mask, unsigned char val)
{
	unsigned char data;

	pci_read_config_byte(pci, reg, &data);
	data &= ~mask;
	data |= (val & mask);
	pci_write_config_byte(pci, reg, data);
}

static void azx_init_pci(struct azx *chip)
{
	unsigned short snoop;

	/* Clear bits 0-2 of PCI register TCSEL (at offset 0x44)
	 * TCSEL == Traffic Class Select Register, which sets PCI express QOS
	 * Ensuring these bits are 0 clears playback static on some HD Audio
	 * codecs
	 */
	update_pci_byte(chip->pci, ICH6_PCIREG_TCSEL, 0x07, 0);

	switch (chip->driver_type) {
	case AZX_DRIVER_ATI:
		/* For ATI SB450 azalia HD audio, we need to enable snoop */
		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
				ATI_SB450_HDAUDIO_MISC_CNTR2_ADDR, 
				0x07, ATI_SB450_HDAUDIO_ENABLE_SNOOP);
		break;
	case AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA:
		/* For NVIDIA HDA, enable snoop */
		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
				NVIDIA_HDA_TRANSREG_ADDR,
				0x0f, NVIDIA_HDA_ENABLE_COHBITS);
		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
				NVIDIA_HDA_ISTRM_COH,
				0x01, NVIDIA_HDA_ENABLE_COHBIT);
		update_pci_byte(chip->pci,
				NVIDIA_HDA_OSTRM_COH,
				0x01, NVIDIA_HDA_ENABLE_COHBIT);
		break;
	case AZX_DRIVER_SCH:
		pci_read_config_word(chip->pci, INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC, &snoop);
		if (snoop & INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP) {
			pci_write_config_word(chip->pci, INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC, \
				snoop & (~INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP));
			pci_read_config_word(chip->pci,
				INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC, &snoop);
			snd_printdd("HDA snoop disabled, enabling ... %s\n",\
				(snoop & INTEL_SCH_HDA_DEVC_NOSNOOP) \
				? "Failed" : "OK");
		}
		break;

        }
}


static int azx_position_ok(struct azx *chip, struct azx_dev *azx_dev);

/*
 * interrupt handler
 */
static irqreturn_t azx_interrupt(int irq, void *dev_id)
{
	struct azx *chip = dev_id;
	struct azx_dev *azx_dev;
	u32 status;
	int i;

	spin_lock(&chip->reg_lock);

	status = azx_readl(chip, INTSTS);
	if (status == 0) {
		spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
		return IRQ_NONE;
	}
	
	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++) {
		azx_dev = &chip->azx_dev[i];
		if (status & azx_dev->sd_int_sta_mask) {
			azx_sd_writeb(azx_dev, SD_STS, SD_INT_MASK);
			if (!azx_dev->substream || !azx_dev->running)
				continue;
			/* ignore the first dummy IRQ (due to pos_adj) */
			if (azx_dev->irq_ignore) {
				azx_dev->irq_ignore = 0;
				continue;
			}
			/* check whether this IRQ is really acceptable */
			if (azx_position_ok(chip, azx_dev)) {
				azx_dev->irq_pending = 0;
				spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
				snd_pcm_period_elapsed(azx_dev->substream);
				spin_lock(&chip->reg_lock);
			} else {
				/* bogus IRQ, process it later */
				azx_dev->irq_pending = 1;
				schedule_work(&chip->irq_pending_work);
			}
		}
	}

	/* clear rirb int */
	status = azx_readb(chip, RIRBSTS);
	if (status & RIRB_INT_MASK) {
		if (!chip->single_cmd && (status & RIRB_INT_RESPONSE))
			azx_update_rirb(chip);
		azx_writeb(chip, RIRBSTS, RIRB_INT_MASK);
	}

#if 0
	/* clear state status int */
	if (azx_readb(chip, STATESTS) & 0x04)
		azx_writeb(chip, STATESTS, 0x04);
#endif
	spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
	
	return IRQ_HANDLED;
}


/*
 * set up a BDL entry
 */
static int setup_bdle(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
		      struct azx_dev *azx_dev, u32 **bdlp,
		      int ofs, int size, int with_ioc)
{
	u32 *bdl = *bdlp;

	while (size > 0) {
		dma_addr_t addr;
		int chunk;

		if (azx_dev->frags >= AZX_MAX_BDL_ENTRIES)
			return -EINVAL;

		addr = snd_pcm_sgbuf_get_addr(substream, ofs);
		/* program the address field of the BDL entry */
		bdl[0] = cpu_to_le32((u32)addr);
		bdl[1] = cpu_to_le32(upper_32_bits(addr));
		/* program the size field of the BDL entry */
		chunk = snd_pcm_sgbuf_get_chunk_size(substream, ofs, size);
		bdl[2] = cpu_to_le32(chunk);
		/* program the IOC to enable interrupt
		 * only when the whole fragment is processed
		 */
		size -= chunk;
		bdl[3] = (size || !with_ioc) ? 0 : cpu_to_le32(0x01);
		bdl += 4;
		azx_dev->frags++;
		ofs += chunk;
	}
	*bdlp = bdl;
	return ofs;
}

/*
 * set up BDL entries
 */
static int azx_setup_periods(struct azx *chip,
			     struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
			     struct azx_dev *azx_dev)
{
	u32 *bdl;
	int i, ofs, periods, period_bytes;
	int pos_adj;

	/* reset BDL address */
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_BDLPL, 0);
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_BDLPU, 0);

	period_bytes = snd_pcm_lib_period_bytes(substream);
	azx_dev->period_bytes = period_bytes;
	periods = azx_dev->bufsize / period_bytes;

	/* program the initial BDL entries */
	bdl = (u32 *)azx_dev->bdl.area;
	ofs = 0;
	azx_dev->frags = 0;
	azx_dev->irq_ignore = 0;
	pos_adj = bdl_pos_adj[chip->dev_index];
	if (pos_adj > 0) {
		struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
		int pos_align = pos_adj;
		pos_adj = (pos_adj * runtime->rate + 47999) / 48000;
		if (!pos_adj)
			pos_adj = pos_align;
		else
			pos_adj = ((pos_adj + pos_align - 1) / pos_align) *
				pos_align;
		pos_adj = frames_to_bytes(runtime, pos_adj);
		if (pos_adj >= period_bytes) {
			snd_printk(KERN_WARNING "Too big adjustment %d\n",
				   bdl_pos_adj[chip->dev_index]);
			pos_adj = 0;
		} else {
			ofs = setup_bdle(substream, azx_dev,
					 &bdl, ofs, pos_adj, 1);
			if (ofs < 0)
				goto error;
			azx_dev->irq_ignore = 1;
		}
	} else
		pos_adj = 0;
	for (i = 0; i < periods; i++) {
		if (i == periods - 1 && pos_adj)
			ofs = setup_bdle(substream, azx_dev, &bdl, ofs,
					 period_bytes - pos_adj, 0);
		else
			ofs = setup_bdle(substream, azx_dev, &bdl, ofs,
					 period_bytes, 1);
		if (ofs < 0)
			goto error;
	}
	return 0;

 error:
	snd_printk(KERN_ERR "Too many BDL entries: buffer=%d, period=%d\n",
		   azx_dev->bufsize, period_bytes);
	/* reset */
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_BDLPL, 0);
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_BDLPU, 0);
	return -EINVAL;
}

/*
 * set up the SD for streaming
 */
static int azx_setup_controller(struct azx *chip, struct azx_dev *azx_dev)
{
	unsigned char val;
	int timeout;

	/* make sure the run bit is zero for SD */
	azx_sd_writeb(azx_dev, SD_CTL, azx_sd_readb(azx_dev, SD_CTL) &
		      ~SD_CTL_DMA_START);
	/* reset stream */
	azx_sd_writeb(azx_dev, SD_CTL, azx_sd_readb(azx_dev, SD_CTL) |
		      SD_CTL_STREAM_RESET);
	udelay(3);
	timeout = 300;
	while (!((val = azx_sd_readb(azx_dev, SD_CTL)) & SD_CTL_STREAM_RESET) &&
	       --timeout)
		;
	val &= ~SD_CTL_STREAM_RESET;
	azx_sd_writeb(azx_dev, SD_CTL, val);
	udelay(3);

	timeout = 300;
	/* waiting for hardware to report that the stream is out of reset */
	while (((val = azx_sd_readb(azx_dev, SD_CTL)) & SD_CTL_STREAM_RESET) &&
	       --timeout)
		;

	/* program the stream_tag */
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_CTL,
		      (azx_sd_readl(azx_dev, SD_CTL) & ~SD_CTL_STREAM_TAG_MASK)|
		      (azx_dev->stream_tag << SD_CTL_STREAM_TAG_SHIFT));

	/* program the length of samples in cyclic buffer */
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_CBL, azx_dev->bufsize);

	/* program the stream format */
	/* this value needs to be the same as the one programmed */
	azx_sd_writew(azx_dev, SD_FORMAT, azx_dev->format_val);

	/* program the stream LVI (last valid index) of the BDL */
	azx_sd_writew(azx_dev, SD_LVI, azx_dev->frags - 1);

	/* program the BDL address */
	/* lower BDL address */
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_BDLPL, (u32)azx_dev->bdl.addr);
	/* upper BDL address */
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_BDLPU, upper_32_bits(azx_dev->bdl.addr));

	/* enable the position buffer */
	if (chip->position_fix == POS_FIX_POSBUF ||
	    chip->position_fix == POS_FIX_AUTO) {
		if (!(azx_readl(chip, DPLBASE) & ICH6_DPLBASE_ENABLE))
			azx_writel(chip, DPLBASE,
				(u32)chip->posbuf.addr | ICH6_DPLBASE_ENABLE);
	}

	/* set the interrupt enable bits in the descriptor control register */
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_CTL,
		      azx_sd_readl(azx_dev, SD_CTL) | SD_INT_MASK);

	return 0;
}


/*
 * Codec initialization
 */

static unsigned int azx_max_codecs[] __devinitdata = {
	[AZX_DRIVER_ICH] = 4,		/* Some ICH9 boards use SD3 */
	[AZX_DRIVER_SCH] = 3,
	[AZX_DRIVER_ATI] = 4,
	[AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI] = 4,
	[AZX_DRIVER_VIA] = 3,		/* FIXME: correct? */
	[AZX_DRIVER_SIS] = 3,		/* FIXME: correct? */
	[AZX_DRIVER_ULI] = 3,		/* FIXME: correct? */
	[AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA] = 3,	/* FIXME: correct? */
	[AZX_DRIVER_TERA] = 1,
};

static int __devinit azx_codec_create(struct azx *chip, const char *model,
				      unsigned int codec_probe_mask)
{
	struct hda_bus_template bus_temp;
	int c, codecs, audio_codecs, err;

	memset(&bus_temp, 0, sizeof(bus_temp));
	bus_temp.private_data = chip;
	bus_temp.modelname = model;
	bus_temp.pci = chip->pci;
	bus_temp.ops.command = azx_send_cmd;
	bus_temp.ops.get_response = azx_get_response;
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE
	bus_temp.ops.pm_notify = azx_power_notify;
#endif

	err = snd_hda_bus_new(chip->card, &bus_temp, &chip->bus);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	codecs = audio_codecs = 0;
	for (c = 0; c < AZX_MAX_CODECS; c++) {
		if ((chip->codec_mask & (1 << c)) & codec_probe_mask) {
			struct hda_codec *codec;
			err = snd_hda_codec_new(chip->bus, c, &codec);
			if (err < 0)
				continue;
			codecs++;
			if (codec->afg)
				audio_codecs++;
		}
	}
	if (!audio_codecs) {
		/* probe additional slots if no codec is found */
		for (; c < azx_max_codecs[chip->driver_type]; c++) {
			if ((chip->codec_mask & (1 << c)) & codec_probe_mask) {
				err = snd_hda_codec_new(chip->bus, c, NULL);
				if (err < 0)
					continue;
				codecs++;
			}
		}
	}
	if (!codecs) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "no codecs initialized\n");
		return -ENXIO;
	}

	return 0;
}


/*
 * PCM support
 */

/* assign a stream for the PCM */
static inline struct azx_dev *azx_assign_device(struct azx *chip, int stream)
{
	int dev, i, nums;
	if (stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK) {
		dev = chip->playback_index_offset;
		nums = chip->playback_streams;
	} else {
		dev = chip->capture_index_offset;
		nums = chip->capture_streams;
	}
	for (i = 0; i < nums; i++, dev++)
		if (!chip->azx_dev[dev].opened) {
			chip->azx_dev[dev].opened = 1;
			return &chip->azx_dev[dev];
		}
	return NULL;
}

/* release the assigned stream */
static inline void azx_release_device(struct azx_dev *azx_dev)
{
	azx_dev->opened = 0;
}

static struct snd_pcm_hardware azx_pcm_hw = {
	.info =			(SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_INTERLEAVED |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_BLOCK_TRANSFER |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_MMAP_VALID |
				 /* No full-resume yet implemented */
				 /* SNDRV_PCM_INFO_RESUME |*/
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_PAUSE |
				 SNDRV_PCM_INFO_SYNC_START),
	.formats =		SNDRV_PCM_FMTBIT_S16_LE,
	.rates =		SNDRV_PCM_RATE_48000,
	.rate_min =		48000,
	.rate_max =		48000,
	.channels_min =		2,
	.channels_max =		2,
	.buffer_bytes_max =	AZX_MAX_BUF_SIZE,
	.period_bytes_min =	128,
	.period_bytes_max =	AZX_MAX_BUF_SIZE / 2,
	.periods_min =		2,
	.periods_max =		AZX_MAX_FRAG,
	.fifo_size =		0,
};

struct azx_pcm {
	struct azx *chip;
	struct hda_codec *codec;
	struct hda_pcm_stream *hinfo[2];
};

static int azx_pcm_open(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct azx_pcm *apcm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct hda_pcm_stream *hinfo = apcm->hinfo[substream->stream];
	struct azx *chip = apcm->chip;
	struct azx_dev *azx_dev;
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;
	unsigned long flags;
	int err;

	mutex_lock(&chip->open_mutex);
	azx_dev = azx_assign_device(chip, substream->stream);
	if (azx_dev == NULL) {
		mutex_unlock(&chip->open_mutex);
		return -EBUSY;
	}
	runtime->hw = azx_pcm_hw;
	runtime->hw.channels_min = hinfo->channels_min;
	runtime->hw.channels_max = hinfo->channels_max;
	runtime->hw.formats = hinfo->formats;
	runtime->hw.rates = hinfo->rates;
	snd_pcm_limit_hw_rates(runtime);
	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_integer(runtime, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIODS);
	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_BUFFER_BYTES,
				   128);
	snd_pcm_hw_constraint_step(runtime, 0, SNDRV_PCM_HW_PARAM_PERIOD_BYTES,
				   128);
	snd_hda_power_up(apcm->codec);
	err = hinfo->ops.open(hinfo, apcm->codec, substream);
	if (err < 0) {
		azx_release_device(azx_dev);
		snd_hda_power_down(apcm->codec);
		mutex_unlock(&chip->open_mutex);
		return err;
	}
	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
	azx_dev->substream = substream;
	azx_dev->running = 0;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->reg_lock, flags);

	runtime->private_data = azx_dev;
	snd_pcm_set_sync(substream);
	mutex_unlock(&chip->open_mutex);
	return 0;
}

static int azx_pcm_close(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct azx_pcm *apcm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct hda_pcm_stream *hinfo = apcm->hinfo[substream->stream];
	struct azx *chip = apcm->chip;
	struct azx_dev *azx_dev = get_azx_dev(substream);
	unsigned long flags;

	mutex_lock(&chip->open_mutex);
	spin_lock_irqsave(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
	azx_dev->substream = NULL;
	azx_dev->running = 0;
	spin_unlock_irqrestore(&chip->reg_lock, flags);
	azx_release_device(azx_dev);
	hinfo->ops.close(hinfo, apcm->codec, substream);
	snd_hda_power_down(apcm->codec);
	mutex_unlock(&chip->open_mutex);
	return 0;
}

static int azx_pcm_hw_params(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream,
			     struct snd_pcm_hw_params *hw_params)
{
	return snd_pcm_lib_malloc_pages(substream,
					params_buffer_bytes(hw_params));
}

static int azx_pcm_hw_free(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct azx_pcm *apcm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct azx_dev *azx_dev = get_azx_dev(substream);
	struct hda_pcm_stream *hinfo = apcm->hinfo[substream->stream];

	/* reset BDL address */
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_BDLPL, 0);
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_BDLPU, 0);
	azx_sd_writel(azx_dev, SD_CTL, 0);

	hinfo->ops.cleanup(hinfo, apcm->codec, substream);

	return snd_pcm_lib_free_pages(substream);
}

static int azx_pcm_prepare(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct azx_pcm *apcm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct azx *chip = apcm->chip;
	struct azx_dev *azx_dev = get_azx_dev(substream);
	struct hda_pcm_stream *hinfo = apcm->hinfo[substream->stream];
	struct snd_pcm_runtime *runtime = substream->runtime;

	azx_dev->bufsize = snd_pcm_lib_buffer_bytes(substream);
	azx_dev->format_val = snd_hda_calc_stream_format(runtime->rate,
							 runtime->channels,
							 runtime->format,
							 hinfo->maxbps);
	if (!azx_dev->format_val) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX
			   "invalid format_val, rate=%d, ch=%d, format=%d\n",
			   runtime->rate, runtime->channels, runtime->format);
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	snd_printdd("azx_pcm_prepare: bufsize=0x%x, format=0x%x\n",
		    azx_dev->bufsize, azx_dev->format_val);
	if (azx_setup_periods(chip, substream, azx_dev) < 0)
		return -EINVAL;
	azx_setup_controller(chip, azx_dev);
	if (substream->stream == SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK)
		azx_dev->fifo_size = azx_sd_readw(azx_dev, SD_FIFOSIZE) + 1;
	else
		azx_dev->fifo_size = 0;

	return hinfo->ops.prepare(hinfo, apcm->codec, azx_dev->stream_tag,
				  azx_dev->format_val, substream);
}

static int azx_pcm_trigger(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream, int cmd)
{
	struct azx_pcm *apcm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct azx *chip = apcm->chip;
	struct azx_dev *azx_dev;
	struct snd_pcm_substream *s;
	int start, nsync = 0, sbits = 0;
	int nwait, timeout;

	switch (cmd) {
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_RELEASE:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_RESUME:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_START:
		start = 1;
		break;
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_PAUSE_PUSH:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_SUSPEND:
	case SNDRV_PCM_TRIGGER_STOP:
		start = 0;
		break;
	default:
		return -EINVAL;
	}

	snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
		if (s->pcm->card != substream->pcm->card)
			continue;
		azx_dev = get_azx_dev(s);
		sbits |= 1 << azx_dev->index;
		nsync++;
		snd_pcm_trigger_done(s, substream);
	}

	spin_lock(&chip->reg_lock);
	if (nsync > 1) {
		/* first, set SYNC bits of corresponding streams */
		azx_writel(chip, SYNC, azx_readl(chip, SYNC) | sbits);
	}
	snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
		if (s->pcm->card != substream->pcm->card)
			continue;
		azx_dev = get_azx_dev(s);
		if (start)
			azx_stream_start(chip, azx_dev);
		else
			azx_stream_stop(chip, azx_dev);
		azx_dev->running = start;
	}
	spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
	if (start) {
		if (nsync == 1)
			return 0;
		/* wait until all FIFOs get ready */
		for (timeout = 5000; timeout; timeout--) {
			nwait = 0;
			snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
				if (s->pcm->card != substream->pcm->card)
					continue;
				azx_dev = get_azx_dev(s);
				if (!(azx_sd_readb(azx_dev, SD_STS) &
				      SD_STS_FIFO_READY))
					nwait++;
			}
			if (!nwait)
				break;
			cpu_relax();
		}
	} else {
		/* wait until all RUN bits are cleared */
		for (timeout = 5000; timeout; timeout--) {
			nwait = 0;
			snd_pcm_group_for_each_entry(s, substream) {
				if (s->pcm->card != substream->pcm->card)
					continue;
				azx_dev = get_azx_dev(s);
				if (azx_sd_readb(azx_dev, SD_CTL) &
				    SD_CTL_DMA_START)
					nwait++;
			}
			if (!nwait)
				break;
			cpu_relax();
		}
	}
	if (nsync > 1) {
		spin_lock(&chip->reg_lock);
		/* reset SYNC bits */
		azx_writel(chip, SYNC, azx_readl(chip, SYNC) & ~sbits);
		spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
	}
	return 0;
}

static unsigned int azx_get_position(struct azx *chip,
				     struct azx_dev *azx_dev)
{
	unsigned int pos;

	if (chip->position_fix == POS_FIX_POSBUF ||
	    chip->position_fix == POS_FIX_AUTO) {
		/* use the position buffer */
		pos = le32_to_cpu(*azx_dev->posbuf);
	} else {
		/* read LPIB */
		pos = azx_sd_readl(azx_dev, SD_LPIB);
	}
	if (pos >= azx_dev->bufsize)
		pos = 0;
	return pos;
}

static snd_pcm_uframes_t azx_pcm_pointer(struct snd_pcm_substream *substream)
{
	struct azx_pcm *apcm = snd_pcm_substream_chip(substream);
	struct azx *chip = apcm->chip;
	struct azx_dev *azx_dev = get_azx_dev(substream);
	return bytes_to_frames(substream->runtime,
			       azx_get_position(chip, azx_dev));
}

/*
 * Check whether the current DMA position is acceptable for updating
 * periods.  Returns non-zero if it's OK.
 *
 * Many HD-audio controllers appear pretty inaccurate about
 * the update-IRQ timing.  The IRQ is issued before actually the
 * data is processed.  So, we need to process it afterwords in a
 * workqueue.
 */
static int azx_position_ok(struct azx *chip, struct azx_dev *azx_dev)
{
	unsigned int pos;

	pos = azx_get_position(chip, azx_dev);
	if (chip->position_fix == POS_FIX_AUTO) {
		if (!pos) {
			printk(KERN_WARNING
			       "hda-intel: Invalid position buffer, "
			       "using LPIB read method instead.\n");
			chip->position_fix = POS_FIX_LPIB;
			pos = azx_get_position(chip, azx_dev);
		} else
			chip->position_fix = POS_FIX_POSBUF;
	}

	if (!bdl_pos_adj[chip->dev_index])
		return 1; /* no delayed ack */
	if (pos % azx_dev->period_bytes > azx_dev->period_bytes / 2)
		return 0; /* NG - it's below the period boundary */
	return 1; /* OK, it's fine */
}

/*
 * The work for pending PCM period updates.
 */
static void azx_irq_pending_work(struct work_struct *work)
{
	struct azx *chip = container_of(work, struct azx, irq_pending_work);
	int i, pending;

	if (!chip->irq_pending_warned) {
		printk(KERN_WARNING
		       "hda-intel: IRQ timing workaround is activated "
		       "for card #%d. Suggest a bigger bdl_pos_adj.\n",
		       chip->card->number);
		chip->irq_pending_warned = 1;
	}

	for (;;) {
		pending = 0;
		spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
		for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++) {
			struct azx_dev *azx_dev = &chip->azx_dev[i];
			if (!azx_dev->irq_pending ||
			    !azx_dev->substream ||
			    !azx_dev->running)
				continue;
			if (azx_position_ok(chip, azx_dev)) {
				azx_dev->irq_pending = 0;
				spin_unlock(&chip->reg_lock);
				snd_pcm_period_elapsed(azx_dev->substream);
				spin_lock(&chip->reg_lock);
			} else
				pending++;
		}
		spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
		if (!pending)
			return;
		cond_resched();
	}
}

/* clear irq_pending flags and assure no on-going workq */
static void azx_clear_irq_pending(struct azx *chip)
{
	int i;

	spin_lock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++)
		chip->azx_dev[i].irq_pending = 0;
	spin_unlock_irq(&chip->reg_lock);
	flush_scheduled_work();
}

static struct snd_pcm_ops azx_pcm_ops = {
	.open = azx_pcm_open,
	.close = azx_pcm_close,
	.ioctl = snd_pcm_lib_ioctl,
	.hw_params = azx_pcm_hw_params,
	.hw_free = azx_pcm_hw_free,
	.prepare = azx_pcm_prepare,
	.trigger = azx_pcm_trigger,
	.pointer = azx_pcm_pointer,
	.page = snd_pcm_sgbuf_ops_page,
};

static void azx_pcm_free(struct snd_pcm *pcm)
{
	kfree(pcm->private_data);
}

static int __devinit create_codec_pcm(struct azx *chip, struct hda_codec *codec,
				      struct hda_pcm *cpcm)
{
	int err;
	struct snd_pcm *pcm;
	struct azx_pcm *apcm;

	/* if no substreams are defined for both playback and capture,
	 * it's just a placeholder.  ignore it.
	 */
	if (!cpcm->stream[0].substreams && !cpcm->stream[1].substreams)
		return 0;

	if (snd_BUG_ON(!cpcm->name))
		return -EINVAL;

	err = snd_pcm_new(chip->card, cpcm->name, cpcm->device,
			  cpcm->stream[0].substreams,
			  cpcm->stream[1].substreams,
			  &pcm);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;
	strcpy(pcm->name, cpcm->name);
	apcm = kmalloc(sizeof(*apcm), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (apcm == NULL)
		return -ENOMEM;
	apcm->chip = chip;
	apcm->codec = codec;
	apcm->hinfo[0] = &cpcm->stream[0];
	apcm->hinfo[1] = &cpcm->stream[1];
	pcm->private_data = apcm;
	pcm->private_free = azx_pcm_free;
	if (cpcm->stream[0].substreams)
		snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_PLAYBACK, &azx_pcm_ops);
	if (cpcm->stream[1].substreams)
		snd_pcm_set_ops(pcm, SNDRV_PCM_STREAM_CAPTURE, &azx_pcm_ops);
	snd_pcm_lib_preallocate_pages_for_all(pcm, SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV_SG,
					      snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci),
					      1024 * 64, 32 * 1024 * 1024);
	chip->pcm[cpcm->device] = pcm;
	return 0;
}

static int __devinit azx_pcm_create(struct azx *chip)
{
	static const char *dev_name[HDA_PCM_NTYPES] = {
		"Audio", "SPDIF", "HDMI", "Modem"
	};
	/* starting device index for each PCM type */
	static int dev_idx[HDA_PCM_NTYPES] = {
		[HDA_PCM_TYPE_AUDIO] = 0,
		[HDA_PCM_TYPE_SPDIF] = 1,
		[HDA_PCM_TYPE_HDMI] = 3,
		[HDA_PCM_TYPE_MODEM] = 6
	};
	/* normal audio device indices; not linear to keep compatibility */
	static int audio_idx[4] = { 0, 2, 4, 5 };
	struct hda_codec *codec;
	int c, err;
	int num_devs[HDA_PCM_NTYPES];

	err = snd_hda_build_pcms(chip->bus);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	/* create audio PCMs */
	memset(num_devs, 0, sizeof(num_devs));
	list_for_each_entry(codec, &chip->bus->codec_list, list) {
		for (c = 0; c < codec->num_pcms; c++) {
			struct hda_pcm *cpcm = &codec->pcm_info[c];
			int type = cpcm->pcm_type;
			switch (type) {
			case HDA_PCM_TYPE_AUDIO:
				if (num_devs[type] >= ARRAY_SIZE(audio_idx)) {
					snd_printk(KERN_WARNING
						   "Too many audio devices\n");
					continue;
				}
				cpcm->device = audio_idx[num_devs[type]];
				break;
			case HDA_PCM_TYPE_SPDIF:
			case HDA_PCM_TYPE_HDMI:
			case HDA_PCM_TYPE_MODEM:
				if (num_devs[type]) {
					snd_printk(KERN_WARNING
						   "%s already defined\n",
						   dev_name[type]);
					continue;
				}
				cpcm->device = dev_idx[type];
				break;
			default:
				snd_printk(KERN_WARNING
					   "Invalid PCM type %d\n", type);
				continue;
			}
			num_devs[type]++;
			err = create_codec_pcm(chip, codec, cpcm);
			if (err < 0)
				return err;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

/*
 * mixer creation - all stuff is implemented in hda module
 */
static int __devinit azx_mixer_create(struct azx *chip)
{
	return snd_hda_build_controls(chip->bus);
}


/*
 * initialize SD streams
 */
static int __devinit azx_init_stream(struct azx *chip)
{
	int i;

	/* initialize each stream (aka device)
	 * assign the starting bdl address to each stream (device)
	 * and initialize
	 */
	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++) {
		struct azx_dev *azx_dev = &chip->azx_dev[i];
		azx_dev->posbuf = (u32 __iomem *)(chip->posbuf.area + i * 8);
		/* offset: SDI0=0x80, SDI1=0xa0, ... SDO3=0x160 */
		azx_dev->sd_addr = chip->remap_addr + (0x20 * i + 0x80);
		/* int mask: SDI0=0x01, SDI1=0x02, ... SDO3=0x80 */
		azx_dev->sd_int_sta_mask = 1 << i;
		/* stream tag: must be non-zero and unique */
		azx_dev->index = i;
		azx_dev->stream_tag = i + 1;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int azx_acquire_irq(struct azx *chip, int do_disconnect)
{
	if (request_irq(chip->pci->irq, azx_interrupt,
			chip->msi ? 0 : IRQF_SHARED,
			"HDA Intel", chip)) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "hda-intel: unable to grab IRQ %d, "
		       "disabling device\n", chip->pci->irq);
		if (do_disconnect)
			snd_card_disconnect(chip->card);
		return -1;
	}
	chip->irq = chip->pci->irq;
	pci_intx(chip->pci, !chip->msi);
	return 0;
}


static void azx_stop_chip(struct azx *chip)
{
	if (!chip->initialized)
		return;

	/* disable interrupts */
	azx_int_disable(chip);
	azx_int_clear(chip);

	/* disable CORB/RIRB */
	azx_free_cmd_io(chip);

	/* disable position buffer */
	azx_writel(chip, DPLBASE, 0);
	azx_writel(chip, DPUBASE, 0);

	chip->initialized = 0;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE
/* power-up/down the controller */
static void azx_power_notify(struct hda_codec *codec)
{
	struct azx *chip = codec->bus->private_data;
	struct hda_codec *c;
	int power_on = 0;

	list_for_each_entry(c, &codec->bus->codec_list, list) {
		if (c->power_on) {
			power_on = 1;
			break;
		}
	}
	if (power_on)
		azx_init_chip(chip);
	else if (chip->running && power_save_controller)
		azx_stop_chip(chip);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE */

#ifdef CONFIG_PM
/*
 * power management
 */
static int azx_suspend(struct pci_dev *pci, pm_message_t state)
{
	struct snd_card *card = pci_get_drvdata(pci);
	struct azx *chip = card->private_data;
	int i;

	snd_power_change_state(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D3hot);
	azx_clear_irq_pending(chip);
	for (i = 0; i < AZX_MAX_PCMS; i++)
		snd_pcm_suspend_all(chip->pcm[i]);
	if (chip->initialized)
		snd_hda_suspend(chip->bus, state);
	azx_stop_chip(chip);
	if (chip->irq >= 0) {
		free_irq(chip->irq, chip);
		chip->irq = -1;
	}
	if (chip->msi)
		pci_disable_msi(chip->pci);
	pci_disable_device(pci);
	pci_save_state(pci);
	pci_set_power_state(pci, pci_choose_state(pci, state));
	return 0;
}

static int azx_resume(struct pci_dev *pci)
{
	struct snd_card *card = pci_get_drvdata(pci);
	struct azx *chip = card->private_data;

	pci_set_power_state(pci, PCI_D0);
	pci_restore_state(pci);
	if (pci_enable_device(pci) < 0) {
		printk(KERN_ERR "hda-intel: pci_enable_device failed, "
		       "disabling device\n");
		snd_card_disconnect(card);
		return -EIO;
	}
	pci_set_master(pci);
	if (chip->msi)
		if (pci_enable_msi(pci) < 0)
			chip->msi = 0;
	if (azx_acquire_irq(chip, 1) < 0)
		return -EIO;
	azx_init_pci(chip);

	if (snd_hda_codecs_inuse(chip->bus))
		azx_init_chip(chip);

	snd_hda_resume(chip->bus);
	snd_power_change_state(card, SNDRV_CTL_POWER_D0);
	return 0;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PM */


/*
 * destructor
 */
static int azx_free(struct azx *chip)
{
	int i;

	if (chip->initialized) {
		azx_clear_irq_pending(chip);
		for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++)
			azx_stream_stop(chip, &chip->azx_dev[i]);
		azx_stop_chip(chip);
	}

	if (chip->irq >= 0)
		free_irq(chip->irq, (void*)chip);
	if (chip->msi)
		pci_disable_msi(chip->pci);
	if (chip->remap_addr)
		iounmap(chip->remap_addr);

	if (chip->azx_dev) {
		for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++)
			if (chip->azx_dev[i].bdl.area)
				snd_dma_free_pages(&chip->azx_dev[i].bdl);
	}
	if (chip->rb.area)
		snd_dma_free_pages(&chip->rb);
	if (chip->posbuf.area)
		snd_dma_free_pages(&chip->posbuf);
	pci_release_regions(chip->pci);
	pci_disable_device(chip->pci);
	kfree(chip->azx_dev);
	kfree(chip);

	return 0;
}

static int azx_dev_free(struct snd_device *device)
{
	return azx_free(device->device_data);
}

/*
 * white/black-listing for position_fix
 */
static struct snd_pci_quirk position_fix_list[] __devinitdata = {
	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1028, 0x01cc, "Dell D820", POS_FIX_LPIB),
	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1028, 0x01de, "Dell Precision 390", POS_FIX_LPIB),
	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1043, 0x813d, "ASUS P5AD2", POS_FIX_LPIB),
	{}
};

static int __devinit check_position_fix(struct azx *chip, int fix)
{
	const struct snd_pci_quirk *q;

	if (fix == POS_FIX_AUTO) {
		q = snd_pci_quirk_lookup(chip->pci, position_fix_list);
		if (q) {
			printk(KERN_INFO
				    "hda_intel: position_fix set to %d "
				    "for device %04x:%04x\n",
				    q->value, q->subvendor, q->subdevice);
			return q->value;
		}
	}
	return fix;
}

/*
 * black-lists for probe_mask
 */
static struct snd_pci_quirk probe_mask_list[] __devinitdata = {
	/* Thinkpad often breaks the controller communication when accessing
	 * to the non-working (or non-existing) modem codec slot.
	 */
	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x1014, 0x05b7, "Thinkpad Z60", 0x01),
	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x2010, "Thinkpad X/T/R60", 0x01),
	SND_PCI_QUIRK(0x17aa, 0x20ac, "Thinkpad X/T/R61", 0x01),
	{}
};

static void __devinit check_probe_mask(struct azx *chip, int dev)
{
	const struct snd_pci_quirk *q;

	if (probe_mask[dev] == -1) {
		q = snd_pci_quirk_lookup(chip->pci, probe_mask_list);
		if (q) {
			printk(KERN_INFO
			       "hda_intel: probe_mask set to 0x%x "
			       "for device %04x:%04x\n",
			       q->value, q->subvendor, q->subdevice);
			probe_mask[dev] = q->value;
		}
	}
}


/*
 * constructor
 */
static int __devinit azx_create(struct snd_card *card, struct pci_dev *pci,
				int dev, int driver_type,
				struct azx **rchip)
{
	struct azx *chip;
	int i, err;
	unsigned short gcap;
	static struct snd_device_ops ops = {
		.dev_free = azx_dev_free,
	};

	*rchip = NULL;

	err = pci_enable_device(pci);
	if (err < 0)
		return err;

	chip = kzalloc(sizeof(*chip), GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!chip) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "cannot allocate chip\n");
		pci_disable_device(pci);
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	spin_lock_init(&chip->reg_lock);
	mutex_init(&chip->open_mutex);
	chip->card = card;
	chip->pci = pci;
	chip->irq = -1;
	chip->driver_type = driver_type;
	chip->msi = enable_msi;
	chip->dev_index = dev;
	INIT_WORK(&chip->irq_pending_work, azx_irq_pending_work);

	chip->position_fix = check_position_fix(chip, position_fix[dev]);
	check_probe_mask(chip, dev);

	chip->single_cmd = single_cmd;

	if (bdl_pos_adj[dev] < 0) {
		switch (chip->driver_type) {
		case AZX_DRIVER_ICH:
			bdl_pos_adj[dev] = 1;
			break;
		default:
			bdl_pos_adj[dev] = 32;
			break;
		}
	}

#if BITS_PER_LONG != 64
	/* Fix up base address on ULI M5461 */
	if (chip->driver_type == AZX_DRIVER_ULI) {
		u16 tmp3;
		pci_read_config_word(pci, 0x40, &tmp3);
		pci_write_config_word(pci, 0x40, tmp3 | 0x10);
		pci_write_config_dword(pci, PCI_BASE_ADDRESS_1, 0);
	}
#endif

	err = pci_request_regions(pci, "ICH HD audio");
	if (err < 0) {
		kfree(chip);
		pci_disable_device(pci);
		return err;
	}

	chip->addr = pci_resource_start(pci, 0);
	chip->remap_addr = ioremap_nocache(chip->addr, pci_resource_len(pci,0));
	if (chip->remap_addr == NULL) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "ioremap error\n");
		err = -ENXIO;
		goto errout;
	}

	if (chip->msi)
		if (pci_enable_msi(pci) < 0)
			chip->msi = 0;

	if (azx_acquire_irq(chip, 0) < 0) {
		err = -EBUSY;
		goto errout;
	}

	pci_set_master(pci);
	synchronize_irq(chip->irq);

	gcap = azx_readw(chip, GCAP);
	snd_printdd("chipset global capabilities = 0x%x\n", gcap);

	/* allow 64bit DMA address if supported by H/W */
	if ((gcap & 0x01) && !pci_set_dma_mask(pci, DMA_64BIT_MASK))
		pci_set_consistent_dma_mask(pci, DMA_64BIT_MASK);

	/* read number of streams from GCAP register instead of using
	 * hardcoded value
	 */
	chip->capture_streams = (gcap >> 8) & 0x0f;
	chip->playback_streams = (gcap >> 12) & 0x0f;
	if (!chip->playback_streams && !chip->capture_streams) {
		/* gcap didn't give any info, switching to old method */

		switch (chip->driver_type) {
		case AZX_DRIVER_ULI:
			chip->playback_streams = ULI_NUM_PLAYBACK;
			chip->capture_streams = ULI_NUM_CAPTURE;
			break;
		case AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI:
			chip->playback_streams = ATIHDMI_NUM_PLAYBACK;
			chip->capture_streams = ATIHDMI_NUM_CAPTURE;
			break;
		default:
			chip->playback_streams = ICH6_NUM_PLAYBACK;
			chip->capture_streams = ICH6_NUM_CAPTURE;
			break;
		}
	}
	chip->capture_index_offset = 0;
	chip->playback_index_offset = chip->capture_streams;
	chip->num_streams = chip->playback_streams + chip->capture_streams;
	chip->azx_dev = kcalloc(chip->num_streams, sizeof(*chip->azx_dev),
				GFP_KERNEL);
	if (!chip->azx_dev) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR "cannot malloc azx_dev\n");
		goto errout;
	}

	for (i = 0; i < chip->num_streams; i++) {
		/* allocate memory for the BDL for each stream */
		err = snd_dma_alloc_pages(SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV,
					  snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci),
					  BDL_SIZE, &chip->azx_dev[i].bdl);
		if (err < 0) {
			snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "cannot allocate BDL\n");
			goto errout;
		}
	}
	/* allocate memory for the position buffer */
	err = snd_dma_alloc_pages(SNDRV_DMA_TYPE_DEV,
				  snd_dma_pci_data(chip->pci),
				  chip->num_streams * 8, &chip->posbuf);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "cannot allocate posbuf\n");
		goto errout;
	}
	/* allocate CORB/RIRB */
	if (!chip->single_cmd) {
		err = azx_alloc_cmd_io(chip);
		if (err < 0)
			goto errout;
	}

	/* initialize streams */
	azx_init_stream(chip);

	/* initialize chip */
	azx_init_pci(chip);
	azx_init_chip(chip);

	/* codec detection */
	if (!chip->codec_mask) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "no codecs found!\n");
		err = -ENODEV;
		goto errout;
	}

	err = snd_device_new(card, SNDRV_DEV_LOWLEVEL, chip, &ops);
	if (err <0) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "Error creating device [card]!\n");
		goto errout;
	}

	strcpy(card->driver, "HDA-Intel");
	strcpy(card->shortname, driver_short_names[chip->driver_type]);
	sprintf(card->longname, "%s at 0x%lx irq %i",
		card->shortname, chip->addr, chip->irq);

	*rchip = chip;
	return 0;

 errout:
	azx_free(chip);
	return err;
}

static void power_down_all_codecs(struct azx *chip)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_SND_HDA_POWER_SAVE
	/* The codecs were powered up in snd_hda_codec_new().
	 * Now all initialization done, so turn them down if possible
	 */
	struct hda_codec *codec;
	list_for_each_entry(codec, &chip->bus->codec_list, list) {
		snd_hda_power_down(codec);
	}
#endif
}

static int __devinit azx_probe(struct pci_dev *pci,
			       const struct pci_device_id *pci_id)
{
	static int dev;
	struct snd_card *card;
	struct azx *chip;
	int err;

	if (dev >= SNDRV_CARDS)
		return -ENODEV;
	if (!enable[dev]) {
		dev++;
		return -ENOENT;
	}

	card = snd_card_new(index[dev], id[dev], THIS_MODULE, 0);
	if (!card) {
		snd_printk(KERN_ERR SFX "Error creating card!\n");
		return -ENOMEM;
	}

	err = azx_create(card, pci, dev, pci_id->driver_data, &chip);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}
	card->private_data = chip;

	/* create codec instances */
	err = azx_codec_create(chip, model[dev], probe_mask[dev]);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	/* create PCM streams */
	err = azx_pcm_create(chip);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	/* create mixer controls */
	err = azx_mixer_create(chip);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	snd_card_set_dev(card, &pci->dev);

	err = snd_card_register(card);
	if (err < 0) {
		snd_card_free(card);
		return err;
	}

	pci_set_drvdata(pci, card);
	chip->running = 1;
	power_down_all_codecs(chip);

	dev++;
	return err;
}

static void __devexit azx_remove(struct pci_dev *pci)
{
	snd_card_free(pci_get_drvdata(pci));
	pci_set_drvdata(pci, NULL);
}

/* PCI IDs */
static struct pci_device_id azx_ids[] = {
	/* ICH 6..10 */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x2668), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x27d8), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x269a), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x284b), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x2911), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x293e), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x293f), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x3a3e), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x3a6e), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	/* PCH */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x3b56), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ICH },
	/* SCH */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x8086, 0x811b), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_SCH },
	/* ATI SB 450/600 */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0x437b), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0x4383), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATI },
	/* ATI HDMI */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0x793b), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0x7919), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0x960f), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0x970f), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa00), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa08), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa10), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa18), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa20), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa28), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa30), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa38), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa40), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1002, 0xaa48), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ATIHDMI },
	/* VIA VT8251/VT8237A */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1106, 0x3288), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_VIA },
	/* SIS966 */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x1039, 0x7502), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_SIS },
	/* ULI M5461 */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10b9, 0x5461), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_ULI },
	/* NVIDIA MCP */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x026c), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0371), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x03e4), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x03f0), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x044a), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x044b), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x055c), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x055d), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0774), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0775), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0776), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0777), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x07fc), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x07fd), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0ac0), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0ac1), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0ac2), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0ac3), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0bd4), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0bd5), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0bd6), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x10de, 0x0bd7), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_NVIDIA },
	/* Teradici */
	{ PCI_DEVICE(0x6549, 0x1200), .driver_data = AZX_DRIVER_TERA },
	{ 0, }
};
MODULE_DEVICE_TABLE(pci, azx_ids);

/* pci_driver definition */
static struct pci_driver driver = {
	.name = "HDA Intel",
	.id_table = azx_ids,
	.probe = azx_probe,
	.remove = __devexit_p(azx_remove),
#ifdef CONFIG_PM
	.suspend = azx_suspend,
	.resume = azx_resume,
#endif
};

static int __init alsa_card_azx_init(void)
{
	return pci_register_driver(&driver);
}

static void __exit alsa_card_azx_exit(void)
{
	pci_unregister_driver(&driver);
}

module_init(alsa_card_azx_init)
module_exit(alsa_card_azx_exit)